INDEX Note: Disorder names and key terms are in bold face. Page numbers in bold face indicate main discussions. Page numbers followed by f, t, or b indicate figures, tables, and boxed material, respectively.

A Absence seizures, 1456 A blood type, 629–630, 630t Absolute neutrophil count, 664 A1C, in diabetes mellitus, 1192, 1193 Absolute refractory period, 691–692, 799–800, 800f A1C test, in diabetes mellitus, 1193 Absorption atelectasis, 596 AB blood type, 629–630, 630t Abuse, elder, 63–64, 64t Abarelix (Plenaxis), for prostate cancer, 1359t Acanthamoeba keratitis, 388 Abatacept (Orencia), for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1613–1614 Acanthosis nigricans, in diabetes mellitus, 1222 Abciximab (ReoPro), for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t Acapella device, 599, 602f ABCs Acarbose (Precose), for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 of burn management, 456 Accelerated idioventricular rhythm, 808 of emergency nursing, 1719 Access to care ABCDEs, of melanoma, 427, 429f health disparities and, 21–22. See also Health disparities. ABCDEFs, of angina treatment, 750t Accessory nerve, 1378f, 1378t Abdomen examination of, 1383 assessment of, 884–889 Accolate (zafirlukast) examination of, 886 for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t auscultation in, 887 for asthma, 571–575, 573t–574t inspection in, 886-887 Accommodation, visual, 366 palpation in, 888, 888f Acculturation, 22, 27–28 percussion in, 887 AccuNeb. See Albuterol. imaging studies of, 632t, 891–892, 891t–894t Accupril (quinapril), for hypertension, 724t–727t quadrants of, 886, 887f Accutane (isotretinoin), for acne, 435b regions of, 886, 887f ACE inhibitors. See Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Abdominal aortic aneurysms, 844–845, 845f, 847f. See also Aortic - Acebutolol (Sectral), for hypertension, 724t–727t aneurysms. Aceon (perindopril), for hypertension, 724t–727t Abdominal breathing, 597 Acetaminophen (Tylenol), 122, 123t relaxation, 94, 94t for inflammation, 173, 174t Abdominal bruits, 890t, 1084 for osteoarthritis, 1604–1608 Abdominal compartment syndrome, 994–995, 1679 hepatotoxicity of, 1043b Abdominal distention, 890t overdose of, 1731t in irritable bowel syndrome, 994 Acetazolamide (Diamox), for glaucoma, 399t–400t postoperative, 345–347, 356, 1127 Acetohydroxamic acid, for urinary calculi, 1110 Abdominal fat, vs. visceral fat, 921, 923f, 923t Acetylcholine, 1374t Abdominal gas, 355–356 Achalasia, 954, 957, 957f Abdominal girth, measurement of, 1054–1056 Achilles tendon reflex, assessment of, 1385 Abdominal pain. See also Pain. Achilles tendonitis, 1539t acute, 990–991, 991t, 996f Acid ingestion, 1731t chronic, 992–993 Acid-base balance, 300–304 emergency management of, 992t buffers in, 301 rebound, 890t pH and, 300, 301f Abdominal paradox, 484t–485t regulation of, 300–301, 1078–1079 Abdominal surgery, 992–993 renal system in, 301, 1077 postoperative care in, 993 respiratory system in, 301 preoperative care in, 993 terminology of, 300t Abdominal trauma, 994–995, 995t Acid-base imbalances, 300–304 Abducens nerve, 1378f, 1378t assessment in, 304–306, 305t examination of, 1382 blood gas values in, 304, 304t Abduction, 1538t clinical manifestations of, 304, 303t, 305t Abortion, 1316 diagnosis of, 303, 304 induced, 1316–1317, 1317t, 1318b in chronic kidney disease, 1143 spontaneous, 1316 metabolic acidosis, 302t–303t, 303. See also Metabolic acidosis. Abrasion, corneal, 371t metabolic alkalosis, 302t–303t, 303. See also Metabolic alkalosis. Abscess mixed, 323 anorectal, 1028, 1028f respiratory acidosis, 302, 302t–303t, 565–566. See also Respiratory brain, 1418t, 1416 acidosis. lung, 533–534 respiratory alkalosis, 302–303, 302t–303t, 565–566. See also pancreatic, 1062 Respiratory alkalosis. peritonsillar, 503 ROME mnemonic for, 304t tubo-ovarian, 1327–1328, 1327f Acid-fast bacilli test, in tuberculosis, 530 1 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Acidosis, 300. See also Acid-base imbalances. Acute alcohol toxicity, 159 Aciphex. See Rabeprazole (Aciphex). Acute arterial ischemia, 857–858 Acne vulgaris, 421t, 436f, 436t–437t Acute bronchitis, 520 Acoustic nerve, examination of, 1383 Acute chest syndrome, 648–650 Acoustic neuromas, 406, 1412t Acute coronary syndrome, 754 Acova (argatroban), for venous thromboembolism, 863t, 864 acute intervention in, 764 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 226. See also Human ambulatory and home care for, 766 immunodeficiency virus infection. assessment in, 762t Acrochordons, 436t–437t collaborative care for, 751f, 750t, 758–761 Acromegaly, 1226–1228, 1227f diagnosis of, 751f, 757–758 Acromioplasty, 1549 ECG in, 814–815, 814t Acropachy, 1236, 1236f emergency management of, 758t Actemra (tocilizumab), for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1614 nursing care plan for, 763b–764b ACTH, 1172t, 1175 nursing diagnoses for, 762 deficiency of, 1229 nursing management of, 762–770 in Addison’s disease, 1251–1252 patient teaching for, 767, 767t, 769t in Cushing syndrome, 1249 planning in, 762 measurement of, 1186t–1187t rehabilitation in, 765t, 767 ACTH stimulation test, 1252 Acute illness, 57, 58t Actigall (ursodiol), for primary biliary cirrhosis, 1044 Acute kidney injury, 1135–1140 Actigraphy, 102 clinical manifestations of, 1136–1138 Actinic keratosis, 427, 428t collaborative care in, 1139–1140, 1139t fluorouracil for, 439 continuous renal replacement therapy for, 1159–1160 Actinomycosis, 533, 533t contrast-associated nephropathy and, 1140 Action potentials, 1373 diagnosis of, 1138, 1139t cardiac, 690, 796f diuretic phase of, 1138 Actiq. See Fentanyl. etiology of, 1136, 1137t Activase. See Alteplase (Activase). in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, 1694 Activated charcoal, for poisoning, 1731 in older adults, 1141 Activated clotting time, 630t, 864t in systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 1694 Activated partial thromboplastin time, 630t, 864t intrarenal, 1136 Active acquired immunity, 194, 194t nursing management of, 1140 Active listening, 47 nutritional therapy for, 1140 Active transport, 284–285 oliguric phase of, 1136 Activities of daily living, in chronic illness, 59 pathophysiology of, 1136 Activity and exercise. See also under Exercise. postrenal, 1136 body weight and, 927, 929 prerenal, 1136 FITT formula for, 744–745, 769t recovery phase of, 1138 immobilization and, 1560–1561 staging of, 1136, 1137t in cardiac rehabilitation, 766, 768t vs. chronic kidney disease, 1136t in COPD, 603–604 Acute liver failure, 1058 in coronary artery disease, 741, 742–743 Acute lung injury, 1711, 1714t. See also Acute respiratory distress in cystic fibrosis, 609 syndrome (ARDS). in diabetes mellitus, 1204, 1204t Acute lymphocytic leukemia, 670, 669t, 672t. See also Leukemia. in hypertension, 721 Acute myelogenous leukemia, 670, 670f, 669t. See also Leukemia. in multiple sclerosis, 1467 Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, 945t in older adults, 67–68, 68b Acute pancreatitis, 1061, 1062f, 1063t–1064t in osteoarthritis, 1604, 1609 Acute pericarditis, 823–825. See also Pericarditis. in osteoporosis prevention, 1596 Acute pharyngitis, 502 in pain management, 131 Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, 1104, 1104t in peripheral arterial disease, 854 Acute pyelonephritis, 1099–1100 in rheumatoid arthritis, 1618 Acute radiation syndrome, 1734, 1736t isotonic, 768 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 552t, 1711–1715 measurement of, 767, 768t case study of, 1717b metabolic equivalents for, 767, 768t chronic (late) phase of, 1713 postoperative, 352 clinical manifestations of, 1713 static, 768 clinical progression of, 1713 Activity-exercise pattern, 37t, 38 collaborative care for, 1715–1717, 1715t Actonel (risedronate) complications of, 1713–1714, 1714t for osteoporosis, 1596 diagnosis of, 1713, 1715t for Paget’s disease, 1597–1598 etiology of, 1711–1712 Actoplus Met (metformin/pioglitazone), 1200t fibrotic phase of, 1712 Actos (pioglitazone), for diabetes mellitus, 1201 fluid therapy for, 1716 Acupressure, 83 in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, 1694 Acupuncture, 83, 131, 1591b in systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 1694 for headaches, 1452b injury (exudative) stage of, 1712–1714 Acute abdominal pain, 990–991, 991t, 996f mechanical ventilation in, 1715–1716 2 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

complications of, 1713–1714 Adrenaline, endogenous, 1172t, 1177, 1374t medical supportive therapy for, 1716 Adrenocortical insufficiency, 1251–1252 nursing management of, 1715 Adrenocorticotropic hormone. See ACTH. nutritional therapy for, 1716 Adult day care programs, 65 pathophysiology of, 1711–1713, 1712f Adult inclusion conjunctivitis, 387 positioning in, 1715–1716 Adult T-cell leukemia, 669. See also Leukemia. reparative (proliferative) phase of, 1713 Advair. See Fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair). Acute respiratory failure. See Respiratory failure. Advance directives, 144, 145t Acute tubular necrosis, 1136, 1137f ethical aspects of, 605b burns and, 448, 455 Advanced practice nurse, 3–4 electrical injury and, 448 Adventitious breath sounds, 484, 484t–485t posttransplant, 1165 in respiratory failure, 1705 Acute viral rhinitis, 495–497 Advil. See Ibuprofen. Acyclovir (Zovirax) Adynamic (paralytic) ileus, 1007 for encephalitis, 1421 in spinal cord injury, 1512–1513 for genital herpes, 1307, 1308t postoperative, 847 for postherpetic neuralgia prevention, 432b Afinitor (everolimus), for cancer, 269t–270t Adalat CC (nifedipine), for hypertension, 724t–727t African Americans. See also Race/ethnicity. Adalimumab (Humira) cancer in, 241, 242b for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002–1003, 1022t culture-bound syndromes of, 29t for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605–1607, 1613–1614 drug therapy in, 29t Adaptive grief, 143 heart failure in, 775b, 785 Adaptive support ventilation, 1663 keloids in, 179f, 179t Addiction, 153t. See also Substance abuse. multiple sclerosis in, 1464 definition of, 133, 153t prostate cancer in, 1360 to opioids, 133 sickle cell disease in, 641t, 647–649 withdrawal in, 154t, 162 skin assessment in, 185t, 419t, 420–421 Addictive behaviors, 152, 153t skin disorders in, 420–422, 422f Addisonian crisis, 1252 stroke in, 1426b, 1425 Addison’s disease, 1248t, 1251–1252, 1252t Afterload, 693, 1642, 1643t preoperative management of, 320 Ageism, 21, 60 Adduction, 1538t Age-related macular degeneration, 396–397 Adefovir (Hepsera), for hepatitis, 1038–1039, 1038b Amsler grid test for, 374t A-delta fibers, 115–116 Aggrastat (tirofiban), for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 749t Adenohypophysis, 1175. See also Pituitary gland. Aggression, in Alzheimer’s disease, 1491–1494 Adenomas, pituitary, 1412t Aging. See also Older adults. Adenosine (Adenocard) biologic, 61 for dysrhythmias, 809t gender differences in, 61–62, 62b for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 803, 803b Agitation Adenosine triphosphate, in muscle contraction, 1534 delirium and, 1496–1497 Adherence, ethical aspects of, 834b in respiratory failure, 1708–1710s Adhesions, 179t Agnosia Adipex-P (phentermine), abuse of, 154t, 160 after stroke, 1430 Adipokines, 1192 in Alzheimer’s disease, 1489 Adjustable gastric banding, 931t, 932, 932f AIDS, 226. See also Human immunodeficiency virus infection. Admission, same-day, 315 Air embolism Admission observation, and discharge (AOD) area, 331 in pulmonary artery catheterization, 1651, 1651b Adrenal androgens, 1177. See also Androgen(s). pulmonary embolism and, 553 Adrenal cortex, 1177 Air pollution disorders of, 1247 asthma and, 563 hypofunction of, 1251–1252 COPD and, 585 Adrenal glands, 1177 Airborne infection isolation, 532 disorders of Airborne precautions, 222 cortical, 1247 Airway burns, 446–448, 451, 452t, 455, 455t medullary, 1255 management of, 455–457 in fluid balance, 286–288, 287f Airway clearance techniques. See also Suctioning. in older adults, 1178t for bronchiectasis, 611 structures and functions of, 1200f, 1174, 1177f for COPD, 598–599 Adrenal hormones, 1172t, 1177 for cystic fibrosis, 608–609 measurement of, 1184t–1187t, 1187 for respiratory failure, 1706–1708 Adrenal medulla, 1177 Airway management disorders of, 1255 emergency, 1719–1722 Adrenalectomy for facial fractures, 1570 for Cushing syndrome, 1250–1251 for intermaxillary fixation, 1571 for hyperaldosteronism, 1255 in anesthesia, 338–339 for pheochromocytoma, 1255 in burn injury, 453, 455–457 Adrenalin. See also Epinephrine (Adrenalin). 3 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

in head and neck cancer, 514–516 Allegra (fexofenadine), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t in stroke, 1438 Allen test, 1644 tracheostomy in, 503–504. See also Tracheostomy. Allergens Airway obstruction, 503 avoidance of, 496t, 581–583 postoperative, 346, 348t, 349f in asthma, 562–564, 568–569 tracheostomy for, 503–504. See also Tracheostomy. Allergic conjunctivitis, 388 Airway pressure release ventilation, 1662–1663, 1663t Allergic contact dermatitis, 425, 433–434, 435t Airway stents, for lung cancer, 540 Allergic disorders/reactions, 204–207. See also Hypersensitivity Airways, artificial, 1654–1656. See also Endotracheal intubation. reactions. nursing management of, 1656–1658 allergen recognition and control in, 206 Akarpine (pilocarpine), for glaucoma, 399t–400t anaphylaxis in. See Anaphylactic shock; Anaphylaxis. AK-Homatropine (homatropine hydrobromide), for pupillary dilation, assessment in, 204, 205t 392t chronic, 206 AK-Pentolate (cyclopentolate), for pupillary dilation, 392t collaborative care for, 205–207 Alair Bronchial Thermoplasty system, 571 diagnosis of, 205 Alanine aminotransferase, 896t drug therapy for, 206–207 Albumin, 307 drug-related, preoperative assessment for, 318 transfusion of, 681t food allergies, 208 Albuterol hygiene hypothesis for, 563 for asthma, 570–572, 573t–574t, 575 immunotherapy for, 207 for COPD, 591–592 multiple chemical sensitivities, 208 Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), 164, 163t, 167 ocular, 371t Alcohol use/abuse, 154t, 157–159. See also Substance abuse. patch testing for, 422, 423f, 423t, 434 acute pancreatitis and, 1062 preoperative assessment for, 319 blood alcohol concentration and, 157, 159t skin testing for, 205, 422, 423f, 423t by college students, 1046b to insulin, 1199 by surgical patients, 314–315 to latex, 207–208, 208t, 343 cirrhosis and, 1044, 1045f preoperative assessment for, 319 collaborative care for, 159 to local anesthetics, 340 dependency in, 159 transfusion-related, 682, 683t drug interactions and, 159 Allergic rhinitis, 201, 495, 496t–497t effects and complications of, 153–155, 159t asthma and, 500b, 564 gastritis and, 962 sinusitis and, 500 in diabetes mellitus, 1202t, 1203 Allodynia, 117 in Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 674 Allografts. See Graft(s). in hypertension, 721 Allopurinol (Alloprim, Zyloprim), for gout, 1621 in older adults, 166–168 Allow natural death orders, 145 intoxication in, 159–160 Aloe, 85t Korsakoff’s psychosis and, 159–160 Alopecia, 421t nursing management of, 159 age-related, 416 stroke and, 1425–1426 in cancer, 262t–263t, 266 surgery and, 165, 165t in systemic lupus erythematosus, 1622 Wernicke’s encephalopathy and, 157–160 traction, 420–421, 422f withdrawal in, 160, 160t Alosetron (Lotronex), for irritable bowel syndrome, 994, 994b postoperative, 353 Alpha hydroxy acids, 441t Aldactone. See Spironolactone (Aldactone). Alpha1-adrenergic receptors, in vascular regulation, 693 Aldara (imiquimod), 439–440 Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, 585–586, 586b for human papillomavirus, 1308 Alpha2-adrenergic agonists, for pain, 126t, 127 Aldesleukin (interleukin-2), for cancer, 269t–270t Alpha-adrenergic blockers Aldolase, in muscle disorders, 1540t–1542t for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 1348for glaucoma, 399t–400t Aldomet (methyldopa), for hypertension, 724t–727t for hypertension, 724t–727t, 727 Aldosterone, 1177 for pheochromocytoma, 1255 excess of, 291–292, 1254 Alpha-fetoprotein, 248, 896t in fluid and electrolyte balance, 287–288, 287f, 1078, 1079f in liver cancer, 1058–1059 measurement of, 1184t–1187t Alphagan (brimonidine), for glaucoma, 399t–400t Aldosterone antagonists, for heart failure, 784 Alport syndrome, 1115–1116 Aldosterone receptor blockers, for hypertension, 724t–727t, 727 Alprazolam (Xanax), abuse of, 154t, 161 Alemtuzumab (Campath), for cancer, 269t–270t Altace (ramipril), for hypertension, 724t–727t Alendronate (Fosamax), for osteoporosis, 1596 Alteplase (Activase) Aleve (Naproxen), 123t for acute coronary syndrome, 737, 752t Alginate dressings, 181t for angina, 752t Aliskiren (Tekturna), for hypertension, 724t–727t for pulmonary embolism, 555–556 Alkali ingestion, 1731t Alupent (metaproterenol), for respiratory failure, 1709 Alkaline phosphatase, 896t Alveolar ducts, 471, 472f in musculoskeletal assessment, 1540t–1542t Alveolar hyperventilation. See also Hyperventilation. Alkalosis, 300. See also Acid-base imbalances. ventilator-associated, 1665 Alkylating agents, 255t–256t 4 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Alveolar hypoventilation. See also Hypoventilation. Ambulatory electrocardiography, 703t–707t, 708, 801 in respiratory failure, 1702 Ambulatory monitoring ventilator-associated, 1665 of blood pressure, 720 Alveolar macrophages, 476 of heart rate, 692, 703t–707t, 708, 800–801 Alveolar sacs, 471, 472f Ambulatory phlebectomy, 868 Alveolar-capillary membrane, 471, 472f Ambulatory surgery, 314–324, 315, 323 Alveoli, 471, 472f discharge from, 358–360, 359t collapsed. See Atelectasis. patient teaching for, 327, 323t surfactant and, 472 postoperative care in, 359–360, 359t Alveolitis, extrinsic allergic, 535, 535t preoperative care in. See Preoperative care. Alvesco (ciclesonide), for asthma, 571, 573t–574t Amebic dysentery, 983t Alzheimer’s disease, 1485–1490 Amenorrhea, 1264, 1268, 1318, 1320–1321, 1320t acute intervention in, 1490 primary, 1320 ambulatory and home care for, 1491–1495 secondary, 1320 amyloid plaque in, 1486, 1487f American Diabetes Association (ADA), 1212–1213 assessment in, 1490, 1491t American Holistic Nurses Association (AHNA), 82 behavioral problems in, 1491–1494 American Nurses Association (ANA) caregiver support in, 1494s nursing definition of, 2–3 case study of, 1499b nursing practice domain and, 2 clinical manifestations of, 1484t, 1488, 1488t nursing terminologies and, 9, 9t. See also Standardized nursing collaborative care in, 1489, 1489t terminologies. complementary and alternative therapies for, 1489, 1490b American Spinal Association Impairment Scale, 1510, 1512f delegation in, 1497b American Urological Association symptom index, 1346–1347, 1348t diagnosis of, 1489, 1489f, 1489t Amicar (epsilon-aminocaproic acid), for hemophilia, 656, 660t drug therapy for, 1489, 1490t Amidate (etomidate), in general anesthesia, 340t early warning signs of, 1488t Amifostine, 265 eating/swallowing problems in, 1494 Amiloride (Midamor) epidemiology of, 1485–1587 for cirrhosis, 1053t etiology of, 1485–1488 for hypertension, 724t–727t familial, 1485 γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), 1374t family/caregiver teaching for, 1488t, 1496t Aminoglutethimide (Cytadren), for breast cancer, 1289t, 1290 gender differences in, 1486b Aminophylline, for asthma, 573t–574t, 572 genetic factors in, 1486b, 1486 5-Aminosalicylates, for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002t health promotion for, 1490 Amiodarone (Cordarone), for dysrhythmias, 809t home care for, 1491–1495 Amish, health beliefs and practices of, 26t implementation in, 1491–1495 Amitiza. See Lubiprostone (Amitiza). memory loss in, 1488 Amitriptyline (Elavil), for interstitial cystitis, 1102–1103 vs. normal forgetfulness, 1485t Amlodipine (Norvasc) neurofibrillary tangles in, 1484t, 1486, 1487f for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 724t–727t nursing care plan for, 1492b–1493b for hypertension, 724t–727t nursing diagnoses for, 1490 Ammonia, 896t nursing management of, 1490–1495 Amobarbital (Amytal), abuse of, 154t, 161 nutritional therapy in, 1494 Amoxicillin, for H. pylori infection, 963t oral care in, 1494 Amphetamines, abuse of, 153t–154t, 160, 161t pain management in, 1494 Amphiarthrotic joints, 1532f pathophysiology of, 1482, 1485–1488, 1487f–1488f Amphotericin B (Fungizone), for infective endocarditis, 822t planning in, 1490 Ampicillin, for infective endocarditis, 822t pneumonia in, 1495 Amputation, 1571–1572, 1572f–1574f safety concerns in, 1494 ambulatory and home care for, 1574 sexual dysfunction in, 1495 bandaging for, 1573–1574, 1574f skin care in, 1495 collaborative care for, 1572, 1572t support groups for, 1495 diagnostic studies for, 1572, 1572t tau proteins in, 1486, 1487f for peripheral arterial disease, 854 urinary tract infections in, 1495 guillotine, 1572 vs. mild cognitive impairment, 1485t in older adults, 1575 Amantadine (Symmetrel), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472 indications for, 1571 Amaryl (glimepiride), for diabetes mellitus, 1200, 1200t lower extremity, in diabetes mellitus, 1221 Amaurosis fugax, 1427 nursing management of, 1572–1575 Ambien (zolpidem), for insomnia, 104 patient teaching for, 1574t Ambrisentan (Letairis), for pulmonary hypertension, 557 phantom limb sensation and, 1573 Ambu bag, 1655 postoperative care in, 1573 Ambulation preoperative care in, 1573 after amputation, 1574 prostheses for, 1573–1574, 1573f assistive devices for, 1563 residual limb (stump) in, 1572 fractures and, 1563 sites and types of, 1572f postoperative, 352 Syme, 1572 Ambulatory care, 75, 75t. See also specific disorders. upper limb, 1573f, 1574 5 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Ampyra (famipridine), for multiple sclerosis, 1467 laboratory findings in, 641t Amsler grid test, 374t hypoxia and, 635 Amylase, serum, 891t–894t implementation in, 637 in acute pancreatitis, 1062, 1063t in cancer, 262t–263t, 263 Amylin, 1172t in chronic kidney disease, 1143, 1148 Amyloid plaque, 1486, 1487f in inflammatory bowel disease, 1004 Amyloid precursor protein, 1486 in older adults, 639 Amyloidosis, renal involvement in, 1116 in thalassemia, 642 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 1478–1479 iron-deficiency, 640–641, 641t, 1004 pulmonary complications of, 551t in inflammatory bowel disease, 1004 Amytal (amobarbital), abuse of, 154t, 161 laboratory findings in, 641t Anabolic hormones, 1178 macrocytic, normochromic, 636t Anakinra (Kineret), for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1613–1614 megaloblastic, 643, 643t Anal fissures, 890t, 1028 microcytic, hypochromic, 636t Anal fistulas, 1028, 1028f morphology of, 636, 636t Analgesic ceiling, 122 normocytic, normochromic, 636t Analgesic titration, 128 nursing care plan for, 1492b–1493b Analgesics. See also Pain management. nursing diagnoses for, 637 adjuvant, 126t, 127–128 nursing management of, 637 antidepressants as, 117, 119, 126t, 127 of chronic disease, 641t, 644–645 antiseizure drugs as, 119, 126t, 127 pernicious, 641t, 643–644, 963 cannabinoids as, 127–128 postgastrectomy, 975 for substance abusers, 136–137 planning in, 637 in patient-controlled analgesia, 130 severity of, 636, 637t intraspinal, 129–130, 129f sickle cell, 641t, 647–649. See also Sickle cell disease. mechanism of action of, 117 skin changes in, 636, 637t muscle relaxants as, 126t, 127 vitamin B12 deficiency and, 643–644 nonopioid, 117, 122–123 Anergy, 200 NSAIDs as, 116. See also Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs Anesthesia, 337. See also Pain management; Postoperative care. (NSAIDs). agents for, 126t, 127 opioid, 117, 120, 123–127. See also Opioids. anaphylaxis and, 343 opioid-sparing effect of, 122 classification of, 338–342, 338t side effects of, 122, 122t delayed emergence from, 353 topical, 129 dissociative, 339, 340t Anaphylactic shock, 1677. See also Shock. emergence delirium and, 352–353 clinical manifestations of, 1676t in older adults, 360 collaborative care for, 1689t, 1690 fear of, 316 hemodynamic parameters in, 1674t general, 338–339, 338t precipitating factors in, 1673t adjuncts to, 339, 341t Anaphylaxis, 201–203, 202f, 202t, 222, 223t airway management in, 338–339 in surgical patients, 343 balanced technique in, 338 transfusion-related, 682, 683t inhalation agents in, 338–339, 340t Anasarca, in nephrotic syndrome, 1107 intravenous agents in, 338, 340t Anastrozole (Arimidex), for breast cancer, 1289t, 1290 phases of, 339t Anatacids, for peptic ulcers, 969–972 in older adults, 342, 360 Anatomic dead space, 471 local, 126t, 127, 338t, 339–342 Andragogy, 46 administration of, 341–342 Androgen(s), 1172t, 1177, 1247, 1261–1262, 1262f. See also allergic reactions in, 343 Corticosteroids. malignant hyperthermia and, 343 age-related decrease in, 1368, 1369t monitored anesthesia care and, 337, 338t Androgen deprivation therapy, for prostate cancer, 1358–1360, 1359t nurse’s role in, 332–334, 336, 339t Android obesity, 922–923, 923f, 923t physical status classification for, 320, 321t, 337 Andropause, 1368–1369, 1369t preoperative fasting and, 323, 324t, 325b Anemia, 635–637 recovery from, 345–347 aplastic, 645, 645t regional, 130, 338t, 339–342 assessment in, 637, 638t administration of, 341–342 cardiopulmonary symptoms in, 636–637, 637t ultrasonic-guided, 343 classification of, 635, 636t–637t spinal, 342, 342f clinical manifestations of, 636, 637t total intravenous, 338 decreased erythropoiesis and, 637t, 639–640 Anesthesia care provider, 333, 339t definition of, 635 Anesthesiologist, 333, 339t etiology of, 636f, 636t–637t Anesthesiology, 333 folic acid deficiency and, 644 Aneurysms from blood loss, 641t, 646, 646t aortic, 844–847 hemolytic, 641t, 647, 647f cerebral acquired, 650 clipping of, 1435, 1435f in sickle cell disease, 647–649 rupture of, 1428, 1429b 6 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

