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Catching Words in a Stream of Speech
Catching Words in a Stream of Speech: Computational Simulations of Segmenting Transcribed Child-Directed Speech Çagrı˘ Çöltekin CLCG The work presented here was carried out under the auspices of the School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience and the Center for Language and Cognition Groningen of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Groningen. Groningen Dissertations in Linguistics 97 ISSN 0928-0030 2011, Çagrı˘ Çöltekin This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. Cover art, titled auto, by Franek Timur Çöltekin Document prepared with LATEX 2" and typeset by pdfTEX Printed by Wöhrmann Print Service, Zutphen RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT GRONINGEN Catching Words in a Stream of Speech Computational Simulations of Segmenting Transcribed Child-Directed Speech Proefschrift ter verkrijging van het doctoraat in de Letteren aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen op gezag van de Rector Magnificus, dr. E. Sterken, in het openbaar te verdedigen op donderdag 8 december 2011 om 14.30 uur door Çagrı˘ Çöltekin geboren op 28 februari 1972 Çıldır, Turkije Promotor: Prof. dr. ir. J. Nerbonne Beoordelingscommissie: Prof. dr. A. van den Bosch Prof. dr. P. Hendriks Prof. dr. P. Monaghan ISBN (electronic version): 978-90-367-5259-6 ISBN (print version): 978-90-367-5232-9 Preface I started my PhD project with a more ambitious goal than what might have been achieved in this dissertation. I wanted to touch most issues of language acquisition, developing computational models for a wider range of phenomena. -
The Adaptive Significance of Human Language
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Senior Thesis Projects, 1993-2002 College Scholars 2000 The Adaptive Significance of Human Language Nathan Oesch Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_interstp2 Recommended Citation Oesch, Nathan, "The Adaptive Significance of Human Language" (2000). Senior Thesis Projects, 1993-2002. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_interstp2/52 This Project is brought to you for free and open access by the College Scholars at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Thesis Projects, 1993-2002 by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Adaptive Significance of Human Language Nathan Oesch Department of Psychology University of Tennessee, Knoxville noesch @ utk. edu Abstract Many experts have argued that human language is fundamentally incompatible with the principles of traditional Darwinian evolutionary theory. According to conventional Darwinian explanations, specific traits evolved among species according to gradual and incremental genetic changes, each of which that were in some way so favorable to the survival and reproduction of ancestral generations that they were ultimately preserved within successive generations of those species. Human language, it has been said, is simply to complex to be explained as a result of Darwinian explanations, since each successive step in the evolution of language would confer no obvious survival benefits to its recipients. According to this idea, language is such an "all-or none system," that it could not possibly have existed in any immediately beneficial intermediate forms and thus could not have evolved according to conventional Darwinian modes of explanation. -
The Strange Survival and Apparent Resurgence of Sociobiology
This is a repository copy of The strange survival and apparent resurgence of sociobiology. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/118157/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Dennis, A. orcid.org/0000-0003-4625-1123 (2018) The strange survival and apparent resurgence of sociobiology. History of the Human Sciences, 31 (1). pp. 19-35. ISSN 0952- 6951 https://doi.org/10.1177/0952695117735966 Dennis A. The strange survival and apparent resurgence of sociobiology. History of the Human Sciences. 2018;31(1):19-35. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0952695117735966. Article available under the terms of the CC- BY-NC-ND licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. This licence only allows you to download this work and share it with others as long as you credit the authors, but you can’t change the article in any way or use it commercially. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ The strange survival and apparent resurgence of sociobiology Abstract A recent dispute between Richard Dawkins and Edward O. Wilson concerning fundamental concepts in sociobiology is examined. -
Linguistic Relativity Hyp
