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Archaeology in Newfoundland and Labrador 1982Opens in New Window Tourism and cu:tlrm 0. OX Q7q9,st. :cr+n*:s, Nephund:and, 4a%. ry4 ARCHAEOLOGY IN NEWFOUNDLAND & LABRADOR 1982 Annual Report #3 Edited by: Jane Sproull Thomson Call um Thomson Historic Resources Di vl sion Department of Culture, Recreation & Youth Government of Newfoundl and & Labrador St. John ' s , Newfoundl and May 1983 Cover photo by Antonia McGrath; Astrolabe dated 1628 recovered by W. Mushrow from the Isle aux Morts shipwreck (see Newfoundland Marine Archaeology Society, p. 195) ISSN 07 15-2086 TABLE OF CONTENTS ARCHAEOLOGY IN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR 1982 (map). ....... i INTRODUCTION. .............................................. 1 Jane Sproull Thomson MARITIME ARCHAIC LONGHOUSES AND OTHER SURVEY RESULTS FROM OUTER SAGLEK BAY, NORTHERN LABRADOR, AUGUST 9, 1982.. ...... 3 Callum Thomson AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE INNER BAY REGION BETWEEN NAIN AND DAVIS INLET, LABRADOR: A REPORT OF 1982 FIELDWORK ................................................. 32 Stephen Loring CONTRACT ARCHAEOLOGY AT MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY .............. 57 James A. Tuck PROGRESS REPORT ON THE MARINE EXCAVATION OF THE BASQUE WHALING VESSEL SAN JUAN (1565) : A SUMMARY OF THE 1982 FIELD SEASON.. ........................................... 76 R. James Ringer EXCAVATIONS AT RED BAY, LABRADOR - 1982.................. 95 James A. Tuck ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEYS IN THE STRAIT OF BELLE ISLE....... 118 William Fitzhugh A PRILIMINARY REPORT ON INVESTIGATIONS AT BOYD'S COVE-1, A BEOTHUK AND RECENT INDIAN SITE IN NOTRE DAME BAY, NEWFOUNDLAND. ............................................ 133 Ralph Pastore AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE EXPLOITS RIVER FROM RED INDIAN LAKE TO GRAND FALLS, MAY 29 - JUNE 19, 1982.. ..... 161 Callum Thomson BURNT KNAPS ( DbAv-1,2) : TWO MICMAC SITES ON MIDDLE RIDGE 179 Geral d Penney A SURVEY OF UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGICAL SHIPWRECK SITES ON THE NEWFOUNDLAND COAST. IL THE BURIN PENINSULA AND 6. ISLE-AUX-MORTS.. ......................................... 195 Newfound1and Marine Archaeology Society ARCHAEOLOGY IN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR 1982 INTRODUCTION Jane Sproull Thomson Provinci a1 Archaeologist 1982 was in some ways a year of consol idation for archaeological research in Newfoundland and Labrador. Research begun over the past several years was continued, with broadened areal studies and/or expansion of excavations, or, in some cases, more in-depth study of sites previously identified as potentional ly important. Among those returning to particular areas of research were Fi tzhugh, Loring, Pastore, Penney, Thomson, Tuck and the Parks Canada team at Red Bay. The Canadian Archaeological Association Annual Meeting he1 d in Apri 1 of 1983 saw a special session on Palaeo-Eskimo Prehistory of the Newfoundland- Labrador-Ungava region. Uti1 izing the resul ts from the many recent small -site excavations in this region, Richard Jordan, Douglas Robbins, James Tuck and Will iam Fi tzhugh gave papers interpreting the prehistory of this tradition more broadly than previously has been considered possible. At a time when funding for archaeology is under increasing publ ic scrutiny, such interpretive studies, which make the science more accessible to the community supporting it, are arguably a priority. The past year also s.aw the founding of the Newfoundland and Labrador Amateur Archaeology Association. The aims of the Association include the furthering of public understanding of and interest in archaeology. (The first president is Mrs. Julia Mathieson and the address is P.O. Box8214, Stn.A, St. John's, Newfoundland, A~B3N4. ) The Association has already become an important forum for distribution of research results and exchange between the academic archaeologist and an interested public. Several new programs were undertaken during the past year to narrow the gap existing between these two groups. A pamphlet titled "Archaeology in Newfoundland and Labrador" was distributed to tourist outlets, schools and museums in the province. It is an attempt to explain concisely the goals and methods of archaeology, some of the prehistory of the province, and to make known key sections of the Act Respecting Historic Objects, Sites and Records. As well, a course was run at the St. John's YMCA titled "Introduction to Archaeology", whose purpose was to attract more widespread participation in archaeological objectives among the more comni tted lay publ ic. The award for "surprise of the year 1982" must be divided between two equally exciting sites. At Red Bay, James Tuck's discovery of unburied human remains not far from the land site is reported in this volume. Of a different nature, the recovery by a professional