classification of, 845, 845f in fluid and electrolyte balance, 287f, 287, 1079 definition of, 844 in heart failure, 776 false, 845, 845f Angiotensin II receptor blockers fusiform, 845, 845f for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t rupture of, in stroke, 1435–1437 for heart failure, 782t, 784 saccular, 845, 845f for hypertension, 724t–727t, 724 true, 845, 845fventricular, 757 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Anger, in dying patient, 147 for acute coronary syndrome, 752t, 761 Angina for angina, 750t, 751 assessment of, 748t for heart failure, 780, 782t, 783 chronic stable, 748–750, 750t. See also Angina. for hypertension, 724t–727t, 724 acute intervention in, 738 mechanism of action of, 783–784 ambulatory and home care for, 762 nephrotoxicity of, 1141 collaborative care for, 750–754, 751f, 750t side effects of, 784 nursing management of, 761–770 Angle of Louis, 471, 471f, 699, 700f clinical manifestations of, 749, 749f Anicteric hepatitis, 1036 drug therapy for, 750–753, 751f Animal bites, 1730 ACE inhibitors for, 750t, 754 Anion gap, 306 antiplatelet agents for, 747 Anions, 282 aspirin for, 752t, 747 Anismus, 989 beta-adrenergic blockers for, 752t, 751–753 Anisocoria, 371t, 1387t calcium channel blockers for, 752t, 753 Ankle arthroplasty, 1577 lipid-lowering drugs for, 745–747, 746b, 747t Ankle-brachial index, 852 nitrates for, 752t, 750–751 Ankylosis, 1539t sodium current inhibitors for, 745t, 753 Annuloplasty, 834 microvascular, 749, 750t Anorectal abscess, 1028, 1028f nocturnal, 749 Anorectal disorders, 1026–1027 pain location in, 749, 749f Anorectal gonorrhea, 1301 precipitating factors for, 749t Anorexia Prinzmetal’s (variant), 749, 750t in cancer, 262t–263t, 265 unstable, 750t, 754, 754f. See also Acute coronary syndrome. in dying patient, 148t–150t collaborative care for, 751f, 750t, 758–761 nausea and, 940 diagnosis of, 757–758 Anorexia nervosa, 918 emergency management of, 758t Anosognosia, 1387t Angina decubitus, 749 Anovulatory cycles, 1263, 1320 Angioedema, 203 Antacids Angiogenesis, 181 drug interactions with, 969 collateral circulation and, 738 for GERD, 951 tumor, 246 for peptic ulcers, 968 Angiogenesis inhibitors, for cancer, 269t–270t, 270 for upper GI bleeding, 960t of breast, 1290 preparations of, 968t Angiography side effects of, 968t cerebral, 1386, 1388f, 1388t–1389t Antagon (ganirelix), for infertility, 1316t in stroke, 1430–1431 Antalgic gait, 1539t computed tomography, 703t–707t Antegrade pyelogram, 1086t–1090 in stroke, 1430 Anterior cerebral artery, 1378, 1379f coronary, 703t–707t, 710, 757 Anterior chamber, 365, 365f fluorescein, ocular, 374t Anterior colporrhaphy, 1341 intraarterial digital subtraction, in stroke, 1431 Anterior cord syndrome, 1510, 1512f magnetic resonance Anterior cruciate ligament injury, 1550, 1550f cerebral, 1086t–1090t Anthrax, in terrorism, 1732–1734, 1733t–1734t in stroke, 1430 Anthropometric measurements, 905 renal, 1086t–1091t Anti-A antibodies, 629 of aortic aneurysms, 846 Antiandrogen therapy, for prostate cancer, 1359–1360, 1359t peripheral, 703t–707t, 711 Anti-B antibodies, 629 pulmonary, 487t–488t, 555 Antibiotics renal, 1086t–1091t, 1088f antitumor, 255t–256t Angiomas, 419, 421t, 626t–627t for bacterial meningitis, 1417, 1419t spider, in cirrhosis, 1046 for burns, 459–460, 460b Angiomax (bivalirudin), for venous thromboembolism, 863t, 864 for chlamydial infections, 1305, 1305t Angiopathy, diabetic, 1218–1219 for gonorrhea, 1301–1303, 1302t Angioplasty, balloon, 753, 753f for H. pylori infection, 963t, 969 complications of, 754, 759 for infective endocarditis, 822–823, 822t emergent, 759 for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002, 1002t for peripheral arterial disease, 851b, 855 for neutropenia, 666 transluminal, 1432–1433, 1432f for osteomyelitis, 1583 Angiotensin for pelvic inflammatory disease, 1328 7 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

for peptic ulcers, 968 plasma osmolality and, 1176, 1176f for pneumonia, 525, 524t regulation of, 1176t for prostatitis, 1362 Antidiuretic hormone stimulation test, 1184t–1187t for septic shock, 1688 Anti-DNA antibodies, 1540t–1542t for sinusitis, 501 Antidysrhythmics, 810, 809t for syphilis, 1301t, 1304 prodysrhythmias and, 809 for urethritis, 1101 Antiembolism stockings, 862 for urinary tract infections, 1095–1097, 1097t, 1098 Antiemetics, 941–942, 942t patient teaching for, 221t in anesthesia, 341t preoperative, 325–327, 327t in chemotherapy, 262t–263t, 264 prophylactic Antiepileptics. See Antiseizure drugs. for infective endocarditis, 822, 821t, 821b Antiestrogens, for cancer, 255t–256t for rheumatic fever, 829 Anti-factor Xa, 864t resistance to, 220–221, 220t Antifibrinolytics, for hemophilia, 658 in pneumonia, 523, 525 Antifreeze (ethylene glycol) poisoning, 1731t sensitivity testing for, 1096 Antifungal agents topical, 180, 438–439 for neutropenia, 666–667 Antibodies (immunoglobulins), 197t, 200, 212 for pulmonary infections, 534 Anticholinergics Anti-GBM antibodies, 1103 for allergic rhinitis, 495, 496t–497t Antigens, 195 for asthma, 573t–574t, 572 CD, 195 for COPD, 591–594 human leukocyte, 211–212, 211f for Parkinson’s disease, 1471 major histocompatibility, 211–212 for peptic ulcers, 969 oncofetal, 248 Anticholinesterases, for myasthenia gravis, 1476–1477 tumor-associated, 250 Anticipatory grief, 143 Antihistamines, 439 Anticoagulants for allergic disorders, 206 bleeding due to, 886, 886b for allergic rhinitis, 495, 496t–497t complementary and alternative therapies and, 864b for insomnia, 104, 104t drug interactions with, 860t, 864 for Parkinson’s disease, 1471 for acute arterial ischemia, 858 for pruritus, 442 for atrial fibrillation, 804–805, 805t, 805b for sinusitis, 501 for burns, 459t, 460 Antihypertensives, 723–729, 724t–727t. See also Hypertension, drug for disseminated intravascular coagulation, 664 therapy for. for prosthetic valves, 818, 834, 836 for chronic kidney disease, 1147 for pulmonary embolism, 555 for peripheral arterial disease, 854 for stroke, 1431, 1433 for stroke, 1433–1434 for venous thromboembolism, 861–866, 862t, 866b Anti-IgE, for asthma, 573t–574t, 572 nursing interventions for, 866t Antiinflammatory drugs, 174, 174t. See also Corticosteroids; patient teaching for, 867t Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). preoperative management of, 317 Antimalarial drugs, for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1605t–1607t, Anticonvulsants. See Antiseizure drugs. 1624–1625 Antidepressants Antimetabolites, 255t–256t abuse of, 153t–154t, 160–161 Antinuclear antibodies, 1540t–1542t for Alzheimer’s disease, 1490 in systemic lupus erythematosus, 1624 for burns, 459, 459t Antiparkinsonian drugs, 1471, 1472t for chronic fatigue syndrome, 1634–1635 Antiplatelet drugs for diabetic neuropathy, 1220–1221 for coronary artery disease, 740t, 747–748 for insomnia, 105, 104t for peripheral arterial disease, 854 for interstitial cystitis, 1102–1103 for stroke, 1431, 1433 for menopausal symptoms, 1324 Antipruritics, for allergic disorders, 206–207 for narcolepsy, 106–107, 107t Antipsychotics for obesity, 930, 930b for Alzheimer’s disease, 1490 for pain, 116, 118, 126t, 127 for delirium, 1497 for peptic ulcers, 969 side effects of, 1497 for smoking cessation, 155–156, 156t, 155b Antipyretics, 174, 174t overdose of, 1780t Antireflux surgery, 951, 951f Antidiarrheals, 984, 984t Antiretroviral therapy, 228, 229t–230t, 234 for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002t adherence to, 235, 235t for short bowel syndrome, 1026 initiation of, 234–235 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), 1078, 1172t, 1175–1176 patient teaching for, 234t–235t functions of, 1176 side effects of, 236–237, 236f in diabetes insipidus, 287, 1231–1232 Antiseizure drugs, 1459–1460, 1459t in fluid balance, 286–287 compliance with, 1460 in hypernatremia, 291 for diabetic neuropathy, 1220–1221 inappropriate secretion of. See Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic for migraine prevention, 1453 hormone. for pain, 119, 126t, 127 8 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

for seizures, 1459–1460, 1459t aphthous, 945t in older adults, 1460–1461 HIV-related, 225, 226f, 227t for trigeminal neuralgia, 1501–1502 in cancer, 262t–263t, 265, 512 side effects of, 1459 Apical pulse, 699t–700t, 701 withdrawal of, 1460b Apidra (glulisine), 1196 Antisepsis, surgical hand, 335–336 Aplastic anemia, 641t, 645, 645t Antitachycardia pacing, 812 Apnea, obstructive sleep, 108, 108f, 109b Antithrombin, 630t Apneustic breathing, 1400f Antithymocyte globulin, for aplastic anemia, 645 Apocrine sweat glands, 414f, 415 Antithyroid drugs, for hyperthyroidism, 1236 Apolipoproteins, 703t–707t, 708 Antitumor antibiotics, 255t–256t Apomorphine (Apokyn), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472 Anti–tumor necrosis factor, for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002– Apoptosis, 670 1003, 1002t in spinal cord injury, 1508–1509 Antiviral drugs Appendectomy, 884t, 997 for encephalitis, 1419 Appendicitis, 991f, 996 for genital herpes, 1307–1308, 1308t Appendix, 880, 881f for influenza, 499 Appetite, 877 Antiviral protein, 198, 199f in diabetes mellitus, 1191–1192 Antrectomy, 884t loss of. See Anorexia. Antrum, 878f, 879 regulation of, 924–925, 924t Anuria, 1085t Appetite suppressants, 930 Anus, 880, 881f Apple- vs. pear-shaped body, 922, 923f, 923t abscess of, 1028, 1028f Approach magnification, 385 assessment of, 626t–627t Apraclonidine (lopidine), for glaucoma, 399t–400t disorders of, 1027–1028 Apraxia, 1387t examination of, 889, 1269 after stroke, 1430 fissures of, 890t, 1028 in Alzheimer’s disease, 1489 fistulas of, 1028, 1028f Aprepitant (Emend), for nausea and vomiting, 942 gonococcal infection of, 1302 Apresoline. See Hydralazine (Apresoline). in older adults, 882–883, 883t Aquatab (benzthiazide), for hypertension, 724t–727t Anxiety Aqueous humor, 366 complementary and alternative therapies for, 97b Arachnoid layer, 1379 in acute coronary syndrome, 765, 766t Arachnoid villi, 1377 in COPD, 590 Aranesp (darbepoetin α), for cancer, 271–272, 271t in critical care, 1639 Arava (leflunomide), for arthritis/connective tissue disease, 1605t–1607t in dying patient, 146 Arcus senilis, 367t, 368f in respiratory failure, 1708–1710 ARDS. See Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). preoperative, 316 Aredia (pamidronate), 297 Anxiolytics, for insomnia, 102–105 for multiple myeloma, 679 Anzemet (dolasetron), for nausea and vomiting, 941 for osteoporosis, 1596 AOD area, 331 for Paget’s disease, 1597–1598 Aorta, 691, 691f Areola, 1261 Aortic aneurysms, 844–847 Arfonad (trimethaphan), for hypertension, 724t–727t abdominal, 844–845, 845f–847f Arformoterol (Brovana), for asthma, 573t–574t, 572 classification of, 845, 845f Argatroban (Acova), for venous thromboembolism, 863t, 864 collaborative care for, 846–847 Arginine vasopressin. See Antidiuretic hormone. complications of, 845–846 Arginine-GHRH test, 1184t–1187t diagnosis of, 846 Argon laser trabeculoplasty, 399–400 etiology of, 844–845 Aricept (donepezil), for Alzheimer’s disease, 1489 nursing management of, 847–849 Aromasin (exemestane), for breast cancer, 1289t, 1290 pathophysiology of, 844–845 Aromatase inhibitors surgery for, 846–847 for breast cancer, 1289t, 1290 thoracic, 844–845 for cancer, 255t–256t Aortic dissection, 849–850, 849f, 850t Arrhythmias. See Dysrhythmias. Aortic valve, 690, 691f Arsenic trioxide (Trisenox), for leukemia, 671 Aortic valve regurgitation, 831t, 832–833. See also Valvular heart Arterial blood gas analysis, 474, 474t, 487t–488t disease. in acid-base imbalances, 303–304, 304t Aortic valve stenosis, 831t, 832. See also Valvular heart disease. normal values for, 474t Aphakia, 383 Arterial blood pressure, 694. See also Blood pressure. Aphasia, 1387t, 1430t, 1443t Arterial bruits, 698–699, 699t–700t after stroke, 1430, 1442, 1443t, 1447 abdominal, 890t, 1084 Broca’s, 1430t Arterial embolism, 857–858 communication in, 1443t, 1443 Arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation, 1643t global, 1430t Arterial ischemia, acute, 857–858 Wernicke’s, 1430t Arterial thrombosis, 857–858 Apheresis, for autoimmune disorders, 209–210 coronary artery, 755 Aphthous stomatitis, 890t, 945t Arterial ulcers, 851, 853 9 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

