DOCSLIB.ORG

Cuneiform Digital Library Preprints <

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cuneiform Digital Library Preprints < Cuneiform Digital Library Preprints <http://cdli.ucla.edu/?q=cuneiform-digital-library-preprints> Hosted by the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (<http://cdli.ucla.edu>) Editor: Bertrand Lafont (CNRS, Nanterre) Number 12 Title: Sargonic Names in the Diyala Region and Beyond Author: Paolo Gentili Posted to web: 6 February 2018 (date of compilation: 2008) Sargonic Names in the Diyala Region and Beyond Paolo Gentili §0. Introduction1 terms of personal names and chronology.4 §0.1. In this study we should approach two main research questions. First, it is intended to provide a general frame- §0.2. All the above-mentioned cities have been, to a work for the Old Akkadian onomasticon. Secondly, it greater or lesser extent, involved in the shaping of Meso- is necessary to inquire about a number of specifi c issues, potamian history. Some (especially Tell Asmar/Ešnunna) as, for example, the geographical scope of the Diyāla re- gained important roles in the socio-political framework gion. What exactly is meant by the region of the “Diyāla of the region. Th e Old Akkadian Onomatology Database river”? From the point of view of this study the Diyāla is based on the texts found in these cities during archaeo- region can be perceived in a wider scope. Starting from logical work, or on texts that can be assigned to them, but modern Baghdad at the convergence of the Tigris river, lack any provenience. the Diyāla region extended towards the East, and North- East, to Sulaimanija, along the ancient Durul (the present §0.3. A further issue entails the chronology of the Diyāla Diyāla) river. Strictly speaking, that is not part of Meso- region. Th e Old Akkadian period as defi ned by the us- potamia anymore, if considered in its literal meaning age of Old Akkadian writing, can widely be defi ned as “between the rivers”; nonetheless, in terms of its cultural running from the earliest period of Mesopotamian his- scope it fully belonged to it. Among the cities known tory down to the end of the Ur III dynasty; in the middle from the Old Akkadian period are Tell Harmal (ancient chronology that would encompass the second half of the Šaduppûm), Ishchali (Nērebtum), Khafajah (Tutub), Tell third millennium to the very beginning of the second. Dhiba’i (Zaralulu), Tell Asmar (Ešnunna), and Tell Es- However, from both a linguistic and an epigraphic point Sib/Haddad (Mê-Turān). To these cities one should add of view, it should be divided into three distinct periods: another site, Tell Suleimah,2 whose ruins lie not far from Pre-Sargonic (until Lugalzagesi), classical Sargonic (in- Tell Asmar (no more than 50 km north-east), but which cluding the beginnings of the Akkadian Dynasty under belongs to a diff erent geographical region, the Himrin.3 Sargon), and fi nally the Ur III period.5 Nevertheless, judging from the database of names the lat- ter showed clear affi nity to the settlements of the Diyala §0.4. Since many of the texts quoted in this study are region. Th is addition may provide a structural compari- unprovenanced, they cannot easily be exploited in terms son of the two areas in question and allow for a northeast- of geography or chronology. In such cases these texts are ern perspective that is still in need of more clarifi cation in attributed based on epigraphic and linguistic criteria; further studies will enrich our understanding of Old Ak- kadian epigraphy and linguistics. A majority of the texts, 1 Th e data for this study derives from the author’s Old Ak- kadian Onomatology Database. 