DOCSLIB.ORG

Title a STUDY of URBAN RAIL TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Title a STUDY of URBAN RAIL TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT A STUDY OF URBAN RAIL TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT Title EFFECTS IN BANGKOK METROPOLITAN REGION( Dissertation_全文 ) Author(s) Malaitham, Sathita Citation 京都大学 Issue Date 2013-09-24 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/doctor.k17872 Right Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion ETD Kyoto University A STUDY OF URBAN RAIL TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT EFFECTS IN BANGKOK METROPOLITAN REGION Sathita Malaitham 2013 A STUDY OF URBAN RAIL TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT EFFECTS IN BANGKOK METROPOLITAN REGION by Sathita Malaitham A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Engineering Department of Urban management, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Japan 2013 ABSTRACT Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), also known as Greater Bangkok is the urban conglomeration of Bangkok, Thailand, consists of a large core so-called Bangkok Metropolitan Area (BMA) and the five vicinities of Nakhon Pathom, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Samut Prakan, and Samut Sakhon. In the early period, most people settled along the Chao Phraya River and the canals. Waterway served as the main mode of transportation for Bangkoknians’ commuting. By the mid-19th century, the commuting system was changed from water transport to land transport and had emphasized plans of transportation infrastructures such as bridge and road network. There have seen significant urban shifts in land use and travel behaviors. Specifically, this gradually converted Bangkok into a car dependency city and made the city spread outwards. Physically, employment locations are largely concentrated in the inner core. Such urban structure unavoidably generates huge amount of travel demand which are mostly made by long distance trips by private vehicles. The transportation in Bangkok is presently based on road and expressway network. The reason is that travel on private car is far superior to travel on crowded bus running in heavily congested traffic. The present 404 bus routes are still not enough to accommodate the travel demand especially from/to suburban areas. Then, the urban rail transit via the Mass Rapid Transit Master Plan has been introduced to alleviate the traffic issues and mainly serves people between suburban to the central part of Bangkok. According to that plan, the based-rail rapid transit development, in particular urban rail transit, has been promoted as a top priority project in 20 years plan. That urban rail transit brings large impacts to the relative attractiveness of the locations near the urban rail transit networks is well recognized in many developed countries, however, in a city being young in urban rail transit experience like the BMR is not gaining more attention. This research attempts to understand the effects of urban rail transit network expansions on land development in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand in viewpoints of land use change, land value uplift and residential location decision. The benefits due to rail transit development also impact on the areas which are announced in the top priority project in 20 years plan extension. For the study of land use change due to the urban rail transit development, the conversions of land within 5 kilometer along the existing and under construction urban rail transit corridors between 2004 and 2010 were intended to investigate. Satellite images were used to track the conversions of land parcel at the same address but different years. To identify the conversions, each land parcel was aggregated into four categories: undeveloped land (agricultural land or no buildings), residential land (detached house, semi-detached house, attached house, and row house), high-rise residential land (condominium and apartment) and non-residential land (commercial and industrial). Specifically, undeveloped land category was selected as an initial state of land use in the year 2004. A traditional discrete choice model, namely multinomial logit model, was applied to investigate whether urban rail transit investment alter the urban form. Next, examining of the extent of the influence of urban rail transit investments in the context of land price was captured. Land price data obtained from the Treasury Department, Thailand, which was published in the year 2008, was employed to capture the capitalization effects. A global regression framework was applied to determine the premium value of land based on its attributes. The global regression assumes that relationship is constant over space. However, the relationship often might vary across space because the attributes are not the same in different locations. Therefore, the variations of the influences on the land value were revealed by classifying data into different groups of land use such as residential and non-residential and incorporating spatial heterogeneity. The spatial statistical test was based on the geographically weighted regression model (GWR) that allows estimating a model at each observation point. Understanding those impacts is necessary in order to allow the public agencies to tax the direct beneficiaries of their investments in the affected districts in advance so as to finance infrastructure projects. Then, whether the effects of urban rail transit development associated with residential location decision was presented. In fact, there are many factors might contribute to differences in household residential location decision. However, many previous literatures indicated that transportation accessibility plays the important role in residential decision making. As known, the urban rail transit development provides a high level of access to other activities