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CEU eTD Collection PRESERVING AMULTI PRESERVING Brandi Hall Second Reader: Karl Hall Supervisor: Ostap Sereda Budapest, Hungary History Department University Central European 2014 In partial fulfillmen In partial POST

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CEU eTD Collection Bibliography Conclusion Chapter 3 Chapter 2 Chapter 1 Introduction Contents Table of 37 35 34 33 32ndSessionof the 2008 WHC 31 29 28 Conclusion EvaluationICOMOS Resultstheof Nomination ConservationHistory Zoning AUTHENTICITY ManagementandProtection HistoryandDescription Categorizationof Property Justificationby the Party State L’viv ICOMOS UNESCO th th th rd st th th

Sessionof 2 WHCthe Sessiontheof 2013 WHC Sessiontheof 2011 WHC Sessiontheof 2010 WHC Sessiontheof 2005 WHC Sessiontheof 2004 WHC Sessionof 2009 the WHC

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CuratingCriticalImpossibilities, - cultural city, likecity,cultural L’viv, Due to the lackto Duem the on of thisscholarly subject work Therehavehavebeen around severalsubject that authors ofthe L’viv danced Borderland:A Journey Through theHistory Ukraineof , were he argues that hecontextwere the arguesthat ofstruct, a

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The MetaphysicsThe of ,Harvard University Press, The PoetryThe of olorado,2000 Permanence , pg.9. 3

CEU eTD Collection 6 5 4 Permanence 3 reconstructionisthe efforts it havehistoricalistheynecessarily that atmospheres,not but the widein FulbrightAccordingthegapshistory. to Fellow, their AshleyBigham, problemthe with independentfightingthey independence or weretheirfor and the disregard patriotism.” n highmomentspast;ofandcivilizationalpositivethe a though toward image oriented of createshistoryset atradition. and It identifications ofandpublic embodiments elite theusing enhancedistinctivenessthe nationalism.Which ‘cultural Jarzombeknationalism’categorizespreserve “to way a and as property.”the building?Ceasing evolutionproperty ceasesusagetheof the in changeEurope can’t “YouL’vivnatural Howstopit UNESCO. is said evolution the to ofa Fulbright incurrent workingFellow Urban for architecture Center theCentral Historyat ofEast “TheEnsemblebetween L’viv” ICOMOSand Partyof State UNESCO, the ofUkraine. wins ‘thepicture’that out.” “betmakedecisiona industrialization opposed inauthenticityto buildings, ofreconstructed ifthe and but had he to asa account wholethe which‘picture, relatesnationalto states the identity.

Jarzombek,“The Metaphysics of Permanence Bigham,Ashley, L’viv, field notes, interviewedby Brandi Jarzombek,“The Metaphysics of Permanence MarkJarzombek, itenhances forstructure supportationhood, traumaswounds anda old of tropesas the Not only does Ruskin’s UNESCO play a role, so doesNot Ukraine’sRuskin’s playonly UNESCO so role,does a ofarchitecture cultural – 6

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UNESCO:About Us, “UNESCO:Building Peacethe in Minds Menand of Women.” UNESCO:About Us, “UNESCO:Building P UNESCOArc Ibid Ibid UNESCOArchives, “UNESCO past and Present.” UNESCO:About Us, “UNESCO:Building Peacethe in Minds Menand of Women,” accessed May20, 2014,

ThedidWorldsevereSecond War allowcreated that politicalnot divisions or the Japan Byconference,ofendthe thethirty 13

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Ibid

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CEU eTD Collection 24 23 22 http://www.icomos.org/en/about 21 historical culturaland Thestate heritage. specificcontrol ICOMOSpromotes Ukrainian over the members,professionals infieldcorporate ten andof the protection,restorati inleadingUNESCO forbody advisory Today Ukraine. has committeemore thethan 170 te Monumentson andwhich (ICOMOS) Sitescollects and examinesprinciples protection and Charter conference,during1964 they firstbeingthirteenadopted one resolutions with theVenice the Restorationo joinedofstatesUNESCO InternationalStudythefor PreservationofCentre the and inpracticesforhistoric protectionestablishtheirbuilding to an such authority. Buildings cou the that suggested in DuringCharter. Congress1957 Paris First oftheArchitects and ofspecialistHistoric independentfrom wasmuseologists association,the which in wasbirthoftheICOM Venice the ofallspecialist world.the over andbordersinternational nationalanpresentedon level,growingandthe showed consciousness firstthe inhistory time Thepublishedwasdocument1933. later ininanonymously Paris 1941. ICOMOS:International Council o chnologies,andrestorationmonuments, efforts useensemblesof They andare thesites. also Ibid Ibid ICOMOS: InternationalCouncil on Monumentsand Sites, “History,” accessed May 26, 2014,

In 1994 ICOMOScreatedIn1994 Ukrainian the InternationalofCommitteeNationalthe Council TheCongressArchitectsSecondand in ofmetSpecialist of Historic VeniceBuilding createanTheneedcame to association ofspeciali and second one that wassuggestedand whichsecondbythat one createdICOMOS. UNESCO, all together finfulfillCultural (ICCROM)Property Rometo recommendation.this

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OrestSubtelny, Ibid “L’viv Ihor Lylio,interviewed by BrandiHall, L’viv, Uk ICOMOSUkraine, “AboutUs,” accessedJune 9,2014, /whc.unesco.org/pg_friendly_print.cfm?cid=31&id_site=865&

– To grasp andgrasp understandTo globalofthe L’vivaspect shouldunderstandoneits citythe and L’vivSince has1975, beenrecognized Historicpart of theas State

The Ensembleof the Historic Centre 25 th

Ukraine:HistoryA century, an organized and fortifiedcentury,anby andincludingorganized town, cenBaltic, the

Harvard UniversityPress, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2005. th

century. llon settlementsPoltava the c.e.Zamovka below450 Riverhill around

locatedin(providence) Oblast isL’vivandthe consideredthe

,Fourth edition,University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 2009, pg.3. 29 27

the InternationaltheCouncil andMonuments onSites Located settlementcentralitaroutes on developed into trade –

UNESCOWorld Heritage Centre,” accessed April 24, 2012, raine,April 4, 2014 and JohnCzaplicka, 28

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“L’viv Subtelny, GilbertMercier, “Ukraine: The New Cold War Heats Up,” – In the 13 Inthe

The Ensembleof the Historic Centre Ukraine:A History . This map. is justto show the geo th

nturywouldmain becameastown L’viv,the that ofthe the known was town ,pg.60

- 61. http://www.globalresearch.ca/ukraine

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- dominated government an dominated – Galicia held the majorityGaliciaheldthe Ukrainian’sthe of under andHapsburgrule, as Galiciagrew

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theHistoric Centre es were built and ininbuilteswerepartitionL’vivand of the 1772 German) (Lemberg 38 ,pg.219. ,pg.216 ,pg.216. ,pg.215. ,pg.215. ,pg.213.

