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Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Inglês: Estudos Linguísticos E Literários

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Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Inglês: Estudos Linguísticos E Literários UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM INGLÊS: ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS E LITERÁRIOS Meggie Rosar Fornazari LOCALIZATION PRACTICES IN TRADING CARD GAMES: MAGIC THE GATHERING FROM ENGLISH INTO PORTUGUESE Dissertação submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inglês: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Inglês. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Lincoln Fernandes Florianópolis 2014 v Acknowledgements I would like to thank some people who played important roles in the process of these two years of academic work, consciously or not. To professors: Celso Tumolo, for teaching me how to write altogether; Raquel D’Ely and Rosely Xavier, for teaching me how to teach and how to write about teaching; to Maria Lúcia Milléo and Rosvitha Blume for presenting me with a closer look on Ernest Hemingway and post- WWII literature. Without your inspiration in undergraduate classes, I would not have managed to join PPGI. To Marco Rocha, for showing me the importance of grammar in corpus-based research; to Viviane Heberle, for opening my eyes to multidisciplinary and multimodal analyses; and Cristiane Vidal, for validating games research as something feasible and academic. To my advisor, professor Lincoln Fernandes, for being the devil’s advocate during revision stages, helping me to think critically about my ideas and teaching me about life in a university department. To my colleagues at TraCor, Grupo de Tradução e Corpora, especially Carlos Eduardo da Silva, for teaching me about working in cooperation with the research of others and creating a functional and efficient analysis system for us all to use. To my family, for the never-ending and ever-increasing support and pride in my academic life, work, travel, and endeavors. Especially to my academic mentors, Luciana and Jó, who have demonstrated to me that the road is long, but rewarding. To Volnei, for bringing me back to the game after 10 years, for being more proud of me than I was at times, for keeping my spirits up when I faltered, and for being at my side. To CNPq, for the financial support and for allowing me to teach English for 12h/week during my studies – a permission of great importance for my housing and sustenance in a city with expensive life costs such as Florianópolis. To Wizards of the Coast, owner of all rights pertaining to Magic The Gathering − a game which I do not own, but love to study. To people who are or have been part of their group and have helped me in the course of these two years: Mark Rosewater, Jennifer Meyen Robles, Gerald Blomgren, Aaron Forsythe, and Gavin Verhey of Wizards, professional players Paulo Vitor Damo da Rosa, Melissa DeTora, Michelle Olsen, and Miguel Gatica, Thaddeus Blanchette and Henrique Amigo of Devir, as well vi as Esther Jansen and Maryam Jaddoo of Alpha CRC − you have helped me to build legitimacy for my work. Finally, to the Magic player community in Florianópolis, especially to hobby stores Dragon's House and A Toca Revistaria − friendly and inviting environments to make friends and make Magic, as well as contacts and gather more ideas. To our local judges and long time players, for their timely aid in relation to the history of Magic when my short player history faltered. For all our Friday Night and Prerelease events, for the fun and camaraderie towards a female player that unfortunately is still not seen in other parts of the world. Also, to my Tumblr followers who have been close and encouraging watchers of my writing process. Spellslingers, this is only the beginning. vii Abstract The localization of a Trading Card Game of long durability and frequent updating such as Magic the Gathering (USA, 2003-present) requires a specific and detailed translation in relation to consistency, while following certain policies. This study presents a parallel, bilingual corpus created to observe technical constraints and localization policies which may pertain to the translation of such type of material from English into Brazilian Portuguese. In order to do so, the textual spoiler of 249 cards in each language has been extracted, aligned, and analyzed using Wordsmith 3.0 and Notepad++, with theoretical support of the translation description model created by Lambert & Van Gorp (1985) adapted for this genre. Macro analyses and subsequent micro analyses have both resulted in the observation of a translation product in Portuguese that is linguistically adequate to the target system, but not acceptable in the target cultural system. Additionally, certain sections of the product which require less rigidity in relation to the game rules could gain from the use of transcreation. Keywords: Translation Practices, Localization, Trading Card Games. viii Resumo A localização de um Jogo de Estampas Ilustradas de longa duração e atualização frequente como Magic The Gathering (EUA, 2003-atual) requer tradução específica e detalhada em relação a consistência lexical, ao mesmo tempo em que certas políticas devem ser seguidas. Este estudo apresenta um corpus paralelo e bilíngue criado a fim de observar restrições técnicas e políticas de localização que possam ser pertinentes à tradução de tal material do inglês ao Português do Brasil. Para tal fim, o texto de 249 cards em cada língua foi extraído, alinhado e analisado utilizando os programas Wordsmith 3.0 e Notepad++, com aporte teórico do modelo descritivo de traduções criado por Lambert e Van Gorp (1985) adaptado para o gênero. Ambas macro e micro análises resultaram na observação de um produto tradutório linguisticamente adequado ao sistema-alvo do Português, mas que não é aceitável em seu sistema cultural. Além disso, certas seções do produto que requerem menos rigidez em relação às regras do jogo poderiam ganhar em qualidade com o uso da transcriação. Palavras-Chave: Práticas Tradutórias, Localização, Jogos de Estampas Ilustradas. ix List of Tables Table 1: Descriptive translation analysis model, adapted from Lambert & Van Gorp (1985) for the context of Trading Card Games. ....................................... 47 Table 2: Corpus details (Fernandes, 2004, p. 93). ............................................ 52 Table 3: text selection criteria. .......................................................................... 53 Table 4: Preliminary data on the corpus metatext (Basic Rulebook in English and Portuguese) ................................................................................................ 60 Table 5: Most frequent non-grammatical words (over 100 occurrences each) in each language. .................................................................................................. 60 Table 6: Most common collocates with the word can (collocational horizon 1L and 1R). ............................................................................................................ 61 Table 7: Semantic sorting of the 50 most frequent words in the studied corpus, as defined by the author .................................................................................... 68 Table 8: 10 sample card names from the studied corpus which exemplify the sophisticated vocabulary used in both languages, implying the use of such vocabulary as one localization practice. ........................................................... 69 Table 9: 10 sample mechanics keywords from the studied corpus, accompanied by their reminder text. ....................................................................................... 70 x List of Figures Figure 1: A Land-type card explaining a game mechanic (Exalted) returning in the Magic 2013 Core Set, and its localization to Brazilian Portuguese (Source: Gatherer.wizards.com – actual size). ................................................................ 17 Figure 2: Creature, Artifact, Sorcery, Instant, Planeswalker, and Enchantment card samples from the studied corpus. Source: Gatherer.wizards.com – 60% of actual size ......................................................................................................... 19 Figure 3: Plains, Forest, Mountain, Swamp, Island, and non-basic Land card samples from the studied corpus. Source: Gatherer.wizards.com – 60% of actual size. ........................................................................................................ 20 Figure 4: Creature-type cards with examples of static, triggered, and activated abilities ordered respectively from left to right. Source: Gatherer.wizards.com – 60% of actual size. ........................................................................................... 22 Figure 5: The organization of the present study within the 12 areas of Translation Studies defined by Williams and Chesterman (2002). .................. 23 Figure 6: A Goblin-supertype Creature card present in the studied corpus and its localization into Brazilian Portuguese. (Source: Gatherer.wizards.com – actual size) ........................................................................................................ 29 Figure 7: A Creature-type card and its localization to Brazilian Portuguese, which presents smaller font sizes. (Source: Gatherer.wizards.com – actual size) .......................................................................................................................... 32 Figure 8: A Sorcery-type card, named Mind Rot, and its localization to Brazilian Portuguese, named Estiolar a Mente. (Source: Gatherer.wizards.com – actual size) ....................................................................................................
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