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The Danube River Basin District

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The Danube River Basin District / / / / a n ï a r k U / /// ija ven Slo /// o / sk n e v o l S / / / / a r o G a n r C i a j i b r S / / / / a i n â m o R / / / / a v o d l o M / / / / g á z s r ro ya ag M The /// a / blik repu Danube River Ceská / Hrvatska //// osna i Hercegovina //// Ba˘lgarija /// / B /// Basin District h ic e River basin characteristics, impact of human activities and economic analysis required under Article 5, Annex II randr Annex III, and inventory of protected areas required under Article 6, Annex IV of the EU Water Framework Directivee (2000/60/EC) t s Part A – Basin-wide overviewÖ / / Short: “Danube Basin Analysis (WFD Roof Report 2004)” / / d n a l h c s t u e D / / / / The complete report consists of Part A: Basin-wide overview, and Part B: Detailed analysis of the Danube river basin countries 18 March 2005, Reporting deadline: 22 March 2005 Prepared by International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR) in cooperation with the countries of the Danube River Basin District. The Contracting Parties to the Danube River Protection Convention endorsed this report at the 7th Ordinary Meeting of the ICPDR on December 13-14, 2004. The final version of the report was approved 18 March 2005. Overall coordination and editing by Dr. Ursula Schmedtje, Technical Expert for River Basin Management at the ICPDR Secretariat, under the guidance of the River Basin Management Expert Group. ICPDR Document IC/084, 18 March 2005 International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River Vienna International Centre D0412 P.O. Box 500 A-1400 Vienna, Austria Phone: +(43 1) 26060 5738 Fax: +(43 1) 26060 5895 e-mail: [email protected] web: http://www.icpdr.org/DANUBIS Acknowledgements We would like to thank the many people that have contributed to the Specific text contributions have been provided by: successful preparation of this report: Jasmine Bachmann · Horst Behrendt · Sebastian Birk · Pavel Biza · – the 13 Danube countries and their experts for their comprehensive Joachim D’Eugenio · Jos van Gils · Johannes Grath · Carmen data and text contributions, their comments and ideas, Hamchevici · Wenke Hansen · Eduard Interwies · Eleftheria Kampa · – the ICPDR River Basin Management Expert Group for the overall Helga Lindinger · Igor Liska · Liviu Popescu · Mihaela Popovici · guidance and coordination of WFD implementation in the Danube Tanja Pottgiesser · Ursula Schmedtje · Gerhard Sigmund · River Basin District, Mario Sommerhäuser · Stefan Speck · Ilse Stubauer · Birgit Vogel · – the other ICPDR Expert Groups for giving guidance on specific Philip Weller · Gerhard Winkelmann-Oei · Alexander Zinke. WFD issues, and for defining common criteria for basin-wide data collection, The maps have been produced by Ulrich Schwarz. – the consultants for drafting chapters and giving their expertise on Danube issues, Layout and graphics have been developed by BüroX Wien, – the UNDP/GEF Danube Regional Project for technical and www.buerox.at financial support, and – the ICPDR Secretariat for the preparation of the Roof Report, The photographs have been kindly provided by Mario Romuli´c. coordination and harmonisation of contributions, and editing to create an informative and readable report. This report was coordinated and edited by Ursula Schmedtje. Technical support was given by Edith Hödl. Table of Contents 2 Table of Contents Analyses required under Article 5, Annex II and Annex III, and Inventory required under Article 6, Annex IV WFD 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Aim of the report 12 1.2. Structure and contents of the report 12 1.3. Status of the report and disclaimer 16 2. THE DANUBE RIVER BASIN DISTRICT AND ITS INTERNATIONAL COORDINATION ARRANGEMENTS 2.1. Delineation of the Danube River Basin District 18 2.2. States in the Danube River Basin District 20 2.3. International coordination of WFD implementation 22 2.3.1. Coordination at the basin-wide level 22 2.3.2. Bilateral and multilateral 24 2.3.3. Competent authorities 25 3. GENERAL CHARACTERISATION OF THE DANUBE RIVER BASIN DISTRICT 3.1. Geographic characterisation 26 3.2. Climate and hydrology 26 3.3. The Danube River and its main tributaries 28 3.4. Important lakes in the Danube River Basin District 30 3.5. Major wetlands in the Danube River Basin District 32 3.6. Important canals for navigation 33 3.7. Groundwater in the Danube River