for households such as access to work, shopping, etc. The hypothesis that is, improving in transportation accessibility was reflected as one of the dominant factors for the residential location decision. Traditional discrete choice model, namely, multinomial logit (ML) and nested logit (NL) model together with an application of discrete choice model for a ranking of alternatives, i.e., rank-ordered logit (ROL) and ranked-ordered nested logit (RONL) model were applied. The mainly data used for this examining was obtained from a stated preference survey in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand incorporating with other variables such as local transportation accessibility, work and non-work accessibility, house affordability, neighborhood amenity and land attribute together with household characteristics. The results from the models vary with socioeconomic and locational attributes such as local transportation accessibility, work and non-work accessibility, neighborhood amenity and land attribute confirm that the urban rail transit development influences on the land development in terms of land use change, land value and residential location choice. The urban rail transit development resulted in higher land price and an invisible increase of land development among residential, high- rise residential and non-residential property as well as a higher agglomeration of population and household near the urban rail transit corridors. For instance, BTS Skytrain and MRT Blue Line network connected to the central business district (CBD) of Bangkok Metropolitan Region generated high-rise residential developments (e.g. luxury condominium and apartment) with higher values near their stations, while residential development was greatly found that in the area along the Airport Rail Link corridor with the lower value than those development in adjacent area of BTS Skytrain and MRT Blue Line corridor. Further, those urban rail transit lines induce the conversion urban from to non- residential properties (e.g. office building, shop store, etc.) with higher bid-rent, but this effect was not found within 3 kilometer of the Airport Rail Link. Moreover, the estimated premium for urban rail transit accessibility is approximately 15 percent for residential land and non-residential land price along the BTS Skytrain as well as 10 percent for residential land and non-residential land price along the MRT Blue Line. However, the capitalization effects of proximity to Airport Rail Link stations found that the beneficial effects will worth less than 4 percent to residential land parcels and 2.5 percent to non-residential land parcels along the Airport Rail Link corridor. Besides, the residential location choice model indicated that the effect of the accessibility to BTS Skytrain stations has a remarkably high influence on residential location decisions compared with the effects of accessibility to MRT Purple Line and MRT Blue Line stations, i.e., households prefer living near the BTS Skytrain stations, followed by MRT Purple Line and MRT Blue Line stations but less likely to live near the Airport Rail Link and SRT Red Line corridor. Besides, among urban rail transit users, they prefer to live close to the stations of BTS Skytrain, followed by the areas near the stations of MRT Blue Line due to the fact that areas can access the station easily with various feeder modes. When controlling for neighborhood attributes, low income households are more likely to live at locations which are close to the station of MRT Blue Line but high income households prefer to live close to the station of BTS Skytrain as middle income households. Notably, low income households are less likely to reside along the adjacent area of the SRT Red Line. In accordance with the explanations, it can be notable that land development is a sequential process as a result of urban rail transit development. After BTS Skytrain and MRT Blue Line started their service, land along
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ESCAP PPP Case Study #1
    Public-Private Partnerships Case Study #1 Traffic Demand Risk: The case of Bangkok’s Skytrain (BTS) by Mathieu Verougstraete and Isabelle Enders (March 2014) The following case study examines the issue of traffic demand risk and sheds light on how the problem of inaccurate ridership forecasts can impact a PPP project by using the example of the Bangkok SkyTrain. TRAFFIC DEMAND RISK FIGURE 1 : ACTUAL/FORECAST TRAFFIC Even though literature is rich about theory and practice of traffic forecasting, insufficient attention has been paid to the predicted accuracy of traffic forecasting models and the consequences of occurring errors. Emperical studies suggest however that traffic forecasts in the transport sector are characterized by large errors and considerable optimism bias.1 This statement goes in line with the review conducted on PPP projects financed by the European Investment Bank which states that major issues in road projects BANGKOK BTS: CASE SUMMARY occurred because of traffic performance has been overestimated. Findings disclose that Bangkok covers about 606 square miles 1/2 of toll road projects failed to meet their and is densely populated. By 1990 it was early-year forecasts; often by some margin renowned for its chronic traffic congestion, 2 (errors of 50% - 70%). and over the subsequent decade vehicle ESCAP supports govern- ownership more than doubled. Heavy traffic ments in Asia-Pacific in This pattern of forecasting error and volume which is caused by bus, car and implementing measures systematic optimism-bias is even more motorbike journeys was making Bangkok to efficiently involve marked in the case of toll roads compared the private sector in one of the worst cities in the world in terms infrastructure develop- to toll-free road as illustrated in figure 1, of congestion and air pollution caused by which compares two samples of international ment.
