MUNICH MOZART´S STAY The life and work of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is closely connected to Munich, a centre of the German music patronage. Two of his most famous works Mozart composed in the residence city of Munich: On the 13th January, 1775 the premiere from „La finta giardinera “took place, on the 29th January, 1781 the opera "Idomeneo" was launched at Cuvilliés Theater. Already during his first trip at the age of six years Wolfgang played together with his sister Nannerl for Elector Maximilian Joseph III. The second visit followed a year later, in June, 1763. From Munich the Mozart family started to their three year European journey to Paris and London. On the way back from this triumphal journey they stopped in Munich again and Mozart gave concerts at the Emperors court. Main focus of the next trip to Munich (1774 – in 1775) was the premiere of the opera "La finta giardiniera" at the Salvatortheater. In 1777 when Wolfgang and his mother were on the way to Paris Munich was destination again and they stayed 14 days in the Isar city. Unfortunately, at that time Wolfgang aspired in vain to and permanent employment. Idomeneo, an opera which Mozart had composed by order of Elector Karl Theodor, was performed in Munich for the first time at the glamorous rococo theatre in the Munich palace, the Cuvilliés Theater. With pleasure he would have remained in Munich, however, there was, unfortunately, none „vacatur “for him again. In 1790 Mozart came for the last time to Munich on his trip to the coronation of Leopold II in Frankfurt. He played in a concert before the enthusiastic King of Naples. The works and the respect for Mozart were held in Munich always in honour since that time. Based on order of the Eperor the opera "Don Giovanni" had been performed in 1791. In 1793 the "Zauberflöte" première took place in Munich. In January followed the opera "Figaros Hochzeit ". Munich was Mozart's city and became to a "Mozart city" increasingly at the end of the 19th century when under Hermann Levi and Felix Mottl the Mozart Renaissance started and Richard Strauss and Ernst von Possart integrated his works firmly in the program of the opera and in the Munich opera festival. Till today his compositions are performed at the "Bayrische Staatsoper", the "Gärtnerplatztheater and the "Cuvilliés Theater as well as by well-known Munich orchestras. In 2008 the extensive renovated Cuvilliés theatre will be reopened with a festive performance of „Idomeneo “ in the frame of the 850th jubilee of Munich. PLACES OF INTEREST Church of our Lady Frauenplatz 12 During the stay of Leopold and Wolfgang for the opera "La finta giardiniera", Wolfgang´s "Grand Litany," K. 125 was performed most likely here. Court Chapel in the palace Several Masses by Wolfgang conducted by Leopold, were performed in the court chapel on 12 and 19 February 1775. Elector Karl Theodor ordered for the first fasting Sunday in 1775 an Offertorium per tempore „Misericordias Domini “. Mozart appreciated this composition especially. Cuvilliés Theater (Altes Residenztheater) Residenzstrasse 1 This unique Rococo court theater, of splendidly carved wood in red, white and gold, was built by Cuvilliés (1751-53). Here, on 29 January 1781, Mozart´s opera Idomeneo was fist performed, with Leopold and Nannerl in audience. Nymphenburg castle On 13 June, during their second trip to Munich, the Mozarts visited Nyphenburg. Here they played at night between 8:00 – 11:15 pm before Elector Maximilian Joseph III and the Bavarian nobility. Nannerl was the principal performer and received the greatest applause. Years later, on 21 November 1766, the Mozart children performed for the Bavarian Elector again, with Mozart displaying his new talent for improvised composition, using a theme by the Elector. 1777 Mozart spoke to the Elector privately about a position in Munich, at table in Nyphenburg, where he was told, "It is too early now." Nymphenburg Park 1763 Nannerl noted in her travelling notices that she saw Nymphenburg with the garden and its four castles before the performance for Maximilian Joseph III. She spent four hours there. Palace (Residenz) Max-Joseph-Platz 3 In November 1790 Mozart played here for the Elector Karl Theodor and Ferdinand IV, King of Naples Treasury Room in the palace Leopold Mozart writes in January 1775 that Nannerl und he himself visited the rooms and jewels at the palace. The old Treasury Room has become the porcelain museum today. The splendid treasure is found in the present Schatzkammer. Further not more existing locations of Mozart's sites in Munich Old Court Theatre on the Salvatorplatz Redouten Hall, Prannergasse 8 House of Count Salern, Maffeistraße 7 House of Frau Durst, Residenzstraße 7 House of Count Baumgarten, Theatinergasse 8 House of Mister Fiat, corner Burggasse and Altenhofstraße Guesthouse „Zum Schwarzen Adler“, Kaufingerstraße 25 Former Herzog Hospital and Church, today Herzogspitalgasse ABOUT MUNICH Munich is the Bavarian capital and with more than 1.3 million inhabitants third-biggest city of Germany. Foundation of the city In 1158 Munich was mentioned for the first time as "Villa Munichen" in a document, after the duke of Bavaria and Saxony, Heinrich the Lion, near an already existing monk's settlement allowed to establish a bridge over the Isar all around the Peter's church. Thus 1158 was fixed as the foundation year of Munich, as the year of the first documentary mention. Munich in the Middle Ages After Heinrich the Lion had been banned by the emperor in 1180 , Bavaria had been put under the regency of the Wittelsbacher. In 1240 Munich received its town charter and became after the first land division a seat of the dukedom Munich Upper Bavaria. Since 1314 the Bavarian Duke Ludwig IV was German King and since 1328 Emperor too. During his reign Munich was extended and the second fortification was finished around the city. In this extension Munich maintained up to the end of the 18th century. As memory of the reign of Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian, Munich took over the imperial colours Black and Gold as her city colours. By the end of 14th century the Dukes moved their residence from the old court to the northern city border where in the course of the centuries the new residence grew up into a splendid palace. Capital and residence city of Bavaria When Bavaria was reunited in 1506 by Duke Albrecht IV Munich became capital of the whole of Bavaria. The construction of the old town hall and the "Frauenkirche" are wittnisses of the cultural and economic bloom of that time. Afterwards the influence of the citizenship diminished more and more and the Wittelsbacher determined the development of the city. Munich became a center of the German Counter Reformation. Duke Wilhelm V built the Hofbräuhaus for brewing brown beer in 1589. During the Thirty Years' War Munich became electoral residence when Maximilian I, Duke of Bavaria was invested with the electoral dignity because of his support of the Catholic League of the Emperor. When the Swedish army occupied Munich in 1632 King Gustav Adolph von Schweden was taken so deeply by the splendour of the palace that he would have brought it „best on wheels to Stockholm “. Elector Maximilian I initiated the baroque in Bavaria with his early-absolutistic ruling style. His successors built the Theatinerkirche, Nymphenburg Castle and Schleißheim Castle. At the middle of 18th century the Bavarian Elector Karl Albrecht as Emperor Karl VII competed with Maria Theresia von Habsburg in regard to the power in the empire. For presentation reasons the residence was equipped in the rococo style magnificently and the Cuvilliés theatre was built. After the death of Emperors Karl VII the political empire of Bavaria took an end. On account of the grounded city wall, the foundation of new quarters and incorporations of suburbs the rise of Munich to a major city began at the end of 19th century. In 1700 Munich had just 24.000 inhabitants, but the inhabitant's number soon doubled all 30 years, so that in 1871 170.000 people lived in Munich and in 1933 these were already 840.000. The cultural city under the Wittelsbachern: Bavaria was raised by the support of Napoleon to kingdom in 1806. Under the government of King Ludwig I of Bavaria (1825–1848) Munich became an art city largely known. The classicism architectures Leo von Klenze and Friedrich von Gärtner designed the Ludwigstrasse, the "Königsplatz" with the Glyptothek and the extension of the residence. With the construction of the old and new Pinakothek Munich received two of the most significant art museums in the world. Ludwig's son Max II (1848–1864) promoted in particular the humanities, but acted as well as a constructor. Among others the buildings along the "Maximilianstrasse", today one of the most exclusive shopping streets of the continent, were constructed in the new "Maximilianstil" reminding to the English Gothic. Under his brother prince's regent Luitpold (1886–1912) experienced Munich an immense economic and cultural impetus. Among others the "Prinzregenten Strasse" and the "Prinzregenten Theater" were built. "Schwabing" experienced around the turn of the century a blossom as an artist's quarter in which numerous brilliant writers and painters of the time operated. In 1896 the Munich cultural magazine „Die "Jugend“was published for the first time which became name- giving for the "Art Noveaul". In 1911 the artist's union the blue rider was founded. In his story Gladius Dei Thomas Mann created the word „Munich shines “ Dark Munich times After the First World War, in 1919, the monarchy fell down. A worried time also affected by revolutions followed.