4 From an archaeological point of view, a link between 2 Th ere is no agreement on the ancient name of Tell Sulei- these two areas has been proposed by McGuire Gibson; mah (Awal, Batir or GA.BA/Dūrum?). For a discussion see Gibson 1981 and further studies quoted below. see a forthcoming study by the author. In the meantime 5 I follow here Gelb 1952: 1. For a general dating of the pe- note, in particular, Visicato 1999; Rasheed 1981a and riod to 2300-2150 B.C. see Foster 1982: 299; see further Rasheed 1981b. Hilgert 2003: 1ff . and note McMahon 2006: 4 for a more 3 See Gentili 2002: 145, note 39, with previous literature. general defi nition of the period. page 2 however, may be assigned with some confi dence to the _ A bowl inscription of the Akkadian king Narām-Sîn16 classical Sargonic stage of the Old Akkadian period.6 found in the Akkadian levels of the Oval Temple.17 Th erefore, all the texts under consideration here will be Th e text just mentions the king’s name. referred to as ‘Sargonic’. §1.3. Tell Asmar §1.1. Historical data Th e ancient city of Ešnunna yielded the following text In terms of historical facts, very little is known about the fi nds: Diyala region during the Sargonic period. We owe that _ A doubtful date formula of king Šarkališarri (MAD I fact to the preponderance of administrative records. In 305).18 order to proceed with an investigation of the socio-his- _ A seal impression of an unknown offi cial dating to the torical documentation the fi rst step will be to determine last Akkadian ruler Šū-Durul.19 the provenience of the documents. Th is is easily done _ A text from the antiquities market mentioning a ruler when stratigraphic information is available, less so with of Ešnunna that can be attributed to the Akkadian texts acquired on the antiquities market. dynasty. Th orkild Jacobsen20 read the ruler’s name ‘Enbiq-Îaniš, išakku of Ešnunna’21 (in contrast to §1.2. Khafajah Lutz22). We have stratigraphic information about the subsequent _ A school text23 with a copy of a legend that was attrib- text fi nds from Khafajah: uted to the Akkadian king Narām-Sîn by by Gelb and _ Two royal inscriptions of Rîmuš either on a vase or Kienast.24 Th e text mentions IpÌur-Kiš and his rise to fragments.7 Th ey were found not far from the Sîn kingship, the king of Ur Lugal-ane, as well as a speci- temple and date to the (early?)8 Akkadian levels of the fi ed ‘Urukean.’25 Oval Temple.9 Th e texts mention the conquest and the booty of Elam and Parāšum.10 §1.4. Tell Suleimah _ Fragment of an inscription of the same king found on Th e administrative texts of Tell Suleimah mention 11 a calcite vase fragment. Its fi nd spot belongs to the an ENSI2 without providing a clear chronological same level as the other Rîmuš inscriptions.12 framework:26 _ A seal mentioning king Šarkališarri possibly on a 16 mace-head that belong to an unknown offi cial.13 Kh II 79 = Frayne 1997: E2.1.4.40 (bibliography). _ An inscription of an unknown king14 from a vase 17 K 45, Oval III. 15 found in the Akkadian levels of the Oval Temple. 18 A 7844 = Gelb 1961: 204, 2b; Th is text is not included in Th e inscription presumably mentions the city Akkad. the present list, because the reading off ered by Gelb is not complete. Another date formula of this king is attestation in a document from Tell Agrab: MAD 1 268. 6 Th e database off ers the fi eld “Notes,” which on the one hand informs about date and provenance of a given text 19 As 31:627 (TA 701) = Frayne 1997: E2.1.11.2002 (bib- and provide bibliographical information on the other. In liography). See Gibson 1982: 533: House IVa, Akkadian the case of Tell Suleimah it should be noted that the tex- level. tual record originates from level IV, which reaches deep 20 into the Old Akkadian layer. For a superfi cial dating of Jacobsen 1934: 2, 2° and note 3 and Lutz 1928: note 83 the economic texts see Gelb 1952: 7, note 4. rev.iii 42-46 (quoted in Gelb 1961: 10 d). 21 En-bí-iq-d3a-ni-iš . For the correct spelling of Ešnunna in 7 Kh II 94 and Kh I 381, edited as E2.1.2.15 in Frayne 4 1997, with bibliography (but corrected to Kh I 381). this inscription see also Jacobsen 1934: 1. 22 8 As discussed below, “early” does seem inappropriate based EN NE.GÁL d3a-ni-gè. on the modifi cations done to Gibson’s chronological table. 23 TA 1931,729 (from house XIX Sect. H/J of Stratum 9 K 45-2 (top layer) and K 45, Oval III. IVb): Frayne 1997: E2.1.4.7, with bibliography. 24 10 For the chronological attribution of the fi nds see Frank- Gelb and Kienast 1990: 272-3, Narāmsîn C 15. fort 1934: 68. 25 For a fi rst chronological framework see Frankfort 1934: 11 Kh II 104 = Frayne 1997: E2.1.2.20, ex.4 (bibliography). 2ff . (included in Gibson’s article). 