Wat Arun Temple Sebagai Tujuan Destinasi Wisata Terbaik Di Bangkok Thailand

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Wat Arun Temple Sebagai Tujuan Destinasi Wisata Terbaik Di Bangkok Thailand Foreign Case Study 2018 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta WAT ARUN TEMPLE SEBAGAI TUJUAN DESTINASI WISATA TERBAIK DI BANGKOK THAILAND M. Deo Reksa Putra 17.02722 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta Abstract : Makalah ini merupakan hasil laporan Foreign Case Study untuk syarat publikasi ilmiah di Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta dengan Judul Wat Arun Temple Sebagai Tujuan Destinasi Wisata Terbaik di Bangkok Thailand. 1. PENDAHULUAN Foreign Case Study (FCS) adalah sebuah kegiatan kewajiban bagi mahasiswa S1 Pariwisata di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pariwisata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta yang nantinya akan membuat laporan FCS dimana digunakan sebagai standar kualifikasi dan syarat kelulusan. Program FCS ini menuntut mahasiswa untuk melakukan pejalanan ke Luar Negeri untuk mempelajari perbedaan budaya, pengembangan bidang pariwisata di negara lain. Ada beberapa cara yang dapat ditempuh untuk melakukan FCS ini, yaitu Student Exchange, Double Degree, Join Degree, Journey dan program Magang. Thailand adalah salah satu negara di kawasan Asia Tenggara yang berbatasan dengan negara Laos dan Kamboja di sebelah timur dan negara Malaysia dan Teluk Siam di sebelah selatan dan negara Myanmar dan Laut Andaman di sebelah barat. Negara Thailand merupakan negara yang kaya akan keindahan alam dan sejarah hal itu di buktikan dengan banyaknya wisatawan yang datang untuk menikmati keindahan alam dan belajar sejarah ke negara tersebut. Thailand dikenal dengan julukan negara seribu Budha tentunya Thailand memiliki banyak sekali Candi Budha satu diantaranya adalah Wat Arun Candi ini diklasifikasikan sebagai candi Kerajaan kelas utama. Tempat ini adalah sebuah kuil tua, dibangun pada zaman kuno pada saat ibukota Thailand masih di Ayutthaya dan awalnya dikenal sebagai “Wat Makok”. Penulis memilih untuk mengikuti program FCS ke Thailand tepatnya pada tanggal 11 – 15 November 2017 melalu program ini penulis diajak untuk memahami dan mempelajari kebudayaan dan perkembangan pariwisata di Thailand khususnya di kota Bangkok dan pattaya, beberapa destinasi wisata yang penulis kunjungi adalah Wat Pho, Wat Arun, Asiatique, Floating market, Bee Farm, Laser Budha, Siam, dll [1]. Sebagai bahan pembahasan jurnal Foreign Case Study Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta program S-1 Pariwisata penulis tertarik untuk membahas destinasi wisata Wat Arun karena tempatnya yang trategis dan unik dan memiliki ciri khas tersendiri dan dijadikan salah satu objek wisata budaya dan religi yang sangat kental akan agama Budha dan kerajaan Thailand. Berdasarkan kunjungan dan observasi penulis ke Wat Arun dan pencarian informasi serta menelaah lebih jauh, penulis tertarik untuk mengangkat tema Destination. Karena tema tersebut akan di singkronisasikan dengan tema jurnal Domestic Case Study pada observasi selanjutnya yang juga mengambil tema Destination. 2. PEMBAHASAN Menurut Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 tentang kepariwisataan disebutkan bahwa pariwisata adalah berbagai macam kegiatan wisata dan didukung berbagai fasilitas serta layanan yang disediakan oleh masyarakat, pengusaha, pemerintah, dan pemerintah daerah [2]. Pariwisata adalah keseluruhan kegiatan pemerintah, dunia usaha dan masyarakat untuk mengatur, mengurus dan melayani kebutuhan wisatawan [3]. Pariwisata merupakan rangkaian kegiatan yang 1 dilakukan oleh manusia baik secara perorangan maupun kelompok di dalam wilayah negara lain. Kegiatan tersebut menggunakan kemudahan, jasa dan faktor penunjang lainnya yang diadakan oleh pemerintah dan atau masyarakat, agar dapat mewujudkan keinginan wisatawan [4]. Pariwisata merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan manusia terutama menyangkut kegiatan sosial dan ekonomi [5]. Diawali dari kegiatan yang semula hanya dinikmati oleh segelintir orang-orang yang relatif kaya pada awal abad ke-20, kini telah menjadi bagian dari hak azasi manusia. Hal ini terjadi tidak hanya di negara maju tetapi mulai dirasakan pula di negara berkembang. Indonesia sebagai negara yang sedang berkembang dalam tahap pembangunannya, berusaha membangun industri pariwisata sebagai salah satu cara untuk mencapai neraca perdagangan luar negeri yang berimbang. Melalui industri ini diharapkan pemasukan devisa dapat bertambah [6]. Pada hakikatnya berwisata adalah suatu proses kepergian sementara dari seseorang atau lebih menuju tempat lain di luar tempat tinggalnya [7]. Dorongan kepergiannya adalah karena berbagai kepentingan, baik karena kepentingan ekonomi, sosial, kebudayaan, politik, agama, kesehatan maupun lainnya seperti karena sekedar ingin tahu, menambah pengalaman baru [8]. Besarnya kegiatan pariwisata, terutama tingkat internasional, ditambah dengan situasi di mana batas antar negara semakin hilang, telah menjadikan pariwisata sebagai suatu kegiatan penting yang turut mempengaruhi hubungan internasional [9]. Banyak negara di dunia sekarang ini yang menganggap pariwisata sebagai sebuah aspek penting dari strategi pengembangan negara. Berikut merupakan pengertian pariwisata menurut beberapa ahli : 1. Pariwisata berasal dari bahasa sansekerta “pari” yang berarti banyak atau berkeliling dan “wisata” yang berarti pergi atau bepergian. Jadi pariwisata adalah perjalanan yang dilakukan secara berulang – ulang dan berpindah – pindah. 