Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(1): 245-256

E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Check list of (Araneae) of : JEZS 2016; 4(1): 245-256 © 2016 JEZS A review Received: 13-11-2015

Accepted: 16-12-2015 Mobeen Ghazanfar, Mubashar Hussain, Muhammad Hashim, Ata Ul Mobeen Ghazanfar Mustafa fahid Reseacher, Department of Zoology, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Abstract Pakistan. The current study was conducted at the University of Gujrat during 2015. The data concerning “check list of spider (Araneae) fauna of Pakistan” reviewed and compiled as a review paper from published articles Mubashar Hussain of international regarded journals, Annual/Environmental Reports of documented organization. Department of Zoology, are diverse group of invertebrates that play vital role in the ecosystem; there is co-evolutionary University of Gujrat, Hafiz relationship between spiders and insect pest. They act as biological control in every agri-ecosystem. For Hayat Campus, Gujrat, efficient sampling of spiders detailed ecological knowledge and information is lacking. This paper Pakistan. highlights the biodiversity of spider fauna in different regions of Pakistan. There is dire need to explore

Muhammad Hashim the spider fauna of Pakistan and conservation to save the spiders as they are beneficial creature and play Reseacher, Department of their great role in ecosystem and food chains, insect population regulation. Zoology, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Keywords: Spider fauna, Araneae, , Biological control agents Pakistan 1. Introduction Ata Ul Mustafa fahid Pakistan is situated between latitude 24 and 37 degrees north and longitude 62 and 75 degrees Reseacher, Department of Zoology, University of Gujrat, east. Pakistan is an agricultural country, occupy strategic place in its economy and topography Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, of Pakistan extent between subtropical to semi arid climate. Pakistan Spiders are ancient and successful group of invertebrate [1] also called poisonous arthropods [2]. Some scientists believed that origin of spider take place in sea. Later spider evolved in two groups, one without and second with extensor leg muscles. 400 million years

ago spider originated. Recent spiders have unsegmented abdomen but earliest spider was with segmented body and larger in size. Most ancient type of spiders belonged to the suborder Mesothelae. In New York, USA oldest fossil of period (410 to 360 million years) was found in rock. The fossil spiders with segmented abdomen were recognized from period (360 to 290 million years). In Mesozoic era (240 to 65 million years)

little information about spider is available. Newer spider for catching flying insects developed aerial web in flora and early built web near the ground. Spider evolution correlated to the insect’s evolution [3]. Spiders belong to class Arachnida, order Araneae and Phylum Arthropoda. They vary in size, shape and behavior. Body divided into cephalothorax, abdomen, have pedipalps, eight legs, no antenna, produce silk. They use the silk to wrap the prey, to hang from and to make egg sacs [4, 5] [6]. and nests . A single spider may produce more than a half dozen difference kinds of silk They exploit a wide variety of niches in virtually all the earth’s biomes and highly rich Arthropoda. Some species of spiders build webs and trap prey in webs whereas some are webless. Spiders are taxonomically diverse, indicators of environmental change and community level diversity. They show variety of ecological niches [7]. Spiders are venomous,

40 species of spiders are potentially deadly to humans. Spiders are voracious predators and [8] carnivorous. The worldwide status of the of the spiders has depicted by Platnick . Spiders are the group of comprises more than thirty thousand species, 60 families distributed over worldwide [6]. Biological control is the most effective control measures against insect pests. Insect pests have Correspondence [9] Mobeen Ghazanfar successfully been controlled by using natural predators like spiders and beetles . Spiders are [10-13] Department of Zoology, natural predators in agro ecosystems . A spider not only preys on adult insects but also University of Gujrat, Hafiz egg, larval etc. stages [29]. Spiders are carnivorous feeding on small arachnids, insects that Hayat Campus, Gujrat, bothers human like mosquitoes and cockroaches etc. During the lifetime of spiders, they may Pakistan. eat hundreds of mosquitoes and reduce their numbers [6]. ~ 245 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