26 12 J 45-2, Oval III. Evidence may be found on a local level for the Old Baby- lonian period, for which relations are attested to cities 13 A 7162, unpublished. quoted in the lists from Tell Suleimah and other local sites, as Mê-Turān (see my work about Tell Suleimah 14 Kh II 162 = Frayne 1997: E2.0.0.1008 (bibliography). mentioned in note 1). McMahon 2006, 3, note 3 states: 15 K 45, Oval III. “…excavations at ….. Tell Sleima ….. have produced mate- page 3 _ Belili is mentioned in the total of an account of fi eld some workers and offi cials from an uncertain place in quantities as ENSI2 of an unknown locality; the text the Diyala area.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cuneiform Digital Library Preprints <
    Cuneiform Digital Library Preprints <http://cdli.ucla.edu/?q=cuneiform-digital-library-preprints> Hosted by the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (<http://cdli.ucla.edu>) Editor: Bertrand Lafont (CNRS, Nanterre) Number 6 Title: „Nachdem das Königtum vom Himmel herabgekommen war…“. Untersuchungen zur Sumerischen Königliste. Author: Jörg Kaula Posted to web: 21 November 2016 „NACHDEM DAS KÖNIGTUM VOM HIMMEL HERABGEKOMMEN WAR…“ Untersuchungen zur Sumerischen Königsliste Von Jörg Kaula 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Die Tonprismen der Weld-Blundell-Collection im Ashmolean Museum in Oxford 5 2 Königslisten in der Keilschriftliteratur 6 3 Die Sumerische Königsliste 7 3.1 Die „antediluvian section“ 11 3.2 Die Ur – Isin-Königsliste 12 3.3 Der Kern der Sumerischen Königsliste 12 4 Die SKL in der Forschung 14 5 Die Bedeutung der Zahlen 17 6 Das Umfeld und der Sinn der SKL 22 7 Das Königtum 23 8 Die Genesis der SKL von Naram-Sîn bis zu den Königen von Isin 24 9 Die Rekonstruktion des Weld-Blundell-Prismas 26 10 Die Sumerische Königliste – Transliteration 28 11 Deutsche Übersetzung 44 12 Kommentar zur Rekonstruktionsfassung 54 13 Literaturverzeichnis 69 4 Abstract The duration of the First Dynasty of Kish, 24510 years as provided by the Sumerian King List (SKL), is generally held as a purely mythical account without any historical reliability. However, a careful examination of the SKL’s most complete version in the Weld-Blundell Prism (Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, inv. no.WB. 1923.444) not only allows us to reconstruct the text itself by completing lost parts by some other recently published versions of the SKL. Also we get some further insight into the metrological system used by the authors of the SKL.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sumerian King List the Sumerian King List (SKL) Dates from Around 2100 BCE—Near the Time When Abram Was in Ur
    BcResources Genesis The Sumerian King List The Sumerian King List (SKL) dates from around 2100 BCE—near the time when Abram was in Ur. Most ANE scholars (following Jacobsen) attribute the original form of the SKL to Utu-hejel, king of Uruk, and his desire to legiti- mize his reign after his defeat of the Gutians. Later versions included a reference or Long Chronology), 1646 (Middle to the Great Flood and prefaced the Chronology), or 1582 (Low or Short list of postdiluvian kings with a rela- Chronology). The following chart uses tively short list of what appear to be the Middle Chronology. extremely long-reigning antediluvian Text. The SKL text for the following kings. One explanation: transcription chart was originally in a narrative form or translation errors resulting from and consisted of a composite of several confusion of the Sumerian base-60 versions (see Black, J.A., Cunningham, and the Akkadian base-10 systems G., Fluckiger-Hawker, E, Robson, E., of numbering. Dividing each ante- and Zólyomi, G., The Electronic Text diluvian figure by 60 returns reigns Corpus of Sumerian Literature (http:// in harmony with Biblical norms (the www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/), Oxford bracketed figures in the antediluvian 1998-). The text was modified by the portion of the chart). elimination of manuscript references Final versions of the SKL extended and by the addition of alternative the list to include kings up to the reign name spellings, clarifying notes, and of Damiq-ilicu, king of Isin (c. 1816- historical dates (typically in paren- 1794 BCE). thesis or brackets). The narrative was Dates.
