PROCEEDINGS of the FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE of the EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY NETWORK
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PROCEEDINGS of the FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE of the EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY NETWORK 1 EAHN 2018 EAHN 2018 PROCEEDINGS of the FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE of the EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY NETWORK Edited by Andres Kurg & Karin Vicente Estonian Academy of Arts 2018 2 3 CREDITS INTRODUCTION International Scientific Committee This electronic publication brings together papers and abstracts from the Howayda Al-Harithy, American University of Beirut Fifth International Meeting of the European Architectural History Network Ljiljana Blagojević, (EAHN), held in Tallinn between 13-16 June 2018. The organization‘s biannual Independent Scholar, Belgrade international meeting, is its largest gathering, and has previously been held Mark Crinson, in Guimarães (2010), Brussels (2012), Turin (2014), and Dublin (2016). As University of London Hilde Heynen, EAHN’s first meeting in north-eastern Europe, this year’s Tallinn conference Catholic University Leuven continues to expand the organization’s geographical reach, reflecting its Stephan Hoppe, aspiration to critically address centre-periphery relations within Europe. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Unlike many other large conventions of professional associations, the München Merlijn Hurx, EAHN international meeting does not have an overarching theme, instead Utrecht University it aims to map the present state of research, whilst actively promoting Kathleen James-Chakraborty, critical discussion and expanding the field of architectural history through University College Dublin embracing new research trajectories. As such, the conference chooses not to Andres Kurg, Estonian Academy of Arts limit itself to any one particular historical period or geographical region, but Eeva-Liisa Pelkonen, instead tries to include the widest possible variety of approaches to the built Yale University environment. Nuno Senos, The final program of this year’s Tallinn conference was put together Universidade Nova de Lisboa through two consecutive open calls. In December 2016, session and round table proposals were submitted for selection to an International Scientific Committee, who selected 24 sessions and two round tables out of 90 high- Edited by: Andres Kurg & Karin Vicente level proposals. In September 2017, the chosen sessions and round tables solicited papers through a subsequent call and the selection of speakers Graphic Design: was made by the chairs of each panel. As the call for papers produced Indrek Sirkel almost four times as many abstracts as could be accepted, the programme Copy Editing: committee decided to add two open sessions, with each chair putting Stina Sarapuu forward two of the strongest proposals which the conference had perviously not been able to accommodate. As a result, the meeting in Tallinn includes Language Editing: 26 sessions with 121 papers and two round tables with 11 position papers. Mark Taylor In composing the final programme, the Scientific Committee organised Supported by the selected sessions into five parallel tracks that are loosely thematically Estonian Cultural Endowment related and run throughout all three days. ‘Mediations’ gathers together Estonian Research Council grant no. IUT32-1 sessions observing the history of the sites of architectural knowledge production – such as architectural criticism, architectural magazines, and foundations supporting architectural research. It also addresses the status of colour, and the role of history as mediated in the architecture of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Published by ‘Comparative Modernities’ brings together sessions that address supra- Estonian Academy of Arts national networks and institutions as channels for instigating the processes June 2018 of global modernity: comprador networks in Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, UN development programmes in non-Western countries in the mid-twentieth century, centrally administered design institutions in the Socialist block, and private developers in post-war Welfare states. Positing ISBN 978-9949-594-64-1 this kind of analytical framework demands a rethink of architectural history’s traditional categories and vocabulary. In a similar way ‘Postmodernism’ is 4 5 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION re-thought in one session in this track through juxtaposing Western-centric Taken together, the tracks, round tables and the interest group meeting definitions of the term alongside examples of architectural practices within aim to give an overview of the discussions, subjects of research and the Eastern block. emerging tendencies in architectural history throughout