EPiC Series in Engineering Engineering Volume 2, 2018, Pages 43{55 SUMO 2018- Simulating Autonomous and Intermodal Transport Systems Monaco SUMO Traffic (MoST) Scenario: A 3D Mobility Scenario for Cooperative ITS Lara CODECA´ 1 and J´er^omeHARRI¨ 1 EURECOM - Communication Systems Department 06904 Sophia-Antipolis, France [codeca, haerri]@eurecom.fr Abstract Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) are a viable solution when it comes to the optimization of the ever-growing population moving in the cities. C-ITS studies have to deal with telecommunications issues and location errors due to the urban environment, while keeping into account realistic mobility patterns. A detailed and state of the art scenario is complex to generate and validate. There is a trade-off between precision and scalability. Additionally, precise information may be problematic to obtain or use due to privacy issues. There are some general-purpose freely-available scenarios, but none of them provides a 3D environment with intermodal traffic. Nonetheless, the 3D environment is a requirement to have reliable C-ITS simulations in a realistic setting, and the importance of intermodal mobility cannot be overlooked in planning the future of smart cities. The Monaco SUMO Traffic (MoST) Scenario aims to provide a state of the art 3D playground with various kind of vehicles, vulnerable road users and public transports to test C-ITS solutions. This paper presents the data requirements, characteristics, possible use cases, and finally, the limitations of MoST Scenario. Keywords 3D Traffic Scenario, Intermodal Transport Planning, Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems 1 Introduction Our cities are complex systems in constant evolution. The information that is collected from various sources is enhancing our view and understanding of their dynamics. C-ITS are using mobility information from vehicles and vulnerable road users to improve traffic and the quality of life in the cities and their surroundings. This objective requires understanding not only of traffic flows theory and telecommunications, but also human behavior and social interactions. We are always looking for methods and tools to test theories and develop state of the art C-ITS protocols and applications, improving road traffic, safety, and security. Mobility patterns influence telecommunications in a critical way and they must be evaluated together to provide realistic and robust solutions. A simulation environment capable of providing an interactive smart city scenario has limitations and requirements coming from both mobility and E. Wießner, L. L¨ucken, R. Hilbrich, Y.-P. Fl¨otter¨od,J. Erdmann, L. Bieker-Walz and M. Behrisch (eds.), SUMO2018 (EPiC Series in Engineering, vol. 2), pp. 43{55 Monaco SUMO Traffic Scenario Codec´aand H¨arri telecommunication simulators, and their possible interaction. In literature we can find surveys such as [1] and [2] that are able to provide a good overview on the different mobility and network simulators available to the scientific community, with their pros and cons, depending on the task at hand. To appeal at the largest audience, we chose Simulator of Urban MObiltiy (SUMO) [3] as mobility simulator because its community is very active on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) topics and it provides a socket interface that allows easy communication with other sim- ulators. For example, OMNet++ and NS3 are network simulators widely used in the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) community, and they both can be interfaced with SUMO using respectively Vehicles in Network Simulation (VEINS) [4] and iTETRIS [5]. 1.1 C-ITS Requirements An interactive mobility scenario for C-ITS has to provide a complete playground that inte- grates different aspects. We need a multidimensional environment to work on geo-location and telecommunication aspects. It has to be highly populated, with congested traffic patterns to work on alternative and intermodal mobility optimizations. Last but not least, it has to be scalable and controllable. An environment able to provide all the above-mentioned features is the Principality of Monaco. The city itself covers an area of 2 km2 and the greater area (composed of French cities adjacent to Monaco) is about 70 km2. The size of the city provides a small and more controllable environment, reasonable to model with a microscopic mobility simulator. Some of the reasons why this kind of interactive mobility playground is important, are available at [6], but here we will discuss them further, explaining how the MoST Scenario is implemented and can be used. Mobility Traffic patterns in Monaco follow the typical behavior seen in many European capitals. Most of the people that work in the city are commuters and they live in the greater area, for both economical and logistic reasons. In the morning, there is a directional traffic congestion converging to city, and during the evening, the city experience a congested traffic outflow. Monaco is a well-organized city. In order to accommodate all the commuters, it provides many parking areas