THE LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY HYPOTHESIS by Michele Nathan A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Social Science in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida December 1973 THE LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY HYPOTHESIS by Michele Nathan This thesis was prepared under the direction of the candidate's thesis advisor, Dr. John D. Early, Department of Anthropology, and has been approved by the members of his supervisory committee. It was submitted to the faculty of the College of Social Science and was accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: &~ rl7 IC?13 (date) 1 ii ABSTRACT Author: Michele Nathan Title: The Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis Institution: Florida Atlantic University Degree: Master of Arts Year: 1973 Although interest in the linguistic relativity hypothesis seems to have waned in recent years, this thesis attempts to assess the available evidence supporting it in order to show that further investigation of the hypothesis might be most profitable. Special attention is paid to the fact that anthropology has largely failed to substantiate any claims that correlations between culture and the semantics of language do exist. This has been due to the impressionistic nature of the studies in this area. The use of statistics and hypothesis testing to provide mor.e rigorous methodology is discussed in the hope that employing such paradigms would enable anthropology to contribute some sound evidence regarding t~~ hypothesis. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction • 1 CHAPTER I THE.HISTORY OF THE FORMULATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS. -
Biological Pluralism in Service of Biolinguistics
Biological pluralism in service of biolinguistics Pedro Tiago Martins1, Evelina Leivada2, Antonio Ben´ıtez-Burraco3, and Cedric Boeckx2,4 1Pompeu Fabra University 2University of Barcelona 3University of Huelva 4Catalan Institute for Advanced Studies Abstract The aim of this chapter is to offer a fresh perspective on what has come to be known as biolinguistics, a term which, in our view, encompasses all research and methods devoted to the unveiling of the biological foundations of human language. More specifically, our aim is twofold: first, we point out some of the shortcomings of the naive view of biology that has been in place in linguistics since the 1950s and 1960s, namely the notion of the faculty of language as a novelty and the sharp distinction between I- and E-language, which, we contend, has not provided any major insights into the biological nature of language; second, we offer some of the insights from biology, which may provide the theoretical and methodological framework which allows for a truly biological study of language, and thus for a re-hauled biolinguistics Chomsky (1957). 1 Introduction The first sign of a biological orientation for the study of language was the work of Noam Chomsky and Eric Lenneberg, among just a few others, who in the 1950s and 1960s rejected the structuralist linguistics of the time, believing instead that languages, despite meticulously described, were not explained as a natural phenomenon. The overarching assumption of their work is that 1 languages are not learned in the conventional sense of the term (i.e. the way one would learn a craft or how to play a musical instrument), but rather a product of a biologically determined and biologically constrained capacity of humans, located in the brain, which must be innate. -
The Language Instinct Steven Pinker June 18
The Language Instinct Steven Pinker June 18 - June 26, 2004 Mans uniqeuness in the universe has during recent history suffered many setbacks, the latest of them being the contention that not even his language ability sets him apart from his biological cousins - the Apes. Pinker easily debunks such claims as so much media- hype and wishful thinking. Clearly if the apes would have the potential for language, they would have discovered it and exploited it for their own purposes a long time ago. In fact in actual experiments deaf observers noted far fewer incidents of true handsigning then the more guillable normal-hearers, who charitably tended to interpret any movement of the hands as imbued with intentional symbolism. True, apes do communicate with each other, by sound as well as signs in the wild, but the purported incidents of language use, were invariably repetitive and shallow, no match to the sophistication of toddlers. Man learns to walk and talk without any explict instruction. So remarkable and so universal is the effortlessness of the acquisition that it is natural to consider it as instinctive. When it comes to locomotion such claims are uncontroversial, while when loquaciousness is concerned it is more disputable. Pinker presents as evidence for an innate language ability the phenomena of pidgin and creole. When people are thrown together with no common language, a pidgin inevitably emerges. This is a primitive and provisional language, using tidbits of vocabulary from ambient tongues pasted together using a rudimentary make- shift syntax. Young children exposed to pidgin instinctively make a real language out of it, imposing syntactic rules and thus rendering it expressive. -