diver of a nearly mint condition astrolabe dated to 1628 has brought international attention to the site at Isle aux Marts. (See the report, this volume, by the Newfound- land Marine Archaeology Society, as we1 1 as the cover illustration; we have been fortunate indeed in finding eye-catching artifacts over the past three years to grace the cover of this publication! ) This site holds much promise, although as always the excitement generated over its discovery brings with it corresponding concern for its safety from artifact collectors . Thanks is again expressed to the contributors to this volume. Its somewhat tardy appearance this year reflects government budgetary restraints and is in no way attributed to them; as always they responded rapidly and enthusiastical'ly to the call for papers. Finally, thanks are due once again to the Division secretaries, Kay Hillier and Karen Walsh, who handled the typing of the manuscript while somehow managing to satisfy a mu1 titude of bosses. Grants awarded by Historic Resources Division for the 1982 field season are as follows: NAGLE, Christopher - Fleur de Lys analysis.. ........... .$ 500. NEWFOUNDLAND MARINE ARCHAEOLOGY SOCIETY - survey.. ...... 14,000. PASTORE, Ralph - Beothuk Project........................ 8,155. PENNEY, Gerald - "Burnt Knaps" ; Conne River.. ........... 3,850. THOMSON, Callum - Shuldham Island.. ..................... 5.700. TUCK, James - Red Bay.. ................................. 7,700. TOTAL.. .. 39,905 MARITIME ARCHAIC LONGHOUSES AND OTHER SURVEY RESULTS FROM OUTER SAGLEK BAY, NORTHERN LABRADOR, AUGUST 1982. Call urn Thomson Memori a1 University of Newfound1and, Anthropology Department INTRODUCTION Following initial work by Tuck in 1969-71 (Tuck 1975) and surveys by the Smithsonian/Bryn Mawr Torngat Archaeological Project (T.A.P. ) (Fitzhugh 1980) in 1977-78, field research undertaken in the present project in Saglek Bay, northern Labrador, (see map, p.i, this publication) during 1980 and 1981 produced new evidence at Shul dham 9 of a very late occupation of this region by Late Dorset Eskimos. A small part of this site, occupied perhaps as late as 500 B.P. by Dorset people, was investigated during these two field seasons, and was found also to contain evidence of occupation by earlier Palaeo-Eskimos, Thule Eskimos and the ubiquitous Labrador Inuit. A few artifacts hinted at the additional presence of Maritime Archaic and Point Revenge Indians (Thomson 1981b ; 1982a). In 1982 a two week field season aimed at completing excavation, mapping and testing at Shuldham 9, investigating one of two small Thule sod houses found in 1981, and conducting surveys in the outer part of Saglek Bay, particularly in potential areas of occupation by Maritime Archaic (MA) Indians. Tuck (1975) and Fitzhugh (1980) had a1 ready demonstrated the existence of late MA people this far north; following an introductory course in MA longhouse/scattered boulder differentiation the previous year at Aillik, I hoped to be able to locate some of these structures in unsurveyed and previously surveyed areas, thus proving an extensive use of the outer part of the bay, rich as it is in a variety of marine and terrestrial food resources. Our surveys concentrated on high gravel and boulder ridges well removed from the present shore line in an attempt to retrace MA-occupied 4000-5000 year old active beaches. At Ail1ik we had found that MA structures were often difficult to discern because of the now well -camouflaged combination of boulder architectural features on boulder beaches. High, unvegetated terraces often proved to have MA features on them; of these features cache pits were frequently the most visi ble, leading the eye towards other, larger structures. As no MA structures other than the hearths at Rose Island Site Q (Tuck 1975: 43-44) and a pair of pavement structures on Big Island (Fi tzhugh 1977-78) had previously been noted in Saglek Bay we were delighted and not a little surprised to find in the course of our surveys three Maritime Archaic longhouse foundations and two pit houses similar to those at Aillik (Fitzhugh 1981b; 1982), and some possible MA tent rings. These discoveries highlighted our work as none of these structure types had previously been recognised north of Nulliak, some 25 km to the south (Fitzhugh 1981a), and supported the contention raised earl ier (Thomson 1982b: 2) fol lowing the di scovery at Shul dham 9 of some MA woodworking tools, that a close connection must have been maintained with the forests to the south for supplies of building materials and most likely other trade i terns unavailable in the north. NARRATIVE Our return to Saglek was once again greatly facilitated by Petro Canada: equipment was transported from St. John's to Saglek by supply boat in July, the container slung by helicopter over the 7 km to Shuldham Island where it remained as an incongruous backdrop to our camp until
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