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Saudi Female Artists Life Stories

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Saudi Female Artists Life Stories Unveiling Artists: Saudi Female Artists Life Stories Maha Alkhudair A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Education Faculty of Education University of Ottawa Supervisor: Dr. Awad Ibrahim © Maha Alkhudair, Ottawa, Canada, 2018 II إ هدإء لوإدل ٌي، نورة و إبرإھمی، و إ بين فارس. Dedicated to my parents, Norah and Ibrahim, and my son Faris. III Acknowledgments Above all, I greatly thank Allah for the blessing of making this thesis happen. Thanks to Allah for strength and health and for surrounding me with the best support system a person could hope for during such a difficult journey. I would also like to thank my parents for their continued support and wise counsel. There aren’t enough words for how grateful I am to you. You’ve been lighting my way since I was little and influencing me to work harder, to become stronger and more patient. Thank you for all the discussions we had about this thesis; you have helped me become a better researcher. Thanks for my dear son Faris, the source of my happiness and my strength while I was away from home. Thanks to my brothers and sisters, Rayya, Lama, May, Ali, Abdullah, and Sarah, for being on my side all the way. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor and mentor, Dr. Awad Ibrahim, for everything he has done. Thanks for inspiring me and making me see the world from different perspectives. Thanks for your patience, support, kindness, and valuable guidance. We have come a long way and I hope that this is not the end but a beginning. I would like also to thank my committee members, Dr. Douglas Fleming, Dr. Raymond LeBlanc, Dr. Rebecca Lloyd, and Dr. John Portelli for your guidance and patience. I would like to thank my second support system in Canada, Lama and Abody, you’ve been like a second family to me. I would like also to thank my friends Yasmine and Gloria. Thank you all for the support, advice, and for always being there. Thanks to the artists who participated in this study, Safeya Binzagr, Maha Almalluh, Tagreed Albagshi, and Fida Alhussan. Your life stories inspired me not only as an artist, but as a person and I treasure your trust and appreciate your time. It was an honour and a pleasure to meet you and work with you. Thanks to the Saudi Ministry of Higher Education, King Saud University in Riyadh, and the Saudi Cultural Bureau in Ottawa for the opportunity to pursue my Ph.D. at the University of Ottawa. Thanks for supporting me and for sponsoring this program. And finally, somehow, I would like to thank all those who put obstacles in my way—the more you did, the more determined I became. The blows I received from you made me a stronger person. IV Abstract This study tells the life stories of four Saudi female artists. Using life story narrative approach, I focused on the following research questions: How are Saudi female artists fulfilling their aspirations as artists in the conservative Saudi society? What are the common and divergent themes in the life stories of the Saudi women artists, namely Safeya Binzagr, Maha Almalluh, Tagreed Albagshi, and Fida Alhussan? The artists were interviewed using open-ended questions and asked to discuss their artwork. The postmodern feminism and social construction theories were used to understand their life experiences and how they came to be “successful artists” in the conservative Saudi society. The findings showed that family and formal education played an important role in these women’s life journeys as artists. The Saudi society was also a major influence, sometimes supporting them, at other times obstructing them. These artists share many personality features such as being persistent, believing in themselves, taking risks, facing challenges, being independent, being responsible as artists and as part of society, and being honest in their artwork. This study contributes to the art education curriculum in Saudi schools and universities. Globally, it contributes to women’s studies and to social and cultural studies in shedding light on the Saudi society, especially as it is experienced by women. V Table of Contents Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................ III Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ IV List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. IX List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. X Chapter One .................................................................................................................................... 1 An Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................................................... 2 Researching the researcher ................................................................................................................... 2 Art education curricula ......................................................................................................................... 4 Problem Statement .................................................................................................................................. 6 Research Question ................................................................................................................................... 7 An Outline of the Chapters .................................................................................................................. 14 Chapter Two ................................................................................................................................. 16 Literature Review ......................................................................................................................... 16 Saudi Arabia: Context and History ..................................................................................................... 18 Religion ............................................................................................................................................... 19 Influence of media and technology ..................................................................................................... 20 Family and traditions .......................................................................................................................... 21 Women in Saudi Arabia ...................................................................................................................... 22 Visual arts in Saudi Arabia ................................................................................................................. 26 Art education in Saudi Arabia ........................................................................................................................ 29 Religious influence on visual arts .................................................................................................................. 32 Female artists ................................................................................................................................................. 34 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 36 Chapter Three ............................................................................................................................... 37 Theoretical Framework ............................................................................................................... 37 Feminism ................................................................................................................................................ 37 Feminism in the Arab/Muslim world .................................................................................................. 42 Postmodernism ...................................................................................................................................... 44 Postmodernism and Feminism in Cooperation .................................................................................. 46 Postmodern feminism in the Arab/Muslim world .............................................................................. 49 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 50 Chapter Four ................................................................................................................................ 52 VI Methodological Framework ........................................................................................................ 52 Narrative ................................................................................................................................................ 52 Life Story ............................................................................................................................................ 55 The Social Construction of Life Stories ..............................................................................................
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