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Planetary Sciences Subcommittee of NAC MEP Update

Doug McCuistion Director, Exploration Program 26 January 2011 2 Program News

• New Scientist – Dr. Mitch Schulte reports in February

• Joint Program Documentation – Executive Program Plan ready for signature cycle mid-February – Memorandum of Understanding to State Department by March

• NASA Program Implementation Review (PIR) – Occurs every other year to evaluate and re-authorize the MEP – Scheduled for April/May – Review Board Chair (Dennis Andryuck/GSFC) aboard • Team and Terms of Reference being developed

• Mars Program Update forum at National Air & Space, Jan 13th

3 3 Mars Program Update From “Follow the Water” to “Seeking Signs of Life”

A public forum at the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) on January 13, 2011, to review the evidence of water on Mars, current Mars missions and future Mars activities.

Three panels were moderated by Dr. John Grant (NASM Chair, Center of Earth and Planetary Studies): 1) Follow the Water: What Have We Found? 2) How Do We Do It? Status of Current Missions 3) Seeking Signs of Life: What Will the Future Bring?

Planetary Science Division panelists included Doug McCuistion, Michael Meyer and Mary Voytek. Other panel members included Jack Mustard (Brown University), Steve Squyers (Cornell University), Marcello Coradini (ESA) and Jennifer Eigenbrode (GSFC).

Standing room attendance at the event was over 200, including students from Stuart-Hopson Middle School and the Whittier Education Campus STEM School.

The event was carried live on NASA TV and on Livestream. As of Jan. 24 Livestream reported over 98,000 viewer minutes, and 4425 viewers on http://youtube.com/nasatv.

The Mars Update Program was carried live and is archived at http://www.livestream.com /mars 4 4 Missions

• Mars Odyssey – orbiter and its subsystems and the THEMIS, HEND & NS continue to perform. • Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter – orbiter and its subsystems are performing nominally • – operations are nominal—extended mission through 2012. • Project – – Spirit remains silent, no communication has been received since 2210 (March 22, 2010). It is likely that Spirit has experienced a low-power fault and has turned off all sub-systems. Probability of recovery is diminishing. – –Opportunity is headed toward Endeavor Crater. Total odometry 26.7km (about 16.6 miles) • – Rover fully assembled and environmental test begins with vibe on 14 February. • Mars Atmosphere and Volatiles Evolution (MAVEN) – Passed KDP-C and officially in Implementation Phase (Phase C) • 2016 TGO – Passed ESA’s System-PDR in December 2010; KDP-A for NASA portion scheduled for March 30th. • 2018 Dual Rovers – Design concept trade studies still underway

5 5 Victoria

Santa Maria Endeavour

22 km

Spirit and Sojourner Opportunity 1996 2011 2003 6

6 The MSL-Curiosity Rover Mission

ChemCam Curiosity’s primary scientific goal Mastcam is to explore and quantitatively assess a local region on Mars’ RAD surface as a potential habitat for REMS life, past or present

DAN Objectives: •Assess the biological potential of the site by investigating any organic and inorganic compounds and the processes that might preserve them MAHLI •Characterize geology and geochemistry, APXS including chemical, mineralogical, and Brush MARDI Drill / Sieves isotopic composition, and geological Scoop processes •Investigate the role of water, atmospheric Rover Width: 2.8 m evolution, and modern weather/climate Height of Deck: 1.1 m •Characterize the spectrum of surface Ground Clearance: 0.66 m radiation Height of Mast: 2.2 m 7 MSL Development Progress

• Overall status: – On track for shipment of spacecraft to KSC in June, and on-time launch in November/December launch window. Current technical issues in-family for this phase of development.

• SA/SPaH Development – Organic contamination of drill bit identified during manufacturing process – Drill force sensor anomalous performance

• SAM – Series of Wide Range Pump problems associated with bearing design and materials resolved – SAM now fully integrated into rover

• Rover Battery – Contamination of percussive weld bead on header/picket assembly – Pursuing rebuilding and reworking header assemblies for flight/flight spares

• Budget – Unacceptably low project reserves going in to FY 2011 – Agency PMC approved augmentation in Dec ‘10 to restore budget reserve posture to ensure successful development/test completion; reserves partially held by HQ

• Lessons Learned – Numerous IG and GAO reviews/audits underway – Internal NASA Lessons Learned activity jointly with OCE will start up soon 8 Curiosity Milestones

• Environmental test sequence begins: 14 Feb, 2011

• Call for Participating Scientist proposals – ~18 expected selections – 4 ½ years duration – Proposals due March 22, 2011

• Launch Site Selection: – Last workshop in May; early summer down-select

• Launch Window opens: Nov. 25, 2011

• Landing on Mars: Aug. 2012 9 9 Sites (Previous Missions and MSL Candidates)

10 Candidate Landing Sites

Eberswalde Crater (24°S, 327°E, -1.5 km) contains a Gale Crater (4.5°S, 137°E, -4.5 km) contains a 5-km clay-bearing delta formed when an ancient river sequence of layers that vary from clay-rich materials deposited sediment, possibly into a lake. near the bottom to sulfates at higher elevation.