prevention of, 857, 857t with tracheostomy, 507 Arteries, 693, 693f. See also Circulation; specific arteries. transthoracic needle, 489, 490f neural control of, 693 Aspiration biopsy. See Biopsy. Arteriography. See Angiography. Aspiration pneumonia, 522 Arterioles, 693, 693f in stroke, 1438 Arteriovenous fistulas, in hemodialysis, 1155, 1155f–1156f prevention of, 525 Arteriovenous grafts, in hemodialysis, 1155, 1155f Aspirin, 122, 123t Arteriovenous malformations, rupture of, stroke and, 1435–1437 asthma and, 563 Arteritis, temporal, 402t for coronary artery disease, 740t, 747–748 Arthralgia, in infective endocarditis, 822 for inflammation, 173, 174t Arthritis, 1601 for peripheral arterial disease, 854 gouty, 1620–1621 for stroke, 1431, 1433 in older adults, 1618 for venous thromboembolism, 862–863 in rheumatic fever, 828 gastritis and, 962–963 lupus-related, 1622 gastrointestinal bleeding and, 958 osteoarthritis, 1601–1608. See also Osteoarthritis. peptic ulcers and, 965, 967–969 psoriatic, 1619 Assessment, 10–11, 10f, 34 race/ethnicity in, 1610b caregiver, 78, 79t reactive, 1619 clinical application of, 42–43, 43t rheumatoid, 1609–1614. See also Rheumatoid arthritis. comprehensive, 42, 43t septic, 1619–1620 cultural, 24, 29–32, 30t total joint arthroplasty for, 1575–1577. See also Arthroplasty. data collection in, 11, 34–36 Arthrocentesis, 1540t–1542t, 1543 objective data in, 35, 39–42. See also Physical examination. Arthrodesis, 1577 subjective data in, 36–39. See also Health history. Arthroplasty, 1575–1577 definition of, 34 ankle, 1576 delegation for, 43b elbow, 1576 emergency, 42, 43t, 1724–1725 finger joint, 1576 focused, 42, 43t hip, 1576, 1576f gaining experience in, 43 knee, 1575–1576 in culturally competent care, 36 shoulder, 1577 in patient/caregiver teaching, 48–50 Arthroscopy, 1540–1543, 1540t–1542t nurse’s self-assessment, 28–29 Artificial airways, 1654–1656. See also Endotracheal intubation. nutritional, for older adults, 63, 63t nursing management of, 1656–1660 of family caregivers, 78, 79t Artificial larynx, 517, 516f pain, 119–121, 119t, 121t Artificial skin, 463–464 in nonverbal patients, 136, 136t Arxitra (fondaparinux), for venous thromboembolism, 863t, 864 problem identification in, 44, 44f Arzerra (ofatumumab), for cancer, 269t–270t sleep, 104–105, 106t Asbestos, lung cancer and, 535 spiritual, 143t Asbestosis, 535, 535t terminology for, 34 Ascending tracts, 1374 types of, 42–44 Aschoff’s bodies, 828 Assignment, 14 Ascites, 890t, 1048, 1047f–1048f, 1048t Assimilation, 22 abdominal measurement in, 1054–1056 Assist-control ventilation, 1661, 1662t in cirrhosis, 1048, 1047f, 1048t, 1049, 1084f Assisted coughing, 1519, 1707–1708, 1708f management of, 1050 Assisted listening devices, 410 peritoneovenous shunt for, 1050 Assisted reproductive technology, 1315–1316 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and, 1048 Assisted suicide, 135 Aseptic technique, surgical, 336, 336t Assistive devices Asians. See also Race/ethnicity. for eating, 1444, 1445f culture-bound syndromes of, 29t for older adults, 68 drug therapy in, 29t Astelin (azelastine), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Asmanex (mometasone) Astereognosis, 1387t for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Asterixis for asthma, 573t–574t in acute kidney injury, 1138 Aspart (NovoLog), 1196 in cirrhosis, 1049 Aspartate, 1374t Asthma, 562–578 Aspartate aminotransferase, 896t action plan for, 581–582, 580t, 583t Aspercreme (trolamine salicylate), 129 acute intervention in, 581 Aspergillosis, 534, 533t air pollution and, 563–564 Aspiration allergens in, 563, 568 joint, 1543. See also Synovial fluid analysis. allergic response in, 201–202 pulmonary allergic rhinitis and, 500b, 564 in endotracheal intubation, 1659 ambulatory and home care for, 581–584 in enteral nutrition, 911 aspirin and, 564 postoperative, 348t, 347 assessment in, 578, 578t prevention of, 525 breath sounds in, 566, 567b 10 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

chest examination in, 486t Asymmetric septal hypertrophy, 839 classification of, 566, 567t Asymptomatic bacteriuria, 1094 clinical manifestations of, 565–566, 568t Asystole, 803, 809 collaborative care for, 568t, 569–571 Ataque de nervios, 29t complications of, 566–567 Ataxia, 1387t cough-variant, 566 Ataxic breathing, 1400f diagnosis of, 567–569, 568t Ataxic gait, 1539t drug therapy for, 569f, 571–578, 573t–574t Atelectasis, 472f, 473, 552t, 553 adherence with, 577 absorption, 595 corticosteroids in, 571–572 chest examination in, 484t for acute exacerbations, 570 dialysis-related, 1155 for intermittent/persistent asthma, 569–570 in ARDS, 1712 for long-term control vs. quick relief, 571t postoperative, 348t, 349f, 354 for severe/life-threatening exacerbations, 570–571 Atenolol (Tenormin) inhalation devices for, 575, 576f, 575–577, 576f–577f for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t leukotriene modifiers in, 572 for dysrhythmias, 809 nonprescription drugs for, 578, 578t for hypertension, 724t–727t patient teaching for, 577–578, 583t Atgam (lymphocyte immune globulin), for transplantation, 214t, 215 drug-related, 564 Atherectomy, for peripheral arterial disease, 854 early-phase response in, 564 Atherosclerosis evaluation in, 584 acute arterial ischemia in, 857–858 exacerbations of, 566, 567t aortic aneurysms in, 845 acute, 570 coronary artery disease and, 737. See also Coronary artery disease. severe/life-threatening, 566, 567t–568t hypertension and, 719 exercise-induced, 563 in cerebral arteries, 1426f food additives and, 564 lesion locations in, 844f gastroesophageal reflux disease and, 564 peripheral artery disease in, 843, 844f gender differences in, 563b stroke and, 1426, 1426f genetic aspects of, 563 Athetosis, 1384 health care disparities and, 563b antipsychotic-induced, 1498 health promotion for, 580–581 Athlete’s foot, 433, 433t hygiene hypothesis for, 563 Athletic injuries, 1545t immune response in, 563 Atonia, 1387t implementation in, 580–584 Atonic seizures, 1457 in older adults, 584 Atopic dermatitis, 203, 203f, 435t late-phase response in, 564 Atopic reactions, 201–203 level of control in, 569, 570t asthma and, 568–569 nasal polyps and, 564 Atorvastatin (Lipitor), 747t nursing care plan for, 579b Atrial fibrillation, 802t, 804, 804f, 805t, 805b nursing diagnoses for, 580 Atrial flutter, 802t, 804, 804f nursing management of, 578–584 Atrial gallop, 701 occupational, 564 Atrial natriuretic peptide, 287, 702, 703t–707t, 1078 pathophysiology of, 564–565, 565f–566f in heart failure, 777, 780 patient teaching for, 581, 581t–583t Atrial septoplasty, for pulmonary hypertension, 557 planning in, 580 Atrioventricular block psychologic factors in, 564 first-degree, 802t, 806, 806f quality of life in, 569, 570t second-degree race/ethnicity and, 563b type I (Mobitz I), 802t, 806 respiratory infections and, 564 type II (Mobitz II), 802t, 806, 806f risk factors for, 563–564 third-degree (complete), 802t, 807 severity of, 566–567, 567t Atrioventricular node, 691, 691f silent chest in, 566, 567b Atrophy sinusitis and, 501, 564 muscle, 1533, 1539t treatment of, 569–571, 569f skin, 419t for acute exacerbations, 570 Atropine (Atropisol, Atropair, Bufopto, Atropine-1, Isopto Atropine, for intermittent/persistent asthma, 568t, 569f, 569–570 Ocu-Tropine), for pupillary dilation, 413t for severe/life-threatening exacerbations, 568t, 570–571 Atrovent (ipratropium bromide). See Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent). stepwise approach in, 569–571, 569f Atypical mycobacterial infections, 533–534 triggers of, 563–564, 563t Atypical nevi, 428t, 429f, 429–430 vs. COPD, 568t Audiometry, 380t, 381 Asthma Control Test, 569Asthma triad, 564 AUDIT questionnaire, 163, 163t, 166 Astigmatism, 366, 382–383 Auditory brainstem response, 380t correction of Auditory evoked potentials, 380t nonsurgical, 383, 384t Auditory problems. See also Hearing loss. surgical, 383 cultural factors in, 383b Astrocytes, 1373 Auditory system. See also Ear; Hearing. Astrocytomas, 1410. See also Brain tumors. 11 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

assessment of, 375–379 in breast cancer, 1284, 1286 audiometry in, 380t, 381 Axons, 1372, 1373f diagnostic studies in, 379–381 Axulfidine (sulfasalazine), for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1613 focused, 378, 378b Ayurveda, 83t functional health patterns in, 376–378 Azacitidine (Vidaza), for myelodysplastic syndrome, 668–669 health history in, 376, 377t Azatadine (Optimine), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t hearing tests in, 379–381, 380t Azathioprine (Imuran) medication history in, 376 for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002, 1002t physical examination in, 378–379, 378t, 378b for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1605t–1607t, 1624 in older adults, 375 Azelastine (Astelin), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t structures and functions of, 373–375, 375f Azilect (rasagiline), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472 Augmented coughing, 1519, 1707–1708, 1708f Azithromycin (Zithromax) Aura, in migraine, 1451 for chlamydial infections, 1305, 1305t, 1326t Auricle, 374, 375f for gonorrhea, 1301–1303, 1302t, 1303b Auscultation, 35–36, 39, 40f Azopt (brinzolamide), for glaucoma, 399t–400t in blood pressure measurement, 694 Azotemia, 1135 of abdomen, 887, 1084 Azulfidine (sulfasalazine) of arteries, 698–699 for inflammatory bowel disease, 1001–1003, 1002t, 1001b, 1004 of bowel sounds, 878 for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1613 of chest in cardiovascular assessment, 698–699, 700f, 701 B in respiratory assessment, 482–483, 483f, 484t–485t B blood type, 629–630, 630t Auscultatory gap, 733 B cell(s), 195–197, 196f, 199, 619 See also Lymphocyte(s). Austin-Flint murmur, 832 in cancer, 247, 248f Autografts. See Graft(s). B cell lymphoma, 676, 676f, 677 Autoimmune disorders, 209–210, 650 Babinski’s sign, 1387t apheresis for, 209–210 Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine plasmapheresis for, 209–210 for cancer, 269t–270t Autoimmune gastritis, 963 of bladder, 1118 Autoimmunity, 208–210 for interstitial cystitis, 1102 Automated peritoneal dialysis, 1154–1155, 1154f for tuberculosis, 532 Automatic external defibrillator, 810 Back pain, 1587, 1590b Automatic tube compensation, 1664 cervical, 1591–1592, 1592t Automaticity, 799 dialysis-related, 1155 Automatisms, 1458 low, 1587, 1590b Autonomic dysreflexia, 1552t acute, 1587 in spinal cord injury, 1521 assessment in, 1587–1589, 1588t Autonomic nervous system (ANS), 1377. See also Nervous system. chronic, 1589 cardiovascular system and, 693 collaborative care for, 1587 in older adults, 1381t complementary and alternative therapies for, 1590b Autonomic neuropathy, diabetic, 1220–1221 dialysis-related, 1155 Auto-PEEP, 1663 in intervertebral disk disease, 1589–1590. See also Intervertebral Autosomes, 190 disk disease. Autosplenectomy, 648 nursing management for, 1587–1589 Autotransfusion, 685–687 patient teaching for, 1588–1589, 1588t Avandamet (rosiglitazone-metformin), 1558 prevention of, 1588, 1590b Avandaryl (rosiglitazone-glimepiride), 1200t Baclofen (Lioresal), for pain, 126t, 127 Avandia (rosiglitazone), for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 Bacteria Avapro (irbesartan), for hypertension, 725t–727t antibiotic-resistant, 220–221, 221t Avascular necrosis, 1547 in pneumonia, 523, 525 Avastatin (bevacizumab) β-lactamase, 220 for cancer, 269t–270t, 270 Bacterial arthritis, 1619 of brain, 1412 Bacterial infections, 217, 218t of breast, 1290 Bacterial meningitis, 1396t, 1416, 1417, 1418t for macular degeneration, 396 nursing care plan for, 1417b–1420b Aventyl. See Nortriptyline (Aventyl). Bacterial vaginosis, 1326–1328, 1326t Avian influenza, 218, 498 Bacteriuria, asymptomatic, 1094 Avinza. See Morphine. Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), for urinary tract infections, Avodart (dutasteride), for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 1349, 1349b 1096–1097 Avonex (interferon-β-1a), for multiple sclerosis, 1466–1467 Bag-valve-mask, 1655 AVPU mnemonic, 1721 Balance, assessment of, 1384 Avulsion fractures, 1545 Ball and socket joints, 1533f Axid (nizatidine), for upper GI bleeding, 960t Balloon angioplasty, 753, 753f Axillary lymph nodes, 1262, 1287f complications of, 751, 759 dissection of, 1284, 1286 emergent, 759 lymphedema and, 1286, 1287f, 1294 for peripheral arterial disease, 851b, 854 postoperative care and, 1291–1294 transluminal, 1432–1433, 1432f 12 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Balloon pump, intraaortic, 781, 783, 1653t Benazepril (Lotensin), for hypertension, 726t Balloon tamponade, for variceal bleeding, 1051, 1051f, 1054 Bence Jones protein, 632t, 678 Balloon thermotherapy, for menorrhagia, 1321, 1321f Bendroflumethiazide (Naturetin), for hypertension, 724t Balloon valvuloplasty, 833f, 834 Benemid (probenecid) Band ligation for gout, 1620 for bleeding varices, 1050 for syphilis, 1301t for hemorrhoids, 1027 Benicar (olmesartan), for hypertension, 727t Bandages. See also Dressings. Benign neoplasms, 244, 244t. See also Tumor(s). compression Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, 406 for amputation stump, 1573–1574, 1574f Benign prostatic hyperplasia, 1346–1351, 1347f for strains and sprains, 1546 acute intervention in, 1353–1356 Bands, 617f, 618 ambulatory and home care for, 1356 Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, 46–47 assessment in, 1351, 1352, 1351t Baraclude (entecavir), for hepatitis, 1038–1039, 1038b case study of, 1369b Barbiturates clinical manifestations of, 1347, 1348t abuse of, 153t–154t, 161 collaborative care for, 1348–1349, 1348t in general anesthesia, 340t complementary and alternative therapies for, 1349–1350, 1349b overdose of, 162 complications of, 1348 respiratory depression and, 551t diagnosis of, 1347–1348, 1348t side effects of, 552t drug therapy for, 1349–1350 withdrawal from, 178 etiology of, 1355 Bariatric surgery, 931–934, 931t evaluation in, 1355 ambulatory and home care for, 936 health promotion for, 1352 biliopancreatic diversion, 931t, 932f, 933 implementation in, 1352–1355 evaluation in, 936 invasive therapy for, 1350t, 1351 nursing management of, 934–936 postoperative care in, 1353 patient selection for, 933b preoperative care in, 1354 postoperative care in, 935 laser prostatectomy for, 1350t, 1350–1351 preoperative care in, 934 minimally invasive therapy for, 1349–1350, 1350t roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 931t, 932f, 933 nursing diagnoses for, 1351–1352 Barium sulfate, 889 nursing management of, 1351–1354 Barium swallow, 891, 891f–892f, 891t–894t pathophysiology of, 1355 Baroreceptors planning in, 1352 cardiac, 694 severity index for, 1346–1347, 1348t in blood pressure regulation, 713–714 transurethral incision of prostate for, 1350t, 1351 Barotrauma, in mechanical ventilation, 1665–1666, 1714 transurethral microwave thermotherapy for, 1349, 1350t Barrett’s esophagus, 949 transurethral needle ablation for, 1349–1350, 1350t Barrier contraceptives, 232, 1301–1302, 1310 transurethral resection of prostate for, 1350t, 1351, 1351f sexually transmitted diseases and, 1301 Bentyl (dicyclomine), for irritable bowel syndrome, 993–994 Bartholinitis Benzodiazepine-receptor–like agents, for insomnia, 104, 104t chlamydial, 1305 Benzodiazepines gonococcal, 1301–1302 abuse of, 153t–154t, 161 Bartholin’s glands, 1261 for alcohol withdrawal, 159–160, 159t Basal body temperature, in fertility workup, 1272t–1275t, 1315, 1315f for delirium, 1497 Basal cell carcinoma, 427, 428t, 429f for insomnia, 104, 104t Basal ganglia, 1375, 1376t in anesthesia, 341t Basilar skull fractures, 1404–1405, 1405t overdose of, 162 Basiliximab (Simulect), for transplantation, 215 withdrawal from, 162 Basophils, 614f, 618–619, 618t Benzthiazide (Aquatab, Exna), for hypertension, 724t Baths Bereavement, 142–143 sitz, 1027–1028 Berylliosis, 535, 535t therapeutic, 441 Best interest standard, 953b Battle’s sign, 1404, 1405f Beta cells, in insulin production, 1189 Baxter formula, 457, 457t Beta-adrenergic blockers BCG vaccine. See Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine. for acute coronary syndrome, 752t, 761–762 Becaplermin (Regranex), 182 for angina, 749t, 751–752 Becker muscular dystrophy, 1586–1587, 1587t for asthma, 569–571, 573t–574t, 572 Beclomethasone (Qvar, Vancenase) in acute exacerbations, 570 for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t in severe/life-threatening exacerbations, 570–572 for asthma, 571, 573t–574t for COPD, 592–593 Bedbugs, 433–434, 434t for dysrhythmias, 809t Beds, kinetic therapy, 1516, 1715–1716, 1716f for glaucoma, 399t–400t, 400 Bee stings, 433–434, 434t, 1730 for heart failure, 782–783, 782t Behavior modification. See also Cognitive-behavioral therapy. for hypertension, 725t, 728t for obesity, 930 for hyperthyroidism, 1237 Bell’s palsy, 1504–1505, 1504f for pheochromocytoma, 1255–1256 Benadryl. See Diphenhydramine (Benadryl). for variceal bleeding, 1051–1052 13 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