Spiders are clearly an integral part of global biodiversity since Salticidae, Araneidae, Sparassidae, Tetragnathidae, they play an important role in ecosystem as predators. They Lycopsidae, Pholcidae [19]. are one of the most common predator group of ecosystem, they are hunters of insects and other small invertebrates and 2.2) Punjab Pakistan reduced pest animals inside and outside our houses. They are Ghafoor. A. and Mahmood, survey the district Gujrawanwala prey for many hunting animals like insectivorous birds and and report the araneid fauna. Total collected fauna were 178 reptiles most spider spend their entire life in one particular which belong to seven families, 10 genera, 22 species habitat because of their ability to produce silk [6]. recorded. Most abundant species belong to the family In Pakistan pesticides are rarely used to control insect pests on Lycosidae [20]. fodder crops due to their harmful effects on livestock and Tahir and coworkers reported 1098 spider fauna from citrus dairy. In this case spiders and other natural enemies used to field in 2006 and 2007. This fauna was represented by nine control pest insects without polluting the environment and families, 22 , and 38 species [21]. yield of crop will also be increased [14]. Mukhtar and coworker (2012) collected the spider fauna at District Jhang Punjab, Pakistan during November 2009 to 2) Review of Literature April 2010 form Trifolium and Brassica. During 1996 to 1998, Some arachnologists estimate that only 20% of spider species the survey of ground and foliage spider fauna was reported have been described, meaning that there may be as many as from province of Punjab in 21districts of one federal territory 1,70,000 spider species sharing our planet with us [15]. In the and 43 locations. Total 14743 specimens were collected world, 42751 species, 3859 genera and 10 families of spiders belonging to 157 species, 58 genera and 21 families [22]. Vetter are described [8]. Pakistan is rich in spider fauna and has and his fellows collected spiders belong to 15 families, 26 diverse habitats. Mostly area cultivate different types of crops genera and 16 species in , Punjab Pakistan from and provide habitat for different kind of invertebrates. In March 2011 to April 2013.From central Punjab (Lahore, Skur, community it is dominant member, but in past researcher call and Sheikhupura) 27,658 spiders were recorded it less important organism due to this less research was done belonging to 30 genera, 12 families and 44 speicies in basmati on it [16] but in Pakistan, no consolidated account on spiders rice crop [23]. still exists. The pioneer works were done by [17, 18] on the systematics of spider fauna of Pakistan. 2.3) Pakistan Some of the most diverse spider families include the familiar 132 species belonging to 24 families and 73 genera were hairy, big-eyed “Jumping spiders” (family Salticidae 4,400 reported from 16 districts of Sindh species worldwide); the small “Sheet-web spiders” Pakistan [24] (Linyphiidae, 3,700 species); the “Orb weaving spiders” (Araneidae, 2,600 species); the “Cobweb spiders” (Therididae, 2.4) Cholistan Desert Pakistan 2,200 species); the non-web weaving “Wolf spiders” The climate of Cholistan desert is harsh, hyper arid with (Lycosidae, 2,200 species); and the “Crab Spiders” [15] extremes of temperature, dry spells, low rains, low humidity, The present study was designed to prepare the checklist of high evaporation rates, especially during summer extremely spiders of different region of Pakistan. hot and winds of high velocity blow across the desert [25, 26]. Sial and his coworkers reported 62 species of spider belonged 2.1) Pakistan to 10 families and 32 genera from Cholistan and neighbouring 107 specimens were collected from Peshawar; 23 specimens areas; Fort Derawar, Sallu Wali, Taraway Wala Toba, Chah were identified to species level, 2 specimens to generic level, Suleh Wala, Rasool Sar, Shiekh Wali, Cholistan Institute of and 74 duplicates and young stages of identified ones; Desert Studies site, Dakwali Khuli, Date palm farm during however, they belong to 9 families. The most dominant family January 2001- December 2003 [27]. among the present research was Lycosidae. However, the least numbers of species were recorded from families Clubionidae, 2.5) Karakoram Pakistan Scytodidae and Sparassidae. These 23 species are distributed 130 spider species have been recorded from high mountainous into families Lycosidae (10 spp.), (3 spp.), landscape of Karakoram to date Caporiacco, 1934; Koke et al., Araneidae (2 spp.), Gnaphosidae (2 spp.), Pholicidae (2 spp.), 2004, 2005; Ovtchinnikov and Inayatullah, 2005; Marusik and Salticidae (2 spp.), Clubionidae (1 spp.), Scytodidae (1 spp.) Ballarian, 2011 a,b. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale of Parveen et al., 2012). 2) Ahmad and their fellows reported 13 Verona (Italy) collected 8 new spider species [28]. species of spiders from Burner District. Species belonged to

Sr no. Family Species Punjab Sindh Khyberpakhtunkhawa References Araneus Araneidae 2 alboquadratus yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 Dyal, 1935 Araneidae Araneus excelsus 3 yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 Dyal, 1935 Araneidae Araneus formosellu 4 yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 Roewer, 1942 5 Araneidae Araneus mitificus yes Ghafoor et al., 2011