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Feasibility Study on Yangon Circular Railway Modernization Project
    32mm Republic of the Union of Myanmar Yangon Regional Government PROJECT FOR COMPREHENSIVE URBAN TRANSPORT PLAN OF THE GREATER YANGON (YUTRA) Pre-Feasibility Study on Yangon Circular Railway Modernization Project Final Report January 2015 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) ALMEC Corporation Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd Nippon Koei Co., Ltd EI JR 14-208 The exchange rate used in the report is: US$ 1.00 = MMK 1,000.00 Project for Comprehensive Urban Transport Plan of the Greater Yangon (YUTRA) Pre-Feasibility Study on Yangon Circular Railway Modernization Project FINAL REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 UPPER PLANNING, COMPREHENSION OF THE CURRENT ISSUE 1.1 CURRENT SITUATION AND ISSUE OF TRANSPORT SECTOR IN THE GREATER YANGON .................. 1-1 1.1.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1.2 MAIN TRANSPORT COMPONENTS ......................................................................... 1-2 1.1.3 TRANSPORT DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................. 1-9 1.2 CURRENT SITUATION AND ISSUE OF RAILWAY SECTOR IN THE GREATER YANGON ...................... 1-11 1.2.1 RAILWAY IN GREATER YANGON ........................................................................... 1-11 1.2.2 CURRENT SITUATION AND ISSUES ........................................................................ 1-13 1.3 COMPREHENSION OF THE CURRENT UPPER PLANNING AND POLICY OF RAILWAY SECTOR IN YANGON REGION ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • CBRE MARKET INSIGHT - Q3 2015 29Th September, 2015 WE ARE FACING GROWING DISRUPTION in OUR INDUSTRY
    CBRE MARKET INSIGHT - Q3 2015 29th September, 2015 WE ARE FACING GROWING DISRUPTION IN OUR INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY LEGISLATION 17,000 Vietnamese students in the U.S NEW PLAYERS TRADE 2 CBRE | CBRE MARKET INSIGHTS | Q3 2015 HCMC: 15/09/2015 HANOI: 21/09/2015 3 CBRE | CBRE MARKET INSIGHTS | Q3 2015 4 CBRE | CBRE MARKET INSIGHTS | Q3 2015 1 Economy EU IS NO LONGER WORRIED ABOUT GREECE - NOW IT’S ALL ABOUT MIGRANTS AND CHINA 6 CBRE | CBRE MARKET INSIGHTS | Q3 2015 CONNECTING VIETNAM WORLDWIDE Breaking News – Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement – Deal 98 Percent Done! Estimated boost to real GDP from TPP is highest for Vietnam 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% -0.5% US Peru Laos India Chile China Korea Japan Brunei EU_25 Mexico Canada Vietnam Thailand Australia Malaysia Indonesia Singapore Cambodia RoSEAsia Philippines New Zealand Rest of the world the Rest of Source: Vietnam Institute for Economic and Policy Research 7 CBRE | CBRE MARKET INSIGHTS | Q3 2015 ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY Number of Greenfield Investments in ASEAN Countries 1. ASEAN would be 7th largest economy 2. 600 million people, 3rd largest working population 3. Open economic: 54% of GDP is from Exports 4. 2013, 279 measures (79.7%) of the AEC Blueprint have been implemented. 5. ASEAN FTA: tariff rates on goods among ASEAN is 0% for ASEAN-6 6. Could triple per capita income by 2030, raising its citizens' quality of life to levels enjoyed today by members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 8 CBRE | CBRE MARKET INSIGHTS | Q3 2015 GOLD, OIL, STOCK, CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS Vietnam consumes 14.5 tons of gold in Q2 Oil (WTI) 51.19% y-o-y Global gold 0.6% y-o-y SJC Gold 3.45% y-o-y VN Index 5.52% y-o-y VN Index follows when Shanghai Stock Exchange SBV will hold forex rate steady until early 2016 Composite Index Plunges Currency recovers after the plunge in late-Aug along with Fed’s declaration of delaying interest rate hike.
