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Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48734-4 — Roman Cult Images Philip Kiernan Index More Information INDEX Aalen, 229 Anglii, 41 Abydos Aniconic idols, 4, 17, 36, 42, 90–94, 174 Temple of Seth, 243 Greek, 37 Acculturation, 88 Aniconic theory Acroliths, 10, 32, 149, 260–61 of Iron Age religion, 37–39, 42, 47, 87, 89 Activation of cult images. See Animation Aniconism Adam of Bremen, 42 empty-space, 25 Adonis, 262 in early Rome, 26–28 Adversus Nationes, of Arnobius, 10 material, 25 aedes, 146 Animation of cult images, 17, 24, 188 aediculum, 122, 124, 131, 149, 164 Animism, 26, 45 Aesculapius, 34, 91, 147, 206, 210 Annona, 183, 202 Aesthetics of cult images, 17, 86, 293n.61 Anthropology and comparative religion, 14–19 Africa, 14–15, 18, 45 Antlers, 262–63 ágalma, 6, 9 Antony, Marc, 147 Agency of idols, 4, 15–18, 34, 196, 204, 223 Aphrodite of Paphos, 91 Agri Decumates, 21, 225–26, 229, 231, 247–49 Aplu, 28 abandonment of, 150, 224 Aprutino, sacellum of Dea Feronia, 307n.16 cult image destruction in, 247–50 Apollo, 92, 104, 109, 147, 170, 189, 197, 238, 250, Alamanni, 226 267, 278 Alba Fucens Citharoedus, 113, 135, 250, Fig 6.5, 6.6 Temple of Hercules, 149 Grannus, 86, 168, 192 Alci, 300n.4. See also Castor and Pollux Apollo of Sosius, 105 Alésia, Mt. Aussois (Côtes d’Or), 301n.28 Apollo of Veii, 29 Alexander, Martirius, and Sisinius, martyrs, 235 Apuleius, 129, 211, 215, 218 Alexandria, Egypt, 242, 268 Arbon (Arbonna), 240 All the gods and goddesses, dedications to, 187 Arcelin, Patrice, 58 Alpes, 183 Argentomagus (Saint-Marcel, Indre), 110–12,Fig3.15 idol, 202–3, 206, 275 Arminius, 45 Alps, mountains, 203, 235 Armorica. See Brittany Altar of Pergamon, 118 Armrings, 78 Alzey, Church of St. George, 255 in sculpture, 57, 108, 110 Amasis, 292n.40 Arnobius, of Sicca, 10–13, 16–17 Ambatiensis (Amboise, Indre-et-Loire), 235 Art Amberloup, 315n.20 Etruscan, 28 Ambracia, 9, 34 Greek, 28, 30, 58–59 Ambracians, 7, 9 Hellenistic, 149 Anaglypha Traiana, 305n.109 Iron Age, 36–39, 69, 80, 100, 136, 144 Anatomical votives, 95 Roman provincial, 86, 94, 127, 133 Ancestor cult Art and Agency, book, 15 and Romano-Celtic temples, 151, 155 Artemis of Ephesos, 294n.12 in Africa and Polynesia, 19 Artemis. See Diana Iron Age, 54, 59, 63, 82–83 Arval Brethren, 91, 201 andriás, 6 Arverni, 130 Angers, 236 Asclepius. See Aesculapius 347 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48734-4 — Roman Cult Images Philip Kiernan Index More Information 348 INDEX Asia, province, 30, 33 Beneficarii, 186 Assos, Temple of Athena, 307n.14 Berecynthia, 235 Astronomy, 140, 142 Bierbach, 184 Athena, 29, 204 Biller, Frank, 124 Athens, 32, 244 Biographies Crossroads Shrine, Agora, 91 of idols, 19–20 Atilla the Hun, 239 of saints. See Hagiographies Attributes, in Iron Age art, 80 of things, 19–20 Augsburg, victory altar, 230 Binchester, 304n.91 Augustine of Hippo, 10, 13, 26, 277 Bitburg, 226 Aukamper Moor. See Braak Bliesbruck-Reinheim (Moselle/Saarland) 318n.148 Aulus Gellius, 258 Bobbio, 240 Aurelian, 225 Bodies Australia, 14 idols as having human, 201–7 autel souterrain, 155 Bonn, 123 Autun, 235 Temple of Matronae Aufaniae, 124, Fig 3.21 Temple of Janus, 