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Clerck, 1757 Araneidae Araniella displicata 6 yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 Hentz, 1847 Araneidae araneus pachganiens 7 yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 Tikader, 1982 Araneidae A,kanwali Mukhtar 8 yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 2004 Araneidae Caesarea Thorell, 9 yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 1897 Araneidae A.Pulchella Thorell, 10 yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 1881 Araneidae 11 Aatika Mukhtar 2004 yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 Araneidae Trifasciata (Forsskål, 12 yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Clerck, 1757 1775) Araneidae Cyclosa mohini Dyal, 13 yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 1935 Araneidae Punjabiensis Ghafoor 14 yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 and Beg, 2002 Chichawatniensis Araneidae 15 Mukhtar and Mushtaq, yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 2005 Araneidae Confraga (Thorell, 16 yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Clerck, 1757 1892) Araneidae Hexatuberculata 17 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Clerck, 1757 Tikader, 1982 Araneidae Cyrtophora citricola Ursani and Soomro 2010; 18 Yes yes Clerck, 1757 Dyal, 1935 Ghafoor et al., 2011 Araneidae Cicatrosa Stoliczka, 19 yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 1869 Araneidae Eriovixia excels Dyal, Ursani and Soomro 2010; 20 Yes Yes Clerck, 1757 1935 Ghafoor et al., 2011 Araneidae Anastera Chamberlin, 21 yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 1924 Araneidae Gea heptagon Hentz, 22 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 1850 Araneidae G. margallai Mukhtar, 23 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 2004 Araneidae G. subarmata Thorell, 24 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 1890 Araneidae G. zaragosa Barrion 25 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Clerck, 1757 and Litsinger, 1995 Araneidae Larinia directa Hentz, 26 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 1847 Araneidae L. phthisia L. Ursani and Soomro 2010; 27 Yes Yes Clerck, 1757 Koch,1871 Ghafoor et al., 2011 Araneidae Neoscona pavida 28 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 Dyal, 1935 Araneidae Neoscona theis Tahir et al., 2008; 29 Yes yes Clerck, 1757 (Walckenaer, 1841) Parveen et al., 2012 Araneidae Neoscona mukerjei Yes Tahir et al., 2008 Clerck, 1757 Araneidae N. hibiscusatus 30 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 Mukhtar 2004 Araneidae N. bengalensis Tikader Ursani and Soomro 2010; 31 Yes Yes Clerck, 1757 and Bal, 1981 Ghafoor et al., 2011 Araneidae N. nautical L. Koch, 32 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 1875 33 Araneidae N. domiciliorum Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010

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Clerck, 1757 Tikader, 1982 Araneidae N. rumpfi Thorell, 34 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Clerck, 1757 1878 Araneidae N. theis (Walckenaer, 35 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Clerck, 1757 1841) Araneidae N. vigilans (Blackwall, 36 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Clerck, 1757 1865) Araneidae Lipocrea fusiformis 37 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Clerck, 1757 (Thorell, 1877) Araneidae dehaani 38 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Clerck, 1757 (Doleschall, 1859) Oedignatha poonaensis Majumder Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 40 Karsch, 1880 and Tikader, 1991 Clubionia Clubionidae 42 ludhianaensis Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Wagner, 1887 Tikader, 1976 Ursani and Soomro 2010; Clubionidae C. drassodess Simon, 43 Yes Yes Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011; Wagner, 1887 1914 Parveen et al., 2012 C. filicata O. P.- Clubionidae Ursani and Soomro 2010; 44 Cambridge, 1874 T. Yes Yes Wagner, 1887 Ghafoor et al., 2011 M. Khan, Clubionidae C. kasurensis Mukhtar 45 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Wagner, 1887 and Mushtaq, 2005 Clubionidae C. pashabhaii 46 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Wagner, 1887 Patel and Patel, 1973 Cheiracanthium Clubionidae 47 azhari Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Wagner, 1887 Mukhtar 2004 Clubionidae C. mukhtari Mukhtar 48 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Wagner, 1887 2004 Clubionidae C. saccharanalis 49 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Wagner, 1887 Mukhtar 2004 Clubionidae C. warsai Mukhtar 50 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Wagner, 1887 2004 Clubionidae C. denieli Tikader, 51 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Wagner, 1887 1975 Clubionidae C. himalayensi 52 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Wagner, 1887 Gravely, 1931 Clubionidae C. pashabhaii 53 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Wagner, 1887 Patel and Patel, 1973 Dysderidae C. Dysdera laevigata 55 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 L. Koch, 1837 Simon, 1914 Dictynidae Dictyna albida O. P. 57 O. P.-Cambridge, Ursani and Soomro 2010 Cambridge, Yes 1885 1871 Eresidae C. L. Stegodyphus pacificus Yes 59 Ko6162ch, Ursani and Soomro 2010 Pocock, 1900 185063 Filistatidae Filistata Kukulcania 61 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Ausserer, 1867 Lehtinen, 1967 Gertschosa eucalyptus Gnaphosidae Ursani and Soomro 2010; 63 Ghafoor and Beg, Yes Yes Pocock, 1898 Parveen et al., 2012 2002 G. harpax Gnaphosidae 64 Ghafoor and Beg, Ghafoor et al., 2011 Pocock, 1898 2002