    [Show full text]
  • Wat Arun Temple Sebagai Tujuan Destinasi Wisata Terbaik Di Bangkok Thailand
    Foreign Case Study 2018 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta WAT ARUN TEMPLE SEBAGAI TUJUAN DESTINASI WISATA TERBAIK DI BANGKOK THAILAND M. Deo Reksa Putra 17.02722 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta Abstract : Makalah ini merupakan hasil laporan Foreign Case Study untuk syarat publikasi ilmiah di Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta dengan Judul Wat Arun Temple Sebagai Tujuan Destinasi Wisata Terbaik di Bangkok Thailand. 1. PENDAHULUAN Foreign Case Study (FCS) adalah sebuah kegiatan kewajiban bagi mahasiswa S1 Pariwisata di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pariwisata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta yang nantinya akan membuat laporan FCS dimana digunakan sebagai standar kualifikasi dan syarat kelulusan. Program FCS ini menuntut mahasiswa untuk melakukan pejalanan ke Luar Negeri untuk mempelajari perbedaan budaya, pengembangan bidang pariwisata di negara lain. Ada beberapa cara yang dapat ditempuh untuk melakukan FCS ini, yaitu Student Exchange, Double Degree, Join Degree, Journey dan program Magang. Thailand adalah salah satu negara di kawasan Asia Tenggara yang berbatasan dengan negara Laos dan Kamboja di sebelah timur dan negara Malaysia dan Teluk Siam di sebelah selatan dan negara Myanmar dan Laut Andaman di sebelah barat. Negara Thailand merupakan negara yang kaya akan keindahan alam dan sejarah hal itu di buktikan dengan banyaknya wisatawan yang datang untuk menikmati keindahan alam dan belajar sejarah ke negara tersebut. Thailand dikenal dengan julukan negara seribu Budha tentunya Thailand memiliki banyak sekali Candi
    [Show full text]
  • Elevated Railway Structures and Urban Life
    DEGREE PROJECT IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, SECOND CYCLE, 15 CREDITS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2018 Urban movers – elevated railway structures and urban life HANS VILJOEN TRITA TRITA-ABE-MBT-18414 KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT www.kth.se urban movERS ELEVATED RAILWAY STRUCTURES AND URBAN LIFE Hans Viljoen 2 3 abstract index Elevated railway structures (ERS) urban type, an infrastructural type 1. BACKGROUND has for more than a century been and other typologies. 39 types of evolving as an urban archetype. Pre- ERS interventions are described as 2. PROBLEMATISING ERS sent in various forms in cities across the result of a global literary and ex- the globe, to transport the increasing periential search of various instances 3. THEORISING ERS URBAN MOVERS number of citizens, ERS are urban in- of ERS and projects that seek their ELEVATED RAILWAY frastructures that perform a vital role urban integration. It is a search for 4. POTENTIALISING ERS STRUCTURES AND in curbing congestion and pollution the potentials of ERS to contribute URBAN LIFE that plague cities so often. In spite of to urban life and urban form, beyond 5. CONCLUSION their sustainable transport benefits, their main transport function - po- First published in 2018. ERS are often viewed negatively as tentializing ERS. 6. REFERENCES written by Hans Viljoen. noisy, ugly and severing urban form, amongst other problems which will #elevated railway structures, 7. PICTURE CREDITS contact: [email protected] be elaborated on - problematising #elevated transit structures, #urban ERS. A theorisation of these prob- typologies, #urban infrastructures, Final presentation: 07.06.2018 #transport, #railways Examiner: Tigran Haas lems follows, looking at ERS as an Supervisor: Ryan Locke AG218X Degree Project in Urban Studies, Second Cycle 15.0 credits Master’s Programme in Urbanism Studies, 60.0 credits School of Architecture and the Built Environment KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden Telephone: +46 8 790 60 00 Cover image.
