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http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1793.html We ship printed books within 1 business day; personal PDFs are available immediately. Biomedical Politics Kathi E. Hanna, Editor; Committee to Study Decision Making, Division of Health Sciences Policy ISBN: 0-309-59757-9, 360 pages, 6 x 9, (1991) This PDF is available from the National Academies Press at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1793.html Visit the National Academies Press online, the authoritative source for all books from the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council: • Download hundreds of free books in PDF • Read thousands of books online for free • Explore our innovative research tools – try the “Research Dashboard” now! • Sign up to be notified when new books are published • Purchase printed books and selected PDF files Thank you for downloading this PDF. If you have comments, questions or just want more information about the books published by the National Academies Press, you may contact our customer service department toll- free at 888-624-8373, visit us online, or send an email to [email protected]. This book plus thousands more are available at http://www.nap.edu. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF File are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Distribution, posting, or copying is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Request reprint permission for this book. Biomedical Politics http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1793.html i Biomedical Politics riginal paper book, not from the Kathi E. Hanna, Editor the authoritative version for attribution. ing-specific formatting, however, cannot be Division of Health Sciences Policy Committee to Study Biomedical Decision Making INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1991 About PDFthis file: This new digital representation of original workthe has been recomposed XMLfrom files created from o the original typesetting files. breaks Page are true the line lengths, word to original; breaks, heading styles, and other typesett aspublication this inserted.Please versionoftypographicerrors have been accidentallyretained, and some print use the may Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Biomedical Politics http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1793.html ii NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20418 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sci- ences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distin- guished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the fed- the authoritative version for attribution. eral government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the National ing-specific formatting, however, cannot be Academy of Sciences. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy mat- ters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal govern- ment and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Samuel O. Thier is president of the Institute of Medicine. Support for this activity was provided by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The opinions and conclusions expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the National Academy of Sciences, or any of their con- stituent parts. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Biomedical politics / Kathi E. Hanna, editor ; Division of Health Sciences Policy, Committee to Study Biomedical Decision Making, Institute of Medicine. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-309-04486-3 1. Medical policy–Case studies. 2. Health planning–Case studies. I. Hanna, Kathi E. II. Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee to Study Biomedi- cal Decision Making. [DNLM: 1. Decision Making. 2. Health Policy–United States. 3. Politics– United States. WA 540 AA1 B52] RA393.B48 1991 362. 1–dc20 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress 91-18394 CIP Copyright © 1991 by the National Academy of Sciences No part of this book may be reproduced by any mechanical, photographic, or electronic pro- cess, or in the form of a phonographic recording, nor may it be stored in a retrieval system, transmit- ted, or otherwise copied for public or private use, without written permission from the publisher, except for the purpose of official use by the United States Government. Printed in the United States of America The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The image adopted as a logotype by the Insti- tute of Medicine is based on a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatlichemuseen in Berlin. About PDFthis file: This new digital representation of original workthe has been recomposed XMLfrom files created from original the paper book, not from the original typesetting files. breaks Page are true the line lengths, word to original; breaks, heading styles, and other typesett aspublication this inserted.Please versionoftypographicerrors have been accidentallyretained, and some print use the may Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Biomedical Politics http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1793.html iii COMMITTEE TO STUDY BIOMEDICAL DECISION MAKING CARL W. GOTTSCHALK (Chair), Kenan Professor of Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina riginal paper book, not from the PAUL BERG, Director, Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine and Willson Professor of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, the authoritative version for attribution. California ing-specific formatting, however, cannot be PETER F. CARPENTER, Visiting Scholar, Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University, Stanford, California LEON EISENBERG, Presley Professor and Chairman, Department of Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts WALTER HARRELSON, Distinguished Professor of Hebrew Bible, emeritus, The Divinity School, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee WILLIAM HUBBARD, Jr., Retired President, The Upjohn Company WILLIAM R. KENNEDY, Professor of Neurology, University of Minnesota Health Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota PATRICIA A. KING, Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. ERNEST R. MAY, Charles Warren Professor of History, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts DOROTHY NELKIN, Professor, Department of Sociology and Affiliated Professor, School of Law, New York University, New York, New York STANLEY JOEL REISER, Griff T. Ross Professor of Humanities and Technology in Health Care, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas PAUL SLOVIC, President, Decision Research and Professor of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon STAFF RUTH ELLEN BULGER, Division Director, Division of Health Sciences Policy KATHI E. HANNA, Study Director CATHARINE CHETNEY, Senior Secretary LOUISE GILLIS, Senior Secretary LEAH MAZADE, Staff Editor SHELLEY MEYERS, Senior Secretary APRIL POWERS, Senior Secretary About PDFthis file: This new digital representation of original workthe has been recomposed XMLfrom files created from o the original typesetting files. breaks Page are true the line lengths, word to original; breaks, heading styles, and other typesett aspublication this inserted.Please versionoftypographicerrors have been accidentallyretained, and some print use the may Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. iv riginal paper book, not from the the authoritative version for attribution. ing-specific formatting, however, cannot be http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1793.html Biomedical Politics Copyright © National Academy ofSciences. Allrights reserved. About PDFthis file: This new digital representation of original workthe has been recomposed XMLfrom files created from o the original typesetting files. breaks Page are true the line lengths, word to original; breaks, heading styles, and other typesett aspublication this inserted.Please versionoftypographicerrors have been accidentallyretained, and some print use the may Biomedical Politics http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1793.html PREFACE v Preface riginal paper book, not from the Scientists like to believe that they operate