Review: a Study in Human Capacities Reviewed Work(S): Genie. A
Review: A Study in Human Capacities Reviewed Work(s): Genie. A Psycholinguistic Study of a Modern-Day "Wild Child" by Susan Curtiss Susan Goldin-Meadow Science, New Series, Vol. 200, No. 4342. (May 12, 1978), pp. 649-651. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0036-8075%2819780512%293%3A200%3A4342%3C649%3AASIHC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P Science is currently published by American Association for the Advancement of Science. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/aaas.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. -
Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:54 14 August 2016 Classic Case Studies in Psychology
Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:54 14 August 2016 Classic Case Studies in Psychology The human mind is both extraordinary and compelling. But this is more than a collection of case studies; it is a selection of stories that illustrate some of the most extreme forms of human behaviour. From the leader who convinced his followers to kill themselves to the man who lost his memory; from the boy who was brought up as a girl to the woman with several personalities, Geoff Rolls illustrates some of the most fundamental tenets of psychology. Each case study has provided invaluable insights for scholars and researchers, and amazed the public at large. Several have been the inspiration for works of fiction, for example the story of Kim Peek, the real Rain Man. This new edition features three new case studies, including the story of Charles Decker who was tried for the attempted murder of two people but acquitted on the basis of a neurological condition, and Dorothy Martin, whose persisting belief in an impending alien invasion is an illuminating example of cognitive dissonance. In addition, each case study is contextualized with more typical behaviour, while the latest thinking in each sub-field is also discussed. Classic Case Studies in Psychology is accessibly written and requires no prior knowledge of psychology, but simply an interest in the human condition. It is a book that will amaze, sometimes disturb, but above all enlighten its readers. Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:54 14 August 2016 Geoff Rolls is Head of Psychology at Peter Symonds College in Winchester and formerly a Research Fellow at Southampton University, UK. -
The Archidoxes of Magic, 2010, Theophrastus Paracelsus, 1163581216, 9781163581216, Kessinger Publishing, 2010
The Archidoxes of Magic, 2010, Theophrastus Paracelsus, 1163581216, 9781163581216, Kessinger Publishing, 2010 DOWNLOAD http://bit.ly/1x1etg0 http://goo.gl/RN6Tr http://www.powells.com/s?kw=The+Archidoxes+of+Magic Of the Supreme Mysteries of Nature; of the Spirits of Planets; Secrets of Alchemy; Occult Philosophy; Signs of the Zodiack, Magical Cure of Diseases; and Celestial Medicines; Partial Contents: Of Simple Fire; Multiplicity of Fire; The Metals of the Planets; Spirit of the Sun; Moon, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn; Of Tinctures how they are made; Conjunction of Male and Female; To make the Furnace; To place the Fire; The Red Colour; Of Consecrations; Of Ceremonies Magical; Of Conjurations; Supernatural Diseases must have Supernatural Cures; Visions and Dreams; Dreams natural and Supernatural; Of Imagination; Of Hidden Treasure; The Abuse of Magick; Preservatives against Witchcraft; Manner of helping persons bewitched; Of the mystery of the twelve Signs; Celestial Medicines. DOWNLOAD http://bit.ly/1jMAVSQ http://avaxsearch.com/?q=The+Archidoxes+of+Magic http://bit.ly/1lmpSnE , , , , . The Strangest Animals in the World , S. Talalaj, May 1, 1994, Animals, 221 pages. Describes the habits and characteristics of many peculiar animals. Also outlines mysteries and myths associated with certain animals such as crocodiles, rats and baboonsBetter How Jesus Satisfies the Search for Meaning, Tim Chaddick, Craig Borlase, Sep 1, 2013, Religion, 240 pages. “What does it take to find satisfaction? Will I ever find something in life that’s better than this?” Most people live a life they never would have planned. The good news is The 'Language Instinct' Debate Revised Edition, Geoffrey Sampson, Apr 1, 2005, Language Arts & Disciplines, 224 pages. -
Language Is Instinct: a New Paradigm in Linguistics