    [Show full text]
  • Bangkok City Information
    Bangkok City Information City Map http://mappery.com/map-of/Bangkok-Map Transportation Transfer Guide ** Airport** Airport Map. http://www.suvarnabhumiairport.com/categories_map_en.php International Arrival http://www.suvarnabhumiairport.com/passenger_guide_arrival_international_en.php Procedures for international arrival Documents to be shown : Passport, Immigration Card (TM 6) Step 1 : Disembark from the aircraft Step 2 : Show passport and Immigration Card TM6 at the Immigration Control Counter Step 3 : Wait for luggage, at Baggage Claim No. 6-23 Step 4 : Pass Through customs check-point Step 5 : Move to Arrival Hall 2nd Floor (Exit B and C) Step 6 : Safely leave the Airport International Departure http://www.suvarnabhumiairport.com/passenger_guide_departure_international_en.php Procedures for international Departure Documents to be shown : Air Ticket, Passport, Immigration Card (TM 6) Step 1 : For Tax refund (if any) Show the goods and obtain official stamp Step 2 : Luggage and Ticket Check-in Step 3 : Pass through the screening point in to the Concourses Step 4 : Go through immigration formalities Step 5 : Wait for boarding in hold rooms, on the 2nd Floor Procedures for security check - Show travel documents - Separate luggage, liquid, computer, etc for passing through the X-Ray Machine - Walk through Metal Detector - Body check through Hand Scanner ** Airport Rail Link (ARL) ** http://www.suvarnabhumiairport.com/to_from_airport_link_en.php Suvarnabhumi Airport City Line (SA City Line) Service between Phaya Thai Station to Suvarnabhumi Station, stops at 6 stations on the way, namely Rajaprarop Station, Makkasan Station, Ramkhanhaeng Station, Hua Maak Station, Baan Tubchang Station and Lardkrabang Station; Travelling Time 30 minutes. It provides service from 06.00 to 24.00 everyday and Service at Basement B.
    [Show full text]
  • Thailand MRTA Initial System Project (Blue Line) I–V
    Thailand MRTA Initial System Project (Blue Line) I–V External Evaluator: Hiroyasu Otsu, Graduate School of Kyoto University Field Survey: August 2007 – March 2008 1. Project Profile and Japan’s ODA Loan Myミャンマーanmar ラオスLaos Thailandタイ Banバンコクgkok ◎ カンボジアCambodia プロジェクトサイトProject Site Map of the project area Bangkok Subway (MRT Blue Line) 1.1 Background Accompanying the rapid economic development in Bangkok starting in the 1990s, regular traffic congestion and the associated air pollution became evident in the urban area. The Thai government drew up the Bangkok Mass Transit Master Plan (produced by the Office of the Commission for the Management of Road Traffic (OCMRT) and hereinafter referred to as the “master plan”) in 1995 based on the 7th National Economic and Social Development Plan (1992–1996) for the purpose of developing a mass transit network and also for developing a network of ordinary roads and expressways to achieve steady economic growth, together with resolving the above-mentioned traffic congestion and air pollution. Furthermore, the development of the mass transit network proposed in the master plan is also specified in the subsequent 8th National Economic and Social Development Plan (1997–2000), and it is positioned as an extremely important national project in Thailand. The plan for the Bangkok mass transit system, part of the master plan, involves the construction of five lines that will radiate out and join the Bangkok Metropolitan Area (BMA) with the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR)1 together with creating a network 1 The Bangkok Metropolitan Region includes Bangkok, which is a special administrative area, and the surrounding five provinces of Samut Prakan, Pathum Thani, Samut Sakhon, Nakhon Pathom, and Nonthaburi.