Basin District 35 4. CHARACTERISATION OF SURFACE WATERS (ART. 5 AND ANNEX II) 4.1. Identification of surface water categories 36 4.2. Surface water types and reference conditions 36 4.2.1. Ecoregions in the Danube River Basin District 36 4.2.2. Rivers 38 4.2.2.1. Typology of the Danube River 38 4.2.2.2. Typology of the tributaries in the Danube River Basin District 39 4.2.2.3. Reference conditions 41 4.2.3. Lakes 44 4.2.3.1. Lake types 44 4.2.3.2. Reference conditions 45 4.2.4. Transitional waters 45 4.2.5. Coastal waters 47 4.3. Identification of surface water bodies 48 4.3.1. Water bodies in rivers 48 4.3.2. Water bodies in lakes 48 4.3.3. Water bodies in transitional and coastal waters 49 4.3.4. Heavily modified water bodies (provisional identification) 49 4.3.5. Artificial water bodies 49 4.4. Identification of significant pressures 51 4.4.1. Significant point source pollution (overview) 52 4.4.1.1. Data availability 52 4.4.1.2. Contribution of sub-basins to the total point source pollution of the Danube 54 Table of Contents 3 4.4.2. Significant sources of nutrients (point and diffuse) including land use patterns 57 4.4.2.1. Introduction 57 4.4.2.2. Present state of the nutrient point discharges 57 4.4.2.3. Land use patterns and agricultural indicators 58 4.4.2.4. Diffuse nutrient pollution 66 4.4.2.5. Historical development of the diffuse source nutrient pollution into the Danube River system 71 4.4.3. Other significant diffuse source pollution 72 4.4.3.1. Analysis of priority pesticides used in the Danube River Basin District 73 4.4.4. Significant hydromorphological alterations 74 4.4.4.1. Hydropower generation 75 4.4.4.2. Flood defence measures 77 4.4.4.3. Navigation 78 4.4.4.4. Water transfer and diversion 79 4.4.4.5. Future infrastructure projects 79 4.4.5. Other significant anthropogenic pressures 80 4.4.5.1. Accident Pollution 80 4.4.5.2. Fisheries 82 4.4.5.3. Invasive species 82 4.5. Assessment of impacts on the basin-wide level 84 4.5.1. Impacts on rivers 86 4.5.1.1. Impacts from organic pollution 86 4.5.1.2. Contamination with hazardous substances 93 4.5.1.3. Impacts from nutrient loads 100 4.5.1.4. Impacts caused by hydromorphological alterations 109 4.5.1.5. Impacts from over-fishing 113 4.5.2. Impacts on lakes and lagoons 115 4.5.2.1. Neusiedlersee / Ferto˝-tó 115 4.5.2.2. Lake Balaton 115 4.5.2.3. Ozero Ialpug 116 4.5.2.4. Razim-Sinoe lacustrine system 116 4.5.3. Impacts on the Danube Delta 117 4.5.3.1. Link to pressures 117 4.5.3.2. Impact assessment 118 4.5.3.3. Expected future developments 119 4.5.4. Impacts on coastal waters and the wider marine environment of the Black Sea 119 4.5.4.1. Assessment of status and impact 119 4.5.4.2. Impact assessment 120 4.5.4.3. Expected future developments 124 4.5.5. Impacts on artificial water bodies 124 4.5.5.1. Main-Danube Canal 124 4.5.5.2. Danube-Tisza-Danube Canal System 124 4.5.5.3. Danube-Black Sea Canal 124 4.6. Heavily modified surface waters (provisional identification) 125 4.6.1. Provisionally identified heavily modified waters on rivers 125 4.6.1.1. Approach for selecting heavily modified water bodies for the basin-wide overview 125 Table of Contents 4 4.6.1.2. Provisional identification of heavily modified waters on rivers based on the agreed criteria 126 4.6.2. Provisional HMWBs on lakes 129 4.6.3. Provisional HMWBs on transitional and coastal waters 129 4.7. Risk of failure to reach the environmental objectives (overview) 130 4.7.1. Approach for the risk assessment on surface waters 130 4.7.2. Risk of failure analysis on rivers 132 4.7.2.1. Results on the Danube River 133 4.7.2.2. Results on the Danube tributaries 134 4.7.2.3. Discussion of results of the risk analysis on rivers 135 4.7.3. Risk of failure analysis on lakes 135 4.7.4. Risk of failure analysis on transitional and coastal waters 136 4.7.5. Risk of failure analysis on heavily modified water bodies 136 4.7.6. Risk of failure analysis on artificial water bodies 136 4.8. Data gaps and uncertainties 137 4.8.1. Typology of surface waters and definition of reference conditions 137 4.8.2. Significant pressures relevant on the basin-wide scale 137 4.8.3. Assessment of impacts on the basin-wide level 139 4.9. Conclusions on surface waters 141 4.9.1. Surface water types and reference conditions 141 4.9.2. Significant point and diffuse sources of pollution 141 4.9.3. Impacts from organic pollution 142 4.9.4. Contamination with hazardous substances 143 4.9.5. Impacts from nutrients 143 4.9.6.
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