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Zelotes Gnaphosidae faisalabadiensis Ursani and Soomro 2010; 65 Yes Yes Pocock, 1898 Ghafoor and Beg, Parveen et al., 2012 2002 Gnaphosidae Z. illustris Butt and Ursani and Soomro 2010; 66 Yes Pocock, 1898 Beg, 2004 Tahir et al., 2008 Gnaphosidae Z. pakistaniensis Butt 67 yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Pocock, 1898 and Beg, 2004 Gnaphosidae Drassodes saccatus 68 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Pocock, 1898 Emerton, 1890 Gnaphosidae Gnaphosa scopoides 69 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Pocock, 1898 Chamberlin, 1922 G. betpaki Gnaphosidae 70 Ovtsharenko, Platnick Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Pocock, 1898 & Song, 1992 Gnaphosidae G. minosiella Dalmas, 71 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Pocock, 1898 1921 Gnaphosidae G. zelotus Butt and 72 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Pocock, 1898 Beg, 2004 G. jodhpurensis Gnaphosidae Ursani and Soomro 2010; 73 Tikader and Gajbe, Yes Pocock, 1898 Ghafoor et al., 2011 1977 Gnaphosidae Herpyllus lativulvus 74 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Pocock, 1898 Denis, 1958 Gnaphosidae H. paropanisadensis 75 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Pocock, 1898 Denis, 1958 Gnaphosidae H. goaensis 76 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Pocock, 1898 Tikader, 1982 Gnaphosidae Hippasa holmerae 77 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Pocock, 1898 Thorell, 1895 Hippasa Gnaphosidae 78 madraspatana Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Pocock, 1898 Gravely, 1924 Gnaphosidae Scopoides kuljitae 79 Ghafoor et al., 2011 Pocock, 1898 (Tikader, 1982) Yes Gnaphosidae Scopoides pritiae 80 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Pocock, 1898 (Tikader, 1982) Gnaphosidae Scotophaeu 81 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Pocock, 1898 spoonaensis Gnaphosidae 82 Poecilochroa sedula Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Pocock, 1898 Hypochilidae Hypochilus bonneti 84 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Marx, 1888 Gertsch, 1964 86 Linyphidae Linyphidae sp. Tahir et al., 2008 Gnathoarium 87 Linyphidae Tahir et al., 2008 dentatum 88 Linyphidae Erigone sp. Tahir et al., 2008 Lycosidae Allocosa manmaka 90 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833 Roewer, 1960 Lycosidae Arctosa mulani 91 Yes Parveen et al., 2012 Sundevall, 1833 Dyal, 1935 Lycosidae Arctosa littoralis 92 yes Parveen et al., 2012 Sundevall, 1833 (Simon 1897) Lycosidae 93 Gladicosa Sp Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833

94 Lycosidae H. pisaurina Pocock, Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833 1900 95 Lycosidae Hippasa madhuae Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011

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Sundevall, 1833 Tikader and Malhotra, 1980 Lycosidae H. aglenoides Simon, 96 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833 1884 Lycosidae H. partita Takidar Ghafoor et al., 2011; 97 Yes Yes Sundevall, 1833 1970 Parveen et al., 2012 Lycosidae 98 H. madrasptana Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Lycosidae Lycosa chaperi Simon, 99 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833 1885 Lycosidae 100 L. harishi Dyal, 1935 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833 Lycosidae L. nigricans Simon, Ursani and Soomro 2010; 101 Yes Yes Sundevall, 1833 1886 Tahir et al., 2008 Lycosidae L. lahorensis Dyal, 102 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833 1935 Lycosidae Ursani and Soomro 2010; 103 L. basiri Dyal, 1935 Yes Yes Sundevall, 1833 Ghafoor et al., 2011 Lycosidae L. mackenziei Gravely, Ursani and Soomro 2010; 104 Yes Yes Sundevall, 1833 1924 Ghafoor et al., 2011 Lycosidae L. maculate Ursani and Soomro 2010; 105 Yes Yes Sundevall, 1833 Mello-Leitão, 1943 Tahir et al., 2008 Lycosidae Lycosa terristis Tahir et al., 2008; 106 Yes Yes Sundevall, 1833 (Tahir, 2009) Parveen et al., 2012 Lycosidae L. poonaensis Tikader 107 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 & Malhotra, 1980 Lycosidae L. madani Pocock, 108 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 1901 Lycosidae 109 L. tista Tikader, 1970 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Lycosidae L. bistriata Gravely 110 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 1924 Lycosidae L. carmichaeli 111 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Gravely, 1924 Lycosa geotubalis Lycosidae 112 Tikader & Malhotra, Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 1980 Lycosidae Lycosa maculate Ghafoor et al., 2011; 113 Yes Yes Sundevall, 1833 (Tahir, 2009) Parveen et al., 2012 Lycosa Lycosidae mahabaleshwarensis 114 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Tikader & Malhotra, 1980 Lycosidae Lycosa masteri 115 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Pocock, 1901 Lycosidae Lycosa moulmeinensis 116 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Gravely, 1924 Lycosidae L. kempi Gravely, 117 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 1924 Lycosidae Lycosa nigrotibialis 118 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Simon, 1884 Lycosidae Lycosa pictula 119 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Pocock, 1901 Lycosidae Paradosa lahorensis 120 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833 Dyal, 1935 Umerkot,

