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The Political Culture of Democracy in Haiti and in the Americas, 2014

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The Political Culture of Democracy in Haiti and in the Americas, 2014 The Political Culture of Democracy in Haiti and in the Americas, 2014: Democratic Governance across 10 Years of the AmericasBarometer By François Gélineau, Ph.D. Université Laval Elizabeth J. Zechmeister, Ph.D. LAPOP Director and Series Editor Vanderbilt University This study was performed with support from the Program in Democracy and Governance of the United States Agency for International Development. The opinions expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the point of view of the United States Agency for International Development. March 2016 Table of Contents Table of Contents List of Figures ....................................................................................................................................... vii List of Maps ............................................................................................................................................ xi List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... xi Preface .................................................................................................................................................. xiii Prologue: Background to the Study .................................................................................................... xv Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. xxv Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ xxix Understanding Figures in this Study .............................................................................................. xxxv Part I: Crime, Violence, and Perceptions of the Role of the State in the Americas ......................... 1 Chapter 1. Crime and Violence across the Americas ..................................................................... 3 I. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 II. Background: The Prevalence of Crime and Violence in the Americas ........................................ 5 Official Rates of Intentional Homicide, Robberies and Burglaries .................................... 5 Public Opinion Data as an Important Source for Crime Statistics..................................... 9 III. An Overview of Crime and Violence in the Minds of Citizens of the Americas ..................... 11 IV. Experiences with Crime and Violence in the Americas: A View from the AmericasBarometer ................................................................................................................... 15 Trends in Crime Victimization across the Americas ......................................................... 15 Who is Likely to Be a Victim of a Crime? ......................................................................... 25 V. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 27 Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 28 Chapter 2. Economic Development and Perceived Economic Performance in the Americas ..................................................................................................................... 29 I. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 29 II. Main Findings ............................................................................................................................. 30 III. The Evolution of Household Wealth ......................................................................................... 31 IV. Despite Improvements, Many Households Struggle to Make Ends Meet ................................ 36 V. How Do People Perceive the National Economy? ..................................................................... 39 VI. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 44 Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 46 Chapter 3. Corruption in the Americas ......................................................................................... 49 I. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 49 II. Main Findings ............................................................................................................................. 50 III. Personal Experiences with Corruption ...................................................................................... 51 IV. How Do the Citizens of the Americas Perceive Corruption in Government? .......................... 58 Page | iii The Political Culture of Democracy in Haiti, 2014 V. Do the Citizens of the Americas See Corruption as Justifiable? ................................................ 63 VI. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 66 Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 68 Chapter 4. Democracy, Performance, and Local Government in the Americas ........................ 71 I. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 71 II. Main Findings of this Chapter .................................................................................................... 71 III. Local Government, Participation, Institutional Trust, and Democracy .................................... 72 IV. Local Level Participation .......................................................................................................... 74 Local Meeting Attendance ................................................................................................. 75 Demand Making on Local Government ............................................................................ 76 V. Satisfaction with and Trust in Local Government ..................................................................... 81 Satisfaction with Local Services ........................................................................................ 82 Trust in Local Government ............................................................................................... 92 VI. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 95 Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 97 Chapter 5. A Decade of Democratic Legitimacy in the Americas in the Americas ................. 103 I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 103 II. Main Findings ........................................................................................................................... 104 III. Support for Democracy ........................................................................................................... 105 IV. Trust in Political and Social Institutions ................................................................................. 106 V. Attitudinal Profiles Conducive to Democratic Stability .......................................................... 115 Support for the Political System ...................................................................................... 116 Political Tolerance .......................................................................................................... 120 Attitudes Conducive to Democratic Stability .................................................................. 124 VI. Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 128 Appendix ....................................................................................................................................... 130 Part II: Governance, Political Participation and Civil Society in the Americas .......................... 137 Chapter 6. Haitians and Human Development ........................................................................... 139 I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 139 II. Economic Well-being ............................................................................................................... 140 III. Indoor Plumbing and Bathrooms ............................................................................................ 143 IV. Popular Perceptions of Public Goods Delivery ...................................................................... 146 V. Crime and Insecurity ................................................................................................................ 148 VI. Corruption
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