- Theimprovesecond goalsocio wasthe simply to nobility.

d replaceitwasdisciplined awithd they what and thought -

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CEU eTD Collection 49 48 lands,their inthe return forthe use of their personal plots. 47 46 45 44 Toronto,2010, 433. pg PaulRobert Magocsi, 43 42 theirfiveEmpiremonthsmarker.this after Hapsburgwhenthe crown, theyin abolishedandcorvéeApril 1848 rest Galiciaon the of23, across corvéeboard. the heard Governor oncethe ofhethismake quicklyVienna first mov theurged to example; For urgentlyPoleswere the abolish nobilitypressing Polishthe to corvée, against anoone Empirethekeepused andHe intact. together Hapsburgs thePoles the andcontrol Ukrainians sameThenationality.FranzareasCount governor, Stadion, intentions hishad and own plansto branches. CouncilRuskaasnewspaperwell(Holovna Rada), and as theirlocal theirsystemown own of findshocked were to they that theirstarted hadown representativeSupremebody, theRuthenian includingnot mistakeswasUkrainianandthe population when Po the politicalliberation and forevengreater inthemselvesrights Galicia. sovereign a ThePolesinimmediatelystatehood. moreViennafor Ukraine petitioned to was‘springcalledthe nations,’ nationalizationofwas desi awakeningwhich anofthe and buildings. buildingsu were

Ibid Subtelny, liberalA form of serfdom where the peasants owned the noble landownerstotwo three days perweek working Paul Robert Magocsi, Subtelny, Subtelny, In1846 the Polish peasantry, withthe help of the Austrian government, massacredthe gentry’s estate owners. Subtelny,

TheAustriansclosed manyanddown foundations dismantled religiousof thethe and 45 42 Ukraine:A History Ukraine:A History Ukraine:A History Ukraine:A History

ThePoles shockedwere becaus Therevolution of1848 ther. This ther. wasby a sed for secularfor andsed purposes began ofsurgereconstructionamedieval of AHistory Ukraineof

A HistoryA of Ukraine:The Land andIts Peoples, 48 ,pg.2 ,pg.244. ,pg. ,pg.219.

Thisinfuriatedmade loyalPolesandtheUkrainians more the even to 244.

45.

- :The Land andIts Peoples, product of the earlier 1846 the Polish theearlierof the1846 inproduct revolution Galicia. 43

in Austrianthroughout theGaliciaand 49 e to themto eUkrainian’s theand andonethey were the

Due t

o manyreformsandthis the that other

SecondEdition, University of Toronto Press,

pg435.

les asked them to joinles askedthem theyto The biggest Thebiggest oftheir - HungarianEmpire e and to abolish ande to 47

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Paul Robert Magocsi,ed., Magocsi, “L’viv - 155. – During this time, the Nazi’sDuringhavocthethis created andtime, chao AustrianAt endthe L’vivrule,ofnewofthe the became part Republicandof Poland was “the states revolutionaryUNESCO that sawserious yeardamage in of1848 cent the

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CEU eTD Collection 65 64 63 (Paris:June 30, 1997): 111. 62 61 60 nimets’kykh zaharbnykiv naperedodniIv vitchyznianii viini proty nimets’kofashystskykh zaharbnykiv,” in 59 Sezessio Nouveau, Art the from influences Renaissance the as temples, well as period sculpture, and architecture Rus Rococo and “Old Baroque ensembles, are buildings these of important most the of some Ger and Italian and Armenian, and oriental to Byzantine highest architecture Rus Old schoolof like Galicia the influenceslocal from value” the of masterpieces artistic and architectural of concentration “unique a holds L’viv inbyStated of1998: October ICOMOS along there, manyandwith fine20 Baroque completemission abletheir to ofnation. becoming sovereigna held over citypower the of L’viv until was…darka continent, UkraineEurope wereof darkness.”heart Belarus the and

Ibid UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 108. UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 111. UNESCO, Ibid AdrianDr. Mandzy,interviewed by Brandi Hall, Morehead, Kentucky,2011. Magocsi,

AHistory Ukraine:of WorldHeritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, rdtos wo salse sprt yt interdependent yet separate inmoderntownscape. the established discernib still is which for evidence city, the within communities who traditions, religious cultural and different with groups ethnic number of it a to “Cri traditionswithof easternof Europe Italy Germany.” those and artistic and architectural the of fusion the of example outstanding ii: “Criterion InL’vivlived canseeevidenceoneethnicdifferenttheof the communities who terion v: terion

(Ufa1942), pg. 33.

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63 ”

century

pg.669and Cited inM.Suprunenko, “Ukra buildings. L’viv 65

–

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68 67 66 1950 the during underway were projects major and Committee Executive Oblast the to department Architectural the and Architect Chief City the of Office the in Building Historic of concept the In to “leading monuments.” historic 1930 designating in started program inventory national A city. the within buildings historic of conservation and protection the with deal to Conservation of Department Gali Eastern of Conservators of Organization Grono the Austro calledthe analysisthat: states peoples.” Austrian and Italian the Polish, of Jewish, heritage national German, the Armenian, to also but culture Ukrainian the to only not “belongs L’viv of An artwork. other as missioninICOMOSexpert Januaryexpertlyof 1998 qualitiesstated town: well thethe of as paintings monumental and relics historic hold and preserve

UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 110. UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 108. UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 110. L’viv’s conservation history started in the mid the in started history conservation L’viv’s town historic the that states it Site Heritage World a asincluded be to nominations the In churches and other plachurches and other of heritage its in particular in and structure, urban its is in reflected this and Krakow, of that from different significantly however, was, trajectory historical Its List. Heritage World the c on is which be may it which with region the in it town only that The II. fact War World the eastern from of unscathed almost and virtue emerged by central origin of medieval of group towns the European among exceptional is “L’viv high of buildings secular qualitymiddlethefrom Ages onwards.” and religious contains also its It retained has intact. which almost pattern street and topography medievalurban town, historic European eastern e an is “L’viv - HungarianShortlyofHistoric CommissionCentral following Monuments. this