Holden Crater (26°S, 325°E, -1.9 km) has alluvial Mawrth Vallis (24°N, 341°E, -2.2 km) exposes layers fans, flood deposits, possible lake beds, and clay- within Mars’ surface with differing mineralogy, including at least two kinds of clays. rich sediment. 11

MSL ATLO Schedule: FY’11

Oct ’10 Dec ’10 Feb ’11 Apr ’11 Jun ’11 Aug ’11 Oct ’11

Commence

ST5b ST7A ST7B ST8A ST8B ST8C ST9:Destacked LV Encapsulation

ST6

R8A R9.0A R9.1A R9.2A R9.3A

R8B R9.0B

Support

PARts DS Re-Integ

PDV Functionals: PWR Functional

Bus Transient

EDL EMI / EMC

Ship: 5/11/11

CSAs

Cruise Pack,

Ship

Stage Vehicle

Closeout `

Ship: 6/22/11 DIMU DPAMs BUD

Descent

EIP

Stage Margin Margin Rework

Pete’s Margin

Stack Vehicle

Vehicle Fueling

RVR / DS Fit RVR Fit DS Check /

RBAU PDV PDV Functional Testing - Measurements MP Final Drill Drill

RIPA SAM A FM RBAU RREU Boards Redelivery RA RVR MP RVR MMRTG Electrical Checkout

Stacked Vehicle Functional Testing

-

DeStacked Functional Testing DeStacked Functional Testing DeStacked Functional Testing

RVR

Vehicle Closeout Function Surface Pack, Ship, Unpack De Rover Testing Vibe Funct Turret

STT Pete’s EMC Rework Rework

Margin Holiday Period 1 Period 2 Turret & Margin

#2 Cam Cal Regressiont

RVR “Rework” Period 1 RVR “Rework” Period 2 RVR “KSC Closeout” Period 2

MOB Rework SAM Install & EIP ZMC Install (TBR) FM RCE-A Install RBAU Install & EIP FMRBAU Install

FM RCE-B Install ChemCam BU Rework (CC) Using PARTs RCE

RREU Swap (DS2RVR) RIPA Install, Loading & EIP CBE Delivery Date

RPAM HPCU Rework HazCam Covers Install

RAD Install Mobility Energy Absorber Install Multiple Shift Activity

ChemCam BU Install

12

1313 Spirit and Sojourner Curiosity Opportunity 1996 2011 2003 14

14 2013 MAVEN

• MAVEN was confirmed on October 4, 2010 – Phase C began on November 1, 2010 – All Phase C/D contracts signed – Establishing EVM baselines • Green on all metrics – Risks include HEPS card single point failures and testing, FSW staffing at Lockheed, issues identified in JUNO and GRAIL ATLO • Starting to build and test instrument, spacecraft and ground systems hardware and software – Engineering models, test articles, etc. • Education and Public Outreach Implementation Plan on track • Responsibility – PI: Bruce Jakosky, LASP – Project Mgt: Dave Mitchell, GSFC – Partners: GSFC, Lockheed Martin, LASP, SSL Berkeley, JPL

Technical Cost Schedule Programmatic Overall Last This Last This Last This Last This Last This Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month G G G G G G G G G G 15 Joint Mars Exploration Program A New Kind of SMD International Partnership

This is a partnership between programs – Historically, partnership with ESA is on a single mission basis – Quid pro quo is balanced across multiple missions, not within a single mission – Leadership of missions is negotiated and alternated – Partnership leverages resources, enabling increased mission content and launch frequency over a period of years – Sharing risk and responsibility of technology developments (within ITAR) – Each mission’s risks and successes affect future missions, regardless of who is the “mission lead” • Intertwined critical paths • Technology and schedule risk

Overall risk posture increases when partnering at program level –but– The benefits outweigh the risks

16 NASA-ESA Joint Mars Program Management Structure Program Initiation and Mission Formulation

• Management structure established – Joint Mars Executive Board—meets regularly – Joint Engineering Working Group(s) for future mission concepts – Joint Mars Architecture Review Team (jMART) established

• Bi-Lateral (Dr. Southwood and Dr. Weiler)—meets regularly

• 2016 mission project office established within Mars Program Office at JPL – ESA orbiter mission under ExoMars Program Office

• Overall governance, documentation, review and approval processes, etc., maturing – Presented to NASA Agency Program Management Council in Oct ‘10

• MSR working group established in April 2010

1717 2016 ExoMars/ (TGO)