    [Show full text]
  • Travel Guide
    7 x 10 inc 7 x 10 inc Travel Guide Wat Phra Kaeo, Bangkok Printed in Thailand by Promotional Material Production Division, Marketing Services Department, Tourism Authority of Thailand for free distribution. www.tourismthailand.org E/DEC 2015 The contents of this publication are subject to change without notice. 7 x 10 inc CONTENTS Introduction to the Land of Smiles 4 Formalities and Other Regulations 16 How to Get to Thailand 19 General Tourist Information 24 Communication Services 29 Dining 30 Shopping 32 Entertainment and Recreation 34 Special Interests 40 Amphoe Bang Khonthi, Samut Songkhram The Royal Barge Procession Wat Si Chum, Sukhothai Historical Park Introduction Travellers, as soon as they arrive, are safe from the The population is made up of a rich mix of ethnic to the Land of Smiles turmoil of life. Even in the big city of Bangkok, the groups- mainly Thai, Mon, Khmer, Laotian, Chinese, uniqueness of the food, architecture, language, cus- Malay, Persian, and Indian. Thai culture is evident The Kingdom of Thailand is predominantly Buddhist toms, and religion stimulates the senses. Away from everywhere in the Kingdom, in Buddhist rites which and one of the best countries in the world in which to the capital city, on the pristine sandy beaches and take place in numerous temples, in the succession of spend a vacation. Blessed with a tropical climate, it is emerald seas in the South or in the mountains of the festivals that occur throughout the year, and at the possible to travel comfortably throughout the coun- North, visitors can drowse their days away in a long, country markets where locals haggle, politely, for try at any time of the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Assistance for Project Implementation for Bangkok Mass Transit Development Project in Thailand
    MASS RAPID TRANSIT AUTHORITY THAILAND SPECIAL ASSISTANCE FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION FOR BANGKOK MASS TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN THAILAND FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS, CO., LTD. EID JR 10-159 MASS RAPID TRANSIT AUTHORITY THAILAND SPECIAL ASSISTANCE FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION FOR BANGKOK MASS TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN THAILAND FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS, CO., LTD. Special Assistance for Project Implementation for Mass Transit Development in Bangkok Final Report TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background of the Study ..................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Objective of the Study ......................................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Scope of the Study............................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 Counterpart Agency............................................................................................. 1-3 CHAPTER 2 EXISTING CIRCUMSTANCES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF MASS TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT IN BANGKOK .............................. 2-1 2.1 Legal Framework and Government Policy.......................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Relevant Agencies....................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2
    [Show full text]
  • INPUT 2019 City Guide
    INPUT Bangkok 2019 CONFERENCE CITY GUIDE GETTING FROM THE AIRPORT INTO TOWN BANGKOK AIRPORT TAXIS No doubt, Taxi is the most convenient option as it will bring you straight to your hotel, anytime. Taxi service is available at Passenger Terminal (first floor) gate 4 and gate 7. It is recommended to take a metered taxi (taxi with meter). And don’t forget to ask taxi driver to switch the meter on. Travel time: 45 to 75 minutes Cost: Ranging from 350 to 450 Baht ($10 to $15), including tolls and airport tax Service hours: 24 hours GETTING FROM THE AIRPORT INTO TOWN AIRPORT RAIL LINK (ARL) OR AIRPORT TRAIN The train station can be found at Basement B of the passenger terminal. The train starts its journey at Suvarnabhumi station and ends the ride at Phaya Thai interchange station in downtown Bangkok, from where you can take the train to travel around the city. The Airport Train also stops at Makkasan City Interchange Station – a MRT station that can bring you around through its underground train system. Travel time: 25 to 30 minutes (until Phaya Thai) Cost: 45 Baht ($1.3) Service hours: 06:00 to 00:00 daily Service schedule: The schedule offers trains every 12 minutes from 06:00 to 09:30 and from 16:30 to 20:30 on Monday to Friday. Apart from this, the trains leave every 15 minutes. The Royal Orchid Sheraton I", a classic boat with traditional Thai accents, provides complimentary river service to ICONSIAM, a three-minute ride from the hotel and Saphan Taksin skytrain (BTS) station, a ten-minute ride from the hotel.