157, 190 and 3.22 Avenches Temple of the Matronae Aufaniae, 209 capitolium, 260, Fig 6.9 Border stones, 296n.71 En Chaplix, 155 Boschung, Dietrich, 10, 307n12 bóthros, 258 Bad Bubendorf, 175 Bouray-sur-Juine, 63–64, 67, 102, Fig 2.15 Bad Kreuznach, 317n.120 Bourbonne-les-Bains (Haute-Marne), 95, 98 Bad Wimpfen, 248 Bozouls, 61, Fig 2.12 Bag of coins, in sculpture, 92, 108, 131–32 Braak, 70, 80, 82, Fig 2.18, 2.19 Baldachin, 149 Breasts, mutilation of, 244 Ballachulish (Scotland), 299n.138 Bregenz (Brigantium), 240 Ballereau, Leon, 263 Brennus, 44 Balteus, 133 brétas, 6 Bancroft, 155 Britain, 38, 69, 81, 122, 137, 230, 253 Baptism, of cult images, 243–44 mutilation of sculpture, 253 Barbarians Brittany, 59, 91 and aniconic worship, 37 Bull, 109 as destroyers of cult images, 224–32, 258, 276 idol in Trier Altbachtal, 164, Fig 4.9 Greek and Roman views of. See Ethnographers: Mithraic, 138, 140 Greek and Roman three-horned, 107, 164 Bard of Paule, 59, Fig 2.12 Burgundy, 94–95 Bark of trees, 119 Burial mound. See Tumulus Barzan (Moulin de Fâ) 311n.102 Burial of cult images, 83, 253, 257, See also Rituals Base of closure for a cult image, 56, 61, 181–88, 268 Buste-socles, 59–63, 79, 91, 110, Fig 2.12 for an idol, 148–95, 202, 207, 213, 274 Butterstadt, 117, Fig 3.18 for tauroctonies, 177–81 of a Jupiter column. See Viergötterstein Caduceus, 92, 109, 131–32 of a statue, in an artwork, 278 Caesar, Julius, 21, 40–42, 44–46, 78, 132, 136 Batavian Revolt, 44 Caesarea (Cappodocia), 312n.22 Batavians, 42, 216n79 Caesarea Maritima, 317n.101 Bathing of idols, 203–5, 213, 218, 278 Caldinius Celsus, Q., 124, 128, 209, Fig 3.22 Baths, 101, 152, 177, 233 Calès-Mézin (Lot-et-Garonne), 268 Bauchhenß, Gerhard, 119 Calonna, 236 Baudry, Ferdinand, 263 camillus, 209 Bavilliers (Territoire de Belfort), 175, 275 Camillus, M. Furius, 33 Baynes, Norman H., 10 Capital Beck, Roger, 142, 177 of a Jupiter column, 117, 176, 228 Beer, as an offering to Mercury, 316n.76 of a pillar monument, 115 Behm-Blancke, Günter, 299n.126 statues on a Jupiter column, 115, 117–19, 228 Belief, in divinity of idols, 9–14 Capitoline Triad, 27 Benedict, saint, 239, 241, 260 Capitolium, 147 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48734-4 — Roman Cult Images Philip Kiernan Index More Information INDEX 349 Capua, 7, 9, 34 Composite armor, 51, 55–58, 63, 79, 110 Carmona, 122 Comte, August, 45 Carnyx, 67 Concordia Carrawburgh, 258 idol of, Rome, 147 Carthage, 318n.134 Consecrated images, 8, 17, 145, 269 Cassandra, 147 Consecration Cassiodorus, 233 of cult images, 16–17, 83, 188, 193 Castellana, Civita, Celle Sanctuary, 294n.17 Conservativism, in Roman religion, 25, 32 Castor and Pollux, 107, 113 Constantius Chlorus, 226 Cato the Elder, 30, 84 Constitution, imperial (AD 415), 233 Cauldron, 73, 100, 197, 225, See also Gundestrup Coralli, tribe, 304n.82 Cauldron Cori, Temple of the Dioscurii, 149 Cautes and Cautopates, 140, 179, 247–48 Corinth, 34, 243 Cave, Mithraic, 177 Cornucopia, 108, 122 Celsus, 269 Corpus Signorum Imperium Romanum, 85 Celtic renaissance, 144 Couches, 207, 214 Celts, 21–22 in Mithraea, 138, 181 language, 21 Council of Arles, second, 309n.59 Celto-Ligurians, 297n.94 Council of Nantes, 316n.57 Cenn Cruiach, 42 