side effects of, 574t for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1612 Beta-amyloid, in Alzheimer’s disease, 1485 Biologic response modifiers, 268. See also Biologic and targeted Betagan (levobunolol), for glaucoma, 399t–400t therapy. Beta-lactamase bacteria, 220 Biologic therapy, 268. See also Biologic and targeted therapy. Betapace (sotalol), for dysrhythmias, 809t Biologic-based therapies, 82–83 Betaseron (interferon-β-1b), for multiple sclerosis, 1465–1466 Biomedical health care model, 81–82, 82t Betaxolol (Betoptic, Kerlone) Biopsy, 251–252 for glaucoma, 399t–400t bone marrow, 631–633, 632t, 633f for hypertension, 725t in thrombocytopenia, 655 Bevacizumab (Avastin) brain, 1411–1412 for brain tumors, 1412 breast, 1272t–1275t, 1279 for cancer, 269t–270t, 270 cervical, 1332 of breast, 1290 endometrial, 1272t–1275t, 1333 for macular degeneration, 396 endomyocardial, 827 Bexxar (tositumomab) liver, 892t–894t, 895 for cancer, 269t–270t lung, 487t–488t, 490, 490f, 538–539 for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 676–677 lymph node, 632t, 633 Bias, 23. See also Discrimination. prostate, 1355 toward elderly, 21–22, 60–61 punch, 440, 440f Biaxin (clarithromycin), for H. pylori infection, 963t renal, 1086t–1090t Bicalutamide (Casodex), for prostate cancer, 1359t, 1359 skin, 422, 423t Bicarbonate Bioterrorism, 1732–1734 for hyperkalemia, 1139t Biot’s breathing, 481 in arterial blood, 474, 474t Bird fancier’s lung, 535, 535t in urinary disorders, 1086t–1090t Bird flu, 218, 498 Bicarbonate buffer system, 301–302 Bisacodyl (Dulcolax), 988–989, 989t Biceps reflex, 1385, 1385f for constipation, 989t Bichloroacetic acid, for genital warts, 1308 Bismuth, for H. pylori infection, 963t Biculturalism, 23. See also under Cultural. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol), for diarrhea, 984t BiDil, for heart failure, 784 Bisoprolol (Zebeta), for hypertension, 725t Biguanides, for diabetes mellitus, 1200, 1200t, 1201b Bisphosphonates Bile, 879t, 880, 882 for multiple myeloma, 678–679 gallstones and, 1068–1069 for osteoporosis, 1596, 1597b obstructed flow of, 1069, 1069t for Paget’s disease, 1597–1598 Bile acid sequestrants, 747, 747t Bites, 1730 Bile duct stones, 1069–1070 animal, 1730 Bile ducts, 881f, 882 human, 1730 Bile reflux gastritis, 974 insect, 433, 434f, 434t Bile stasis, 1069, 1069t tick, 433, 434t, 1730 Bilevel positive airway pressure, 1641 Bivalirudin (Angiomax), for venous thromboembolism, 863t, 864 Biliary colic, 1069 Biventricular assist devices, 781, 783, 1654f Biliary system, 877f, 882, 883 Biventricular pacing, 783 disorders of, 1068–1070 Biventricular Support System, 791 Bilis, 29t Black cohosh, 85t, 1325 Billroth I operation, 974, 974f Black lung, 534, 535t Billroth II operation, 974 Black wounds, 176, 178t, 180 Bilopancreatic diversion, 931t, 932f, 933 Blacks. See African Americans. with duodenal switch, 931t, 932f, 933 Bladder, 1079, 1080f Bimatoprost (Lumigan), for glaucoma, 399t–400t cancer of, 1117, 1117t Binge-eating disorder, 918 chemotherapy for, 256–257 Biofeedback catheterization of. See Urinary catheterization. for constipation, 988 cystoscopic examination of, 1089f for fecal incontinence, 987 flaccid, in multiple sclerosis, 1502 for headaches, 1451 in obstructive uropathies, 1465 for seizures, 1460 in older adults, 1081 for trigeminal neuralgia, 1502 irrigation of for urinary incontinence, 1121b after transurethral resection of prostate, 1353–1355 Biologic aging, 61. See also Older adults. delegation of, 1359b Biologic and targeted therapy, 268–270, 269t–270t, 270f irritant foods affecting, 1103 for arthritis, 1605t–1607t neurogenic, 1522–1523, 1523t for brain tumors, 1411–1412 in diabetes mellitus, 1221 for breast cancer, 1290 in spinal cord injury, 1522–1523, 1523t for cancer, 268–270, 269t–270t, 270f painful, 1102–1103, 1102t for connective tissue disorders, 1605t–1607t postmenopausal changes in, 1323 for inflammatory bowel disease, 1001–1002, 1001t prolapsed, 1340, 1340f for lung cancer, 540 Bladder distention, in spinal cord injury, 1520–1521 for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 676–677 autonomic dysreflexia and, 1521 14 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Bladder outlet obstruction, 1106 Blood gas values urinary retention and, 1119 arterial, 474, 474t, 487t–488t Bladder reconstruction, orthotopic, 1129–1131 in acid-base imbalances, 303–304, 304t Bladder retraining, 1122t, 1124 normal values for, 474t after stroke, 1443, 1446 mixed venous, 475 Bladder spasticity Blood glucose monitoring, 1204–1206, 1205f, 1205t after prostate surgery, 1354 Blood loss. See Bleeding; Hemorrhage. in multiple sclerosis, 1464, 1465 Blood pressure, 694 in spinal cord injury, 1521–1522 arterial, 694 Blast injuries, 1734 cardiac output and, 713 Blastomycosis, 533, 533t diastolic, 694 Blebs endothelial dysfunction in, 718 facial skin grafts and, 462 in cerebral autoregulation, 1392, 1425 pulmonary, 542, 588, 588f in older adults, 695 in COPD, 588, 588f measurement of, 694, 698, 729–730, 729t Bleeding. See also Hemorrhage. ambulatory, 720 abnormal vaginal, 1268, 1320–1321 at home, 730–731auscultatory gap in, 731 acute, clinical manifestations of, 646t in critical care, 1643–1651 anemia from, 641t, 645, 646, 645t in older adults, 731 anorectal, from hemorrhoids, 1026 invasive methods of, 1643–1651 anticoagulant-related, 866, 866b normal variation in, 720 dysfunctional uterine, 1326 regulation of, 713–715, 715f gastrointestinal. See Gastrointestinal bleeding. baroreceptors in, 713–714 in chronic kidney disease, 1143 endocrine system in, 715 in disseminated intravascular coagulation, 662, 662f kidney in, 714–715, 715f in hemodialysis, 1158 renal system in, 714–715 in hemophilia, 657–659, 660f sympathetic nervous system in, 713–714, 714t, 715f in myelodysplastic syndrome, 668 vascular endothelium in, 714, 717 in peptic ulcer disease, 967, 972 systemic vascular resistance and, 713 in peritoneal dialysis, 1154 systolic, 694 in thrombocytopenia, 645, 656–657 Blood smear, peripheral, 628 intraocular, 368 Blood substitutes, 332Blood typing, 629–630, 630t joint, 625, 1545 Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 1086t–1090t in hemophilia, 657–659, 660f in chronic kidney disease, 1142 menstrual. See also Menstruation. Blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio, 1086t–1090t breakthrough, 1320, 1323 Blood vessels, 693, 693f excessive, 1268, 1320–1321, 1330 neural control of, 693 nasal, 493, 494f, 626t–627t Blood volume expanders, 343 postcoital, 1268 Blood-brain barrier, 1379 variceal, 1046–1047, 1050, 1054 chemotherapy and, 1412–1413 Bleeding disorders, 652 Blue toe syndrome, 845 disseminated intravascular coagulation, 661–662 Bobath method, 1445 hemophilia, 657–659 Body fat. See Fat, body. thrombocytopenia, 653–657 Body jacket, 1516 von Willebrand disease, 657–659 Body jacket casts, 1554–1555, 1555f Bleeding time, 630t Body language, 25–26 Blepharitis, 371t, 387–389 in patient teaching, 47–48 Blepharoplasty, 443–444 Body lice, 431–432, 432t Blindness, 384. See also Visual impairment. Body mass index (BMI), 742–743, 906 Blocadren (timolol), for hypertension, 725t in COPD, 617 Blom-Singer prosthesis, 516, 516f Body temperature. See Fever; Temperature. Blood. See also under Hematologic., 616–618 Body water content, 281–282, 282f. See also under Fluid. components of, 616–618, 618f Body weight. See Weight. functions of, 616, 617t Body-based therapies, 84–86 in sputum, 479 Bombs, in terrorism, 1732 in stool, 640, 890t, 961–962 Bone in urine, 1085t avascular necrosis of, 1547 in vomitus, 479, 622–623, 890t cancellous, 1530 oxygenation of, 473–474 cortical, 1530 states of, 29t in older adults, 1534, 1535t thin, 29t ossification of, 1530 Blood cell count, nadir in, 261 in fracture healing, 1552, 1552f Blood cell production, 616, 617f Paget’s disease of, 1597–1598 Blood component therapy, 680–687. See also Transfusion(s). remodeling of, 1530, 1595 Blood cultures, 222b in fracture healing, 1552, 1552f Blood flow. See also Circulation. resorption of, 1530 cerebral, 1392–1393 structures and functions of, 1529, 1531f 15 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

types of, 1530 Brace, SOMI, 1519, 1519f Bone cancer, 1585–1586, 1585t Brachiocephalic artery, 1379f limb salvage for, 1585 Brachioradialis reflex, 1385f metastatic, 1586 Brachytherapy, 259–260, 1337–1338. See also Radiation therapy. nursing management of, 1586 definition of, 510 osteosarcoma, 1585, 1585t for breast cancer, 1280, 1289f Bone cancer, 1585–1586, 1585t for female reproductive cancers, 1337–1338 limb salvage for, 1585 for head and neck cancer, 510, 512 metastatic, 1586 for prostate cancer, 1357, 1358f nursing management of, 1586 nursing management for, 1339 osteosarcoma, 1585, 1585t Braden scale, 185 Bone disorders Bradycardia in chronic kidney disease, 1145, 1145f, 1147 in spinal cord injury, 1510–1511 metabolic, 1593 sinus, 801, 801f, 802t Bone grafts, in spinal fusion, 1588–1589 Bradykinesia, in Parkinson’s disease, 1471 Bone loss. See also Osteoporosis. Brain. See also under Cerebral; Nervous system. age-related, 1594 biopsy of, 1411–1412 Bone marrow, 616–617, 1531 blood supply of, 1378–1379 in hematopoiesis, 616–617 cancer of. See Brain tumors. Bone marrow biopsy, 631–633, 632t, 633f chemo, 262t–263t, 1289 in thrombocytopenia, 654 components of, 1378f Bone marrow suppression, in cancer therapy, 261–268, 262t–263t concussion of, 1405 Bone marrow transplantation, 271. See also Hematopoietic stem cells, contusions of, 1405, 1406f transplantation of. coup-contrecoup injury of, 1406, 1406f Bone mass, peak, 1595 functional areas of, 1414f Bone metabolism in older adults, 1379–1380, 1381t assessment of, 1540t–1541t inflammatory conditions of, 1416–1417 disorders of, 1596 lacerations of, 1405 Bone mineral density, measurement of, 1540t–1541t, 1597 structures and functions of, 1375, 1376f Bone scans, 1540t–1541t traumatic injury of, 1403, 1405–1415. See also Head injury; Bone tumors, 1586 Traumatic brain injury. benign, 1586, 1587t Brain abscess, 1415t, 1416 malignant, 1584–1585, 1584t Brain attack, 1424 limb salvage for, 1584 Brain death, 141, 1410b metastatic, 1585 Brain fag, 28t nursing management of, 1585 Brain stents, 1431–1432, 1432f osteosarcoma, 1484, 1484t Brain tumors, 1411–1413 types of, 1586, 1587t chemotherapy for, 1412–1413 Bonefos (clodronate), for osteoporosis, 1596 clinical manifestations of, 1411–1412, 1413t Boniva (ibandronate) collaborative care in, 1411–1412 for osteoporosis, 1596 complications of, 1411 for Paget’s disease, 1596–1597 diagnostic studies in, 1411 Borborygmi, 887, 889, 1009 locations of, 1412 Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale, 767, 768t metastatic, 1412t–1413t Bortezomib (Velcade), for cancer, 268t–269t nursing management of, 1407–1408 Bosentan (Tracleer), for pulmonary hypertension, 557 radiation therapy for, 1412 Botulinum antitoxin, 1507 stereotactic radiosurgery for, 1412 Botulinum toxin surgery for, 1726, 1412. See also Cranial surgery. for achalasia, 957 targeted therapy for, 1412–1413 for headaches, 1454 types of, 1412, 1413f, 1413t Botulism, 979t, 1507 ventricular shunts for, 1416 in terrorism, 1732–1734, 1732t–1733t Brainstem, 1376f, 1377 Bouchard’s nodes, 1602 Bravelle (urofollitropin), for infertility, 1316t Boutonnière deformity, 1539t, 1611–1612, 1612f BRCA mutations Bowel, neurogenic, 1513, 1523, 1524t breast cancer and, 1282–1283 Bowel elimination. See also Constipation; Diarrhea. ovarian cancer and, 1334, 1334b after stroke, 1430, 1441, 1444–1445 Breakthrough bleeding, 1268, 1320, 1323 in Alzheimer’s disease, 1495 Breakthrough pain, 120 in multiple sclerosis, 1465 Breast in spinal cord injury, 1514, 1520, 1522 biopsy of, 1272t–1275t Bowel elimination pattern, 987–988 fine-needle, 1279 Bowel preparation stereotactic, 1279 for colonoscopy, 1015 ultrasound core, 1279 for urinary imaging, 1091–1092 calcifications in, 1278 Bowel sounds dimpling of, 1270t absent, 887, 890t disorders of, 1270t, 1277 auscultation of, 887 assessment of, 1277–1279 16 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

benign, 1279 sexuality and, 1295sites of, 1284, 1284f diagnosis of, 1278–1279 staging of, 1285–1286, 1286t male, 1281 surgery for, 1288t malignant. See Breast cancer. axillary node dissection, 1284, 1286 nipple discharge in, 1270t, 1281 breast-conserving, 1286–1287, 1288t cytologic study of, 1272t–1275t, 1275 mastectomy, 1285–1287, 1288t. See also Mastectomy. pain in, 1279 nursing care plan for, 1292b–1293bpostoperative care in, 1291– ductal ectasia of, 1277 1295reconstructive, 1295–1297, 1296f–1297f examination of, 1277 triple-negative, 1285 in older adults, 1282 tumor markers for, 1285 fibroadenoma of, 1280–1281, 1281f types of, 1282t, 1283 fibrocystic changes in, 1279t, 1280, 1280f Breast implants in older adults, 1282 augmentation, 1297 infections of, 1279–1280 reconstructive. See Breast reconstruction. intraductal papillomas of, 1277 Breast prosthesis, 1294 lactating, 1261, 1262f Breast reconstruction, 1288t, 1295–1297, 1296f–1297f lymphatic drainage of, 1262, 1287f Breast reduction, 1297–1299 male, enlarged, 1281 Breast self-examination, 1278, 1278f masses in, 1270t Breast-conserving surgery, 1286–1287, 1288t benign, 1279t, 1280–1281 nursing care plan for, 1292b–1293b malignant. See Breast cancer. postoperative care in, 1291–1293 Breastfeeding. See Lactation. palpation of, 1269–1270 Breath sounds structures and functions of, 1261, 1261f adventitious, 483, 484t–485t Breast augmentation, 1297 in respiratory failure, 1705 Breast cancer, 1282–1290 auscultation of, 483, 484t–485t, 489f acute intervention in, 1291–1294 in asthma, 566, 566f adjuvant therapy for, 1287–1289, 1288f normal, 483, 483f ambulatory and home care for, 1294–1295 Breathing. See also Respiration. assessment in, 1290–1291, 1291t abdominal, 94, 598 axillary lymph node dissection in, 1284, 1286 apneustic, 1400f case study of, 1298b ataxic, 1400f chemotherapy for, 1289 Biot’s, 481 clinical manifestations of, 1284 cluster, 1400f collaborative care in, 1285–1290 deep, postoperative, 350 complications of, 1284 diaphragmatic, 598in emergency assessment, 1722, 1722t cultural factors in, 1290, 1290b in resuscitation, 1721–1723, 1722t diagnosis of, 1284–1285, 1286t pursed-lip, 484t–485t, 581t, 597 ductal, 1283 relaxation, 94, 94t ductal carcinoma in situ, 1283 sleep-disordered, 107–108 etiology of, 1282–1283 Breathing retraining, 597–598 evaluation in, 1295 Breslow measurement, 428–429, 429f follow-up and survivorship care in, 1287 Bretylium (Bretylol), for dysrhythmias, 809t genetic factors in, 1282–1283, 1283b Brevibloc. See Esmolol (Brevibloc). hormonal therapy for, 1289–1290, 1289t Brevital (methohexital), in general anesthesia, 340t implementation in, 1291–1295 Brimonidine (Alphagan), for glaucoma, 399t–400t in older adults, 1295 Brinzolamide (Azopt), for glaucoma, 399t–400t inflammatory, 1283 Broad ligament, 1261 lobular, 1283 Broca’s aphasia, 1430t lobular carcinoma in situ, 1283 Broca’s area, 1375, 1376f, 1376t lymphedema in, 1285 Bromocriptine (Parlodel), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472, 1472b metastatic, 1282t, 1284, 1285t Brompheniramine (Dimetane), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t noninvasive, 1283 Bronchi, 472, 472f nursing diagnoses for, 1291 Bronchial breath sounds, 484, 483f nursing management of, 1290–1295 Bronchial circulation, 472 palliative therapy for, 1288 Bronchiectasis, 610–612, 610f pathophysiology of, 1283–1284 in cystic fibrosis, 606 peau d’orange skin in, 1283 Bronchioles, 471, 471f planning in, 1291 Bronchiolitis, in cystic fibrosis, 606 prognostic factors in, 1284–1285 Bronchiolitis obliterans, 535 psychologic aspects of, 1294–1295 after lung transplant, 558 race/ethnicity and, 1290, 1290b Bronchitis radiation therapy for, 1284b, 1286–1288, 1288t, 1289f acute, 520 recurrent, 1282t, 1284, 1284b dialysis-related, 1155 rehabilitation in, 1294 Bronchoalveolar lavage, 488–489, 489f risk factors for, 1279t, 1282–1283, 1282t Bronchoconstriction, 471 screening for, 1272t–1275t, 1276, 1278–1279 reflex, 476 17 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Bronchodilation, 471 definition of, 446 Bronchodilator challenge test, 489 depth of, 449, 449f, 449t in asthma, 567 electrical, 448, 448f, 452t Bronchodilators extent of, 450, 450f for asthma, 573t–574t, 572 first-degree, 449, 449f, 449t for COPD, 591–592 fluid and electrolyte shifts in, 453–454, 453f–454f, 461 for respiratory failure, 1708 fourth-degree, 449, 449f, 449t Bronchophony, 484, 484t–485t full-thickness, 447f, 449, 449t Bronchoscopic laser therapy, 539 healing of, 454, 465 Bronchoscopy, 487t–488t, 486–488, 489f, 538–539 hypermetabolic state and, 461 Bronchospasm hypovolemic shock and, 453–454, 453f–454f in respiratory failure, 1709 immune response in, 454 postoperative, 448t, 449 in older adults, 466 Bronchovesicular breath sounds, 484, 483f infection of, 461 Brooke formula, 457, 457t prevention of, 457–460, 460b Brovana (arformoterol), for asthma, 573t–574t, 575 inflammation in, 454 Brown-Séquard syndrome, 1510, 1512f inhalation injury and, 446–448, 455–457, 455t Bruising. See Ecchymoses. management of, 453, 452t, 457, 456f, 456t Bruits, 698–699, 699t–700t laboratory findings in, 462 abdominal, 890t, 1084 location of, 450 B-type natriuretic peptide, 288, 702, 703t–707t management of, 450 in heart failure, 777, 780, 781t ABCs of, 451 Bubonic plague, 220t acute-phase, 456t, 461–462 Buck’s traction, 1554 airway management in, 453, 452t, 457, 456f, 456t Buddhists, health beliefs and practices of, 26t collaborative care in, 455, 456t, 462, 466 Budesonide (Pulmicort Turbuhaler, Rhinocort) drug therapy in, 459–460, 459t for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t emergency, 453–455, 451t–453t, 456t for asthma, 572, 573t–574t fluid therapy in, 456t–457t, 457 Budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort), for asthma, 573t–574t, 575 nursing, 455, 455t, 462, 466 Buerger’s disease, 858 phases of, 450 Buffers, 301 prehospital, 450–451 Bufopto (atropine), for pupillary dilation, 392t psychosocial care in, 464–467, 466t Bulbourethral glands, 1259f rehabilitation-phase, 465 Bulimia nervosa, 919–920 nursing staff needs and, 467–468 Bulking agents nutritional support and, 459t, 460, 464 for constipation, 989, 989t occupational therapy for, 464 for urinary incontinence, 1123 of ear, 450, 449 Bullae, pulmonary, in COPD, 587, 587f of eye, 386t Bullectomy, 597 of face, 450, 454f, 449 Bumetanide (Bumex), for hypertension, 724t–727t of hand, 450, 459 Bunions, 1593f, 1594t of perineum, 459 in rheumatoid arthritis, 1611–1612, 1612f pain management for, 459–460, 459t, 464 Buprenorphine (Buprenex), 124t partial-thickness, 447f, 449, 449t Bupropion (Zyban), for smoking cessation, 155–156, 156t pathophysiology of, 453–454, 453f, 461, 465 Burkitt’s lymphoma, 676 physical therapy for, 459, 464 Burn center, referral to, 448, 449t pneumonia and, 455, 456t Burn shock, 454–455, 453f–454f potassium imbalance in, 454, 454f, 461 Burns, 446 pressure garments for, 465 acute tubular necrosis and, 448, 455 psychosocial aspects of, 464–467, 466t airway, 446–448, 451, 452t, 455–457, 455t–456t, 456f referral for, 448, 449t altered mental status in, 454 risk factors for, 450 caregiver stress and, 466–467 rule of nines for, 450, 450f case study of, 467b scald, 447f chemical, 446, 451, 453t scars from, 465 classification of, 448–451 second-degree, 449, 449f, 449t clinical manifestations of, 455, 461, 465 severity of, 448, 449t complications of, 455, 456t, 465 sexuality and, 467 cardiovascular, 455 sludging and, 454 endocrine, 462 sodium imbalance in, 454, 454f, 461 gastrointestinal, 462 solar, 425 musculoskeletal, 462 tetanus immunization for, 460 neurologic, 462 thermal, 447, 447f renal, 448, 455 third-degree, 449, 449f, 449t respiratory, 455, 455t thromboembolism and, 455, 460 contractures from, 465, 466f types of, 446–448 Curling’s ulcer and, 459t, 461–462 wound care for, 458–457, 458f, 462 debridement of, 457, 458f, 462 debridement in, 459 18 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