2. Gejala – gejala yang disebabkan oleh perjalanan dan pendiaman orang – orang asing serta penyediaan tempat tinggal sementara, asalkan pendiaman itu tidak tinggal menetap dan tidak memperoleh penghasilan dari aktifitas yang bersifat sementara itu. Sektor pariwisata memberikan keuntungan ekonomi terhadap negara yang bersangkutan [10]. Sektor pariwisata memberikan keuntungan khususnya bidang ekonomi terhadap negara yang bersangkutan. Keuntungan-keuntungan ini bisa didapatkan dari terbentuknya lapangan pekerjaan untuk masyarakat dan pemasukan devisa yang besar. Oleh karena itu untuk mempermudah kegiatan pariwisata tingkat internasional maka terbentuklah organisasi – organisasi pariwisata dunia seperti salah satunya merupakan bagian dari PBB yaitu WTO atau World Tourism Organisation. Organisasi ini merupakan organisasi internasional antar pemerintah yang bertujuan mempromosikan dan memajukan kepariwisataan guna membantu membangun ekonomi, perdamaian, kemakmuran, keadilan, dan hak asasi manusia karena seiring dengan perubahan zaman Pariwisata menjadi kebutuhan premier bagi setip manusia, bukan hanya perpindahan dari kota kekota namun berwisata melintasi antar negara sudah menjadi hal yang biasa saat ini dan telah di dukung fasilitas dan sarana yang memadai. A. Sekilas Tentang Thiland Thailand merupkan salah satu negara kerajaan yang terletak di Asia Tenggara yang cukup maju dan berkembang pesat. Thailand memiliki luas wilayah sebesar 513.120 km2dan jumlah penduduknya sekitar 65.104.000 jiwa (2015). Sampai saat ini Thailand masih berbentuk negara Kerajaan yang dipimpin oleh Maha Vajilarongkorn (Raja Rama X) menggantikan ayahnya yaitu Raja Thailand sebelumnya Bhumibol Adulyadej (Raja Rama IX) yang wafat pada tanggal 13 Oktober 2016. Pusat dari pemerintahan Kerajaan Thailand ini terletak di Bangkok yang sekaligus menjadi Ibu Kota Thailand dan kota terbesar di Thailand, dan disanalah juga terletak Istana Kerajaan. Kepala negara Thailand adalah Raja, namun Kepala pemerintahanya dipegang oleh Perdana Mentri yang saat ini dijabat oleh Prayuth Chan-ocha 1. Sejarah Nama Thailand Kerjaan Thailand dahulu dikenal dengan nama Siam namun berubah menjadi Thailand sejak tahun 1939. Thailand sendiri memiliki arti Rumah Kebebasan / Rumah Orang Merdeka karena Thailand adalah negara yang tidak pernah dijajah oleh bangsa eropa. Thailand memiliki julukan lain yaitu “Negri Gajah Putih” dikarenakan memang gajah adalah hewan khas di Thailand dan merupakan hewan yang memiliki arti penting dan suci bagi kerajaan Thailand. Selain itu nama “Negri Seribu Pagoda” juga sering dipakai sebagai nama lain Thailand karena memang di sana banyak Pagoda 2 yang tidak lain adalah tempat ibadah umat Budha yang memang menjadi agama mayoritas di Thailand. 2. Letak Geografis Thailand Thailand terletak di 5°-21° LU dan 97°-106° BTyang berbatasan langsung dengan 4 negara ASEAN lainya dan Laut Andaman serta Teluk Thailand. Berikut adalah batas-batas wilayah Thailand: Utara Laos dan Myanmar Timur Kamboja dan Laos Selatan Teluk Thailand dan Malaysia Barat Laut Andaman dan Myanmar Berdasarkan keadaan alamnya, wilayah Thailand dibagi menjadi empat, yaitu, Dataran rendah dibagian tengah, dialiri oleh sungai Chao Praya. Daerah ini merupakan daerah tersubur di Thailand dan sangat cocok untuk pertanian padi. Daerah pegunungan di bagian utara dan barat, dengan puncaknya yang tertinggi adalah gunung Dai Inthanon dengan tinggi kira – kira 2.594 m. Pegunungan kapur di bagian timur. Di daerah ini terdapat Plato Korat. Platotersebut mencakup lebih dari seperempat luas daratan Thailand. Di daerah pegunungan ini mengalir anak sungai Mekong. Semenanjung Thailand Selatan berupa dataran bukit – bukit rendah. Kerajaan ini dibagi dalam 76 Provinsi, namun dari 76 provinsi ini dikelomopokkan lagi ke dalam 5 kelompok yaitu: Utara, Timur Laut, Timur, Selatan dan Tengah. 76 Provinsi tersebut dibagi lagi dalam 795 distrik. Cuaca setempat adalah tropis dan bercirikan monsun. Ada monsun hujan, hangat dan berawan dari sebelah barat daya antara pertengahan Mei dan September, serta monsun yang kering dan sejuk dari sebelah timur laut dari November hingga pertengahan Maret. Tanah genting di sebelah selatan selalu panas dan lembap. Kota-kota besar selain ibu kota Bangkok termasuk Nakhon Ratchasima,
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