 Mission Overview—ESA Mission Lead; NASA Science Lead:  Detect, characterize, and locate sources of atmospheric trace gases and isotopes  Provide telecommunications relay to/from surface assets MATMOS  [ESA objective] Demonstrate European capability to perform EDL Solar occultation Fourier transform IR spectrometer  NASA roles/deliverables  4 Orbital science instruments – MATMOS, EMCS, MAGIE, HiSCI NOMAD  Science-Relay-Aerobraking (SRA) Ops Facility & Science Center) Occultation + mapping IR, Vis, UV  Electra UHF Relay Radio spectrometer (supplied by EU)  Launch vehicle and services; Atlas-V 431-class performance  Project Categorization: Category 2 ($250M-$1B; Medium Priority) EMCS  ESA roles/deliverables Thermal IR spectrometer  Orbiter Spacecraft bus  EDL demonstrator module (EDM mass ≤ 600kg including margin) MAGIE  Science instrument for orbiter (Belgium) Wide-angle Vis-UV camera

 Implementation details HiSCI  Joint orbital science team High resolution , colour, stereo  Joint mission operations; ESA/ESOC leads S/C ops; NASA leads science, relay, and camera aerobraking (SRA) ops  Shared ground network support; ~50/50 guideline DSN and ESA Network support  Key Milestones  KDP-A: March’11  KDP-B: July’11; KDP-C/Confirmation Review: Feb’12  Jan’16: Launch from KSC  Oct-Nov ‘16: Deploy EDL Demo (EDM) followed by MOI and aerobraking start  Mar-Jun’17: Start 1 Mars year of science observations in 400 km circular orbit  Jan’19: Start Relay phase for 2018 rover

18 2016 ExoMars/Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) Science Objectives

• Detect and survey trace gases and their isotopologues in the Mars atmosphere in order to understand the nature of their subsurface/surface sources: Biochemical and geochemical?

– Including but not limited to H2O, HO2, H2O2, NO2, N2O, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, H2CO, HCN, H2S, OCS, SO2, HCl, CO, O3 – Confirm their presence and variability over all Mars seasons – not just methane! • Characterize the processes by which methane, other trace gases, and aerosols interact and are possibly removed from the atmosphere − H2O, CO2, ice and dust aerosol

• Locate atmospheric source regions to further characterize the surface/subsurface sources – Identify possible locales for future surface/subsurface exploration

=> These goals can be summarized as: Detection, Characterization, Localization

1919 2018 Dual Rovers Mission

Cruise stage & nd aeroshell separation • Mars 2018 is 2 mission of NASA-ESA Joint Mars Exploration Program – Delivers to Mars surface the ESA ExoMars Rover and a proposed NASA Sample & Caching Rover – NASA to provide launch/cruise/EDL for both rovers • Current conceptual design would maximize use of MSL-heritage Launch, Cruise, and EDL systems • Mars 2018 Project is currently in Pre-Phase A – Working towards Mission Concept Review & issuance of Formulation Authorization Document, in conjunction with Key Decision Point A (KDP-A) in late 2011/early 2012 ESA ExoMars Rover • Note: ESA Rover has been under development for > 4 years. The ESA ExoMars Project considers the rover maturity to be at PDR (Phase B->C transition) level • Key Milestones Sky Crane Maneuver – Apr. ‘11: NASA/ESA Interface Requirements Doc., Version 1 – Nov. ’11: Mission Concept Review (leads to KDP-A Jan. ’12) – KDP-A: Jan. ’12; KDP-B: Apr. ’13; KDP-C: Sep. ’14

NASA Rover

Stand-Up Touchdown Through Initial Deployments and Egress

20 Mars Program Upcoming Events—FY11

January February March Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4

Operating MEX PHOBOS MEX RADIO Missions FLYBY SCIENCE TEAM MEETING

01/09 03/14-15

Radiological Contingency Radiological Contingency Ground Operations Planning Meeting Planning Table-top Exercise Review MSL

01/25-27 03/1-4 03/7

MAVEN MAVEN QSR/PSG LASP IBR

01/19-21 03/31-4/1 DPMC MARS 2016 OWST KDP-A @ 2016 KDP-A MEETING @ CMC @ JPL HQ SRR @ JPL 2016/ETGO JPL

TBD TBD 03/15-16 03/28 MSR Ground Rules/Assumptions WKSHP Decadal Release SIAD CONCEPT JPL Quarterly JMART #1 @LPSC REVIEW E2E-ISAG JPEP TELECON PCA/PGM Plan Program and 2018 NASA-ESA Face-to-Face NASA-ESA 2018 Architecture PCA REVIEW Interface WKSHP EXEC Update to ESA FPR (Tentative) BILAT Future Mission PSS @JPL BOARD Activities

01/15-16 1/19 01/25 1/31 2/7-10 2/10 02/15-16 02/17-18 03/14 03/07 03/21-25 03/29-31 1/27 21 1/26-27