    [Show full text]
  • {PDF} Ancient Civilizations the Near East and Mesoamerica 2Nd Edition
    ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS THE NEAR EAST AND MESOAMERICA 2ND EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK C C Lamberg-Karlovsky | 9780881338348 | | | | | Ancient Civilizations The near East and Mesoamerica 2nd edition PDF Book Thanks to their artwork, we have a very good idea of how they looked: men of short stature, but with muscular bodies, that shaved their faces and heads. Their known homeland was centred on Subartu , the Khabur River valley, and later they established themselves as rulers of small kingdoms throughout northern Mesopotamia and Syria. Add to Wishlist. They are the most striking constructions in their monumental funerary complex, the position of which symbolized the journey of the deceased ruler to the western realm of the dead. The River Nile was the center of Egyptian life. Rating details. Later dynasties promoted the worship of Ra, the solar god who ruled the world. Deanne rated it really liked it Feb 15, Scholars even have used the term 'Aramaization' for the Assyro-Babylonian peoples' languages and cultures, that have become Aramaic-speaking. Laurelyn Anne added it Oct 23, It has Nefertiti on the front, need I say more? Luwian was also the language spoken in the Neo-Hittite states of Syria , such as Melid and Carchemish , as well as in the central Anatolian kingdom of Tabal that flourished around BC. Priests were seers who predicted the future, acted as oracles, explained dreams, and offered sacrifices. The great Sumerian invention was cuneiform writing, which made it possible to share their thoughts and the events that affected them with future generations. A'annepada Meskiagnun Elulu Balulu. Rick rated it it was amazing Oct 19, Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt Achaemenid conquest of Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case System of West-Semitized Amarna Akkadian
    THE CASE SYSTEM OF WEST-SEMITIZED AMARNA AKKADIAN MAARTEN KOSSMANN (LEIDEN) In describing Amarna Akkadian1), most authors have laid emphasis on the analysis of the verbal System. This is not at all surprising because the system is totally different from the one we find m Standard Akkadian and clearly reflects the West-Semitic system. As short final vowels are preserved in Amarna Akkadian, and so the original tense-aspect distinctions, the language is of vital importance m the reconstruction of Proto-West-Semitic. It is remarkable that hardly any work has been done on the case system. Apart from a few brief observations by Böhl and Dhorme2) and a few loose remarks in articles pnmarily dealing with other subjects, philological or linguistic3) or describing the entire grammar of one subcorpus4), no endeavour has, as far as I am aware, been made to analyse the case system. This is regrettable because from what we know of the verbal system we may assume that in Amarna Akkadian the case system too reflects West-Semitic usage to some extent. In Proto-West-Semitic, case was expressed mainly by short final vowels. Together with Ugaritic, Amarna Akkadian seems to show the most ancient West-Semitic case system attested. The Amarna Akkadian evidence is far more vaned and philologically far less complicated than the Ugaritic evidence, where we must inevitably confme ourselves to IH'-nouns. ') I am mdebted to Dr W H van Soldt and to Professor Dr F H H Kortlandt for readme H commentmg on an earher version of this article and to Dr G L van Dnem for correctmg
    [Show full text]
  • A Neo-Assyrian Legal Document from Tell Sitak
    Offprint from At the Dawn of History Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honour of J. N. Postgate Volume 1 edited by YAğmUR HEFFRON, ADAM STONE, and MARTIN WORTHINGTON Winona Lake, Indiana EISENBRAUNS 2017 Copyright © 2017 Eisenbrauns Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. www.eisenbrauns.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Heffron, Yağmur, editor. | Stone, Adam, 1981– editor. | Worthington, Martin, editor. | Postgate, J. N., honoree. Title: At the Dawn of History : Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honour of J.N. Postgate / edited by Yağmur Heffron, Adam Stone, and Martin Worthington. Description: Winona Lake, Indiana : Eisenbrauns, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references. | Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed. Identifiers: LCCN 2016049835 (print) | LCCN 2016049136 (ebook) | ISBN 9781575064741 (ePDF 2-volume set) | ISBN 9781575064710 (cloth, set 2 volumes : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781575064727 (volume 1 : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781575064734 (volume 2 : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Iraq—Civilization—To 634. | Iraq—History—To 634. | Iraq— Antiquities. | Civilization, Assyro-Babylonian. | Akkadian language—Texts. Classification: LCC DS69.5 (print) | LCC DS69.5 .A86 2017 (ebook) | DDC 935—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016049835 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.♾™ Contents Volume 1 Editors’ Preface . ix Nicholas Postgate’s Publications . xiii A Fragment of a Stele from Umma . 1 LAMIA AL-GAILANI WERR In the Shade of the Assyrian Orchards . 7 MARIE-FRANÇOISE BESNIER The Šu-Suen Year 9 sa2-du11 ku5-ra2 Flour Dossier from Puzriš-Dagan .