with a fairly developed public transports network. Nonetheless, the infrastructures in place are not able to alleviate traffic congestion during rush hours. Hence, Monaco city presents a perfect playground to study city-scale advanced parking management solutions, intermodal and alternative transport modes applications. Territory Monaco is built on the mountains' slope, facing the Mediterranean sea. Like many coastal cities close to a mountain region, it has a layered topology full of tunnels and bridges. These features present a multidimensional environment more realistic compared to a flat surface. This kind of topology allows the study of precise positioning and three-dimensional propagation models, and their impact on C-ITS. Additionally, these multidimensional features, in conjunction with realistic emission models, can be useful in studying eco-routing based on different factors, such as energy consumption and/or environmental impact. Pedestrians Tourism in Monaco is an important source of revenue. On top of the pedestrian commuters that are headed to work, there are waves of tourists that reach the city mainly by tour buses and public transports. A large scale mobility scenario able to integrate vulnerable users, can be locally coupled with specific crowds and multi-agents simulators (e.g.: Menge 44 Monaco SUMO Traffic Scenario Codec´aand H¨arri Crowd Simulator [7]), that given their complexity, would not be otherwise scalable over an entire city. In the following sections, we are going to provide detailed information on the MoST Scenario, its features, possible use cases, and the road ahead, with the future work. The MoST Scenario is freely available to the community under GPLv3 license. It can be downloaded from https://github.com/lcodeca/MoSTScenario. 2 Related Works Discussing the state of the art on the mobility scenarios, we decided to focus only on the one available for SUMO. Cologne One of the most cited mobility scenario for sumo is the TAPAS Cologne [8] Scenario, which includes road networks imported from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and two possible traffic demands: one from 6:00 to 8:00 in the morning, and the other over 24 hours. Unfortunately, this scenario is cumbersome and requires additional work to improve the network quality, to verify how routes are mapped onto both the network and the traffic demand. Additionally, the buildings definition is not meant for a network simulator, making it not directly usable in C-ITS simulations. Bologna A realistic traffic scenario from the city of Bologna [9, 10], and built in the iTETRIS [5] framework, provides a very good starting point for the community, but it has some limita- tions. The traffic demand is only defined over one hour, and the size of the scenario, which is relatively small, provides only one neighborhood. In this setting, the elevation does not matter, given that the modeled area is flat. Austria On a completely different scale, the ITS Austria West scenario [11] presents a real life traffic monitoring system that uses a mesoscopic version of SUMO [12]. This scenario is a very good example of the effort required to build and maintain a large scale traffic scenario. The project monitors an infrastructure with around 245,000 nodes and 320,000 edges with a total length of 27,000 km. They have five different traffic information sources providing floating car data and a traffic demand model for the simulation of 1.2 million routes and 1.6 million vehicles. Unfortunately this scenario is not freely available to the community as it relies on proprietary information. Nonetheless, it is a very good example of the performances capabilities of SUMO. Luxembourg From the country of Luxembourg two possible scenarios are available. VehiLux [13] is a general purpose scenario that presents the same issues as TAPAS Cologne. Additionally, the scenario has been discontinued. More recently, the Luxembourg SUMO Traffic (LuST) Scenario [14] has been created with the focus on C-ITS and telecommunications. The LuST Scenario is based on the same tools and sources of information used by VehiLux, but it has been fine tuned and hand-checked in order to provide realistic and reliable data. And finally, the mobility has been enhanced and validated. Although this scenario is widely used in VANET simulations, it does not provide any elevation information and the multimodal capabilities are only partial, focusing only on vehicles and not pedestrians. 45 Monaco SUMO Traffic Scenario Codec´aand H¨arri At the best of our knowledge, MoST Scenario is the first freely-available mobility scenario with elevation information for streets and buildings, and fully functional intermodal mobility for pedestrian. 3 Monaco SUMO Traffic Scenario Features The initial dataset is extracted from OSM and it provides many of the data required to build the scenario. OSM is a collection of crowd-sourced information and the accuracy is not always consistent [15]. A more detailed version of the geographical information is extracted from the Institut G´eographiqueNational (IGN)1 BD TOPO R database under the ISNPIRE licence2.