A Neo-Assyrian Legal Document from Tell Sitak
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Report on Tell Al-Imsihly: the 2000 and 2001 Seasons Hafiz Hussein Al-Hayyany, Qaiss Hussein Rasheed, Hussein Ali Hamza, and Mark Altaweel
Report on Tell al-Imsihly: The 2000 and 2001 Seasons Hafiz Hussein Al-Hayyany, Qaiss Hussein Rasheed, Hussein Ali Hamza, and Mark Altaweel Introduction a ,(تل (الامسيحليThis article summarizes two seasons of excavations at Tell al-Imsihly prehistoric site nearly 5 kilometers south of Assur. Archaeological excavations were conducted by Iraq’s State Board of Antiquities and Heritage (SBAH) over a period of two seasons starting in April 2000 and ending in late 2001. Iraqi archaeologists working at Assur were put in charge of investigating the site. Due to damage and incursions on the site from plowing and earthmoving activities, the goals of SBAH’s excavations were to obtain an idea of settlement chronology and activity within and just outside of Tell al-Imsihly. In 2006-2007, Dr. Altaweel collaborated with the Iraqi archaeologists who had excavated the site in order to assist in interpreting some of the archaeological data as well as publication of the excavations to a wide audience. Some original items and records from the excavations are not currently available, and perhaps lost, but the archaeological report compiled by Mr. Hamza and written in Arabic remains. In addition, many of the ceramic drawings and excavation photographs have survived. The data presented by the Arabic report are the basis of the presentation to follow, although some additional details have been provided by Altaweel. Site Background Tell al-Imsihly is located on the west bank of the Tigris along Wadi al-Imsihly, a wadi that flows north to south. Wadi al-Imsihly flows into Wadi al-Shbabit, which is a wadi that flows into the Tigris from west to east. -
Observations on Diplomatics, Tablet Layout and Cultural Evolution of the Early Third Millennium: the Archaic Texts from Ur
Camille Lecompte Observations on Diplomatics, Tablet Layout and Cultural Evolution of the Early Third Millennium: The Archaic Texts from Ur 1 Introduction The Early Dynastic (ED) I–II period (ca. 2950–2650 BC), although crucial to our under- standing of Mesopotamian history, is poorly documented, since no more than five hundred cuneiform tablets have been discovered as of yet.1 The main textual corpus consists of 403 tablets uncovered by L. Woolley in the Royal Cemetery of Ur;2 around 25 tablets from Uruk, later than the archaic documents and contemporary with the texts from Ur;3 further tablets which may have originated in Umma, Nippur, Kiš or be of unknown provenance;4 and finally, some of the so-called archaic kudurru: these latter may indeed be later than the Late Uruk period, to which they were dated by the authors of ELTS.5 ED I–II texts are characterized by the first clear occurrences of the Sumerian language and by a use of writing similar to that of the Fara scripts.6 On the other hand, these texts still display archaic features, such as the numerical system, which confirm that “they are intermediate in character between the collec- tions of Jemdet Nasr and Fara”.7 Thus, to better estimate the cultural significance of the ED I–II documents, it is helpful to examine not only philological data, but also the “material” features, which are the main topic of this paper. Diplomatics does not merely form an extraneous framework to writing. It is also a part of its essence, notably because any written sentence is embedded in a “material” I would like to express my gratitude to Kamran V. -
Eblaites - Oxford Reference
Eblaites - Oxford Reference https://www-oxfordreference-com.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/view/10.10... The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East Edited by Eric M. Meyers Publisher: Oxford University Press Print Publication Date: 1997 Print ISBN-13: 9780195065121 Published online: 2011 Current Online Version: 2011 eISBN: 9780199892280 Eblaites. Scholars utilize the ethnonym Eblaites to refer to the people of Ebla, a major Bronze Age city-state in northern Syria. Discussions about the identity of peoples, especially in the Near East, typically rely on factors such as the identification of the language utilized and the gods worshiped. Thus, because the eblaite language is Semitic and many of the gods worshiped at Ebla occur elsewhere in the pantheons of other Semitic peoples, it is generally accepted that the Eblaites were a Semitic people. However, a host of problems specific to refining this statement continues to be debated. The classification of the Eblaite language within the Semitic family of languages is the center of a sharp debate. Some scholars view Eblaite as a dialect of Old Akkadian, in which case it would be proper to speak of the Eblaites as a branch of the East Semites (Akkadians, Assyrians, and Babylonians). Other scholars view Eblaite as a branch of West Semitic, with an especially close relationship to other West Semitic languages utilized in Syria (in particular, the roughly contemporary Amorite and the later-attested Aramaic). The majority of the evidence favors the latter opinion. To cite one example, the Eblaite first-person independent pronoun I is 'ana, exactly as in Amorite and Aramaic. -