Council of Tours, 309n.59 Ceres, 30, 147 Coventina’s Well, 258 Cernunnos, 69, 100, 107–12, 189, 197, 244, Crain (Yonne), 156–58, 184, 192, Fig 4.4 278 Creolization, 88 Chaining of idols, 8, 193, 278 Crêt-Châtelard (Loire), 99, Fig 3.7 Chainmail armor, 57–58 Crevans (Haute-Saône), 155 Chamalières (Puy-de-Dôme), 95, 98 Crosses, carved into pagan images, 243 Chares the Lindian, 305n.116 Cross-legged posture, 51, 64, 67, 108–12, 223 Charlemagne, 233 Croxford, Ben, 253, 259 Châteaubleau (Seine-Maritime), 130 Cult image, as a term, 4 Châtillon-sur-Colmont (Mayenne), 301n.28 Cult statue, as a term, 4 Christians Curtains, 191 as destroyers of cult images, 232–55 in Mithraea, 181, 310n.85 on pagan belief in idols. See Belief, in divinity around Nerthus, 41 of idols Cussy-la-Colonne (Côte d’Or), 175 re-using pagan cult images, 255–57 worship and art, 194–95 Dalkingen, 229 Chrocus, 226 damnatio memoriae, 222, 255 Chryselephantine statues, 146, 274 Damona, 98 Cicero, 5, 14, 147, 200, 277 Danube River, 137 Circumambulation, 151, 158, 165, 173, 189–90, 275 darshan, 18, 148, 220, 278–79 Cisterns, 258 decem pagi, 314n.10 Clarus, saint, 315n.44 Déchelette, Joseph, 38, 42, 45 Clement of Alexandria, 10 Delphi, 27, 188 Coins Demons, 237, 240–43, 253, 262 as offerings, 95, 151, 158, 175, 202, 234, 250 Dendara, 243 as offerings to an idol, 61, 75, 78–79, 211–12 Dendrochronology, 75, 78, 97, 99 debasement of, 225 Deneuvre (Meurthe-et-Moselle), 133, 174, 184, hoards of, 224, 237 Fig 3.27, Fig 4.22 in wells, 226 Derks, Ton, 124, 127 collegia, 106, 181 Destruction Cologne, 120, 123, 231, 262, Fig 3.19 of cult images by Christians. See Christians Church of St. Ursula, 255 of Iron Age statues, intentional, 83 Widdersdorf, 258 Diana, 92–93, 147, 238, 245 Colossal statues, 17, 32, 130, 132, 149, 158, 192, 199, from Thun-Allmendingen, 267 274, 278 of Segesta, 5, 201 in Pliny, 130 on Aventine Hill, 28 Columbanus and Gallus, 239–41, 243, 248 Diana of Oberdorla, 70, 74 Commonicus, 237 Dieburg Mithraeum, 249 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48734-4 — Roman Cult Images Philip Kiernan Index More Information 350 INDEX Dieu d’Euffigneix. See Euffigneix Essarois (Côte-d’Or), 95 Diodorus Siculus, 40, 44 Estienne, Sylvie, 5, 8, 17, 193 Dioscuri. See Castor and Pollux Esus, 107 dis deabusque omnibus, 187 Ethnographers Divine images, as a term, 4 Greek and Roman, 37, 43 Divinity of idols. See Belief modern, 4, 14 Dodonna Etruscans, 28 Temple of Zeus, 91 Eucharius, bishop, 257 Dog Euergetism, 152 as an attribute, 122, 128 Euffigneix, 62–63, Fig 2.14 Mithraic, 138 Evander, 36 remains of, 263–64 evocatio, 8, 33–35, 193 Domburg (Holland), 123 Execution of idols, 267 Domitian, 44 Externalist strategy, for granting agency, 16 Donohue, Alice, 6 Eyes Donon (Grandfontaine/Michelbrunn, mutilation of, 243, 267 Bas-Rhin), 184 of Holzidole, 78 Doors of temples, 28, 148, 157, 165, 170, 188, ritual opening of, 24 190–91, 213, 275 Dorsuale, 164 Fabius Maximus, 34 Druids, 38, 230 Faces Durkheim, Émile, 15, 17 fragments