dressings in, 457, 458f, 460b hyperparathyroidism and, 1275 escharotomy in, 454–455, 456f, 463 hypocalcemic, 297t, 298 excision and grafting in, 458, 459t, 462–464, 463f hypoparathyroidism and, 1246 Bursae, 1534 in cancer, 294–295, 297 Bursitis, 1534, 1550 Calcium imbalances (Continued) Buserelin (Suprefact), for prostate cancer, 1359–1360, 1359t in chronic kidney disease, 1144, 1147 Butorphanol (Stadol), 124t, 128 tetany and, 1182t–1183t, 1246 Butterfly rash, in systemic lupus erythematosus, 1622, 1623f Calcium oxalate stones, 1109t. See also Urinary calculi. Byetta (exenatide), 1200t Calcium phosphate stones, 1109t. See also Urinary calculi. for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 Calcium polycarbophil (Mitrolan), for diarrhea, 984t Bypass grafting. See Graft(s). Calcium-scoring CT scan, 703t–707t Byssinosis, 535t Calculi, urinary, 1107–1111 Bystolic (nebivolol), for hypertension, 724t–727t Callus, fracture, 1551, 1552f Calluses, 1633t Caloric requirements, 899, 901t C Caloric restriction, 928–930, 928t. See also Weight loss. C fibers, 115–116 Caloric test stimulus, 380t CA15-3, in breast cancer, 1285 Caltrate (calcium carbonate), for hyperphosphatemia, in chronic kidney CA27-29, in breast cancer, 1285 disease, 1147 CA-125, in ovarian cancer, 1335 Campath (alemtuzumab), for cancer, 269t–270t Caffeine, 153t, 160 Campylobacter jejuni diarrhea, 983t common sources of, 106t Canal of Schlemm, 366, 365f Caffeine withdrawal headache, postoperative, 320 Canalith repositioning, 406 CAGEAID questionnaire, 164, 164t, 167 Cancellous bone, 1530 Calan. See Verapamil. Cancer, 241, 248–251, 249t. See also Tumor(s). Calcifications after renal transplant, 1165 breast, 1277 biology of, 242–248, 243f coronary artery, 738 bladder, 257, 1117, 1118t Calcimar (salmon calcitonin) bone, 1584, 1726 for osteoporosis, 1596 brain, 1410–1412. See also Brain tumors. for Paget’s disease, 1597–1598 breast, 1282–1290 Calcimimetic agents, for hyperparathyroidism, 1246 cardiac tamponade in, 276 Calcineurin inhibitors, for transplantation, 214, 214t carotid artery rupture in, 276 Calcitonin, 1172t, 1176 cell growth and differentiation in, 243–244, 243f for osteoporosis, 1596 cervical, 1329t, 1332–1333, 1333t for Paget’s disease, 1597–1598 classification of, 248–251, 249t Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol), for hypoparathyroidism, collaborative care for, 251–253 1247 colorectal, 1010–1014 Calcium complications of, 273–276 dietary cultural factors in, 242, 242b kidney stones and, 1111 development of, 244–247, 245f sources of, 295, 1597t diagnosis of, 250–251 functions of, 296 early detection of, 250, 250b in musculoskeletal assessment, 1540t–1542t emergencies in, 274–276 measurement of, 297, 1184t–1187t endometrial, 1333–1334 regulation of, 295 esophageal, 954–955 supplemental, 291 gallbladder, 1073–1074 for hypoparathyroidism, 1246–1247 gender differences in, 241, 242t for menopausal women, 1325 head and neck, 510–512, 945–947 for osteoporosis, 1595, 1597t histologic grading of, 249 preparations of, 1597t hypercalcemia in, 275, 297 Calcium acetate (PhosLo), for hyperphosphatemia, in chronic kidney immune response in, 247–248, 248f disease, 1147 in HIV infection, 225–226, 226f, 227t Calcium balance, 1078, 1144 in older adults, 278 regulation of, 1078 incidence of, 241, 242t Calcium carbonate (Caltrate), for hyperphosphatemia, in chronic kidney infections in, 274 disease, 1147 initiation of, 244–245, 245f Calcium channel blockers kidney, 1116–1117, 1116f–1117f, 1117t for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 749t, 753 laryngeal, 503, 509–512, 511f for dysrhythmias, 809t liver, 1058–1059 for hypertension, 724t–727t, 723 lung, 536–540, 559b Calcium gluconate, for hyperkalemia, 1139t malnutrition in, 273–274 Calcium glycerophosphate (Prelief), for interstitial cystitis, 1102 metabolic disturbances in, 275–276 Calcium imbalances, 296–297, 297t metastasis in, 246–247, 246f after parathyroidectomy, 1246 mortality in, 241–242, 242t hypercalcemic, 297, 297t mutations in, 244–245, 254 obesity and, 926, 926f 19 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

oral, 510–512, 945–947, 946t–947t Capillary fragility test, 630t ovarian, 1334–1335, 1334t Capillary refill, 698, 699t–700t pain management in, 276–277, 276t Capsaicin, 126t, 129, 1605t–1607t palliative care in, 253–254 for diabetic neuropathy, 1220–1221 pancreatic, 1067–1068 for osteoarthritis, 1604–1608 paraneoplastic syndromes in, 538 Capsule endoscopy, 891t–894t, 895, 895f penile, 1363 Captopril (Capoten), 784b prevention of, 250, 250t, 253 for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t progression of, 245f, 246–247 for hypertension, 724t–727t promotion in, 245f, 245–246 Carafate (sucralfate), for GERD, 951 prostate, 1355–1360 Carbachol (Isopto Carbachol), for glaucoma, 399t–400t psychologic support in, 277–278 Carbamazepine (Tegretol) recurrence of, 248 for seizures, 1459, 1460b rehabilitation in, 254 for trigeminal neuralgia, 1501–1503 renal, 1116, 1116f–1117f Carbidopa/levodopa (Sinemet), for Parkinson’s disease, 1471, 1471b secondary, 245 Carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone (Stalevo), for Parkinson’s disease, 1473 skin, 245, 415, 426 Carbohydrate counting, 1203 of ear, 402 Carbohydrates, 899 societal impact of, 242 for hypoglycemia, 1217 spinal cord, 1526–1527 in diabetic diet, 1202t, 1203 spinal cord compression in, 275 metabolism of, in chronic kidney disease, 1142 staging of, 249–250, 249t, 538–539 Carbon dioxide, in acid-base balance, 300–301 stomach, 976–977, 975f, 976t, 977f Carbon dioxide narcosis, in oxygen therapy, 595–596 superior vena cava syndrome in, 274–275, 275f Carbon dioxide–oxygen exchange, 473–474, 474f survivors of, 278–280, 278t Carbon monoxide poisoning, 447, 452t, 1731t syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone in, 275, 1230 Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system, 301 terminal care in. See End-of-life care. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, for glaucoma, 399t–400t testicular, 1363f, 1365 Carboprost (Hemabate), for induced abortion, 1317t third space syndrome in, 275 Carboxyhemoglobinemia, 447 thyroid, 1233 Carbuncles, 430t, 439 treatment of, 251–253 Carcinoembryonic antigen, 248 biologic and targeted therapy in, 268–271, 269t–270t, 270f Carcinogens, 244–246 chemotherapy in, 254–258, 254f. See also Chemotherapy. Carcinoma, 241, 249t. See also Cancer. gene therapy in, 273 Carcinoma in situ, 249–250 goals of, 251–253, 252f Cardene. See Nicardipine (Cardene). hematopoietic growth factors in, 271, 271t Cardiac action potential, 691, 796f hematopoietic stem cell transplant in, 271–273, 272f, 272t Cardiac arrest, 770 late effects of, 268 therapeutic hypothermia for, 1726 multimodality therapy in, 253 Cardiac arrhythmias. See Dysrhythmias. nursing management in, 261–268 Cardiac automaticity, 799 psychoemotional issues in, 268 Cardiac blood pool scan, 703t–707t radiation therapy in, 258–261. See also Radiation therapy. Cardiac catheterization, 753, 703t–707t , 710 side effects of, 261–268, 262t–263t complications of, 754, 759 surgery in, 253–254 delegation for, 770b tumor lysis syndrome in, 275–276 for acute coronary syndrome, 758–759 vaginal, 1335–1336 Cardiac cells vulvar, 1336 depolarization/repolarization of, 796, 796f warning signs of, 250, 250t properties of, 795t Candesartan (Atacand), for hypertension, 724t–727t Cardiac cirrhosis, 1044 Candidiasis Cardiac computed tomography, 703t–707t, 710, 710f cutaneous, 433, 433f, 433t Cardiac conduction system, 691, 692f, 795, 795t, 796f oral, 890t, 945t intrinsic rates of, 800t HIV-related, 225–226, 226f, 227t Cardiac contractility, 1642–1643 pharyngeal, 502 Cardiac cycle, 701f pulmonary, 534, 533t Cardiac disorders. See Heart disease. vulvovaginal, 1326–1327, 1326t Cardiac index, 692, 1642, 1643t Canes, 1563 Cardiac markers, 702, 703t–707t Canker sores, 945t in myocardial infarction, 756–757, 757f Cannabinoids, for pain, 127–128 Cardiac output, 692, 713, 1642 Cannabis. See Marijuana. blood pressure and, 694 Capecitabine (Xeloda) in heart failure, 777 for breast cancer, 1290 Cardiac output (Continued) for colorectal cancer, 1014, 1014b monitoring of Capillaries, 693, 693f. See also Circulation. invasive, 1649–1650 fluid movement in, 285–286, 286f minimally invasive, 1650 lymphatic, 621 noninvasive65, 1650 neural control of, 693 Cardiac pacemaker. See Pacemaker (physiologic); Pacemakers 20 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

(electronic). gender differences in, 698b Cardiac rehabilitation, 765t, 766 health history in, 695, 697t activity and exercise in, 767, 768t–769t imaging studies in, 703t–707t patient teaching in, 767, 767t–769t medication history in, 695 sexual activity and, 768, 769t physical examination in, 695 Cardiac reserve, 693 preoperative, 318 Cardiac resynchronization therapy, 783, 783f, 812 surgical history in, 695 Cardiac rhythms gender differences in, 698bin older adults, 694–695, 695t abnormal. See Dysrhythmias. regulation of, 693–694 identification of, 795–814 structures and functions of, 690–694, 691f–692f Cardiac tamponade, 543t Cardioversion in aortic dissection, 849 implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for, 811, 811f in cancer, 276 safety concerns for, 811b in pericarditis, 824 synchronized, 810 Cardiac transplantation, 791–794, 791t Carditis, rheumatic, 829 for dilated cardiomyopathy, 838 Cardizem. See Diltiazem (Cardizem). Cardiac troponin, 702, 703t–707t Cardura (doxazosin), for hypertension, 724t–727t, 728b Cardiac valves. See also Valvular heart disease. Care plan. See Nursing care plan. in older adults, 695, 695t Caregiver, family, 75, 77–78. See also Home health care. prosthetic, 834, 835f, 835t Caregiver assessment, 78, 79t antibiotic prophylaxis for, 821, 821t, 821b Caregiver stress, 48, 77–80, 79t structures and functions of, 690, 691f burns and, 466–467 Cardiac-specific troponin, 757, 757f in chronic illness, 59 Cardiogenic shock, 756, 1672–1674. See also Shock. in critical care, 1642 clinical manifestations of, 1676t Caregiver support, 78–79 collaborative care for, 1688, 1689t in Alzheimer’s disease, 1495 hemodynamic parameters in, 1674t in chronic illness, 59 pathophysiology of, 1674f in end-of-life care, 141–143, 150–151 precipitating factors in, 1673t teaching in. See Patient and caregiver teaching. Cardiomegaly, in dilated cardiomyopathy, 837, 838f Carina, 471 Cardiomyopathy, 836–837 Carotenemia, 421t classification of, 836 Carotid arteries, 1379f clinical manifestations of, 837t internal, 1378, 1379f collaborative care for, 837t rupture of, in cancer, 276 diagnosis of, 837t stents for, 1432–1433, 1432f dilated, 837, 775, 837–838, 838f ultrasonography of, 1388t–1389t etiology of, 837t Carotid duplex studies, 1388t–1389t hypertrophic, 837t, 839, 839f Carotid endarterectomy, 1432, 1432f patient teaching for, 840t Carpal tunnel syndrome, 1548, 1548f restrictive, 837, 837t, 840 Cart shower, 458f Takotsubo, 837 Carteolol (Cartrol, Ocupress) Cardioneurogenic syncope, 816–817 for glaucoma, 399t–400t Cardiopulmonary bypass, 760 for hypertension, 724t–727t Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 1721–1723 Cartilage, 1532 in end-of-life care, 144–145, 145t elastic, 1532 Cardiotoxicity, of chemotherapy, 262t–263t fibrous, 1532 Cardiovascular disorders hyaline, 1532 in burn injury, 454–455 Carvedilol (Coreg) in chronic kidney disease, 1142–1143, 1145 for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t in diabetes mellitus, 1219 for dysrhythmias, 809t insulin resistance and, 1219 for hypertension, 724t–727t obesity and, 924, 926f side effects of, 784b postmenopausal, 1323 Cascade disease pattern, 66 postoperative, 350–351 Cascara sagrada, for constipation, 989t in clinical unit, 351 Case management, 3 nursing management of, 349–350 for older adults, 66 skin manifestations of, 437t Casodex (bicalutamide), for prostate cancer, 1359t, 1360 stroke and, 1425 Casts (fracture), 1554, 1562 Cardiovascular instability, in spinal cord injury, 1512, 1519 application of, 1554 Cardiovascular system, 860. See also under Cardiac; Heart; Vascular. body jacket, 1554, 1555f adverse drug effects on, 696t care of, 1562 assessment of, 695–702 delegation of, 1578b common abnormalities on, 699t–700t patient teaching for, 1562t diagnostic studies in, 702–712, 703t–707t hip spica, 1555, 1555f documentation of, 701, 701t long arm, 1554, 1555f focused, 889, 889b long leg, 1555, 1555f functional health patterns in, 696 lower extremity, 1555, 1568t 21 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

materials for, 1554 Cell death, programmed, 670 petaling of, 1554 in spinal cord injury, 1508 removal of, 1562 Cell division, 190–191 short arm, 1554, 1555f CellCept (mycophenolate mofetil), for transplantation, 213–215 short leg, 1555, 1555f Cell-mediated immunity, 197f, 199t, 200 slings for, 1554 Cell-proliferation indices, for breast cancer, 1285 types of, 1554, 1555f Cellulitis, 430t, 431, 431f upper extremity, 1554, 1555f Central cord syndrome, 1510, 1512f Casts (urinary), 1091, 1091t Central diabetes insipidus, 1231–1232 Cat bites, 1730 Central hearing loss, 374, 407 Cataflam (diclofenac K), 123t Central nervous system (CNS). See also Brain; Nervous system; Cataplexy, 107 Spinal cord. Catapres. See Clonidine (Catapres, Duraclon). structures and functions of, 1373–1377, 1377f Cataracts, 371t, 390–392 Central neurogenic hyperventilation, 1400f ambulatory and home care for, 415 Central parenteral nutrition, 916 Cataracts (Continued) Central venous access devices, 256, 308–312 clinical manifestations of, 390–391 centrally inserted catheters, 308–309, 309f, 310t collaborative care for, 391–392, 391t complications of, 310, 310t diagnosis of, 391 dressings for, 310 etiology of, 390 flushing of, 308b, 311 nursing management of, 392 indications for, 308, 308t pathophysiology of, 390 injection cap changes for, 311 patient teaching for, 393t nursing management of, 310–312 senile, 390 peripherally inserted catheters, 309, 309f, 310t treatment of removal of, 311–312 nonsurgical, 391, 392t site care for, 310–311 surgical, 390–392, 392t Central venous oxygen saturation, 1646t, 1650–1651 Catecholamines, 1177 Central venous pressure, 1643t, 1647–1648 Cathartic colon syndrome, 988 Cephalosporins, for gonorrhea, 1301–1303, 1302t Cathartics, for poisoning, 1732 Cephulac. See Lactulose (Constulose, Cephulac). Catheter(s) Cerebellum, 1376–1377 central venous, 308–310, 309f, 310t. See also Central venous access Cerebral aneurysms. See also Aneurysms. devices. clipping/coiling of, 1435, 1435f Groshong, 309 rupture of, 1428, 1429b Hickman, 309 Cerebral angiography, 1386, 1388f, 1388t–1389t jugular venous bulb, 1398, 1400f in stroke, 1431 LICOX, 1398, 1400f Cerebral arteries, 1378, 1379f Swan-Ganz, 1645–1651 Cerebral autoregulation, 1392, 1425 Tenckhoff, 1153, 1154f, 1155 Cerebral blood flow, 1392–1393 Catheter ablation factors affecting, 1393 for atrial fibrillation, 805 regulation of, 1392, 1425 for atrial flutter, 804 Cerebral circulation, 1378–1379, 1424–1425, 1425f Catheterization collateral, 1425 cardiac, 753, 703t–707t, 710 Cerebral cortex complications of, 754, 759 in pain perception, 117 delegation for, 770b in stress response, 90–93, 91f for acute coronary syndrome, 758–759 Cerebral edema, 1393–1394 in hemodialysis, 1156, 1157f cytotoxic, 1393–1394 in peritoneal dialysis, 1153, 1154f etiology of, 1394t. See also Increased intracranial pressure. pulmonary artery, 475, 1645–1651, 1647f, 1646t. See also interstitial, 1394 Hemodynamic monitoring. vasogenic, 1394 catheter for, 1647f Cerebral herniation complications of, 1651 cingulate, 1394f, 1395 indications/contraindications for, 1646t infratentorial, 1379 transhepatic biliary, 1071 tentorial, 1394f, 1395 Cations, 282 uncal, 1394f, 1395 Cauda equina syndrome, 1510, 1589 Cerebral oxygenation monitoring, 1398, 1400f CD 20 monoclonal antibodies, for cancer, 269t–270t Cerebral perfusion pressure, 1392, 1392t CD antigens, 195 Cerebral vasospasm, in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1428, 1436 CD4 cells, 224, 225f Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 1377 Cecostomy, 884t analysis of, 1385–1386, 1389t Cecum, 880, 881f buildup of, 1394. See also Hydrocephalus. Cefixime (Suprax), for gonorrhea, 1302, 1302t drainage of, 1392f, 1397f–1398f, 1397–1398 Ceftriaxone (Rocephin), for gonorrhea, 1301–1303, 1302t in bacterial meningitis, 1418t, 1416–1418 Celecoxib (Celebrex), 122–123, 123f, 123t in brain abscess, 1418t Celiac disease, 1025, 1026t in viral meningitis, 1418t, 1419 Cell cycle, 242, 243f leakage of, 1404–1405, 1405f, 1408 22 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

in spinal surgery, 1591–1592 classification of, 256 lumbar puncture for, 1385, 1388t–1389t, 1431 cognitive effects of, 262t–263t, 1318 normal values for, 1385–1386, 1389t extravasation in, 256, 257f Cerebrovascular disease, hypertensive, 718t, 719 for bladder cancer, 257 Cerebrum, structures and functions of, 1375, 1376f, 1376t for brain tumors, 1411–1412 Certification, 3 for breast cancer, 1289 Certolizumab (Cimzia) for colorectal cancer, 1014 for arthritis/connective tissue disease, 1605t–1607t for head and neck cancer, 511 for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002, 1002t for Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 675, 677t for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1614 for leukemia, 670–673, 672t Cerumen, impacted, 379t, 403 for lung cancer, 540 Cervical immobilization, 1516–1519, 1519f, 1721 for osteosarcoma, 1584–1585 Cervical immobilization device, 1721 for ovarian cancer, 1335 Cervical mucus, postcoital test and, 1315 for prostate cancer, 1360 Cervical smear. See Pap test. Chemotherapy (Continued) Cervical spine. See also Neck. for testicular cancer, 1365 intervertebral disk disease in, 1589–1591. See also Intervertebral disk goals of, 253, 254f disease. intraarterial, 257 stabilization of, 1721 intraperitoneal, 257 Cervical stabilization, 1516–1519, 1519f intrathecal, 257 Cervicitis, 1326–1327, 1326t intraventricular, 257 chlamydial, 1305 intravesical bladder, 257 gonococcal, 1301, 1301f late effects of, 268 Cervidil (dinoprostone), for induced abortion, 1317t mechanism of action of, 256 Cervix neoadjuvant, 1289 biopsy of, 1333 nursing management in, 261–268 cancer of, 1332–1333, 1332f, 1333t. See also Reproductive cancers, psychoemotional issues in, 268 female. regimens for, 258 diagnosis of, 1272, 1320 regional, 256–257 screening for, 1272, 1272t–1275t, 1272 response to, 254 disorders of, 1326–1327 safety concerns in, 256 pain in, 1592, 1592t side effects of, 258, 258t, 261–268, 262t–263t, 1289 polyps of, 1331 Chest structures and functions of, 1261 examination of, 41t–42t Cetirizine (Zyrtec), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t auscultation in, 483, 489f, 698–699, 699t–700t, 700f, 701 Cetrorelix (Cetrotide), for infertility, 1316t inspection in, 481, 699 Cetuximab (Erbitux), for cancer, 269t–270t palpation in, 482, 481f, 699 of head and neck, 511 percussion in, 482, 483f, 482t, 484t–485t, 701 CH50 (total hemolytic complement), 1540t–1542t sequence for, 482f Chalazion, 387 flail, 543t, 544–545, 544f Chancre, 1304f, 1304t symmetry of, 482, 481f Chantix (varenicline), 155, 156t, 155b Chest drainage. See Chest tubes. Charcoal, activated, for poisoning, 1731 Chest pain. See also Pain. Charcot foot, 1222 anginal. See Angina. Charcot’s joints, 1508Cheilitis, 890t causes of, 758t in iron-deficiency anemia, 640 emergency management of, 758t Cheilosis, 890t in aortic dissection, 849 Chelation, for thalassemia, 642 in heart failure, 779 Chemical burns, 446. See also Burns. in mitral valve prolapse, 831 management of, 453, 453t in myocardial infarction, 749f, 755 Chemical code, 145 in pericarditis, 823–826 Chemical cystitis, 1085t in pleurisy, 552 Chemical peels, 441t pulmonary embolism and, 554 Chemical pleurodesis, 552 Chest physiotherapy, 1708 Chemical pneumonitis, 522, 535 for COPD, 598–599, 598f Chemical weapons, 1734, 1734t for cystic fibrosis, 608–609 Chemo brain, 262t–263t, 1289 for respiratory failure, 1708 Chemoembolization, for liver cancer, 1059 in bronchiectasis, 611 Chemoreceptor(s) in COPD, 598–599 cardiac, 694 in cystic fibrosis, 608–609 in respiration, 475–476 in respiratory failure, 1707–1708 Chemoreceptor trigger zone, 941, 941f Chest retractions, in respiratory failure, 1705 Chemotaxis, 170 Chest surgery. See Thoracic surgery. Chemotherapy, 254–258. See also specific drugs and cancers. Chest trauma, 541–542, 541t–542t, 543f administration of, 256–258, 257t blunt, 541, 541t–542t agents in, 255t–256t chest tube for, 545–547 blood-brain barrier and, 1447–1448 chylothorax and, 544 23 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