Art and Imperialism in the Ancient Near East Prof. Marian Feldman, History of Art and Near Eastern Studies, UCB
Art and Imperialism in the Ancient Near East Prof. Marian Feldman, History of Art and Near Eastern Studies, UCB. http://orias.berkeley.edu/summer2010/Summer2010Home.htm Summarized by Timothy Doran Art in the form of figurative imagery and architectural and monumental construction has long played a central role in imperialism. Some of the earliest known empires of the ancient world – namely, the Akkadian, Old Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, and Achaemenid Persian – communicated a harmonious, hierarchic worldview of authority and order in which the present power structure was portrayed as proper, natural, and beneficial. An imperial vision was shaped by monuments and architecture of each period: the Warka Vase from the Late Uruk period, the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, the Law Code Stele of Hammurabi, the lion hunt reliefs of Ashurbanipal, and the wall reliefs of the audience hall in the city of Persepolis. The region’s environment constrained the development of power. The Fertile Crescent’s richness allowed civilization in the area, since the transition to agriculture (starting about 10,000 BC) was a difficult process and could only have worked in areas wherein alternatives were available should agriculture fail, such as the nuts, berries, and fish found in the foothills of the Fertile Crescent. But where the rivers squeeze together, near modern Baghdad, is Babylon, and it defines the break between Northern and Southern Mesopotamia. It is Southern Mesopotamia with its large alluvial plain that is considered more typically Mesopotamian. Since there is practically no rainfall in Southern Mesopotamia, rivers are crucial for life. Unlike the Nile, the rivers do not flood in any predictable way or time. -
Interaction of Aramaeans and Assyrians on the Lower Khabur
Syria Archéologie, art et histoire 86 | 2009 Dossier : Interaction entre Assyriens et Araméens Interaction of Aramaeans and Assyrians on the Lower Khabur Hartmut Kühne Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/syria/509 DOI: 10.4000/syria.509 ISSN: 2076-8435 Publisher IFPO - Institut français du Proche-Orient Printed version Date of publication: 1 November 2009 Number of pages: 43-54 ISBN: 9782351591512 ISSN: 0039-7946 Electronic reference Hartmut Kühne, « Interaction of Aramaeans and Assyrians on the Lower Khabur », Syria [Online], 86 | 2009, Online since 01 July 2016, connection on 22 May 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ syria/509 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/syria.509 © Presses IFPO INTERACTION OF ARAMAEANS AND ASSYRIANS ON THE LOWER KHABUR Hartmut KÜHNE Freie Universität Berlin Résumé – Le modèle centre/périphérie a souvent été utilisé pour expliquer les relations entre Assyriens et Araméens. Il est de plus en plus clair que ce modèle n’est pas apte à rendre compte de l’interaction entre ces deux groupes ethniques. Il convient de se défaire de l’idée de l’influence sur la périphérie et de chercher plutôt les signes des processus d’émulation qui ont lieu entre deux groupes équivalents culturellement et qui s’affrontent dans un territoire sans suprématie politique. Au cours du temps — environ 500 ans, entre 1100 et 600 av. J.-C. —, la situation politique change et avec elle les formes de l’interaction perceptibles au travers des différents traits culturels, illustrés par les objets découverts en fouille. De fait, on doit s’attendre à ce que ces objets reflètent différentes étapes d’émulation et deviennent potentiellement des hybrides, plus ou moins élaborés, ou des transferts plus ou moins profondément modifiés. -
The Appearance of Bricks in Ancient Mesopotamia
Athens Journal of History - Volume 6, Issue 1, January 2020 – Pages 73-96 The Appearance of Bricks in Ancient Mesopotamia By Kadim Hasson Hnaihen Mesopotamia is a region in the Middle East, situated in a basin between two big rivers- the Tigris and the Euphrates. About 5,500 years ago, much earlier than in Egypt, ancient civilization began, one of the oldest in the world. Continuous development was an important factor of everyday life. A warm climate, fertile soil, mixed with the sediment of flowing rivers and perhaps even the first oak all. A deficit of stone for building shelter was an impediment that the Sumerians faced, but from this shortage they found the perfect solution for their construction-brick. Shelter, homes and other buildings were built from material available in the area, such as clay, cane, soil, mule. Sumerians mastered the art of civic construction perfectly. They raised great buildings, made of bricks (Ziggurats, temples, and palaces) richly decorated with sculptures and mosaics. In this article I will focus on the most interesting time period in my opinion- when brick appeared, I will comment upon the process of production and the types of the brick used in Mesopotamia. It should be noted that the form we know today has been shaped by the cultural and social influences of many peoples who have successively settled these lands, continuing to a large extent the cultural heritage of the former. Introduction The ancient population of Iraq (from the Stone Age, 150,000 BC to 8,000 BC) inhabiting Mesopotamia is one of the oldest civilizations to be discovered. -