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    120 RES 57/58 SPRING/AUTUMN 2010 Figure 1. Restored Jupiter column, early third century A.D. Ladenburg. Lobdengau-Museum (with original crowning group of Jupiter and a giant). R. Wiegels, Lopodunum II: Inschriften und Kultdenkmäler aus dem römischen Ladenburg am Neckar (Stuttgart: Konrad Theiss Verlag, 2000), fig. 10a. A sacred landscape The creation, maintenance, and destruction of religious monuments in Roman Germany RACHEL KOUSSER In the second to early third centuries A.D., with the tended to focus on its creation, examining issues such as establishment of the first civilian administration and a the chronology, patronage, and artistic style of individual new, more defensible border on the Roman Empire’s monuments. My analysis is more broad-ranging, northwest frontier, the landscape of Roman Germany encompassing not simply the origins but also the was transformed (Rüger 2000; Sommer 1999). Cities, mutilation, renewal, and eventual destruction of sacred towns, and legionary camps were set up, a network of objects—in essence, their full “life cycle”3—as well as roads was cut, and new land cleared for farming. Nor their relation to one another and to the landscape as a was the religious dimension of the landscape neglected. whole. I draw on visual, epigraphic, and archaeological Rather, it was enhanced through the construction of new evidence to reconstruct, insofar as possible, the historical sacred monuments such as temples, shrines, and altars contexts in which such monuments were destroyed. In (Kuhnen 1996; Künzl 1982). This monumentalization
  • German Limes Road REMARKABLE RELICS of EARTHWORKS and OTHER MONUMENTS, RECONSTRUCTIONS and MUSEUMS

    German Limes Road REMARKABLE RELICS of EARTHWORKS and OTHER MONUMENTS, RECONSTRUCTIONS and MUSEUMS

    German Limes Road REMARKABLE RELICS OF EARTHWORKS AND OTHER MONUMENTS, RECONSTRUCTIONS AND MUSEUMS. THE GERMAN LIMES ROAD RUNS ALONG THE UPPER GERMAN-RAETIAN LIMES FROM BAD HÖNNINGEN /RHEINBROHL ON THE RHINE TO REGENSBURG ON THE DANUBE AS A TOURIST ROUTE. German Limes Road Dear Reader With this brochure we would like to invite you on a journey in the footsteps of the Romans along the Upper German-Raetian Limes recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage site. This journey has been made German Limes Road possible for you by the association “Verein Deutsche German Limes Cycleway Limes-Straße e.V.”, which has laid out not only the German Limes Trail German Limes Road but also the German Limes Cycle- way for you. In addition to this, we would also like to The Upper German-Raetian Limes, the former border of the Roman introduce you to the Limes Trail. Empire between the Rhine and the Danube, recognised today by UNESCO as a World Heritage site, can be explored not only by car, but also by bike The association in which 93 municipalities, administra- or on foot along fully signposted routes. tive districts and tourism communities have come together, aims at generating an awareness in public of The German Limes Road, the German Limes Cycleway and the German the Limes as an archaeological monument of world his- Limes Trail offer ideal conditions for an encounter with witnesses of an torical significance. With its activities based on sharing ancient past as well as for recreational activities in beautiful natural land - knowledge and marketing, it wants to raise interest for scapes.