Lycosidae 121 P. mulani Dyal, 1935 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833 122 Lycosidae P. honga Simon, 1885 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010

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Sundevall, 1833 Lycosidae birmanica 123 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Simon, 1884 Pardosa mysorensis Lycosidae 124 (Tikader and Mukerji, Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 1971) P. pseudoannulata Lycosidae 125 (Bösenberg and Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Strand, 1906) Lycosidae Pardosa sumatrana 126 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 (Thorell, 1890) Pardosa cambasensis Lycosidae 127 Tikader & Malhotra, Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 1976 128 Lycosidae Pardosa pusiola Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 (Thorell, 1891) Lycosidae Pardosa shyamae 129 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 (Tikader, 1970) Lycosidae P. saxatilis Hentz, 130 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833 1844 Lycosidae Draposa oakleyi 131 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Gravely, 1924 Evippa banarensis Lycosidae 132 Tikader & Malhotra, Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 1980 Evippa solanensis Lycosidae 133 Tikader & Malhotra, Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 1980 Lycosidae Evippa sp. 134 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Simon, 1882 Lycosidae Hogna himalayensis 135 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 (Gravely, 1924) Lycosidae Trochosa punctipes 136 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Gravely, 1924 Lycosidae Trochosa sp. 137 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 C. L. Koch, 1847 Evippa shivagi Lycosidae 138 Tikader & Malhotra, Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 1980 Evippa sohani Lycosidae 139 Tikader & Malhotra, Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 1980 Evippa praelongipe Lycosidae 140 (O. P.-Cambridge, Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 1870) Evippa Rajasthanicus Lycosidae 141 Tikader & Malhotra, Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 1980 Lycosidae 142 Evippa dellaii Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Lycosidae Evippa rubiginosa 143 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Simon, 1885 Lycosidae 144 Evippa shakilaii Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Lycosidae 145 Evippa rosii Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Lycosidae 146 Flanona puellula Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 147 Lycosidae Ocyale atlanta Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011

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Sundevall, 1833 Cheiracanthium Miturgidae 149 inornatum O. P.- Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Simon, 1886 Cambridge, 1874 Nicodamidae N. dimidiate Simon, 151 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Simon, 1897 1897 Guizygiella indica 153 Dae Menge, Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 (Tikader & Bal, 1980) 1866 Tetragnatha Guizygiella 154 Dae Menge, melanocrania Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 1866 (Thorell, 1887) Tetragnatha Leucauge decorata 155 Dae Menge, Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 (Blackwall, 1864) 1866 Tetragnatha Leucauge 156 Dae Menge, dorsotuberculata Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 1866 Tikader, 1982 Tetragnatha Tetragnatha javana 157 Dae Menge, Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 (Thorell, 1890) 1866 Tetragnatha Tetragnatha

158 Dae Menge, virescecns Ghafoor et al., 2011 Yes 1866 Okuma, 1979 Oecobiidae Oecobius putus O. P.- 160 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Blackwall, 1862 Cambridge, 1876 Oecobiidae O. paivan Blackwall, 161 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1862 1868 Oecobiidae 162 U.matthaii Dyal, 1935 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1862 Oecobiidae O. campii Mushtaq 163 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1862 and A.Qadir, 1999 Oxyopes campii Oxyopidae 165 Mushtaq and A.Qadir, Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Thorell, 1870b 1999 Oxyopidae O. hindostanicus 166 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Thorell, 1870b Pocock, 1901 Oxyopidae 167 Oxyopes javanus Yes Tahir et al., 2008 Thorell, 1870b Oxyopidae O.wroughtoni Pocock, 168 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Thorell, 1870b 1901 Oxyopidae O.oryzae Mushtaq and 169 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Thorell, 1870b A.Qadir, 1999 Oxyopidae O. ryvesii Pocock, 170 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Thorell, 1870b 1901 Oxyopidae Oxyopes ratnae 171 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Thorell, 1870b Tikader, 1970 Oxyopidae pabbii 172 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Thorell, 1870b Stoliczka, 1869 Oxyopidae Peucetia viridana 173 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Thorell, 1870b (Stoliczka, 1869) Philodromus Philodromidae 175 domesticus Tikader, Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Thorell, 1870 1962 Philodromus Philodromidae 176 betrabatai Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Thorell, 1870 Tikader, 1966 Philodromidae Philodromus devhutai 177 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Thorell, 1870 Tikader, 1966