emergency management of, 542t Cholesterol, 702, 703t–707t, 708, 741. See also Hyperlipidemia; flail chest and, 543t, 544–545, 544f Lipids/lipoproteins. hemothorax and, 543t, 544 serumt, 896t penetrating, 541, 541t–542t Cholesterol absorption inhibitors, 746, 747t pneumothorax and, 542–544, 543t, 543f Cholestyramine (Questran) respiratory complications in, 551t for hyperlipidemia, 747t rib fractures and, 544 for pruritus, in gallbladder disease, 1071 tension pneumothorax and, 543–544, 543t, 543f Choline magnesium trisalicylate (Trilisate), 122, 122t Chest tubes, 545–547 Cholinergic crisis, 1476, 1476t clamping of, 547 Cholinergics dislodgment of, 554 for GERD, 951 flutter (Heimlich) valve for, 546, 546f for glaucoma, 399t–400t insertion of, 545–546, 545f Cholinesterase inhibitors, for Alzheimer’s disease, 1489, 1490f, 1491 nursing management of, 547–548, 547t Chondroitin sulfate, 86t pleural drainage systems for, 546–547, 545f Chondromas, of lung, 541 removal of, 548 Chondrosarcoma, 1585f, 1585t specimen collection from, 547t Chordae tendinae, 690, 691f Chest wall Chordee, 1362 disorders of, respiratory failure in, 1703 Chordoma, 1585t examination of, 480–485 Chorea, 1384 landmarks on, 471f, 699, 700f Sydenham’s, 828 retractions of, in respiratory failure, 1705 Choroid, 365f, 367 structure of, 471f, 476 Chromosome(s), 189–190 Chest wall oscillation, 599 Philadelphia, 670, 672 Chest x-ray, 487t–488t Chronic atrophic pyelonephritis, 1101 in cardiovascular assessment, 703t–707t, 708, 708f Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, 1234, 1234f in infective endocarditis, 821 Chronic bronchiolitis, in cystic fibrosis, 606Chronic bronchitis, in lung cancer, 538 584. See also Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). in pericarditis, 824, 825f acute exacerbation of, 520 in pneumonia, 523 Chronic constrictive pericarditis, 826 in tuberculosis, 530 Chronic fatigue syndrome, 1632t, 1634 Cheyne-Stokes respiration, 141, 481, 1400f vs. fibromyalgia syndrome, 1632t Chinese medicine, traditional, 82, 83t Chronic glomerulonephritis, 1105–1106 Chlamydial infections, 1311 case study of, 1313b conjunctival, 387–388 Chronic hereditary nephritis, 1115 sexually transmitted, 1305–1306, 1306t Chronic illness, 57–59 Chloral hydrate (Somnote), 154t, 162 anemia of, 641t, 644 Chlordiazepoxide (Librium), abuse of, 154t, 162 caregiver support in, 60 Chlorhexidine, for central line site care, 310–311 crisis prevention/management in, 58 Chloride balance, regulation of, 1078 impact of, 57, 58t Chloromas, 626t–627t, 670 in older adults, 61–63. See also Older adults. Chlorothiazide (Diuril) nursing management of, 59–60 for cirrhosis, 1053t overview of, 57, 58t for hypertension, 724t–727t prevention of, 58–59 Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t psychosocial adaptation in, 58 Chlorthalidone (Hygroton), for hypertension, 724t–727t self-management in, 60 Chocolate cysts, 1329 seven tasks of, 57, 59t Cholangiocarcinoma, 1059 sleep disturbances in, 101–102, 103t Cholangiography, 891t–894t symptom control in, 58 percutaneous transhepatic, 1069 trajectory of, 57–58, 59f, 59t Cholangiopancreatography, magnetic resonance, 891t–894t treatment of, 58, 59t Cholangitis, 1068–1069 types of, 57–58 primary sclerosing, 1045 Chronic kidney disease, 1141–1149 Cholecystectomy, 884t, 1071–1072, 1070t, 1073t case study of, 1195b Cholecystitis, 1068, 1070t, 1072t clinical manifestations of, 1166t, 1142–1145, 1143f Cholecystoduodenostomy, 1070t cardiovascular, 1142–1143, 1144 Cholecystokinin, 880, 880t, 924t gastrointestinal, 1144 in obesity, 924t hematologic, 1143–1144 Cholecystostomy, 884t, 1070t integumentary, 1145 Choledochojejunostomy, 884t metabolic, 1142 Choledocholithiasis, 1069 musculoskeletal, 1144–1145 Choledocholithotomy, 884t, 1070t neurologic, 1144 Cholelithiasis, 1068, 1067f, 1069t–1070t, 1072t psychologic, 1145 gender differences in, 1068b reproductive, 1145 ultrasonography of, 892f respiratory, 1144 Cholesteatoma, 404 urologic, 1171 24 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

collaborative care for, 1146–1149, 1146t patient teaching for, 581t, 597t, 603t definition of, 1170–1171 planning in, 602 diagnosis of, 1145–1146, 1146t psychosocial considerations in, 605 drug therapy for, 1146–1148 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Continued) for anemia, 1147–1148 pulmonary rehabilitation for, 604 for CKD–mineral and bone disorder, 1147 respiratory failure in, 590, 1703, 1705 for hyperkalemia, 1147 sexuality and, 605 for hypertension, 1147 sleep problems in, 605–606 drug-related, 1148 smoking and, 585, 585t, 592 end-stage renal disease and, 1141–1142 stages of, 588f in diabetes mellitus, 1220 surgery for, 597 in older adults, 1165–1167 vs. asthma, 568t nursing care plan for, 1151b–1152b Chronic painless thyroiditis, 1234 nursing management of, 1149 Chronic pancreatitis, 1064t, 1065–1066 nutritional therapy for, 1148–1149, 1148t–1149t Chronic pelvic pain patient teaching for, 1150t in females, 1327–1328 prevention of, 1146t in males, 1361 race/ethnicity and, 1146t Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, 1361 renal transplant for, 1160–1163 Chronic pyelonephritis, 1101 risk factors for, 1146t Chronic stable angina, 7748–754, 749t. See also Angina. stages of, 1142t acute intervention in, 738 uremia in, 1142 ambulatory and home care for, 762 vs. acute kidney injury, 1136t collaborative care for, 750–754, 751f, 750t, 771b Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder, 1144, 1145f, nursing management of, 761–770 1147 Chronic venous insufficiency, 862, 869–870 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 669–670, 669t, 672t. See also Chvostek’s sign, 298, 298f Leukemia. Chylomicrons, 708 Chronic myelogenous leukemia, 670, 669t, 672t. See also Leukemia. Chylothorax, 544 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 584–602 Chyme, 880 acute intervention in, 604 Cialis (tadalafil) acute respiratory failure in, 590 for erectile dysfunction, 1368 airway clearance techniques for, 598–599, 608–609 nitrates and, 784 alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency in, 585–586, 586b Ciclesonide (Alvesco, Omnaris) ambulatory and home care for, 604–606 for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t anxiety in, 590–591 for asthma, 571, 573t–574t assessment in, 602, 600t Cigarette smoking. See Smoking. body mass index in, 591 Cilia, 476 breathing retraining for, 597–598 Ciliary body, 364–366 case study of, 612b Cimetidine (Tagamet) chest examination in, 486t for peptic ulcers, 968 chest physiotherapy for, 598, 598f for upper GI bleeding, 960t classification of, 589 Cimzia. See Certolizumab (Cimzia). clinical manifestations of, 588–589 Cinacalcet (Sensipar), for hyperparathyroidism, 1246 collaborative care for, 591t, 591–602 in chronic kidney disease, 1147 cor pulmonale and, 589–591, 589f Cingulate herniation, 1394f, 1396 coughing in, 565 Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) effective, 598, 598t for osteomyelitis, 1582 depression in, 590 side effects of, 1583 diagnosis of, 591, 591t Circadian rhythms, 101–102 drug therapy for, 592–594 disturbances of, 107 dyspnea in, 591, 605 in nurses, 111–112 end-of-life care in, 606, 606b in hormone secretion, 1174, 1174f etiology of, 585–587 Circle of Willis, 1378, 1425, 1425f exacerbations of, 590 Circulating nurse, 332 exercise in, 604 Circulation gender differences in, 585, 585b bronchial, 473 genetic factors in, 586, 586b cardiac, 691f health promotion for, 602 cerebral, 1378–1379, 1425, 1425f implementation in, 602–606 collateral, 1425 in older adults, 586 collateral, 738, 740f, 755 lung volume reduction surgery for, 548t cerebral, 1425 mechanical ventilation in, 1664–1665 in coronary artery disease, 738, 740f, 755 nursing care plan for, 600b–602b coronary, 691, 791f nursing diagnoses for, 602–605 gastrointestinal, 877 nursing management of, 602–606 in emergency assessment, 1722–1723, 1722t nutrition in, 599–602 portal, 881 pathophysiology of, 587–588, 586f–587f pulmonary, 472 25 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

renal, 1076–1077 Clostridial food poisoning, 979t, 983t Circulatory assist devices, 781, 783, 791, 1652–1654 Clostridium botulinum, 1507 Circumcision, 1362 Clostridium tetani, 1507 Circumduction, 1538 Clot retraction time, 630t Cirrhosis Clotting, 619–621 cardiac, 1046 clot lysis in, 621, 621f hepatic, 1046–1054 complementary and alternative therapies and, 864b ambulatory and home care for, 1059 extrinsic pathway in, 620, 620f ascites in, 1047, 1047f–1048f, 1048t, 1049 intrinsic pathway in, 620, 620fplatelet plug formation in, 620 case study of, 1073b–1074b steps in, 620f clinical manifestations of, 1045–1046, 1046f vascular response in, 619–620 collaborative care for, 1049–1052, 1050t Clotting disorders diagnosis of, 1049, 1049t hemophilia, 657, 657–659, 657t, 657b, 658f, 659t drug therapy for, 1052t in cirrhosis, 1047 edema in, 1047 Von Willebrand’s disease, 657–659, 657t esophageal/gastric varices in, 1047, 1050, 1058 Clotting factors, 620, 620f, 621t etiology of, 1046 for hemophilia, 659, 659t hepatic encephalopathy in, 1048, 1048t–1049t inhibitors of, 659 hepatorenal syndrome in, 1049 Clotting studies, 629, 630t, in nonalcoholic steatosis, 1045–1046 Clubbing, digital, 481, 484t–485t, 699t–700t liver cancer and, 1060 Cluster breathing, 1400f nursing care plan for, 1055b–1056b Cluster headaches, 1450t, 1449–1450, 1453t, 1451. See also nursing management of, 1053–1057, 1054t Headaches. nutritional therapy for, 1039 Coagulation. See Clotting. pathophysiology of, 1046, 1045f Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis, 535t, 534 patient teaching for, 1057t Cobalamin. See Vitamin B12. portal hypertension in, 1046–1047 primary biliary, 1044 Cocaine, 153t–154t, 160, 161t Citrucel (methylcellulose), for constipation, 989t Coccidioidomycosis, 433, 433t CKD–mineral and bone disorder, 1144, 1145f, 1147 Cochlea, 374, 375f Clarinex (desloratadine), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Cochlear implants, 410, 410f Clarithromycin (Biaxin), for H. pylori infection, 963t Cochrane, Archie, 6–7 Claritin (loratidine), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Codeine, 124t Clark level, 428–429 abuse of, 154t, 161–162 Coenzyme Q10, 86t Cognitive changes Classification systems, 8 after stroke, 1430–1431 Claw toe, 1594t, 1595f hormone replacement therapy for, 1324b Clean-catch urine specimen, 1086t–1090t, 1096 in cancer, 262t–263t, 1289 Clemastine (Tavist), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t in dementia. See Dementia. Cleocin. See Clindamycin. in multiple sclerosis, 1465 Clevidipine (Cleviprex), for hypertension, 724t–727t in older adults, 62, 62t Clindamycin (Clindesse), for bacterial vaginosis, 1326t in systemic lupus erythematosus, 1624 Clinical decision making, 4–5 postoperative, 352–353 Clinical nurse leader, 4 in older adults, 360 Clinical (critical) pathways, 17–18 Cognitive-behavioral therapy Clitoris, 1261f, 1261 for insomnia, 102 Clodronate (Bonefos), for osteoporosis, 1596 for narcolepsy, 107 Clomiphene (Clomid, Serophene), 1316t, 1332 for pain, 132 Clonal disorders, 667 Cognitive-perceptual pattern, 37t, 38 Clonic seizures, 1456 Cogwheel rigidity, in Parkinson’s disease, 1471 Clonidine (Catapres, Duraclon), 735b Coiling, for aneurysms, 1435, 1435f for hypertension, 724t–727t Colace (docusate), for constipation, 989t for pain, 126t, 127 Colchicine, for gout, 1621 for smoking cessation, 155–156, 156t Cold sores, 432t, 945t, 1307, 1307f Clopidogrel (Plavix) Cold therapy. See Cryotherapy. for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t for intermittent claudication, 853 Colds, 495–496 for pain, 126t, 127 Colectomy, 884t for smoking cessation, 155–156, 156t in proctocolectomy Clopidogrel (Plavix) with continent ileostomy, 1003 for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t with permanent ileostomy, 1003 for intermittent claudication, 853for peripheral arterial disease, 853 total, with ileoanal reservoir, 1003, 1016–1017with ileoanal for stroke, 1431, 1433 reservoir, 1003, 1003f, 1016–1017 Closed pneumothorax, 542 Colera, 31t Closed suction technique, 1658, 1658f Colesevelam (WelChol), 747t Clostridial diarrhea, 982–984 Colestipol (Colestid), 747t 26 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Colic radiation therapy for, 1014 biliary, 1068 risk factors for, 1011, 1011t renal, 1078 screening for, 891t–894t, 892, 986–987, 1010–1013 in nephrolithiasis, 1110 staging of, 1013, 1013t Collaborative problems, 13 surgery for, 1013–1014. See also Colostomy. Collateral circulation, 738, 749f, 755–756 Color-flow imaging, cardiac, 709 cerebral, 1424 Colostomy, 884t, 1014–1015, 1016t. See also Ostomy. in coronary artery disease, 737, 740f, 754–755 ascending, 1016f Collecting ducts, 1078t care of, 1018–1021 College students, alcohol use by, 1046b definition of, 1015 Colles’ fracture, 1565 descending, 1016f Colloidal oncotic pressure, 285 double-barreled, 1016, 1016f Colloids, 307 end, 1004, 1016 Colon. See also Bowel. indications for, 884t cancer of. See Colorectal cancer. irrigation of, 1016t, 1018–1021 in older adults, 881–882, 883t loop, 1004, 1016, 1017f obstruction of, 1005–1009, 1008t nursing care plan for, 1019b–1020b polyps of, 1010–1011, 1010f, 1010t pouches for, 1018, 1021 structures and functions of, 877f, 881–882, 882f sigmoid, 1016f x-ray studies of, 891–892, 891f, 891t–894t single-barrel, 1016f Colonic J-pouch, 1003f, 1014 types of, 1016f Colonoscopy, 891t–894, 892, 986–987, 1010–1013 vs. ileostomy, 1016t bowel cleansing for, 1015 Colporrhaphy, 1341 virtual, 891t–894t, 892 Colposcopy, 1272–1275, 1333 Colony-stimulating factors, 197t, 199t Colyte (polyethylene glycol), for constipation, 989t for cancer, 271–272, 271t Coma Coloplasty, 1014 definition of, 1393 Color vision, testing of, 370t, 373 diabetic. See Diabetic ketoacidosis. Colorectal cancer, 1011–1014 myxedema, 1241 biologic and targeted therapy for, 1014 respiration in, 1400f Combigan (timolol/brimonidine), for glaucoma, 399t–400t chemotherapy for, 1014 Combivent (ipratropium/albuterol), for asthma, 573t–574t, 572 clinical manifestations of, 1011–1012, 1012fcollaborative care in, Combunox. See Oxycodone. 1012t, 1013–1014 Comedo, 421t diagnosis of, 1012–1013, 1012t Commissurotomy, 834 etiology of, 1011 Common carotid artery, 1379f hereditary nonpolyposis, 1011, 1011b Common cold, 495–497 nursing management of, 1014–1015, 1014t Communication. See also Speech. pathophysiology of, 1011, 1011f active listening in, 47 pathophysiology of, 1011, 1011f cultural factors in, 23, 26–27, 30–33, 31t–32t radiation therapy for, 1015 empathy in, 47 risk factors for, 1011, 1011t in critical care, 1640 screening for, 891t–894t, 892 in end-of-life care, 147 staging of, 1013, 1013t in endotracheal intubation, 1659 surgery for, 1013–1014. See also Colostomy. in hearing loss, 407 Color-flow imaging, cardiac, 709 in pain management, 132–133 Colostomy, 884t, 1014–1015. See also Ostomy. in patient teaching, 47–48 ascending, 1016f in stroke patients, 1430, 1444, 1447 care of, 1018–1021 nonverbal, 26, 47–48 definition of, 1015 SBAR model for, 5, 6t descending, 1016 silence and, 26, 30 double-barreled, 1016, 1016f stroke and, 1443, 1446 end, 1004, 1016 with foreign language speakers, 30, 30t–31t indications for, 884t with tracheostomy, 503t–504t, 507–509, 509f–510f irrigation of, 1016t, 1018–1021 Community emergency response teams, 1734–1735 loop, 1004, 1016, 1017f Community-acquired pneumonia, 521, 522t. See also Pneumonia. nursing care plan for, 1019b–1020bpouches for, 1018, 1021 Community-based long-term care, 76t. See also Long-term care. sigmoid, 1016f Community-based nursing, 73 single-barrel, 1016f ambulatory care in, 75, 75t types of, 1016f consumerism and, 74 vs. ileostomy, 1016t continuum of care in, 74–75 Colporrhaphy, 1341 demographic trends and, 74 Colposcopy, 1272t–1275t, 1333 health care reform and, 74 Colyte (polyethylene glycol), for constipation, 891t demographic trends and, 81 Coma health promotion and prevention and, 74 definition of, 1393 home health care in, 75–77. See also Home health care. diabetic. See Diabetic ketoacidosis. long-term care in, 75, 76t. See also Long-term care. 27 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