Europe and beyond, The track ‘Peripheries’ aims to rethink European architectural anno 2018. Recognizing the contingency of this kind of overview, and historiography, looks at the Tasman world, Europe’s islamic architecture the partiality of any attempt to represent the whole field of scholarship, and rural modernism. These sessions aim to demonstrate that ‘periphery‘ we nevertheless believe in the role of the EAHN transnational meetings is a relational rather than a strictly geographical term, which plays out as a means of developing a new kind of platform that brings together in multifaceted relationships, in various locations. Examples range from authoritative scholaship as well as more polemical and overtly political mosques in West-European metropolitan cities, or modernism in rural accounts, providing space for asking uncomfortable questions, and raising farm settlements, to the paradoxical status of a country such as Greece – problems that exceed the confines of national traditions. simultaneously praised as a cradle of European architecture yet considered I want to express the pleasure of our organising team in welcoming this ‘peripheral’ when viewed through the lens of Western modernism. year’s conference participants to Tallinn, and hope that the research papers, ‘Discovery and Persistence’ looks at the early modern world: its position papers, polemics and conversations presented and conducted over residential systems, the longue durée of the baroque in Europe, the coming days will contribute to the future of architectural research, representations of the Orient before the nineteenth century and the exploring and challenging the study of the built environment in all its forms. representation of architecture in erudite writing. It also highlights the rediscovery of Roman antiquity during the Renaissance, foregrounding the Andres Kurg, archival documentation of sixteenth-century archaeological work undertaken Conference Chair in Rome. Finally, ‘Body and Mind’ brings together a diverse set of sessions, addressing, amongst numerous other issues, the fascination with the ‘irrational’ and surreal present in late modern and postmodern architecture, as well as mapping various structures which have historically operationalized the body. The latter category includes children’s architecture designed to train future (ideological) subjects, the architecture of reform from the late nineteenth century, and the mid-twentieth-century architecture of creativity which gave rise to new kinds of work spaces and classrooms. The proceedings also include papers and abstracts from two round tables and one Thematic Interest Group meeting. In ‘Who (Still) Needs Eastern Europe’ panelists debate about the recent transformations of the term ‘Eastern Europe’ in architectural studies, tracing how its earlier usage – in reference to the Habsburg empire and its aftermath – has been assimilated within the more recent history of the Communist block. The second roundtable, ‘Beyond Instrumentality: Environmental Histories of Architecture’, probes the methodological challenges faced by those attempting to approach architectural writing from an environmental perspective. The meeting of the Latin American Interest Group, preceding the main programme of the conference, was titled Latin American Dialogues and includes papers dealing with encounters and cultural transfer between Latin America and Europe since the nineteenth century: the displacement of European architects to Latin America, transfers of architectural models through writing and images, historiographical constructions that interpret and adapt European narratives. 6 7 CONTENTS CONTENTS 46 Ameliorating Research in Architecture: The Nuffield Trust and MEDIATIONS the Postwar Hospital David Theodore 47 State-Funded Militant Infrastructure? CERFI’s 23 RETHINKING ARCHITECTURAL COLOUR ‘Équipements collectif’ in the Intellectual History of Architecture Conor Lucey, Lynda Mulvin Meredith TenHoor 25 The Colourful Middle Ages? Anneli Randla 48 Workplace Politics: The Influence and Legacy of Public-Private Collaboration in DEGW’s Office Research Building Information 31 Pioneer Polychromy: Geology, Industry and Aesthetics in Irish Technology (ORBIT) Study (1983) Amy Thomas Victorian Architecture Christine Casey 49 LAUNCHING THE ARCHITECTURAL MAGAZINE: 32 Ornament without Ornamenting: Whiteness as the Default THE FORMATION OF A GENRE Materiality of Modernism Susanne Bauer Anne Hultzsch 33 A New Chromatic Vision: The Early Impact of Colour Photography 51 Printing a New Style: The First Swedish Architectural Magazine in Architecture Angelo Maggi and the Creation of Modern Scandinavian Architecture in the 1850s Anna Ripatti 35 MEDIATING ARCHITECTURE AND ITS AUDIENCES: THE ARCHITECTURAL CRITIC 52 ‘An Intimate Cooperation of the Intellectual Forces of German Maristella Casciato, Gary Fox Technology’: Professional Organisations and Their Jounals in the German Countries Christiane