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Pholcidae C. L. Artema Doriai 179 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Koch, 1850 Thorell, 1881 Pholcidae C. L. A. Atlanta Ghafoor et al., 2011; 180 Yes Yes Koch, 1850 Walckenaer, 1837 Ursani and Soomro 2010 Pholcidae C. L. Artema Atlanta 181 Yes Parveen et al., 2012 Koch, 1850 (Simon, 1897) Pholcidae C. L. Crossopriza lyoni Ursani and Soomro 2010; 182 Yes Yes Koch, 1850 Blackwall, 1867 Parveen et al., 2012 Pholcidae C. L. Holocnemus spp 183 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Koch, 1850 Simon, 1907 Salticidae Rhene decorate 185 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 Tikader, 1977 Salticidae R. indica Tikader, Ghafoor et al., 2011; 186 Yes Yes Blackwall, 1841 1973 Ursani and Soomro 2010 Salticidae 187 Sitticus distinguendus Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Blackwall, 1841 Salticidae 188 Phlegradha kuriensis Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Blackwall, 1841 Salticidae Plexipus paykulli Tahir et al., 2008; 189 Yes Yes Blackwall, 1841 Audouin, 1826 Parveen et al., 2012 Salticidae Phidippus punjabensis 190 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 Tikader, 1973 Salticidae P. indicus Tikader, 191 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 1973 Salticidae Bianor 192 Yes Tahir et al., 2008 Blackwall, 1841 albodimaculatus Salticidae Penionos dyali Dyal, 193 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 1935 Salticidae Metaphidipus fulva 194 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 Simon, 1868 Salticidae Marpissa insignis 195 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 Butt and Beg, 2000 Salticidae M. tenebrosa 196 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 Butt and Beg, 2000 Salticidae M. mirabilis Butt and 197 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 Beg, 2000 Salticidae 198 M. albens Dyal, 1935 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 Salticidae M. rubroclypea 199 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 Lessert, 1927 Salticidae Marpissa decorate 200 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Blackwall, 1841 Tikader, 1974 Salticidae Marpissa tigrina 201 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Blackwall, 1841 Tikader, 1965 Salticidae Phlegra swanii 202 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 Mushtaq et al., 1995 P. dhakuriensis Salticidae 203 Mushtaq, Beg and Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 Waris, 1995 Chalcoscirtus splendid Salticidae 204 Caporiacco, Bertkau, Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 1880 Salticidae Bellota livida Dyal, 205 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 1935 Salticidae 206 B. fascialis Dyal, 1935 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 Salticidae Evophrus auricolor 207 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 Dyal, 1935 208 Salticidae Sitticus zaisanicus Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010

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Blackwall, 1841 Logunov, 1998 Salticidae Hentzia peckhami 209 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 Cockerell, 1893 Salticidae Chrysilla albens Dyal, 210 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 1935 Salticidae Myrmarachne 211 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 ramunni Dyal, 1935 Salticidae M. maratha 212 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 Tikader, 1973 Salticidae M. orientales Tikader, 213 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 1973 Salticidae M. laetus Thorell, 214 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 1887 Salticidae Menemerus raji Dyal, 215 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 1935 Salticidae Thiania aura Dyal, 216 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1841 1935 Scytodidae Scytodes propinqua 218 Yes Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1864 Stoliczka, 1869 Scytodidae Scytodes thoracica Ghafoor et al., 2011; 219 Yes Yes Blackwall, 1864 (Latreille, 1802) Parveen et al., 2012 Eusparassus Scytodidae 221 fuscimanus Denis, Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1864 1958 Scytodidae Heteropoda kandiana 222 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1864 Pocock, 1899 Scytodidae Olios punjabensis 223 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1864 Dyal, 1935 Olios Scytodidae mahabangkawitus 224 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Blackwall, 1864 Barrion and Litsinger, 1995 Scytodidae Olios punctipes 225 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Blackwall, 1864 Simon, 1884 Scytodidae O. lutescens Thorell, 226 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Blackwall, 1864 1894 Isopeda tuhogniga Scytodidae 227 Barrion and Litsinger Parveen et al., 2012 Blackwall, 1864 Yes 1995 Socalchemmis kastoni Tengellidae 229 Platnick and Ubick, Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Dahl, 1908 2001 Liocranoides Tengellidae 230 flavescens Chamberlin Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Dahl, 1908 and Ivie, 1941 Anelosimus chiloensis 232 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833 Levi, 1963 Achaeranea Theridiidae 233 quadripunctata Simon, Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833 1895 Theridiidae niger Ghafoor et al., 2011; 234 Yes Yes Sundevall, 1833 Urquhart, 1889 Ursani and Soomro 2010 Theridiidae T. aura Blackwall, 235 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833 1864