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Tell Al-Imsihly: the 2000 and 2001 Seasons Hafiz Hussein Al-Hayyany, Qaiss Hussein Rasheed, Hussein Ali Hamza, and Mark Altaweel
    Report on Tell al-Imsihly: The 2000 and 2001 Seasons Hafiz Hussein Al-Hayyany, Qaiss Hussein Rasheed, Hussein Ali Hamza, and Mark Altaweel Introduction a ,(تل (الامسيحليThis article summarizes two seasons of excavations at Tell al-Imsihly prehistoric site nearly 5 kilometers south of Assur. Archaeological excavations were conducted by Iraq’s State Board of Antiquities and Heritage (SBAH) over a period of two seasons starting in April 2000 and ending in late 2001. Iraqi archaeologists working at Assur were put in charge of investigating the site. Due to damage and incursions on the site from plowing and earthmoving activities, the goals of SBAH’s excavations were to obtain an idea of settlement chronology and activity within and just outside of Tell al-Imsihly. In 2006-2007, Dr. Altaweel collaborated with the Iraqi archaeologists who had excavated the site in order to assist in interpreting some of the archaeological data as well as publication of the excavations to a wide audience. Some original items and records from the excavations are not currently available, and perhaps lost, but the archaeological report compiled by Mr. Hamza and written in Arabic remains. In addition, many of the ceramic drawings and excavation photographs have survived. The data presented by the Arabic report are the basis of the presentation to follow, although some additional details have been provided by Altaweel. Site Background Tell al-Imsihly is located on the west bank of the Tigris along Wadi al-Imsihly, a wadi that flows north to south. Wadi al-Imsihly flows into Wadi al-Shbabit, which is a wadi that flows into the Tigris from west to east.
    [Show full text]
  • Rib-Hadda, Le Roi De Byblos Qui Ne Ment Pas
    RIB-HADDA, LE ROI DE BYBLOS QUI NE MENT PAS PAR J. ELAYI Chercheur honoraire, UMR 7192, CNRS, Paris « Avec ma bouche, je dis au Roi des paroles qui ne sont que la vérité (pu-iaa-wa-teMEŠ aq-bua-našar-ri ki-ta-ma) », écrit Rib-Hadda, roi de Byblos, au pharaon1. Sur les 382 textes du Bronze récent qui subsistent du corpus d’El-Amarna (Akhetaton) en Égypte, près de 70 lettres ont été envoyées par le roi de Byblos pendant une douzaine d’années, autour de 1350 avant notre ère2. Ses premières lettres sont adressées au pharaon Amenhotep III, puis au pharaon Amenhotep IV / Akhenaton (1353-1336)3, ou à des fonctionnaires égyptiens4. Sa correspondance se divise en gros en trois parties : la première est contemporaine de ‘Abdi-Aširta d’Amurru (EA 68-95), la deuxième correspond à la première partie du règne d’Aziru d’Amurru (EA 101-134 et 362) et la troisième date de l’exil de Rib-Hadda 1 EA 107, 10-11. Ki-ta-ma est un accusatif adverbial selon A.F. Rainey, Canaanitein theAmarnaTablets.ALinguisticAnalysisoftheMixedDialectusedbytheScribesfrom Canaan. Vol. I, Leiden etal., 1996, p. 169 (« truthfully »). Rib-Hadda, « compensation de Haddu », est orthographié de plusieurs manières dans cette correspondance : Rib-Hadda, Rib-Addi, Rib-Addu, Rib-Eddi ; voir R.S. Hess, AmarnaPersonalNames, Winona Lake, 1993, p. 132-134, n° 140, ri-ib-ad-di. 2 J.A. Knudtzon, Die El-Amarna-Tafeln, Leipzig, 1907-1915 (réimprimé : Aalen, 1964) ; R.F. Youngblood, TheAmarnaCorrespondenceofRib-Haddi,PrinceofByblos (EA68-96), Dropsie College, 1961 ; A.S. Rainey, ElAmarnaTablets359-379.Supplement toJ.A.Knudtzon,DieEl-Amarna-Tafeln, Neukirchen-Vluyn, 19782 ; W.L.