LANGUAGE IS INSTINCT: A NEW PARADIGM IN LINGUISTICS A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Guelph by ALAN BELK In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Arts September, 1998 O Alan Belk 1998 National Library Bibliothèque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services seMces bibliographiques 39!5 WeUingtori Street 395. rue Wellington OttawaON K1AW Ottawa ON K1A ûN4 canada canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distn'bute or sell reproduire, prêter, disûi'buer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/nIm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fkom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otheNVIse de celle-ci ne doivent Seimprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation, LANGUAGE IS INSTINCT: A NEW PARADIGM IN LINGUISTICS Alan Belk Advisor: University of Guelph 1998 Professor Michael Ruse If we can idencify a science, descnbe its paradigm, anomalies and research questions, recognize a cnsis or impending crisis and a cornpeting paradigm, then a revolution as described by Thomas Kuhn (1970) is taking place. Steven Pinker's book The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creares Language is, according to its Preface, intended to explain the current state of knowledge about language. -
Beyond Grammar Linguistics in Language and Writing Courses
Access Provided by Queens College (CUNY) at 08/21/11 6:51PM GMT Beyond Grammar Linguistics in Language and Writing Courses Ann Evans Over the past half century, traditional rule- based prescriptive/proscriptive teaching methods have been largely discarded. Prescriptive pedagogy had seemed so simple — tell the students what to do and have them do it — but students found it boring, and researchers and teachers thought there could be a better way. Usage rules like “don’t split an infinitive” and “never say ‘ain’t’ ” ultimately lose their integrity anyway for two reasons: (1) language is always changing, and (2) commonly accepted usage often does not follow the rules. Certain prescriptive aids are still widely and justifiably used but are no longer the main emphasis in the classroom. Noam Chomsky revolutionized the way we look at language with his book Syntactic Structures (1957). Researchers have since enhanced, chal- lenged, and expanded upon Chomsky’s work in the area of syntax, and still others have advanced our knowledge in related fields such as sociolinguistics, semantics, psycholinguistics, and historical linguistics. The results of this extensive research have not been included in general curricula, nor have they become common knowledge within the larger population. In 1964, M. A. K. Halliday, Angus McIntosh, and Peter Strevens argued that the locus for a more ample, holistic study of language should be the secondary school: “Is our language so poor and uninteresting a thing that we put it in the school curriculum only in order to fight for its lost causes, to pass pathetic judgments on some of its marginal features? We should be Pedagogy: Critical Approaches to Teaching Literature, Language, Composition, and Culture Volume 11, Number 2 doi 10.1215/15314200-1218067 © 2011 by Duke University Press 285 ashamed to let anyone leave our secondary schools knowing so little of how their language works and of the part it plays in our lives” (230). -
Type Title of Your Paper Here
THE APPLICATION OF SAPIR–WHORF HYPOTHESIS IN ENGLISH TEACHING IN CHINA Approved by Richard Garrett on May 12, 2013 1 THE APPLICATION OF SAPIR–WHORF HYPOTHESIS IN ENGLISH TEACHING IN CHINA __________________ A Seminar Paper Presented to The Graduate Faculty University of Wisconsin-Platteville __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Master of Science in Education English Education __________________ By Yuan Huiling(Rosemary Yuan) 2013 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is completed with the assistance of many individuals. Without their generous and expert help, insightful comments and continuous encouragement, I would not have been able to complete my research and thesis. First of all, I would like to express my deepest and warmest thanks to my advisor, Dr. Yuanyuan Hu, for her great help, considerable patience and understanding. She gave me so many constructive suggestions on how to conduct the research. Much of the thinking that went into this thesis grew out of discussion with her. I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge Dr. Richard Garrett, for his great patience and deeply trust. It really means a lot to me. I also owe a special debt of gratitude to Mr. Valleymist, who has offered me valuable suggestions and provided me with inspiring advice. The most important is I can't finish this paper without his emotional support. I should finally like to express my gratitude to my boss, who gives me some valuable news, and my classmates, who have always been there to help and support me.