Theridiidae Thwaitea diversa O. 236 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833 P.-Cambridge, 1882 Theridiidae Trigonobothrys 237 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833 aheneus Dyal, 1935

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Theridiidae Spintharis argenteus 238 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833 Dyal, 1935 240 Tetragnathidae Tetragnatha javana Yes Tahir et al., 2008 241 Tetragnathidae Tetragnatha virescens Yes Tahir et al., 2008 Thomisidae 243 cherapunjeus Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Sundevall, 1833 Tikader, 1966 Thomisidae Thomisus labefactus 243 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Karsch, 1881 Thomisidae Thomisus okinawensis 244 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Strand, 1907 Thomisidae Thomisus pugilis Tahir et al., 2008; 245 Yes Yes Sundevall, 1833 Stoliczka, 1869 Parveen et al., 2012 Thomisidae 246 Yes Parveen et al., 2012 Sundevall, 1833 (Doleschall, 1859) Thomisidae 247 Thomisidae sp Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Thomisidae 248 Xysticus sp. Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Sundevall, 1833 Thomisidae affinis 249 Yes Tahir et al., 2008 Sundevall, 1833 Simon, 1897 Thomisidae evanida 250 Yes Parveen et al., 2012 Sundevall, 1833 (Thorell, 1870) Thomisidae Thomisus spectabilis 251 Yes Parveen et al., 2012 Sundevall, 1833 (Doleschall, 1859) Plator himalayaensis Trochanteriidae 253 Tikader and Gajbe, Yes Parveen et al., 2012 Karsch, 1879 1976 Miagrammopes Uloboridae 255 albocinctus Simon, Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Thorell, 1869 1892 Uloboridae Uloborus danolius Ghafoor et al., 2011;Ursani 256 Yes Yes Thorell, 1869 Tikader, 1969 and Soomro 2010 Uloboridae Zodarion spp 257 Yes Ursani and Soomro 2010 Thorell, 1869 Walckenaer, 1826 Oonopidae Hadrobunus grandis 259 Yes Parveen et al., 2012 Sundevall, 1833 Sundevall, 1833 Oonopidae Halconia insignis 260 Yes Parveen et al., 2012 Sundevall, 1833 Thorell, 1836 Urocteidae Ghafoor et al., 2011; 261 Yes Yes Dufour, 1820 Parveen et al., 2012 Hersilidae 262 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Thorell, 1870 Linyphiidae 263 Yes Ghafoor et al., 2011 Blackwall, 1859 Micryphantidae 264 Ghafoor et al., 2011 (Bertkau 1872) Yes

3. Conclusion pest control and maintaining insect population. Proper It is indicated that great varieties of these predators reside in attention should be given to their presence. Pakistan. Diversity of spider fauna is due to geographical and The insufficient information of Pakistan spiders poses ecological difference. It is concluded that in the past spiders difficulties in the analysis of distribution of many Central are ignored because people had no adequate knowledge about Asian species. the importance of spiders. Information about the spider’s species of Pakistan available but their distribution are 4. Acknowledgements scientifically and fragmentary inadequate. In Pakistan few to This work was supported by Department of Zoology, no keys to spiders exist. Spider fauna are poorly known. It is University of the Gujrat. We must like to say words of thanks the need of time to discover more species of spiders and their to Dr Muhmmad Faheem Malik, Head, Department of importance in integrated pest management, agroecosystem, Zoology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan for writing this paper. ~ 255 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