    [Show full text]
  • Eva Von Dassow, 'Canaanite in Cuneiform'
    Canaanite in Cuneiform Author(s): Eva von Dassow Source: Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 124, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 2004), pp. 641- 674 Published by: American Oriental Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4132111 Accessed: 28/01/2010 05:01 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=aos. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. American Oriental Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of the American Oriental Society. http://www.jstor.org Canaanite in Cuneiform EVA VON DASSOW UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA It has become a truism that Akkadian, the principal Semitic language of ancient Mesopo- tamia, was the lingua franca of the Near East during the second millennium B.C.E.
    [Show full text]
  • "Oval" Temples in Southern Mesopotamia
    Dorota Ławecka Early Dynastic "Oval" Temples in Southern Mesopotamia Światowit : rocznik poświęcony archeologii przeddziejowej i badaniom pierwotnej kultury polskiej i słowiańskiej 9 (50)/A, 35-47 2011 Ś wiATowiT · IX (L)/A · 2011 D o r o t a L a w e c k a E a r l y D y n a s t i c “ O v a l ” T e m p l e s in S o u t h e r n M e s o p o t a m i a Three sanctuaries surrounded by an oval perimeter The spot, where the temple was erected, had been wall and dating from tire Early Dynastic Period are known carefully prepared, with a large expenditure of work. The from Southern Mesopotamia.1 One (at Khafajah) is locat­ nearly oval temenos is enclosed with a double line of walls. ed in die Diyala Valley, die remaining two have been dis­ A courtyard stretches between the two walls, near to the covered at die southern sites of Al-Ubaid and Al-Hiba. entrance into the sacred precinct; a house located there Due to their general similarity, these structures are often (called “House D”) is interpreted by P. Delougaz as tire seen and discussed as a single type or interpreted as the dwelling of a priest. The surface of the courtyard raises ca. upshot of a common Mesopotamian tradition of religious 0.7 m above the surrounding ground, so it is accessed via architecture. In bodi case, emphasis is laid on the similari­ four stone steps.
    [Show full text]
  • The Melammu Project
    THE MELAMMU PROJECT http://www.aakkl.helsinki.fi/melammu/ “The King, the Emperor, and the Empire. Continuity and Discontinuity of Royal Representation in Text and Image” JOAN WESTENHOLZ Published in Melammu Symposia 1: Sanno Aro and R. M. Whiting (eds.), The Heirs of Assyria. Proceedings of the Opening Symposium of the Assyrian and Babylonian Intellectual Heritage Project. Held in Tvärminne, Finland, October 8-11, 1998 (Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project 2000), pp. 99-125. Publisher: http://www.helsinki.fi/science/saa/ This article was downloaded from the website of the Melammu Project: http://www.aakkl.helsinki.fi/melammu/ The Melammu Project investigates the continuity, transformation and diffusion of Mesopotamian culture throughout the ancient world. A central objective of the project is to create an electronic database collecting the relevant textual, art-historical, archaeological, ethnographic and linguistic evidence, which is available on the website, alongside bibliographies of relevant themes. In addition, the project organizes symposia focusing on different aspects of cultural continuity and evolution in the ancient world. The Digital Library available at the website of the Melammu Project contains articles from the Melammu Symposia volumes, as well as related essays. All downloads at this website are freely available for personal, non-commercial use. Commercial use is strictly prohibited. For inquiries, please contact [email protected]. WESTENHOLZ T HE KING, THE EMPEROR, AND THE EMPIRE JOAN W ESTENHOLZ Jerusalem The King, the Emperor, and the Empire: Continuity and Discontinuity of Royal Representation in Text and Image * Empires in the Ancient World he concept of empire relates to a made by kings as diverse as Šamši-Adad I period when disparate geographical of Assyria (1813-1781) and Nabonidus, the Tterritories are united under one re- last Babylonian king (555-539).