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ICOM S comparative OS

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CEU eTD Collection 71 70 restorativeplans appearthat to be historical, but notmight historicallybe correctinnature. “authentic.”Which from what have I witnessedis anything looksthat historical innature, authenticityis perUNESCO, but most importantlythe citycouncil of L’viv theirand thoughts on what is 69 intact. haveremained fivelocations churches only ofallOut these chapter. this explainedisthroughout synagogue. a by isclusteringa and mosque, a cathedrals, Catholic two churches, Armenian thirteenth time, prime seventieth Pidzamche’s through the During site. the on survives still mound castle the only but century, twelfth the through century fifth the in starting Ages Middle the in developed protectedare withinWorldas a that SitethemHeritage by UNESCO. buildings several have areas three These George). (St. Fighter Dragon the Uri St. of Church aro area (the Castle)Pidzamche and restorationsinconservationsandstates L’viv’sUNESCO city.this the authenticity: about Nationa the 1975

UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 109. UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 110. UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Docum

h frt ra Pdace n Vysok and Pidzamche area, first The (High Zamok World Site;HeritageVysokyi ofthe part are areasthat core hasthreeL’viv eoe h cret tnad o cnevto ad etrto had restoration beenlaiddown.” and conservation of ethnic standards current the before their with c was work restoration complexes, some that account the into taking religious authenticity, of level acceptable the an is there materials of terms In to intact. survived has communities, the and since high, castle very is pattern layout street urban medieval the of authenticity “The - product of interesting and unique geopolitical location that L’viv locationinisgeopoliticaland interestingthat unique ofand product Hsoia ad rhtcua Rsre a cetd n crid u further out carried and created was Reserve Architectural and Historical l

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CEU eTD Collection Piatnytsia 73 http://www.franko.lviv.ua/personal/ld/architectual.htm 72 Lviv Best,Lvivaccessed May 29, 2014, IvanFranko National University of Lviv, Architectural“The Heritage of Lviv,” accessedMay 29, 2014,   

century. 16 the in expanded and 18 the in 16 The 1908. 18 important nave a of consists It 1640’s. the in reconstructed The stillits itscruciformthat structure 13 domed contains style unique the of example perfect the is It 1292. in The

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was first a wooden structure inwaswoodenfirst a structure 13 the was the family church of the Halychyna and first mentioned first and Halychyna the of church family the was th

etre wt is eesv wls aig rm h 17 the from dating walls defensive its with centuries 72

. . Basilian Monastery Basilian TheChurchof St. Mykolai

church which was extended and reconstructed reconstructed and extended was which church

lo ul i te 13 the in built also th

of the Halychyna architecture with architecture Halychyna the of and a small chancel; there is an an is there chancel; small a and century stone walls.century stone .

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CEU eTD Collection maria 77 http://www.pbase.com/georgh/image/116908048 76 http://www.pbase.com/georgh/image/116908050 75 http://www.pbase.com/georgh/image/116908049 74 Emporis, “Churchof Mariathe Snowy,” accessedMay 29, 2014, PBase,George Herder, “Churchesof L’vivand the famous Lycakivs’ke graveyard,”accessed May 29, 2014, PBase,George Herder, “Churchesof L’vivand the famous Lycakivs’ke graveyard,”accessed May 29, 2014, PBase,George Herder, “Churchesof L’vivand the famous Lycakivs’ke graveyard,”accessed   - the

colonists as a stone basilica with apse. Even though it underwent reconstruction in the the in reconstruction underwent it though Even apse. with basilica stone a as colonists The inNeo rebuilt was smallchurch thewhen 1887, inmany culminating reconstructions, underwent The - snowy Church of Maria Snizhna: Maria Churchof ahda o St. of Cathedral - - l Romanesquestyle. - viv - ukraine

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cent May29, 2014, - 13 ury by German uryby German th

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CEU eTD Collection 79 78 mainlyaristocraticstyle. residences, inBaroque the and monasteries with and fortifications medieval demolished the of site the the on gardens is byarea central Encircled landscape. general the affecting adversely without inserted were 19 the in and structures earlier from elements incorporating building many predominate, buildings Renaissance area this In flourished. but quarters, own an religious, public, the by disturbed not was townscape the in harmony overall The time. that of layout original its intact preserves and Europe Eastern in planning town the of example prime a is It century.

Ibid UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 109. 

center of the square.ofcenterthe the in 1793 from dating fountain mythological classical a is There square. the facing two a with layout, medieval Baroque, Renaissance, many are 19 the (Market)Square:Rynok or Seredmistia the is area second The carvingsininterior. the 19 late th th

century, and is considered the heart of the Middle Town area. Around the square square Aroundthe area. MiddleTown ofthe heart the considered is and century,

etr i sil ean mn oiia faue, nldn fn Brqe wood Baroque fine including features, original many retains still it century

d residential buildings of the different communities that settle there in their their in there settle that communities different the of buildings residential d

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CEU eTD Collection complex travelling.com/uploads/gallery/photos/img/lviv 81 travelling.com/uploads/gallery/photos/img/lviv 80

UA Traveling,UA “Assumption Church in Lviv.Lvov. Traveling,UA “Market Square inLviv.Lvov.Ukraine,” access  

. 14 fine are interior the in Preserved techniques. and design Armenians the of that with area Benedictine (17 palace archbishops’ Armenian the century), (17 bank Armenian former the of building the (1726), Christopher St of column the The itwas but replaced roof, fireroofpresentaBaroque helmet the after with in 1695. hipped a had and once belltower high has65m a church The chancel. nave,and narthex, t with stone win building of styles Renaissance combines it that in unique considered is area This (1578 Prelates Three the of Chapel the 1629), The

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. . tutr, umutd y n cao spotn a easac dm wt bt the both with and interiorexterior the richlycarved. dome Renaissance a supporting octagon an by surmounted structure, (1609 Chapel 1760 in restored was side two nave, a The TheArmenian Church complex. Latin Metropolitan Cathedral: Metropolitan Latin

- 5 ad Kampians’ and 15) - aisles, and long chancel. Some Baroque features were added when it it when added were features Baroque Some chancel. long and aisles, - 78. There are two chapels associated with the cathedral; Boims’ Boims’ cathedral; the with associated chapels two are There 78.