Households and the Emergence of Cities in Ancient Mesopotamia
Households and the Emergence of Cities in Ancient Mesopotamia The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Ur, Jason. 2014. “Households and the Emergence of Cities in Ancient Mesopotamia.” Cambridge Archaeological Journal 24 (02) (June): 249–268. doi:10.1017/s095977431400047x. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095977431400047X. Published Version doi:10.1017/S095977431400047X Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12490321 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP Post-print of Households and the Emergence of Cities in Ancient Mesopotamia Cambridge Archaeological Journal 26:2 (2014) CAJ-AR-2013-0011 Jason Ur Professor of Anthropology Department of Anthropology Harvard University [email protected] http://scholar.harvard.edu/jasonur Abstract The world’s first cities emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) in the fourth millennium BC. Attempts to understand this settlement process have assumed revolutionary social change, the disappearance of kinship as a structuring principle, and the appearance of a rational bureaucracy. Most assume cities and state-level social organization were deliberate functional adaptations to meet the goals of elite members of society, or society as a whole. This study proposes an alternative model. By reviewing indigenous terminology from later historical periods, it proposes that urbanism evolved in the context of a metaphorical extension of the household that represented a creative transformation of a familiar structure. -
Mesopotamian Art First Term 1959
Mesopotamian Art First term 1959 Civilization (‘urban society’), as I said last Thursday, began somewhat earlier in Ancient Mesopotamia than in Egypt. Let us begin by looking at a map of the region. The first settlers in Mesopotamia, the land of the two rivers, appear to have come from the Persian Highlands to the east, those who settled in the marshlands of the Tigris-Euphrates delta developed an urban economy which was at all times more decentralized than Egypt’s—the local towns always retaining a large measure of autonomy in their own affairs. These first settlers were united by a common culture as expressed in the buildings and sculpture, but not by a common language: for Sumerian was spoken in [south Sumer] and Akkadian, a Semitic language in the north. To the west of the Mesopotamia is the Arabian desert, to the north the plains of Syria, and to the north and north-east the Armenian and the Persian Highlands. Note the positions of Al-Ubaid, Ur, Eridu and Larsa situated in southern Mesopotamia, the ancient Sumer. They were at that time quite close to the shores of the Persian Gulf— for the delta of the river has been built up considerably in the past 5,000 years. To the north of Sumer, was Akkad, with such towns as Khafaje, Tell Asmar, Babylon and Tell Agrab. And further to the north were Tel Halaf, Tel Brak, Nineveh, Assur, Tepe Gawra and Samara. Mari was in the extreme west of the cultural area, Susa in the extreme East. The earliest settlement in the region occurred in the north. -
Archaeology of Mesopotamia Syllabus
AE0037 Archaeology of Mesopotamia Fall 2006 Artemis A.W. and Martha Sharp Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World Brown University Syllabus MWF 12:00-12:50 (The so-called E-hour) Salomon Center Room 203 Instructor: Ömür Harmansah (Visiting Assistant Professor) Office Hours: Tuesday 10-12 am. (Or by appointment) Office: Joukowsky Institute (70 Waterman St.) Room 202 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 401-863-6411 Course website where the up-to-date syllabus can be downloaded: http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/Harmansah/teach.html Course Description This course offers an analytical survey of the social and cultural history of the Near East, tracing the variety of cultural developments in the region from prehistory to the end of the Iron age (ca. 300 BC). Both archaeological evidence and textual sources are examined as relevant. The material culture and social practices of Mesopotamian societies constitute the main focus of the course. Archaeological landscapes, urban and rural sites, excavated architectural remains and artifacts are critically investigated based on archaeological, anthropological and art-historical work carried out in the region. Relevant ancient texts (mostly in Sumerian, Akkadian, and Luwian in translation) are studied as part of the material culture. Geographically the course will cover Mesopotamia proper, Syria, Anatolia and the Levantine coast (mostly staying within the boundaries of modern-day Iraq, Syria, and Turkey). In order to study the material evidence from antiquity critically, scholars frequently involve interpretive theories in their work. Throughout the semester, along with the detailed reading of various bodies of archaeological evidence, we will investigate a variety of theoretical approaches and concepts used within the field of Near Eastern archaeology. -
Ideology, Social Space & Power in Uruk Societies