nursing roles in, 75 patient teaching for, 86 overview of, 73 popularity of, 82 practice settings in, 74–76, 75t–76t, 78t preoperative assessment for, 317, 318b socioeconomic factors and, 74 safety and effectiveness of, 82, 86 technology in, 74 terminology of, 82 vs. public health nursing, 73 traditional Chinese medicine and, 82–83, 83t vs. Western biomedical model, 81, 82t whole medical systems and, 82–83 Comparative genomic hybridization, 632t, 633 Complete blood count, 628–631, 629t Compartment syndrome, 1725 Complete heart block, 802t, 806f, 807 abdominal, 994, 1679 Complex regional pain syndrome, 118 in musculoskeletal injuries, 1564, 1564f Compliance (physiologic) Competence, 792b intracranial pressure and, 1393, 1393f guardianship and, 953b pulmonary, 473 Complement, total hemolytic, 1540t–1541t Compliance (therapeutic), ethical aspects of, 834b Complement system Complicated grief, 142 in hypersensitivity reactions, 202t Composite urine collection, 1086t–1090t in inflammation, 172 Comprehensive assessment, 40, 41t Complementary and alternative therapies, 81 Comprehensive database, 34 assessment of, 87 Compression bandages biologic-based, 82t, 83–84 for amputation stump, 1573–1574, 1574f biomedical vs. integrative health care models and, 81–82 for strains and sprains, 1547 classification of, 82, 82t Compression fractures, vertebral, 1570 clotting and, 864b Compression stockings, 863 cultural aspects of, 30, 25, 28 Computed tomography (CT) definition of, 82 abdominal, 891t–894t dietary supplements, 84, 86t calcium-scoring, 703t–707t energy therapies, 82t, 86 cardiac, 703t–707t, 710, 710f ethical aspects of, 86, 1244b cerebral, 1386, 1388f, 1388t–1389t for Alzheimer’s disease, 1490, 1490b chest, 487t–488t for back pain, 1590b–1591b for endocrine tumors, 1184t–1187t for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 1349–1350, 1349b musculoskeletal, 1540t–1542 for breast cancer, 1295b pelvic, 1272t–1275t, 1275 for colds, 498b–499b renal, 1086t–1090t for constipation, 988 single-photon emission, 703t–707t for depression, 98b spiral (helical), for pulmonary embolism, 554 for diabetes mellitus, 1211b Computed tomography angiography, 703t–707t for dysmenorrhea, 1319 for stroke, 1430 for fecal incontinence, 987 Computers. See Technology. for headaches, 1452 Comtan (entacapone), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472 for heart failure, 782b Concentration technique, 94 for hepatitis, 1038b Concentration test, 1086t–1090t for hyperlipidemia, 746b Concept maps, 17, 16f for hypertension, 721b Concussions, 1405. See also Head injury. for insomnia, 83, 105b, 106 Condoms, 232, 1300, 1310 for macular degeneration, 396 Conduction system. See Cardiac conduction system. for menopausal symptoms, 1324, 1325b Conductive hearing loss, 374, 406–407. See also Hearing loss. for nausea and vomiting, 942–943, 943b Conductive keratoplasty, 383 for older adults, 86 Condyloid joints, 1533f for osteoarthritis, 1608, 1603 Condylomata acuminata, 1308–1309, 1309f for peripheral arterial disease, 853 Condylox (podofilox), for genital warts, 1309 for sleep problems, 86t, 104, 104b, 1315 Confidentiality, 1312b for stress, 96b, 97b Confusion Assessment Method, 1498t for urinary incontinence, 1121b Congenital syphilis, 1303 herbal supplements, 83–84, 84t–85t Congestive heart failure. See Heart failure. holistic nursing and, 82 Conization, 1272t–1275t in folk medicine, 25, 28 for cervical cancer, 1332–1333 in health history, 36 Conjunctiva, 364, 367t in nurse’s self-care, 87–88, 87t disorders of, 371t incorporating into practice, 87, 87t examination of, 372 integrative health care model and, 81–82, 82t in older adults, 367t manipulative and body-based, 82t, 84–86 Conjunctivitis, 371t, 387–388 massage, 84–86, 85t Connective tissue disorders, 1601 mind-body interventions, 82t, 83 mixed (overlapping), 1631 music therapy, 335 race/ethnicity in, 1610b nursing management of, 8–88 Consciousness, changes in, in increased intracranial pressure, 1394 overview of, 82 Consent. See Informed consent. 28 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Constipation, 881, 988–990, 990t, 991t Cor pulmonale, 556f, 558, 558t after stroke, 1430, 1441, 1444, 1445 in COPD, 587–590, 589f drug therapy for, 988–990, 989t Cordarone (amiodarone), for dysrhythmias, 809t fecal impaction and, 985–986 Cordectomy, 511, 511f fractures and, 1558–1560 Cordotomies, 130, 131f in Alzheimer’s disease, 1485 Coreg. See Carvedilol (Coreg). in cancer, 262t–263t Corgard. See Nadolol (Corgard). in dying patient, 148t–149t Corlopam (fenoldopam), for hypertension, 724t–727t in irritable bowel syndrome, 993 Cornea, 365f, 366 in multiple sclerosis, 1464, 1465 abrasion of, 371t in spinal cord injury, 1521 disorders of, 371t, 389–390 opioid-related, 125 examination of, 372 Constraint-induced movement therapy, 1445 in older adults, 367t, 368f Constulose. See Lactulose (Constulose, Cephulac). scarring of, 389–390transplantation of, 389–390, 411f Contact dermatitis, 204, 204f ulcers of, 388, 388f allergic, 425, 433, 435f Corns, 1594t irritant, 425 Coronary angiography, 703t–707t, 710 latex, 207, 208, 208t in acute coronary syndrome, 758 Contact lenses, 383, 384t Coronary arteries, 690, 691f Contact precautions, 222 calcification of, 738 Contemporary nursing practice. See Nursing practice. stents for, 753, 753f Continence, urinary, 1080–1081 complications of, 754, 759 Continuing care retirement communities, 77t. See also Long-term emergent placement of, 758–759 care. Coronary artery bypass grafting, 737, 753f, 760, 760f Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, 1154. See also Peritoneal complications of, 754, 759 dialysis. delegation for, 770b Continuous venovenous hemodialysis, 1159–1160, 1159t emergent, 737, 753, 758–759 Continuous venovenous hemofiltration, 1159, 1159t minimally invasive direct, 760 Continuous venovenous ultrafiltration, 1159–1160 nursing management of, 766 Continuous cardiac output method, 1649–1650 off-pump, 761 Continuous lateral rotation therapy, 1716, 1716f robot-assisted, 761 Continuous passive motion, 1553 Coronary artery disease, 737–743 Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), 1663 activity and exercise and, 742, 744–745 for sleep apnea, 108, 108f, 109b acute coronary syndrome and, 754–755, 754f Continuous renal replacement therapy, 1159–1160, 1159t, angina in, 748–750, 754f, 755. See also Angina. 1159fContinuous venovenous hemodialysis, 1159–1160, 1159t, balloon angioplasty for, 753, 754f 1159f cardiac catheterization for, 753 Continuous venovenous hemofiltration, 1159–1160, 1159t, 1159f collaborative care for, 743–748, 750–754, 751f, 750t Continuous venovenous ultrafiltration, 1159–1160, 1159f collateral circulation in, 738, 740f, 755 Contraceptives, 1268 complicated lesions in, 738, 739f barrier, 232, 1300, 1310 diabetes mellitus and, 745 oral. See Oral contraceptives. diagnosis of, 751f sexually transmitted diseases and, 1301 drug therapy for Contractility, 1642–1643 ACE inhibitors in, 750t, 753 Contractures, 179t, 1539t, 1562t antiplatelet agents in 747, 762t burn, 465, 466f aspirin in, 751t, 747 flexion, after amputation, 1573 beta-adrenergic blockers in, 752t, 753 Volkmann’s ischemic, 1564, 1564f calcium channel blockers in, 752t, 753 wound, 179t lipid-lowering drugs in, 745–748, 746b, 747t Contrast media nitrates in, 752t, 750–753sodium current inhibitors in, 745t, 753 for abdominal imaging, 889 etiology of, 737–738 implanted infusion ports for, 309–310 exercise and, 742, 744–745 metformin and, 1209–1210 family history of, 739 nephrotoxicity of, 1140 fatty streaks in, 738, 739fgender differences in, 740, 740b, 754, Contusions, brain, 1406, 1406f 754b Conus medullaris syndrome, 1510 genetic factors in, 740, 741b Coombs test, 631t health disparities in, 740b Cooper-Rand artificial larynx, 516 health promotion for, 743–744 Coordinated walking, 604 homocysteine and, 743 COPD. See Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). hyperlipidemia and, 738, 739b Copegus (ribavirin), for hepatitis C, 1039, 1039b hypertension and, 718, 741 Coping, 93 in older adults, 747 emotion-focused, 93 metabolic syndrome and, 743 problem-focused, 93 myocardial infarction and, 738, 753f, 754–756 Coping flexibility, 94Coping resources, 93 nursing management of, 743–748 Coping strategies, 94, 94t. See also Stress management. nutrition and, 745, 745t Coping-stress tolerance pattern, 37t, 39, 97, 97t obesity and, 742–743 29 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

pathophysiology of, 738, 739f–740f in stress response, 91 patient teaching for, 744t Cortisol, 1177 plaque in, 738, 739f deficiency of, 1229 psychosocial factors in, 743 excess of, in Cushing syndrome, 1247–1249 race/ethnicity and, 740, 740b in fluid and electrolyte balance, 287, 287f risk factors for, 738–743, 740t measurement of, 1184t–1187t risk management for, 744risk reduction for, 744t, 750 secretion of, 1174f risk screening for, 743silent ischemia in, 749 Corvert (ibutilide), for dysrhythmias, 809t smoking and, 742 Coryza, acute, 497–498 stages of, 738, 739f Cosmetic procedures, 441t, 442–443 stents for, 753, 753f face-lift, 442–443, 444flaser surgery, 442 stress and, 743 liposuction, 443 substance abuse and, 743 nonsurgical, 441t sudden cardiac death and, 770 nursing management of, 443–444 Coronary circulation, 690, 691f rhinoplasty, 494 Coronary microvascular disease, 749, 749t Cosopt (timolol maleate/dorzolamide), for glaucoma, 399t–400t Coronary revascularization Costovertebral angle, 1084, 1084f bypass grafting in, 753, 753f, 754, 754f. See also Coronary artery pain at, in urinary tract infections, 1100 bypass grafting. Cotazym (pancrelipase), for chronic pancreatitis, 1065–1066 delegation for, 770b Cough(ing) transmyocardial laser, 761 assessment of, 478–479 Corrective lenses, 383 assisted (augmented), 1519, 1707–1708, 1708f Correctol (phenolphthalein), for constipation, 989t huff, 598, 598t, 1707 Cortical bone, 1530 in acute bronchitis, 521 Corticosteroids in asthma, 565 definition of, 1177, 1247 in bronchiectasis, 611 endogenous, 1172t, 1177 in COPD, 587, 598, 598tin lung cancer, 538 Cushing syndrome and, 1247–1248 in pertussis, 521 types of, 1247 postoperative, 350, 350f exogenous, 1253–1254 staged, 1708 administration of, 1254 whooping, 220t, 521 collaborative care for, 1254 Cough reflex, 476 Cushing syndrome and, 1247–1248 Coumadin. See Warfarin (Coumadin). for Addison’s disease, 1252–1253 Counterpulsation, 781, 783, 1652–1654, 1652t–1653 for adrenalectomy, 1250–1251 Counterregulatory hormones, 1190 for allergic rhinitis, 494, 496t–497t Couplets, 807 for arthritis, 1605t–1607t Covera-HS (verapamil), for hypertension, 724t–726t for asthma, 569–570, 573t–574tfor Bell’s palsy, 1504 Cowper’s glands, 1259f for cancer, 255t–256t COX inhibitors, 117, 122, 123f, 123t for connective tissue disorders, 1605t–1607t Coxibs, 122–123, 123t for COPD, 594 Cozaar. See Losartan (Cozaar). for immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 665–666 CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure), 1663 for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002, 1002t for sleep apnea, 108f, 109b, 110 for multiple myeloma, 678 Crackles, 484, 484t–485t for myasthenia gravis, 1476–1477 Cramps for nephrotic syndrome, 1105 heat, 1726–1727 for pain, 114 in hemodialysis, 1158 for polymyositis/dermatomyositis, 1631 Cranberry, for urinary tract infections, 1095–1097 for respiratory failure, 1708 Cranial nerves, 1376–1377, 1377f, 1377t for rheumatoid arthritis, 1614 disorders of, 1501 for sinusitis, 496t–497t examination of, 1382, 1386t for skin disorders, 439 in neurologic assessment, 1399–1400 for spinal cord injury, 1515 Cranial radiation, prophylactic, in lung cancer, 539 for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1605t–1607t, 1623 Cranial surgery, 1414–1415 for transplantation, 214t, 1165 for brain tumors, 1411 gastritis and, 962 for seizures, 1459–1460, 1460t in older adults, 1618–1619 indications for, 1413t, 1414 indications for, 1253t nursing management of, 1414–1415 intralesional, 439 types of, 1413t, 1414–1415 intravenous, 1709 Craniometry, 1413t, 1414 nursing management of, 1254 Craving, 153t osteoporosis from, 1254, 1596patient teaching for, 1254t cue-induced, 155 physiologic effects of, 1253 C-reactive protein, 1540t–1542t side effects of, 439, 1165, 1253–1254, 1254t, 1618–1619 coronary artery disease and, 737 stress response and, 91 in cardiac assessment, 702, 728t–732t topical, 439 Creams, 441 Corticotropin-releasing hormone, 1177 Creatine kinase 30 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

in muscle disorders, 1540–1542t Cryptosporidiosis, 983t in myocardial infarction, 757, 757f CT. See Computed tomography. Creatinine, 1086t–1090t, 1092 C-type natriuretic peptide, 702, 703t–707t in chronic kidney disease, 1143 Cue-induced craving, 155 serum, vs. glomerular filtration rate, 1146, 1146t Culdocentesis, 1272t–1275t Creatinine clearance, 1086t–1090t, 1092 Culdoscopy, 1272t–1275t Crepitation, 1539t Culdotomy, 1272t–1275t in osteoarthritis, 1602 Cullen’s sign, 995, 1062–1063 CREST signs, 1628–1629 Cultural assessment, 24, 29–31, 30t Crestor (rosuvastatin), 747t for surgical patient, 354 Cretinism, 1240 Cultural competence, 24, 25t. See also Culturally competent care. Cricoid pressure, in rapid-sequence intubation, 1721, 1721f components of, 24, 30t Critical care nursing, 1638 Cultural diversity, in health care workplace, 24–25, 30–31 agitation in, 1429, 1438 Cultural imposition, 24 anxiety in, 1640 Culturally competent care, 4, 36 artificial airways in, 1655–1657 advocacy in, 31, 31t caregiver needs in, 1641–1642 assessment in, 36 circulatory assist devices in, 1695–1698 communication in, 24, 29–31, 30t, 31t common problems in, 1640–1641 family issues in, 27 cultural aspects of, 1642–1652 for breast cancer, 1290 delirium in, 1641, 1666 for diabetes mellitus, 1206 endotracheal intubation in, 1655–1657 for menopausal symptoms, 1325 hemodynamic monitoring in, 1642 for older adults, 63 impaired communication in, 1641 for prostate cancer, 1360 nurse’s responsibilities in, 1639–1640 health history in, 36 nutritional therapy in, 1640 implementation in, 30–32 pain management in, 1640–1641 health history in, 36 patient characteristics in, 1640–1641 implementation in, 29–32 sedation in, 1403, 1404 in critical care, 1642–1652 sensory overload in, 1641 in end-of-life care, 143 sleep problems in, 106, 1641 in home health care, 77 Critical care units, 1638–1639 nurse’s self-assessment in, 28–29 electronic (virtual), 1638 patient assessment in, 24, 29–32, 30t Critical limb ischemia, 853 preeoperative, 327 Critical (clinical) pathways, 17–18 standardized guidelines for, 30 Critical thinking, 4 Culture, 22–23 Crohn’s disease, 998–1004, 1000f. See also Inflammatory bowel acculturation and, 23, 26–27 disease. assimilation and, 23 vs. ulcerative colitis, 999t asthma and, 563b, 582 Cromolyn (Intal, Nasalcrom) auditory problems and, 383b for allergic disorders, 207 basic characteristics of, 23t for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t biculturalism and, 23 Crossing over, 205 cancer and, 242, 242b Crossmatching, 213 of breast, 1290, 1290b Crush injuries, 1725 of female reproductive tract, 1332b Crutches, 1563 of lung, 536b Crutchfield tongs, 1516, 1519fCryoablation communication and, 24, 26–27, 30–33, 31t for atrial fibrillation, 805 critical care and, 1642–1652 for breast fibroadenomas, 1280 definition of, 22diabetes mellitus and, 1206 for liver cancer, 1059 diet and, 27, 879–880, 901 Cryoplasty, for peripheral arterial disease, 854 end-of-life care and, 1642 Cryoprecipitate ethnicity and, 23, 23t . See also Race/ethnicity. for hemophilia, 649, 661, 660 family roles and relationships and, 27 transfusion of, 681t folk healers and, 25, 28–29 Cryosurgery, 440 health beliefs and practices and, 25–28, 25t–26t gynecologic, 1266t health care and, 21–23, 25–33, 30t. See also Culturally competent Cryotherapy care; Health disparities. for cervical cancer, 1332 health disparities and, 21–22, 24–25, 29–32, 30t. See also Health for inflammation, 175 disparities. for lung cancer, 539 health literacy and, 50 for osteoarthritis, 1604 immigration and, 27–28 for pain, 132, 132t menopause and, 1323 for prostate cancer, 1357 obesity and, 923t for rheumatoid arthritis, 1617–1618 patient teaching and, 50 for strains and sprains, 1545 personal space and, 27 Cryptococcosis, 533, 533t preoperative care and, 327 Cryptorchidism, 1364 psychosomatic disease and, 27, 29 31 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