    [Show full text]
  • N42.27-Sintesi Preistorica E Schizzo Assiriologico Tomo II
    2 No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm and by other means, without written permission from the publisher. 8 by CESHE (Belgium) 1995 che ha dato autorizzazione temporanea a Rosanna Breda, in data 5 aprile 1995, di pubblicare, sotto questa forma, la presente opera in lingua italiana 11 novembre 2010 3 SOMMARIO Avvertenze 4 I PATRIARCHI BIBLICI ANTIDILUVIANI 5 Genesi III, 1 6 Genesi IV, 16 10 Genesi IV, 15 11 Le età dei Patriarchi 11 Genesi IV, 26 12 Genesi V, 24 13 Genesi V, 28 15 Genesi IV, 17 15 Genesi IV, 23 17 Genesi IV, 20 19 Genesi IV, 21 19 Genesi IV, 22 21 Genealogia cainita 22 GLI SCAVI MESOPOTAMICI 24 Cronologia post diluviana rettificata 44 I PRIMI RE DELLE LISTE BABILONESI 45 Liste di Beròso; la W.B. 62; la W.B. 444 45 La morte di Abele per Caino (Genesi IV, 7) 54 I PRIMI RE DELLA LISTA ASSIRA 59 I PRIMI REAMI DEL MONDO 62 PERIODO POST DILUVIANO 66 LA PRIMA ESTENSIONE DELL'UMANITÀ POST DILUVIANA 68 Genesi XI, 2 70 I PRIMI RE CAMITI (prima della Dispersione) 72 Genesi X, 8 87 LE SECONDE DINASTIE CALDEE 95 Genesi X, 8-9 97 Tabella riassuntiva 114 LE TERZE DINASTIE CALDEE 115 Tavola riassuntiva 134 IL SEGUITO DELLE DINASTIE BABILONESI 137 I RE D' ASSIRIA 147 GIRO D' ORIZZONTE RETROSPETTIVO 168 BIBLIOGRAFIA 171 4 AVVERTENZA In questa opera, Fernand Crombette continua quello che aveva cominciato alla fine del primo volume: svelarci quella che ancor'oggi si chiama PREISTORIA, cioè gli inizi del- la storia umana.
    [Show full text]
  • Eblaites - Oxford Reference
    Eblaites - Oxford Reference https://www-oxfordreference-com.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/view/10.10... The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East Edited by Eric M. Meyers Publisher: Oxford University Press Print Publication Date: 1997 Print ISBN-13: 9780195065121 Published online: 2011 Current Online Version: 2011 eISBN: 9780199892280 Eblaites. Scholars utilize the ethnonym Eblaites to refer to the people of Ebla, a major Bronze Age city-state in northern Syria. Discussions about the identity of peoples, especially in the Near East, typically rely on factors such as the identification of the language utilized and the gods worshiped. Thus, because the eblaite language is Semitic and many of the gods worshiped at Ebla occur elsewhere in the pantheons of other Semitic peoples, it is generally accepted that the Eblaites were a Semitic people. However, a host of problems specific to refining this statement continues to be debated. The classification of the Eblaite language within the Semitic family of languages is the center of a sharp debate. Some scholars view Eblaite as a dialect of Old Akkadian, in which case it would be proper to speak of the Eblaites as a branch of the East Semites (Akkadians, Assyrians, and Babylonians). Other scholars view Eblaite as a branch of West Semitic, with an especially close relationship to other West Semitic languages utilized in Syria (in particular, the roughly contemporary Amorite and the later-attested Aramaic). The majority of the evidence favors the latter opinion. To cite one example, the Eblaite first-person independent pronoun I is 'ana, exactly as in Amorite and Aramaic.
    [Show full text]