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CEU eTD Collection 88 87 andisdifferestill asevokes such,known manyto withL’viv,Leopolis, people. L’vov,itnameLemberg,Lwow, has everyetc. by gone simplyL’vivnot bilateralmultilateralare adynamic, but awhere one many L’viv remains places inisin mindimportant extremelyreadsonekeeping consecuti as the monasticfeatures. other (1722 Metropolitanthe of Place the are church the with Associated Yaroslav church. Ukrainian the kingof dignitaries and Osmomysi Halychyna the of tomb the contains and carvings and sculpture monumental p is that layout spatial Ukrainian traditional 1744 in brick and 13 late the in monastery and church wooden a as started Fighter Dragon the Yuri UNESCO,World Heritage WHCList, Nomination UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 109 

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CEU eTD Collection 90 89 Kishchukvisited L’viv. Cities,Heritage ProblemsofcityProtectionRestoration,” theand itself wasasexample.angiven years later citythe hos carryinitiative to necessarycommitteethe out ofdealing Exactly UNESCO. with works two evenMayto includedlist1994 bethe on ofof Worldestablish Sites, Heritage L’viv hasto the ofconsiderationforL’viv the wassubmitted to In1989 process. government the hadofUkrainehistorical the monumentsand historical the city affectThisnot changeand betweendidrelationshipUNESCO itthe L’viv, did but theextend seemedreconcileThis also whichdramatic fallUSSRto the the brought with of document;several city the through went yearsin ofpreparation,starting of1989. September stillideologies cultural that themselves discussingpresent L’viv.when internationalintentionsmemberoftheand community and (UNESCO the multi states) the th Ukraineestablishaspectsthat is becomingandtryingto as theyindependent state making are an Nomination The 2 Chapter

UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, eir firstmarkseir ininternational starts Alsothis the note takecommunity. chapter to ofthe In November that sameInyear, 1996,NovemberTheSecretary that General OrganizationofWorldthe of Be nominationyoutheThroughout willbesee process to able ‘cultural nationalism’the foregetting delegates point the thethat from to Ukraine submitcould nomination a Marcel Junius, and a Professor at MarcelandJunius, Professor athe Borys University Saskatchewan, of

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CEU eTD Collection 95 http://www.cufoundation.ca/Borys%20Kishchuk/ 94 93 92 http://www.prixduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/recherche/desclaureat.php?noLaureat=252 91 World of HeritageListCities. resolutiontheCouncil adopted of affairsofCommitteeUNESCO Vicethe p influentialUkrainian internationalinternationalscenehadtheywhenheadof the the very another and community lookslike Thisitt turnedout andeducationalareaswith ofas EuropeanCanada wellUkraine countries. Eastern asother Inc.whichUkraine buildhelps Centre industrial,bridgeascientific,to between the commercial Ukraine nineforconductstudents years to research. to UniversityheofwereSaskatchewanU the establishedof S withat MBA,heCentre anthe servedprofessor asofaInternational Studies Business the at movedCanadaBelgium inand to 1961. involved withthis ICOMto prior position. behappenedfirstto Secretarythe position held andGeneral that until1998. mostlyassistance, dealingwhennecessarydocumentsthe nomination. for with Marcel Junius reservationitself.cityand

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CEU eTD Collection 97 96 thr mid the during area this in started projects Preservations points;Ukraine,cameinbullet isL’viv three a: th by justification The ICOMOS. and UNESCO between collaboration Party State the by Justification CityCounc AffairsnominationforofItaly. The document was signed by behalfW.onShvets L’vivthe of

UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 108. UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 12 ough to present.the   

developmentoflargea city. harmonized the and environment historic a of conservation effective the of example An marksthison specificarea. and settled origins different of people several that fact the noting is this Again urbandeliberatethe activities; and origins different with traditions architectural of influences common the of result The asareadiscussedthe in chapter. previous the settle that people and empires the of all from coming elements unique the to dueis This Europe; eastern for and region the for both environment, building urban an of example Unique with 1997 30, June on Cite Heritage World possible a as justified first was L’viv il Executive Committee. Atil thiswaschiefhetheCommittee. Executivetime ofarchitect L’viv.

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The historyThe of the cityand the buildings is foundinthe previous chapter. In the Justification they set out how L’viv would qualify (as stated above), described the the described above), stated (as qualify would L’viv how out set they Justification the In of requirements and mold the fits site the why and how about more into get we Before the within found definition the fits L’viv of city The

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Operational Guidelines for the the for Guidelines Operational

of buildings.of 31 98

CEU eTD Collection 102 101 the of location the by demonstrated scheme, geographical linear a holds Pidamche the of (Kniaz) layout Kings to homes were that towns other to Similar Church. Snizhna’s Maria and Paraskeva St. Church, Mykolai’s Joh monastery,BasilianSt. Onufrii’s andChurchSt. Piatnytsia’s Church, St. include; which area) castle (surrounding Pidzamche the and Castle) (Hight Zamok Vysokyi involved; areas the list to begins then document The for hasset theirWorld S Heritage UNESCO that internationalregulations the fitwith sites the that suremake to individuals of that than governments, over power and sway more has UNESCO investors. private dea to easier is it them For UNESCO. state completely is nominated being site the that fact The has:Ukrainian city that only the being as L’viv of city the identify together organizations The reign. their under longer much Sovi took process the The why is this and 60’s. restoration and the protection than during rather industrialization rule Soviets the under headway make to started Austrian the during 1900’s late the since accumulating Committee. Executi Council City L’viv the and Deputies, Executive People’s of Administration, Council City L’viv State of Committee Oblast L’viv Ukraine, of Architecture an Building Urban

UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination UNESCO,World Heritage List, WH 101

ae no en a te einn o te 13 the former settlement 5 of the of beginning the at th being of into ensemble came architectural and natural unique a create they 13 the from building urban of trends and styles all practically represent They … greening. and building urban i preserved “completely hs apnd n h 7’ de ote eoilzto poes ht ae been have that process memorialization the to due 70’s the in happened This

C NominationC Documentation, 18. & ites.

ts medieval planning scheme, peculiarities of of peculiarities scheme, planning medieval ts th l with one party at the state level than to have have to than level state the at party one with l - 6 Docume th

centuries.” ntation,1. th

to the 20 the to 102 - -

ugra eprs eg, u really but reign, empires Hungarian

owned seems to be a relief to to relief a be to seems owned th

century on the site of the the of site the on century th

centuries. As a whole whole a As centuries. n the Baptist Cathedral, nBaptist the e city that that city e ets treasured treasured ets ve ve 32

CEU eTD Collection 104 103 point one at tourism of head importantly most but L’viv in professor a Lylio, ceramics. facing the and building the on used patterns and ornaments it but exact, be to 1905 repr century, twentieth the in dated building only the is list this on one 14 the of fortification Cathe Jesuites of Ensemble the Monastery, Bernardine of Ensemble the Cathedral, Metropolitan Latin of Ensemble the Church, Armenian the of Ensemble the Church, (Assumption) Uspenska of Ensemble the Ensemble, incorporate relics earlierthat from environment architectural Baroque and Renaissance the by dominated is area this of Most consideration. into take to had authorities city’s the that something therefor and city one in diversity of amount L’ to unique also is this but guilds, to due organized were cities medieval way the of artifact an was This one. asflowseamlessly just they how and L’viv,in have resided that living different the represents public area quarters, specific this that is thing intriguing most The region.” Europe[an] East the in building urban regular of example preserved entirely an “is area this that mid theemerged during verifieslocationthat Market) the squareancient originalofofcity.thethe trade whic routes trade ancient the and worship of houses

UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Docume UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Docume esents the first Ukrainian Modern style of construction that enfold the Ukrainian folk folk Ukrainian the enfold that construction of style Modern Ukrainian first the esents The second area is Seredmistia (Middletown) which is adjacent to Pidzamche and and Pidzamche to adjacent is which (Middletown) Seredmistia is area second The and religious spaces that have been owned by the various national communities communities national various the by owned been have that spaces religious and

th - 17 - fourteenth century on the si fourteenthcenturythe on th

centuries, and the House of ‘Dnister’ Insurance Company. The last last The Company. Insurance ‘Dnister’ of House the and centuries,

dral and collegium, the Ensemble of Dominican Church, city city Church, Dominican of Ensemble the collegium, and dral constructions. The main sites are; Rynok Square RynokSquare mainare; sites The constructions. ntation,2 ntation,1 te of the Kings (Kniaz) town. Ukraine states Ukraine states town. Kings(Kniaz) ofthe te h is preserved by the Staryi Rynok (Old (Old Rynok Staryi the by preserved is h - - 4. 2.

104

poes ht Ihor that process A 103

viv due to the to due viv o te City the for 33

CEU eTD Collection chapter. 108 107 106 105 in subject the facing 1978 13, Julyon set Law UkrSSR the being first the are listed items four The matters. such of care take to place in are that resolutions and laws the list Protection and Management eithermatter,thiswith financially k or in help needs State the that think to committee UNESCO and ICOMOS leads This work. some need buildings proposed the of state the that knows party the that proves statement last This … buildi the of conditions of Technical importance. local and are] national [and … structure. planning the of perpetuation and control archeological proper remainsGalicianofKingtheandUkrainian Yaroslav Osmomyslprominent chur the contain church the of cellar inthe grounds The Pinzel. John artist Baroque bystyle Baroque structure wooden a as started that church is This bazaar. the from and city the enter that gates two with Yuri’sbellhouses,the capitular Metropolitan’sPalace, includes; church, St. l city medieval the of outside little a located is aspects. old and modern combine to German’s the by introduced process a was this that stated Council,

A delegateA fromHungary makesremarks to this through supporting tourism mentionedfurther intothis UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Docume UNESCO,World Heritage List, Ihor Lylio,interviewed author,by tapeL’viv, recording,14 April 2014.

This leads into the means of Ukraine for preservation and conservation needs. They first They needs. conservation and preservation for Ukraine means of the into leads This Ukraines Yuri(George) St. of Ensemble the is site third The 105 n h titet cnuy n te xsig rc ad otr tutr ws ul in built was structure mortar and brick existing the and century thirteenth the in

being the Law on Law the being

diagnosis of the given areas is that it “is guaranteed and provided with the the with provided and guaranteed “is it that is areas given the of diagnosis

WHCNomination Docume

Monuments of History and Culture and History of Monuments

nowledge of specialists. nowledgeof imits on the side of a mountain chain. The site site The chain. mountain a of side the on imits ntation,8. ntation,4 -

5. –

the Dragonfighter Church. The site site The Church. Dragonfighter the 108

The Preservation and Usage of of Usage Preservationand The ngs are mostly satisfactory.” mostly are ngs

set forth in 1970, the second the 1970, in forth set - tower, and the fence and the tower, ch members.ch 106 107 34

CEU eTD Collection 111 110 109 RestorationOfficeas 2. well Construction CompanyandRepairas the No. and Scientific byRegionalL’vivSpecialized bethe carried out to is Therestoration ofSciences. Studies ofUkrainian Institute the of archeologicalexpeditionL’viv and Institute Regional the are which them, to available institutes design Paintings of faculty the and University Politechnic L’viv the at Architecture of faculty the at Complexes Architectural of Reconstruction and Restoration of Chair the as preservation and restoration inarea.the to adjusting of question bigger tourism from capitalharness to a how on lackingis knowledge it the andblame to is isthat capitalism Or responsibility. this up keep to income the have financial having State the is or State the for interest of lack a is this if answered be begsto This itself. State thefrom coming are protect and restore repair, to funds the is here addressed space. rentingforthe buildingshistoric tenants bypaidthe L’viv. concerning 1990 in Council L’viv of City the in Reserve Architectural the regarding 1975 12, June on created 297 No. Ministers Culture, and History of Monuments

UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 9. UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Docume UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination 109 h Sae at, kan, t Ukraine, Party, State The

The State lists the financial resources available are from the state budget and from feesfrom and budget state the from are available resources financial liststhe State The Restoration of the Academy of Arts. The State includes as well scientific includeswell as State The Arts. Academyof the Restorationof

fact that these sites are only listed as ‘satisfactory’ by the State and that the that and State the by ‘satisfactory’as listed only are sitesthese that fact

h Hsoia ad Cultural and Historical The hen lists the specialists that are trained in the area of of area the in trained are that specialists the lists hen h tid s h Rslto o te kSR Counc UkrSSR the of Resolution the is third the , the fourth and final is the decision of the L’viv Oblast Oblast L’viv the of decision theis final andfourth the ,

Docume ntation,9. ntation,8 - 110

Creation of a National Historical and and Historical National a of Creation 9.

Reserved Territory of the City of of City the of Territory Reserved The interesting question that isnot that interesting Thequestion

issues and simply does not does simply and issues ZakhidProektRestavratsia

at the National Academy Nationalthe at 111

- research and and research il of of il 35

CEU eTD Collection 118 117 116 115 http://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/2784 114 113 112 Modern Ukrainian and Secession, Nouveau, Art in trends art as well as sculptures,” and architectures Rococo and Baroque ensembles, Renaissance “magnificent temples, Russ Old are Western Armenian, and Old of School Galician the of masterpieces artistic several Project). ( station railway their includes which network transportation international their update to need the with process. restoration the for funding create to Utilities Public the infrastructure. and buildings historic the of restoration and rehabilitation the in help to hopes in investment foreign in bring hopefully to manageme proposed their of process. approval and decision during site” this at tourism of management the to attention increasedgive to need“would Ukraine that state Hungary from Delegate the and region with dealing Council City the of Resolution and culture tourism, for centre a into city education.” industrial “… an from converted be will city

Ibid UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 9. UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documen UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 9. UNESCO,Committee Decisions, “CONF 203VIII.B.1,” accessed June 3,2014, UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomina UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 110.