5. References 21. Tahir MH, Butt A, Naheed R, Bilal M, Alam I. Activity 1. Singh S, Borkotoki A. Species Diversity Measure of Density of Spiders Inhabiting The Citrus Field In Lahore, Webless Spiders in Four different Habitats of Barpeta Pakistan. Pakistan J Zool. 2011; 43(4):683-688. District, Assam, , Indian Journal of Applied 22. Parveen R, Khan AA, Mushtaq S, Rana AS. A Checklist Research. 2014; 4:12. of the Spiders of the Punjab. Pak. J Agri Sci. 2007; 44:4. 2. Perveen F, Jamal A. Checklist of Spider Fauna of Fr 23. Tahir HM, Butt A. Activities of Spiders in Rice Field of Peshawar, Fata, Pakistan. Arthropods 2012; 1(1):35-39. Central Punjab, Pakistan. Acta. Zool. Sin 2008; 54:701- 3. Karren J.B. Spiders. Utah University, Utah, Usa, 2002. 711. 4. Turnbull A.L. Ecology of the True Spiders 24. Ursani TJ, Soomro NM. Checklist of Spider Fauna of (). Annual Review of Entomology 1973; Sindh Province, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of 18:305-348. Entomology. 2010; 32:61-73. 5. Nyffeler M, G Benz. Spiders in Natural Pest Control: A 25. Fao. Pakistan- Cholistan Area Development Project. Review. Journal of Applied Entomology. 1987; 103:321- Report Adb-Pak (Final Version). Food Agriculture 329. Organization of the United Nations, Rome 1993; 6. Sharma S, Vyas A, Sharma R. Diversity and Abundance (59/53):58. of Spider Fauna of Narmada River at Rajghat (Barwani) 26. Akbar G, Khan TN, Arshad M. Rangelands 1996; 18:124- (Madhya Pradesh) India, Researcher 2010; 2(11):1-5. 128. 7. James PG. What Is Biodiversity? A Comparison of Spider 27. Sial N, Ruby T, Malik S, Mushtaq S. A Check List of the Communities, Center for Biodiversity and Conservation Spiders of Cholistan and Neighbouring Areas. Pak. J Agri of the American Museum of Natural History, 2004. Sci. 2012; 49(3):301-304. 8. Platnick NJ. The World Spider Catalog, Version 5.0. 28. Logunov VD, Ballarin F, Marusik MY. New Faunistic American Museum of Natural History Online At, 2004. Records of the Jumping and Crab Spiders of Karakoram, Http://Research.Amnh.Org/Entomology/Spiders/Catalog/I Pakistan (Aranei: Philodromidae, Salticidae and ndex.Html. Thomisidae). Arthropoda Selecta 2011; 20(3):233-240. 9. Cave RD, Frank JH, Cooper TM, Burton MS Bromeliad. 29. Harwood JD, Obrycki JJ. Website Selection Strategies of Weevil Report. Flor. Coun. Bromel. Soc, Newsl 2008; Linyphiid Spiders in Alfalfa: Implications for Biological 28:26-27. Control. Biocontrol 2006; 52:451-467. 10. Marc P, Canard A, Ysnel F. Spiders (Araneae) Useful For Pest Limitation and Bioindication. Agric Ecosyst Environ 1999; 74:229-273. 11. Nyffeler M, Sunderland DK. Composition, Abundance and Pest Control Potential of Spider Communities in Agroecosystem. A Comparison of European and U.S Studies. Agric. Ecosyst. Eviron 2003; 95:579-612. 12. Pearce S, Zalucki MP. Do Predators Aggregate In Response To Pest Density In Agroecosystem? Assessing Within Field Spatial Patterns. J Appl Ecol 2006; 43:128- 140. 13. Tahir MH, Butt A, Naheed R, Bilal M, Alam I. Activity Density of Spiders Inhabiting The Citrus Field In Lahore, Pakistan. Pakistan J Zool. 2011; 43(4):683-688. 14. Mukhtar KM, Irfan M, Tahir MH, Khan YS, Ahmad RK, Qadir A et al. Species Composition and Population Dynamics of Spider Fauna of Trifolium and Brassica Field, Pakistan J Zool. 2012; 44:5:1261-1267. 15. Coddington JA, Levi HW. Systematics and Evolution of Spiders (Araneae), A. Rev. Ecol. Sys 1991; 22:565-592. 16. Butt A, Beg MA. Description of Two New Species of Spiders of the Families Clubionidae and Oxyopidae from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 2001; 33:35-37. 17. Pocock RI, Fauna of British India, Arachnida. Taylor and Francis, London, 1900, 279. 18. Dyal S. Fauna of Lahore: Spiders of Lahore. Bull. Dept. Zool. Univ. Punjab 1935; 1:119-252. 19. Ahmad S, Akhtar N, Saeed K. Some Observations on Spider Fauna of District, 2015. 20. Ghafoor A, Mahmood A. Population Dynamics of the Araneid Fauna from District , Pakistan. The Journal of and Plant Sciences. 2011; 21(4):812- 816.

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