IDEOLOGY, SOCIAL SPACE & POWER IN URUK SOCIETIES. – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NORTH AND SOUTH MESOPOTAMIAN SETTLEMENTS IN THE 4th MILLENNIUM B.C. KJETIL SUNDSDAL MASTERTHESIS IN ARCHAEOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN MAY 2008 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all I would like to thank my dearest girlfriend Veslemøy for endless listening to wining about social theories, ideology and material culture. Her patience and support has been indispensable. She has been responsible for getting me up in the morning, and without her I would never have made it! I owe a special thanks to Nils Anfinset. His inspiring lesson about the Uruk culture caught my interest in the subject, and his guidance has been most valuable. Without him this thesis would not have been written. I would like to thank Professor of Religion Einar Thomassen for discussions and literature about Mesopotamian religion. I would also like to thank my English teacher Elisabeth Hornemann who has corrected my endless mess of fouls, learned and guided me in use of the English language, and Kari Nordmo at the library, who has helped me with orders of books and articles. To my fellow students, and especially Lars Aas and Kjetil Lofsgaarden, I thank you for useful discussions, help and a pleasant working environment. Mr Aas has also lightened the office with inspiring songs. I will thank the archaeological football association for gymnastic lessons between all the studying, and Tor Arne Waraas for a discussion about Gordon Childe. I will thank Professor Guillermo Algaze at university of California, San Diego, Professor Roger Matthews at UCL, Professor Hans Nissen at Freie Universität Berlin and Whiting Professor Glen Schwartz at the John Hopkins University, who have responded to questions on e-mail, and for their inspiring and essentials works. -
Detection Report About the Archaeological Sites in Al Balikh
Detection report about the archaeological The Authority Of Tourism and sites in Al Balikh basin and Euphrates valley Protection Of Antiquities in Al Jazira Canton Manbej Kobani Tell Abyad ( Gere Spi ) Prepared by : Rustem Abdo - Adnan Al Bari Translated by : Amer Ahmed - Nergez Bijo Since the Syrian crises has broken out on March in 2011 the legacy became lives a real danger where vandalism and robbery reached to cataclysmic phase threatens to erase the immortal humanity civilization Since two years the Authority of Tourism and protection of Antiquities has founded in Al Jazira Canton this Authority belong to Democratic Self – Management to protect the archaeological sites by a group of archaeologists .. After liberating Kobani , Tell Abyad ( Gere Sbi ) and Manbej by people protection Units and Democratic Syrian forces we have documented some of their sites by delegation from the Authority ( Beryvan Yunes – Rustem Abdo – Adnan Al Bari – Nejbir Ibrahim ) by coordinating with administration of these cities these cities are as following : Manbej located 80 Km northeast of Aleppo it was called during the Roman and Greece period ( Herapolis ) and the oldest mention of it dates back to end of second millennium and beginning of first millennium B . C . in the Assyrian tablets .. Hmam Al Kabir Located eastern of public garden it has been built in end of Othman period as written on the bathroom door shows that , the bathroom is generally in good situation The public garden located beside the pitch and it has been built above a Greece temple that was belong to one of gods it has become as exhibition to displays the sculptural arts those found accidently in the city during construction work After detection we have noticed secret excavation in the east part of the garden where found a drawer leads to the entrance . -
Israel & the Assyrians
ISRAEL & THE ASSYRIANS Deuteronomy, the Succession Treaty of Esarhaddon, & the Nature of Subversion C. L. Crouch Ancient Near East Monographs – Monografías sobre el Antiguo Cercano Oriente Society of Biblical Literature Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente (UCA) Israel and the assyrIans ancient near east Monographs General Editors ehud Ben Zvi roxana Flammini Editorial Board reinhard achenbach esther J. hamori steven W. holloway rené Krüger alan lenzi steven l. McKenzie Martti nissinen Graciela Gestoso singer Juan Manuel tebes Volume Editor Ehud Ben Zvi number 8 Israel and the assyrIans Deuteronomy, the Succession Treaty of Esarhaddon, and the Nature of Subversion Israel and the assyrIans Deuteronomy, the Succession Treaty of Esarhaddon, and the Nature of Subversion C. l. Crouch sBl Press atlanta Copyright © 2014 by sBl Press all rights reserved. no part of this work may be reproduced or published in print form except with permission from the publisher. Individuals are free to copy, distribute, and transmit the work in whole or in part by electronic means or by means of any informa- tion or retrieval system under the following conditions: (1) they must include with the work notice of ownership of the copyright by the society of Biblical literature; (2) they may not use the work for commercial purposes; and (3) they may not alter, transform, or build upon the work. requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the rights and Permissions Office, sBl Press, 825 houston Mill road, atlanta, Ga 30329, Usa. The ancient near east Monographs/Monografi as sobre el antiguo Cercano Oriente series is published jointly by sBl Press and the Universidad Católica argentina Facultad de Ciencias sociales, Políticas y de la Comunicación, Centro de estudios de historia del antiguo Oriente.