Ukraine also included in their justification for inclusion onto the World Heritage List List Heritage World the onto inclusion for justification their in included also Ukraine by areas the of management the to back us brings all This 117 Terminal

112

hs a i acrac wt the with accordance in was This

Project), the international airport airport international the Project),

European (mostly German and Italian) cultures. Italian) and German (mostly European nt protocols, the second one is the “creation of conservation zones” zones” conservation of “creation the is one second the protocols, nt

tionDocumentation, 9. 115

The third protocol Ukraine suggests, is to to is suggests, Ukraine protocol third The tation,110. Tourism development. n ter iha sse ( system highway their and

- Russ architecture, Eastern Byzantine Byzantine Eastern architecture, Russ

rga ta ws dpe b the by adopted was that program 113 116

Ukraine, who stated that the that stated who Ukraine,

UNESCO encourages this, this, encourages UNESCO The fourth protocol deals deals protocol fourth The 118 114

Included on this list this on Included

This was the first the was This Lisbon privatize - Kyiv 36

CEU eTD Collection 1998,Juneaccessed 3,2014, 123 122 121 120 119 (temples), dominants architectural of preservation and location planning, square and street the i.e. of structure, spatial its of elements ensemblesurvived the by proved is L’viv of urbancity the of centre historic the of authenticity “The Ukraine to According ‘authenticity.’ sites organizationsbilateralcanserve politics. nations.” two our of culture the importanceto particular hasa and Ukraine, and Poland ofhistory the link uniting important very of City “Old the of “the Lwow/Lviv” request. Theysupports the city stronglystated andthat of Lwow/Lvi also application the filing for Ukraine welcomed and commended Poland historicthe pa that demands the meet and history human the in stages subsequent of is typical that organization structural and spatial its surroundings, natural special in preserved, has and development the of th UNESCO by forth set demands the to correspond [and] Austrians.” Italians, Poles, Jews, Germans, Armenians, of heritage national the to also but culture o not belongs L’viv city the of property “Historical is nominated being is that relics. historic any and paintings monumental equipment, pieces. UNESCO,World Heritage WHCList, Nomination Documentation,9. UNESCO,World Heritage Commit Ibid UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 9. Ibid

119 The next section for t for section next The

121 f ore hy nld wa i wti te neir f h sts ht nov the involve that sites the of interior the within is what include they course Of

rt should dominate over the contemporary surrounding.”contemporary the over should dominate rt By making this statement, Ukraine makingpointBy sites wasnominatedtrying statement, out thethis that to

http://whc.unesco.org/archive/repcom98a7.htm#2 he Nomination Document discusses how Ukraine came up with the the with up cameUkraine how discusses Document Nominationhe

tee,“Annex VII.2,” 22 123

rm hs ttmn oe a se o transnational how see can one statement this From nd

session,Kyoto,Japan, 30 November at “a city should represent various character character various represent should city“a at

120

Then they state that the property the that state they Then .

122

In fact the Observer of Observerof the fact In nly to Ukrainian to nly –

5December v is a a isv 37

CEU eTD Collection 124 present, was synagogue their where quarter Jewish the complex, Church (Assumption) Uspenska the to home nationaldifferent ofthe This heldwhichUkrainianmain the quarters. three quarters; quarter was whichnetwork it specificstreet gave characteri general and streets adjacent its with shape took square (Market) Rynok that timeframe is This ramparts. and walls defensiveof rows two byfortified was that medievalcenter new a into grew change not hasKing planning(Kniaz) theofwas city structure that Ukrainestates crown.” a by replaced and off taken been had hat its like looks hill the built been has castle the ab stands It wonder. world’s a also but hill a just not is castle the erected Lev King where Hill Castle “The as L’viv Martin traveler, a quotes Document Nomination The protected. be to add increaseand to (temples)dominants architectural would construction the considered time this at residents landscape ifThe scenery.or monument any of view theirobstruct them, to adjacent site any at construction the stop could resident mean simply which apopcia,” of rule followedthe “but random not was allocationthe However survive. not did hence and wood of constructed were buildings original The squares. do the of location exact the of proof provided and character linear the preserved had that functions defense the of note taking by first buildings; mentioned the of character the by century, thirteen the during AUTHENTICITY very the with association its architecture.” and landscape unchanged buildings, residential of character

UNESCO,World Heritage List, Design:

and the Armenian quarter which held the Armenian temple complex. Apparently complex. temple Armenian the held which quarter Armenian the and 124

Ukraine justifies the design authent design the justifies Ukraine minants (temples) that have survived as well as the streets and ancient cities cities ancient and streets the as well as survived have that (temples) minants

out the vacuous space and could be observed from any remote place. After place. remote any from observed be could and space vacuous the out

WHCNomination Documentation, 10.

stics not only in location but with but locationonlyconstruction not inthe stics icity of the King (Kniaz) city that was built built was that city (Kniaz) King the of icity value to the natural view, therefore needed needed therefore view, natural the to value

Gruneverg that Gruneverg d and instead it it instead and d s that each each that s

described 38

CEU eTD Collection 126 125 Aurelio architect, and engineer Italian the by reproduced was that same the is center historic the of panorama current the that claim even They preserved. remained has centuries nineteenth certainasandinteriorwell buildings, décorauthentic haveexterior as beenpreserved.” of design original “the that and harmed or compromised been not have constructions their the since into interwoven bui of were reconstructions and restoration that the that suggests dates State The later ensemble. established from Modern and Secession Ukrainian the of King city (Kniaz) the in included architecture The other. each with harmony in and melded have together seamlessly that cultures different many to home is site nominated the that is across get to ot with each go that buildingstimes different and styles different of harmony of example an is L’viv of city the of centre historical “bufferasproposedaState the zone which development,” its of directions main the “determined and city medieval the by forth set scheme” “spatial the to loyal stayed walls defense the of outside the on time the countryat construction the to way gave also they where city the into leading roads main the along defenses, cities the of outside form to the started city in the citycentury, 1772, eighteenth After the survived. though place in even set was and that system city the fires” “numerous the experienced within location their for allocation proper given for there and determined” strictly “were construction housing for quarters the of borders the UNESCO,World Heritage List, Ibid

Landscape: Constructions: and Materials Architecture,

is Renaissance, Gothic, Baroque, Rococo and Empire constructions with insertions with constructions Empire and Rococo Baroque, Gothic, Renaissance, is

Ukraine claims that the cityscape that was formed b formed was that cityscape the that claims Ukraine

WHCNominat

” to ‘Ensemble’the to ”site nominated. her and complement one another.” The point they are trying trying are they point The another.” one complement andher ion ion Documentation,10.