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation on Physical Distancing Measures for COVID-19 Mitigation of Rail Operation in Bangkok, Thailand
    Investigation on Physical Distancing Measures for COVID-19 Mitigation of Rail Operation in Bangkok, Thailand Somsiri Siewwuttanagul1*, Supawadee Kamkliang2 & Wantana Prapaporn3 1,2 The Cluster of Logistics and Rail Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Thailand 3 Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Japan * Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Received 5/5/2020; Revised 2/6/2020; Accepted 23/6/2020 Print-ISSN: 2228-9135, Electronic-ISSN: 2258-9194, doi: 10.14456/built.2020.7 Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is the global health crisis and was declared a pandemic on 11th April 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). The most common solution is physical distancing which refers to avoiding close contact with other people by keeping a physical space between others. The COVID-19 pandemic is challenging mass transit services which are usually crowded with passengers. There is a need for an effort to save lives and stop spreading the virus, but metro transit still needs to provide services to people. Although the metro operators in Bangkok had a quick response to this pandemic by implementing physical distancing measures at stations and in passenger cars, effective levels of these measures are still under question. This study compares the physical distancing data surveyed during the COVID-19 pandemic and close contact transmission by breathing which defined the risk distance. The study investigates passenger levels of infection risk from close contact transmissions by breathing during the time at the metro station, based on the location where activities take place in metro stations: concourse level, platform level, and in the passenger car during the commute.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Ferry Systems: Planning, Development and Use of Contemporary Water-Based Transit in Cities
    Urban Ferry Systems: Planning, Development and Use of Contemporary Water-Based Transit in Cities Author Tanko, Michael John Published 2017 Thesis Type Thesis (PhD Doctorate) School Griffith School of Environment DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/528 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366444 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Urban ferry systems: Planning, development and use of contemporary water-based transit in cities Michael Tanko Bachelor of Urban and Environmental Planning (Hons) Cities Research Institute School of Environment Griffith University December 2016 Thesis submitted to the Griffith University School of Environment for the award of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisors: Associate Professor Matthew Burke Dr Barbara Yen Professor Pan Haixiao Urban ferry systems: contemporary planning, development and use of water-based transit in cities ii Urban ferry systems: contemporary planning, development and use of water-based transit in cities Key words Ferries, water transit, public transport, ferry oriented development, economic benefits, transport planning, policy innovation. iii Urban ferry systems: contemporary planning, development and use of water-based transit in cities iv Urban ferry systems: contemporary planning, development and use of water-based transit in cities Abstract Increasing population growth in urban areas has led to significant problems, stretching the limits of existing urban transportation systems. While once playing a critical role in transport in the early development of cities, water transport has since declined sharply in relevance with increases in bridges, tunnels and the widespread proliferation of automobiles. But land based mass transit systems are often reaching capacity.
    [Show full text]