Ukraine states that “The ensemble of the the of ensemble “The that states Ukraine

mansions that existed. The The existed. that mansions 125 etween the thirteenth to to thirteenth the etween

126

ldings ldings has has 39

CEU eTD Collection 129 128 127 JapanConferencein the Kyoto, this They on that; subject. stated Greeceduring bymade agreestatement with the helpto but Partiescannot I State other meansto stone and wood carvings”havebeen well preserved. paintings, wall iconostasis, works, artistic “unique all that claims Ukraine listUkraine a beofwhat L’viv:‘authentic’ considersto to pub residential, of interior and exterior both buildings, Terrarum”in in“brought volumeandout VI 1618. Cologne” a as preserved still is which Passarotti

Ibid UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Documentation, 11. UNESCO,World Heritage List,

After seeing what Uk what seeing After Workmanship:    

Wt rgr t te recomm the to regard “With and Forged Metal works Pottery Carpentry works Stone alterations or restorations of various kinds. Only a more analytical analytical more a Only the between relationship the of magnitude the kinds. assess to used variousis approach of restorations or alterations the in “authentic” is absolu monument ancient No valid. meaning of empty is specification, appropriate an by accompanied not and“authenticity”, word the concept complex a is authenticity that stress would we authenticity,

te and complete sense. All underwent during their long existence, existence, long their during underwent All sense. complete and te

–

roof and facingandrooftiles kan cam t hv ee peevd h clr o te historical the of colors the preserved even have to claims Ukraine –

wooden cavediconostasiswoodenbeams, benches,wall constructions

WHCNomination Documentation, 10. –

raine considers to be ‘authentic’ and knowing what ‘authenticity’ what knowing and ‘authentic’ be to considers raine elaboratedportals,frames, minorwindowattics, plastics,décor

129

graphic picture that was published in the “Civitates Orbis Orbis “Civitates the in published was that picture graphic –

doors,window

endation of the Advisory Body on on Body Advisory the of endation lic and sacred buildings. The following is following The buildings. sacred and lic - shutters, lattice,shutters,crosses, décor

127

128

CEU eTD Collection 2003 ComposingUrban History the and Constituti 132 1998,Juneaccessed 3,2014, http://whc.unesco.org/archive/repcom98a8.htm 131 same issuesas‘authenticity’ does. sidesand to everystory. This is the onlypart that the delegate should have thought longer about. Truth hasthe 130 Lviviansinnate certainhavethis tenden themselves. than less felt they etc. politics, culture, language, of was that part whether giveup, themselves to had they imperialism of scenario every In Germanization. and Polanization destructive. so Sovietizati with been modernization equate have foremost modernization and first of Lvivians attempts past the when them blame can who modernity.” with deals failure important but … periods some of representation in gaps evident are “there that agree Susak and Hrytsak atrocities. century twentieth the especially time period, historythat since unwanted they when time a at look and past the in them upon forced been have that identities imperial of differences past the about forget to attempt isan It nation. the together bring andbuildhelp to effort consciousa building are they what is timeframethis about, romanticize simply is to seem area the includes in Ukrainians and L’vivians it which period A property period. medieval the to restricted the and lists Ukraine that ‘authenticity’ The lifespan. its in an someinkeep at shape to ofsomerestorative without work sort art ‘original’ pieceof whole as time withstand to able been has nothing that and others for ‘authentic’ necessarily not the that point the Basically

JohnJ. Czaplicka UNESCO,World Heritage Committee, “Annex VI Truth: This anotheris subject that is vastly debated. What whoand issay to trutis , pg. 159. ,pg.

cultures will soon clarify a concept used today, but marked by an an by marked but today, used concept a ambiguitycangooda bebackup only detrimentalthat policy.” to clarify soon will histori cultures and of nuances and formal difference the account into the taking theme the on and reflection art ancient of work ,

BlairA Ruble, were united or at least fought for their unification and looking past their their past looking and unification their for fought least at or united were

Delegate is making here is that what is ‘authentic’ to one person is person one to ‘authentic’ is what that is here making is Delegate

and

LaurenCrabtree on Civicof Identities cies to revert earlier ciesto to ‘golden’eras. 132 I I,”22

The city of L’viv seems afraid to modernize, and modernize, to afraid seems L’viv of city The .

“ConstructingNationala City: The Caseof L’viv nd

session,Kyoto,Japa .

WashingtonD.C.

their cultural nationalism on. This is This nationalismon. cultural their a truth. cal . n,30 November

on and then next would be be would next then and on :Woodrow Wilson Center Press; hful. There are manytruths 130

131 – broad A

5December

a much more more much a .” In

point point 41

CEU eTD Collection 133 “[s]ince And monuments. the of catalogue republican a compiled they and Culture and History P for Society the 60’s the In Architecture. of Department Oblast the under was supervision the 70’s to 50’s the During it. surrounding politics the and memory historical on impact deep a had has process this course Of as 1. Soviets chapter in the detail more mentioned to back and German to Soviet from city the for change regime of time a was this Again alone. purpose this for created were that commissions other as well as Committee, Ci Office theof passedto the was torch had the 40’s Municipality the in then L’viv and buildings historical of the protect and Control restore to Building responsibility for Directorate the point this At state.” histori the and Property Historical of Inventory Grono the to torch the passed launchedof ProgramNational the theyGalicia. ofIn Eastern1930 OrganizationConservators of then and Monuments, Historical on Commission Central in started Conservation city.was thefor stipulations of‘authenticity’ History Conservation cultural,asa develop attract center.and educational tourist and hel to attractions tourist and spaces pedestrian networks, transportation but buildings, the just not or maintenance and restoration provides or helps city the zones conservation the re special a have that buildings regulated of zones the and zone landscapeprotective are: exist that Zones The spaces. Zoning

UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Docume The justification also discusses the Conservation history and L’viv City Councils Councils City L’viv and history Conservation the discusses also justification The the protect legal help to zones special into separated been has L’viv in territory The

gime of conservation and how they can use the historical environment. In environment. historical the use can they how and conservation of gime

ty Chief Architect and the architectural department of Oblast Executive ofOblast architectural anddepartment Architect the Chief ty

ntation,12. cal monuments “became the property of the the of property the “became monuments cal

133

reservation Monuments of of Monuments reservation the mid the - 19 th

century by the bythe century p maintain, maintain, p 42

CEU eTD Collection 135 134 walls defensive fragmented the clearly more out spelled UNESCO note another On Ukraine. t buildings few a name just to Hotel George and House Opera the of aware been have should they investigations their did ICOMOS and UNESCO when however included, Ukraine that date later a from originating woul they why wonder mid one make the it century to dating only buildings is there UNESCO of heart the France, Paris, in withagree itsignificance notthe building.was builtofConsideringtime or the period of the that InsuranceCompa ‘Dnister’ of House the was which exclusion, onlyone multi groups. Hungarian and Italian Polish,German, multi cities the acknowledges buil of group a being by property cultural of terms their fit property the of category The them. before set was that everything almost to agreed UNESCO marriage. perfect a be to consider would L’vivians Nomination the ofResults city’scomparativethea qualitiesand do analysiswell briefasas a description. Council City L’viv isExecutivepre Committeethefor responsible of environment historical the of protection the for Directorate the 1992 UNESCO,World Heritage WHCList, Nomination Docume UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nominati - ethnic and multi andethnic The finalized approved list of buildings involved was pretty much kept kept much pretty was involved buildings of list approved finalized The justi to decision UNESCO’s discuss they where ICOMOS by Evaluation and includes also document nomination The dings that was established during the 1972 World Heritage Convention. UNESCO Convention. Heritage World 1972 the during established was that dings

- religious aspects, whichbeL’vivforaspects, hugereligious seemsa plusto UNESCO. for hat would meet their requirements if they had been in Paris versus versus Paris in been had they if requirements their meet would hat

- ethnic population including Ukrainian, Armenian, Jewish, Jewish, Armenian, Ukrainian, including population ethnic fy the nomination in June was the beginning of what what of beginning the was June in nomination the fy onDocumentation, d not accept this building. It is the only building building only the is It building. this accept not d servationhistoricarchitecture.” of 135

ntation,8. This history seems to be tailored around th around tailoredbe to seems history This 10

8 .

ny. Either UNESCO did did UNESCO Eitherny.

intact, 134

- nineteenth there was there ese 43

CEU eTD Collection 140 139 138 137 136 forthcomparativeputtinga analysis states: which in further step a went they but Ukraine, by forth put already was what restated just ICOMOS onwards.” Ages Middle the from quality high of buildings secular and contains religious also It intact. almost pattern street and topography urban medieval its retained has exceptional an is “L’viv Evaluation ICOMOS upwas not work their standardsto ofreconstructing original.the restoration and conservation 19 the in out carried work somerestoration “that is thrilledwith not was UNESCO that thing only The authenticity.” th materials the of terms in that and intact survived has mid th betweenbuilt1574 Arsenal City the list; includedbethe on wasto hadwhat andsurvived that e Baroque Royal Arsenal built in 1639, and the Gunpowder Tower that was constructed in the the inconstructed was that Tower Gunpowder the and 1639, inbuilt Arsenal Royal Baroque e

UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Docume UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomina UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Docume Exceptfor Greecethat wasstated earlier the in chapter. UNESCO,World Heritage List, WHC Nomination Docume - sixteenthcentury. ICOMOS’s evaluation of the stated property occurred in January of 1998, stating that that stating 1998, of January in occurred property stated the of evaluation ICOMOS’s agreeable. very is UNESCO, by set as Authenticity, on o mdea oii b vru o te f the of virtue by origin medieval European eastern of and towns central of group the among exceptional is “L’viv inheritageits placesofchurches other ofand worship.” from different of significantlyKrakow that however, was, trajectory historical Heritage World Its the on List. is which (Poland), Krakow is compared be may it which with region the in town only The II. War World from unscathed

136 th

ly well preserved example of an eastern European historic town, which town, historic European eastern an of example preserved well ly

n ery 20 early and

, and this is reflected in its urban structure, and ininand its structure, particular urbanis and reflected this, a be li down.” laid been had th tionDocumentation, 110.

centuries” occurred “before the current standards of of standards current the “before occurred centuries”

ntation,110. ntation,110. ntation,108. 138

hrfr maig ht h restorative the that meaning Therefore at they are at an “acceptable level of of level “acceptable an at are they at 137

act that it emerged almost almost emerged it that act

They consider the urban layout urban the consider They 140

139

Basically - 44 5, 5,

CEU eTD Collection 143 142 141 national a of distinctiveness the enhance and preserve to “seeks Nationalism Cultural a to attempt their in Nationalism Ukrainian promote permanently to UNESCO of community international well.” as memory historical a just not promoting ofidea the on stuck where mayor, the as wellas committee the timeframethis here.” encounter would they thing the be exactly not wouldit … city[,] the of tourists the likely, center.” tourist European major a into L’viv transform to program ambitious an launch to tried person, minded 1 from mayor Conclusion foundJunetheyof1998 be recommendations the satisfactory. to in and on work would they agreed Ukraine that areas nominated the to recommendations als They purpose. no has currently and skyline the dominated it since removed be to antenna and mast a that suggested They space. the improve to well as suggestions historyatmosphereandbeby seencan which the make similar a holds it Simply Czaplickaand Ruble Czaplicakand Ruble, “Constructinga National TheCity: Case ofL’viv,” pg. Ibid

According to Yaroslav Hrytsak and Victor Susak “Vasyl’ Kuibida, the city’s city’s the Kuibida, “Vasyl’ Susak Victor and Hrytsak Yaroslav to According some made they observation, for there just not was however ICOMOS, “Ukrainian image of the city but to promote a national version of Ukrainian Ukrainian of version national a promote to but city the of image “Ukrainian

9 utl al 20 ad i ta, opsd f one ad reform and younger of composed team, his and 2002 early until 994 nchor themselves in the world using a form of cultural nationalism. nationalism. cultural of form a using world the in themselves nchor , from abroad would be most interested to see the multicultural legacy multicultural the see to interested most be would abroad from

“ConstructingNationala City: The Case of L’viv,” pg.159.

141

143

oee ter fot, rta ad ua fe ta “most that feel Susak and Hrytsak efforts, their However

- p f ht f rkw bt ih mr multi more a with but Krakow, of that of up kan i tyn t mk ter ak y sn the using by mark their make to trying is Ukraine

varietyofchurches.

153.

142 -

cultural cultural o made o During - 45

CEU eTD Collection 146 145 Architecture and theContemporary City 144 abov Austrian the under prior years hundred a over started was that process a is but century, twentieth late the during Ukraine on mark its made nation the at both politics and city their onhave not may or may this that impact the realizing fully not nationalism, of form a as this using as well as community international the in claim historicalpolitics sharedmonumentsare that places, such byand humanity. all of associated the this with and ‘heritage’ of ideals the together linking and promoting by 1972 hierarchies.” historical and lineages ethnic champions nationalism cultural urbanization, and modernization of Jarzombek, Mark tradition.” and history of constructions selective the through consciousness

Ibid Ibid MarkJarzombek, “TheMetaphysics of Permanence e. Conventi

So for bett for So al and international level. Cultural nationalism is not something that has just just has that something not is nationalism Cultural level. international and al on Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage Heritage Natural and Cultural World the of Protection the Concerning on

states that “[u]nlike state nationalism, which often embraces a platform a embraces oftennationalism, which “[u]nlikestate that states er or worse, the Ukraine has used UNESCO as a way to stake their their stake to way a as UNESCO used has Ukraine the worse, or er

145

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,vol. 21, Winter2011, pg.125. –

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