race and, 22–23, 23t pathophysiology of, 606–607 religion and spirituality and, 25, 26t planning in, 610 stereotyping and, 23 race/ethnicity and, 563b subcultures and, 22 Cystine stones, 1109t. See also Urinary calculi. touch and, 27 Cystitis, 1094, 1094f transcultural nursing and, 23 chemical, 1085t tuberculosis and, 528b hemorrhagic, in cancer, 262t–263t vision problems and, 383b interstitial, 1102–1103 Culture-bound syndromes, 28, 29, 29t Cystocele, 1266t, 1340, 1340f Cultured epithelial autografts, 463, 463f Cystogram, 1086t–1090tCystometrogram, 1086t–1090t Cultures Cystoscopy, 1086t–1090t, 1089f blood, 222b Cystotomy, 1111 cervical, 1272t–1275t, 1275 Cytadren (aminoglutethimide), for breast cancer, 1289t, 1290 skin, 423t Cytokines, 92–93, 197–198 stool, 891t–894t, 1275 clinical uses of, 197–198, 199t urethral, 1272t–1275t, 1275 in fever, 173, 173f urine, 1086t–1091t, 1096 in inflammation, 172, 172t, 197 sensitivity testing and, 1096 types and functions of, 198t vaginal, 1272t–1275t, 1275 Cytomegalovirus infection, 523 wound, 183 after renal transplant, 1164 Cumulative trauma disorders, 1547 retinal, 400–401 Cuprimine (penicillamine), for arthritis/connective tissue disease, Cytoprotectants, for peptic ulcers, 969 1605t–1607t Cytotec (misoprostol), 967–969 Curanderos, 25 for induced abortion, 1317, 1317t Curettage, 440, 440f Cytotoxic cerebral edema, 1393 Curling’s ulcer, 459t, 462 Cytotoxic T cells, 196, 248, 248f Cushing disease, 1247 in cancer, 248, 248f Cushing syndrome, 1247–1249, 1247t–1249t, 1248f–1249f Cytoxan. See Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Neosar). Cushing’s triad, 1395 Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, 428t, 438 Cutaneous ureterostomy, 1128t Cyanide poisoning, 1731t D Cyanocobalamin, for pernicious anemia, 644 Daclizumab (Zenapax), for transplantation, 214t, 215 Cyanosis, 416, 419t, 421t, 481, 484t–485t, 627t–628t, 669t–700t Dacogen (decitabine), for myelodysplastic syndrome, 668–669 in dark-skinned patients, 419t, 421–422 Dalteparin (Fragmin) Cyclogyl (cyclopentolate), for pupillary dilation, 392t for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, 122–123, 123f, 123t for venous thromboembolism, 863t, 854 Cyclopentolate (AK-Pentolate, Cyclogyl, Ocu-Pentolate, Pentolair), for Danazol (Danocrine), for immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 656 pupillary dilation, 392t Daranide (dichlorphenamide), for glaucoma, 399t Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Neosar) Darbepoetin α (Aranesp), for cancer, 271–272, 271t for aplastic anemia, 646 Dark-field microscopy, 1274t–1275t for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1605t–1607t, 1612, 1623 Darvon (propoxyphene), 125 for transfusions, 214t Dasatinib (Sprycel), for cancer, 269t–270t Cycloplegics, 391, 392t DASH eating plan, 721–722, 720t Cyclosporine (Sandimmune, Neoral, Gengraf) Data collection, 11, 34–36. See also Assessment; Health history for aplastic anemia, 646 Database, 34–36 for transplantation, 213–214, 214t comprehensive, 34 Cyklokapron (tranexamic acid), for hemophilia, 650, 660t Dawn phenomenon, 1199 Cypionate (Depo-Testosterone), for andropausal symptoms, 1369 Day care, adult, 65 Cyst(s), 421t D&C. See Dilation and curettage (D&C) breast, 1279t, 1280 DDAVP (desmopressin acetate). See Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) chocolate, 1329 D-dimer test, 555, 630t, 663 ganglion, 1539t DDP-4 inhibitor, for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 ovarian, 1331, 1331f Deafness. See Hearing loss. pilonidal, 890t Death, 141. See also End-of-life care. Cystectomy, with urinary diversion, 1129–1131. See also Ileostomy. brain, 141 Cystic fibrosis, 606–609 definition of, 141 assessment in, 610t determination of, 141 clinical manifestations of, 607 Death rattle, 141 collaborative care for, 608–609 Debridement, 177-178, 182t, 1575 complications of, 607–608 of burns, 457, 458f, 462 diagnosis of, 608 of open fractures, 1563-1564 etiology of, 606–607 Decerebrate posturing, 1395, 1395f, 1403 genetic aspects of, 606–607, 606b Decibel levels, 407, 408t implementation in, 610 Decitabine (Dacogen), for myelodysplastic syndrome, 668–669 nursing diagnoses for, 609–610 Deconditioning, in older adults, 68 nursing management of, 609–610 32 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Decongestants Demand analgesia, 130 for allergic disorders, 206 Dementia, 1482–1485 for allergic rhinitis, 495, 496t-497t Alzheimer’s. See Alzheimer’s disease. Decorticate posturing, 1395, 1395f, 1403 clinical manifestations of, 1483–1484, 1484t Decortication, 548t, 552 collaborative care for, 1484 Decubitus ulcers, 183–185, 184t diagnosis of, 1484–1485 Deep brain stimulation, for Parkinson’s disease, 1473 etiology of, 1482 1483f, 1484t Deep breathing, postoperative, 350 falls in, 1494b Deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap, 1317t, 1297 frontotemporal, 1495–1496 Deep tendon reflexes, 1387t gender differences in, 1486b Deep vein thrombosis, 552, 859. See also Venous thromboembolism. Lewy body, 1495 after stroke, 1438 memory loss in, 1483–1484 in spinal cord injury, 1514 nursing management of, 1484, 1497–1499 prevention of, 555 pathophysiology of, 1482 Defecation, 880. See also under Elimination; Fecal; Stool. patient management in, 1496t position for, 990 restraints in, 70–71 Valsalva maneuver in, 988 safety concerns in, 1494 Defibrillation, 810–811, 810f severity of, 1483, 1484tt implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for, 811, 811f vascular, 1483 safety concerns for, 811b vs. delirium, 1483t, 1497 Defining characteristics, 12–13 vs. depression, 1483t, 1484 Degarelix, for prostate cancer, 1359t, 1369 Dementia paralytica, 1508 Degenerative disk disease (DDD), 1589–1592 Demerol (meperidine), 125 Deglutition. See Swallowing. abuse of, 154t, 161–162 Dehiscence, 179f, 179t, 347 Demyelination, in multiple sclerosis, 1464, 1465f Dehydration, 289 Dendrites, 1372, 1373f in dying patient, 148t–149t Dendritic cells, 196 Delatest (enanthate), for andropausal symptoms, 1369 Dengue fever, 220t Delayed emergence, from anesthesia, 353 Dental procedures, antibiotic prophylaxis for, 821, 821t, 821b Delegation, 14–15, 15t, 15b Depakote (valproic acid), for migraine prevention, 1453 in Alzheimer’s disease, 1497b Depen (penicillamine), for arthritis/connective tissue disease, 1605t– in assessment, 43b 1607t in bladder irrigation, 1359b Dependence, substance, 152, 153t in cardiac catheterization, 770b on opioids, 133 in cast/traction care, 1578b physical, 153t in diabetes mellitus, 1223b psychologic, 153t in enteral nutrition, 913b Depolarization, 692 in fluid therapy, 307b Depo-Provera. See Medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera, Provera). in health history, 43b Depo-Testosterone (cypionate), for andropausal symptoms, 1369 in implementation, 14–15, 15t, 15b Depressants, abuse of, 161 in mechanical ventilation, 1664b Depression in neutropenia, 665b after laryngectomy, 517 in ostomy care, 1020b after stroke, 1430, 1446–1447 in oxygen therapy, 595b coronary artery disease and, 743 in pain management, 133b in COPD, 591 in percutaneous coronary intervention, 770b in diabetes mellitus, 1222–1223 in physical examination, 43b in dying patient, 146 in seizures, 1464b in older adults, 70 in stroke, 1435b in spinal cord injury, 1524–1525, 1525t in tracheostomy care, 517b vs. dementia, 1519t, 1520 in transfusion, 682b Dermatitis. See also Skin disorders. Delirium, 1381, 1496–1497 atopic, 203, 203f, 435t alcohol withdrawal, 160–161, 160t contact, 204, 204f postoperative, 353 allergic, 425, 435t diagnosis of, 1496t irritant, 425 emergence, 352–353 radiation recall, 265–266 in bacterial meningitis, 1417 venous, 869–870 in burn injury, 461 Dermatomes, 116 in critical care, 1640, 1666 Dermatomyositis, 1630–1631, 1632f in dying patient, 148t–149t Dermatoscopy, 422 postoperative, 350–351 Dermatosis papulosa nigra, 421–422 in older adults, 360 Dermis, 414, 414f, 448 risk factors for, 1498t Desaturation test, 491–492 vs. dementia, 1483t, 1497 Descartes, Rene, 81 vs. depression, 1483t Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK), 390 Delta virus, 1035 Descending tracts, 1374 Demadex (torsemide), for hypertension, 724t–727t Desflurane (Suprane), 340t 33 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Desirudin (Iprivask), for venous thromboembolism, 863 culturally competent care for, 1206 Desloratadine (Clarinex), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t diagnosis of, 1193–1194, 1194t Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) drug therapy for, 1195t, 1200t for diabetes insipidus, 1232 assessment for, 1199t for hemophilia, 653 insulin in, 1194–1199. See also Insulin, exogenous. for von Willebrand disease, 653 oral agents in, 1200, 1200t, 1210–1211 Desoxyn (methamphetamine), abuse of, 154t drug-related, 1193 Destination therapy, 783, 838 eating disorders and, 1223 Desyrel (trazodone), 104 exercise in, 1204, 1204t Detemir (Levemir), 1196–1197 gestational, 1193 Determinants of health, 19–20, 20f glucose monitoring in, 1204–1206, 1205f, 1205t Detrol (tolterodine), for overactive bladder, 1124b health promotion for, 1206, 1209b Detrusor muscles, 1080 home health care in, 1210–1213 in obstructive uropathies, 1106 hyperglycemia in, 1213t in urinary retention, 1119 hypoglycemia in, 1213t Deviated septum, 493 idiopathic, 1191 DEXA scan, 1540t–1542t implementation in, 1206–1212 in bone density measurement, 1595 in acute illness, 1206–1209 Dexamethasone (Decadron), for nausea and vomiting, in cystic fibrosis, 606–609 942Dexamethasone suppression test, 1185t–1187t in older adults, 1223–1224 Dexchlorpheniramine (Polaramine), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t medical alert aids for, 1211, 1211f Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant) metabolic syndrome and, 936–937 for peptic ulcers, 968t nursing care plan for, 1208b–1209 for upper GI bleeding, 960t nursing diagnoses for, 1206 Dexmedetomidine (Precedex), for increased intracranial pressure, 1403 nursing management of, 1206–1213 Dextran, 307 delegation in, 1223b Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), abuse of, 154t nutritional therapy for, 1201–1203, 1202t DiaBeta (glyburide), for diabetes mellitus, 1200, 1200t obesity and, 925, 926f Diabetes insipidus, 287, 1231–1232, 1231f, 1231t pancreas transplant for, 1206 after hypophysectomy, 1228 patient teaching for, 1204, 1210–1213, 1212t hypernatremia and, 291–292 perioperative management of, 1207–1210 increased intracranial pressure and, 1402–1403 planning in, 1206 Diabetes mellitus, 1189 prediabetes and, 1192 acute intervention in, 1207–1210 preoperative management of, 319 ambulatory and home care for, 1210–1213 psychosocial aspects of, 1212 assessment in, 1206, 1207t screening for, 1207, 1207t associated systemic diseases and, 1190 stroke and, 1425 chronic kidney disease and, 1142–1143 tight glucose control in, 1218 collaborative care for, 1194, 1194t travel and, 1211 complementary and alternative therapies for, 1211b type1, 1189–1191, 1190t complications of clinical manifestations of, 1193 acute, 1213 diet in, 1202 angiopathy, 1218–1219 etiology of, 1191 cardiovascular, 1218–1219, 1219t onset of, 1191–1192 chronic, 1218, 1218f, 1219t pathophysiology of, 1191, 1191f diabetic ketoacidosis, 1192, 1213–1216, 1214f, 1720t type2, 1190t, 1191–1192 erectile dysfunction, 1221 clinical manifestations of, 1193 foot ulcers, 1219, 1220f–1221f, 1221–1222, 1222t diet in, 1202–1203 gastroparesis, 1221 etiology of, 1191–1192 hemoglobin A1C and, 1194b genetic factors in, 1192 hyperglycemia, 1193, 1213, 1213t, 1216–1217 onset of, 1192 hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome, 1216–1217, 1216t, 1217f pathophysiology of, 1220f, 1192–1193 hypertension, 1218–1221 Diabetic dermopathy, 1219 hypoglycemia, 1213, 1213t, 1217–1218, 1217t Diabetic diet, 1201–1203, 1202t infections, 1222 Diabetic ketoacidosis, 1221, 1213–1216 integumentary, 1222 case study of, 1224b lipodystrophy, 1197, 1199 collaborative care for, 1215t macrovascular, 1218–1219 emergency management of, 1215t microvascular, 1220 pathophysiology of, 1214f necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, 1222, 1222f Diabetic nephropathy, 1116–1117, 1219t, 1220 neuropathy, 1219t, 1220–1222, 1220f–1221f Diabetic neuropathy, 1210t, 1220–1223, 1220f–1221f peripheral arterial disease, 855, 1221 Diabetic retinopathy, 394–395, 394f, 1219–1220, 1219t prevention of, 1218 case study of, 411b psychiatric, 1223–1224 Diagnosis. See Nursing diagnoses. renal, 1115–1116, 1219t, 1220 Dialysis, 1151–1152 retinal, 394–395, 394f, 1219–1220, 1219 definition of, 1151 coronary artery disease and, 743 diffusion in, 1152 34 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

hemodialysis, 1138–1139, 1156–1157. See also Hemodialysis. preoperative, 323, 324t, 325b osmosis in, 1152 protein in, 900 peritoneal, 1140, 1152–1154. See also Peritoneal dialysis. recommended intakes in, 903, 903t principles of, 1152 therapeutic lifestyle changes, 745, 745t ultrafiltration in, 1152 vegan, 901 Diamox (acetazolamide), for glaucoma, 399t–400t vegetarian, 901 Diaphragm, 473 vitamins in, 900. See also Vitamin(s). paralysis of, 473 Dietary Reference Intakes, 903, 903t Diaphragmatic breathing, 597 Dietary supplements, 84, 86t Diaphragmatic (hiatal) hernia, 952, 953f Diffuse axonal injury, 1405 Diaphyses, 1531, 1531f Diffuse parenchymal lung disease, 553 Diarrhea, 982–984 Diffusion, 283, 283f, 1152t assessment in, 984, 984t in peritoneal dialysis, 1153, 1154f clinical manifestations of, 982–983 oxygen–carbon dioxide, 473–474, 474f collaborative care in, 984 Diflucan (fluconazole), for vaginal candidiasis, 1326t definition of, 982 Digestion, 878–879 diagnosis of, 983 physiology of, 879, 879t drug therapy for, 984, 984t Digital rectal examination, 1347 etiology of, 982, 982t Digitalis in cancer, 262t–263t, 264–265 for heart failure, 782–784, 782t in Crohn’s disease, 1001 side effects of, 784, 784t in dying patient, 148t–149t Digoxin (Lanoxin) in inflammatory bowel disease, 1000, 1005 for dysrhythmias, 809t in irritable bowel syndrome, 993 for myocarditis, 827 in short bowel syndrome, 1026 Dihydrotachysterol (Hytakerol), for hypoparathyroidism, 1247 in ulcerative colitis, 1001 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol), for hypoparathyroidism, infectious, 982–984, 983t 1247 noninfectious, 982 Dilacor XR (diltiazem), for hypertension, 724t–727t nursing care plan for, 986b Dilantin. See Phenytoin (Dilantin). nursing management of, 984 Dilated cardiomyopathy, 775, 837–838, 838f pathophysiology of, 982 Dilation and curettage (D&C), 1266t Diarthrodial joints, 1531, 1531f–1532f for menorrhagia, 1321 Diastole, 690, 692Diastolic blood pressure, 694. See also Blood for spontaneous abortion, 1316 pressure. Dilation and evacuation, 1317t Diastolic heart failure, 775 Dilaudid (hydromorphone), 124t Diazepam (Valium), abuse of, 154t, 162 abuse of, 154t Dichlorphenamide (Daranide), for glaucoma, 399t–400t Diltiazem (Cardizem) Diclofenac K (Cataflam), 123t for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 724t–727t Dicyclomine (Bentyl), for irritable bowel syndrome, 994 for dysrhythmias, 809t Didronel (etidronate) for hypertension, 724t–727t for multiple myeloma, 679 Dimetane (brompheniramine), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t for osteoporosis, 1596 Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), for interstitial cystitis, 1103 for Paget’s disease, 1596–1597 Dinoprostone (Cervidil, Prostin E2), for induced abortion, 1317t Diencephalon, 1376, 1376f Diovan (valsartan), for hypertension, 724t–727t DIEP flap, 1297 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 Diet. See also Feeding; Food; Nutrition. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) aging and, 61 for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t antiaging effects of, 61 for insomnia, 104 caffeine in, 106t Diphenoyxlate-atropine (Lomotil), for diarrhea, 984t carbohydrates in, 898 Diphtheria, 220t, 502 cultural aspects of, 902 Dipivefrin (Propine), 399t-400t DASH, 721–722, 720t Diplopia, 371t, 1387t diabetic, 1201–1204, 1202t in stroke, 1444 diverticular disease and, 1022–1023 Diprivan (propofol), in general anesthesia, 340t fad, 929 Dipyridamole (Persantine), for stroke, 1432, 1434 fat in, 899–890 Dipyridamole stress test, 703t–707t fecal incontinence and, 986 Direct immunofluorescence, 422, 423t gluten-free, 1026t Directives to physicians, 144, 145t high-calorie, high-protein, 907t Disability, in emergency assessment, 1722t, 1723 high-fiber, 989–990, 990t Disaster medical assistance teams, 1735 in older adults, 908 Discharge incomplete, 903 from ambulatory surgery, 359–360 ketogenic, 1461 from postanesthesia care unit, 359, 359t low-calorie, 928–929, 928t Discharge planning, for older adults, 67 low-fat, 745, 745t Discoid lupus, 1622 low-sodium. See Low-sodium diet. Disconjugate gaze, 1383 minerals and trace elements in, 898–902, 902t Discrimination, 22 35 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, 1605t–1607t, 1613 Dopamine (Intropin) Diskectomy, 1590 for cardiogenic shock, 1731t–1732t Diskograms, 1540t–1542t for heart failure, 782–784, 782t, 782b Dislocations, 1539t, 1547 Doppler imaging. See also Ultrasonography. Disopyramide (Norpace), for dysrhythmias, 809t cardiac, 709 Disseminated gonococcal infection, 1302, 1302f duplex venous, 1540t–1542 Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 661–663 in peripheral arterial disease, 851–852 in systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 1682t, 1696 in stroke, 1430 laboratory findings in, 655t transcranial, 1388t–1389t thrombocytopenia in, 655, 655t Dorsal horn processing, in pain, 116–117 Dissociative anesthesia, 339, 340t Dorsiflexion, 1538t Distal convoluted tubules, 1077f, 1078, 1078 Dorzolamide (Trusopt), for glaucoma, 399t–400t Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, 607, 609 Double vision, 371t, 1387t Distal splenorenal shunt, 1052, 1052f in stroke, 1444 Distraction, for pain, 132 Double voiding, 1124–1125 Distributive shock, 1675–1677. See also Shock. Double-barreled stoma, 1016, 1016f clinical manifestations of, 1676t Dowager’s hump, 1539t, 1595 collaborative care for, 1689t Down syndrome, ocular disorders in, 402t hemodynamic parameters in, 1674t Doxazosin (Cardura), for hypertension, 724t–727t, 728b pathophysiology of, 1677f–1679f Doxorubicin (Adriamycin), cardiotoxicity of, 1289t precipitating factors in, 1673t Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Diuretics for chlamydial infections, 1305, 1305t, 1326t for cirrhosis, 1053t for gonorrhea, 1301–1303, 1302t, 1302f for diabetes insipidus, 1232 for Lyme disease, 1620 for heart failure, 781, 782t, 783t for reactive arthritis, 1619 for hypertension, 724t–728t, 727 for syphilis, 1301t for stroke, 1433 Drainage loop, 724t–727t of cerebrospinal fluid, 1392f, 1397f–1398f, 1398 potassium-sparing, 724t–727t pleural, 545–547, 546f, 548t. See also Chest tubes. side effects of, 724t–727t, 729 postural, 598 thiazide, 724t–727t wound, 177, 177f, 357–358, 358t Diuril. See Chlorothiazide (Diuril). Drains, 177, 178f Diverticula Dressings, 177–178, 178t epiphrenic, 956, 956f for burns, 446, 457–458, 458f, 460b esophageal, 956 for central venous access devices, 310 intestinal, 1022–1023, 1023f, 1023t for chest tubes, 547t urethral, 1102–1103 for skin grafts, 463, 463f Zenker’s, 956, 956f for venous leg ulcers, 869 Diverticular disease, 1022–1023, 1022f–1023f, 1023t wet, 441 Dixidan (docusate), for constipation, 989t Dressler syndrome, 757, 824 Dizziness, 375 Dribbling, postvoid, 1096t DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), for interstitial cystitis, 1103 DNA, 190 Do not resuscitate (DNR) orders, 144–145, 145t Dristan (oxymetazoline), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t ethical aspects of, 834b Dronabinol (Marinol), 127–128 Dobutamine (Dobutrex) for nausea and vomiting, 942 for heart failure, 782–784, 782t Drop arm test, 1549 in dilated cardiomyopathy, 838 Droplet precautions, 222 for shock, 1686t–1687t Drotrecogin alfa (Xigris) Dobutamine stress test, 703t–707t for disseminated intravascular coagulation, 664 Docetaxel (Taxotere), for prostate cancer, 1359 for septic shock, 1686t–1687t, 1688–1689 Doctorate of nursing practice, 3 Drowning, 1728–1729, 1729t Documentation, 16–18 Drug abuse. See Substance abuse. electronic health records and, 9–10 Drug allergy, preoperative assessment for, 318 of pain, 121 Drug history, 36 of physical examination, 40 Drug reactions, cutaneous, 435t Docusate, for constipation, 989t Drug therapy. See also specific drugs and disorders. Dofetilide (Tikosyn), for dysrhythmias, 809t adherence to, ethical aspects of, 531b Dog bites, 1730 alcohol use and, 157 Dolasetron (Anzemet), for nausea and vomiting, 942 cancer due to, 224 Doll’s eye reflex, 1401 cardiotoxicity in, 721t Dolophine (methadone), 154t, 123–124 drug-resistant organisms and, 220–221, 221t, 548, 525 Domestic violencem, 1733 effects on blood glucose levels, 1202t Donepezil (Aricept), for Alzheimer’s disease, 1488 effects on laboratory values, 623t Donnagel-PG, for diarrhea, 984t empiric, 1096 Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders, 144–145, 144t first pass effect in, 128 Dopamine, endogenous, 1177, 1347t food interactions in, 904 36 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

for older adults, 69–70, 69f, 70t in stroke, 1429 genetic factors in, 28–29 Dysplastic nevi, 428t, 429f, 430–431 goitrogenic, 1233 Dyspnea, 473 hematologic effects of, 623t in asthma, 565 hemolytic reactions in, 650 in COPD, 588–589, 592, 605 hepatotoxic, 262t–263t, 884, 884t, 1043 in dying patient, 147, 148t–149t nephrotoxic, 262t–263t, 1081t, 1135, 1140 in heart failure, 779 ototoxic, 408 paroxysmal nocturnal, 696, 779 overdose in, 1731t. See also Poisoning. pulmonary embolism and, 553 over-the-counter drugs in, safety concerns with, 578 Dysrhythmias, 795–817 pegylated drugs in, 1037 after coronary revascularization, 760, 766 photosensitivity in, 425, 425t after myocardial infarction, 756–757, 760, 762 polypharmacy and, 70 case study of, 816b preoperative, 325–326, 326t defibrillation for, 810–811, 810f race/ethnicity and, 28–29, 28t diagnosis of, 692. See also Electrocardiogram (ECG). topical, 438–440, 442 during suctioning, 1658 application of, 442 electrophysiology of, 799–800 common bases for, 438t emergency management of, 800, 801t urinary dysfunction in, 1119t etiology of, 801, 801t Drusen, 396 evaluation of, 800–801, 801t Dry drowning, 1728–1729 hyperkalemia and, 294t 295, 296f Dry eye, 371, 389, 1631 hypokalemia and, 294t, 295, 296f Dry mouth implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for, 811, 811f in Sjögren’s syndrome, 1631 in acute coronary syndrome, 814–815, 814t radiation therapy and, 262t–263t, 265, 513 in acute kidney injury, 1167 Dry powder inhalers, 576, 577f, 577t in heart failure, 779–780 Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), 1540t–1542t in hyperkalemia, 1137 in bone density measurement, 1595 in older adults, 695 Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 1586–1587, 1587t, 1587t in pulmonary artery catheterization, 1651 Ductal carcinoma in situ, 1283 in syncope, 816–817 Ductal ectasia, 1277, 1279t mechanisms of, 799–800 Ductus deferens, 1258, 1259f pacemakers for, 811–814, 812f Duetact (pioglitazone/glimepiride), 1200t postoperative, 351–352, 760, 766 Dukes staging system, for colorectal cancer, 1013t reperfusion, 759 Dulcolax (bisacodyl), 988–989, 989t sudden cardiac death and, 770 Dumping syndrome, 933–937, 973–974, 974t synchronized cardioversion for, 810 Duodenal ulcers. See Peptic ulcer disease. types of, 801–809, 802t Duodenum, 877f, 879 Dyssomnias, 101t. See also Sleep problems. DuoNeb (ipratropium/albuterol), for asthma, 573t–574t, 575 Dystonia, 1384 Duplex ultrasonography, cardiac, 709 Dysuria, 1085t, 1096t Duplex venous Doppler, 1540t–1542t Dura mater, 1379 E Durable power of attorney for health care, 145, 145t, 584b Ear. See also Auditory system; Hearing. Duraclon. See Clonidine (Catapres, Duraclon). burns of, 450, 459 Duragesic. See Fentanyl. disorders of, cultural factors in, 383b Dutasteride (Avodart), for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 1349, 1349b external DynaCirc CR (isradipine), for hypertension, 724t–727t disorders of, 379t, 402 Dynamic response test, 1644, 1645f examination of, 378–379, 378f–379f, 379t Dyrenium. See Triamterene (Dyrenium). structures and functions of, 374, 375f Dysarthria, 1387t foreign bodies in, 403 in stroke, 1429 impacted cerumen in, 363–381, 376t, 403 Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, 1320 in older adults, 375 Dysgeusia, in cancer, 262t–263t, 265, 274 injuries of, 402 Dysgraphia, in Alzheimer’s disease, 1488 inner Dyskinesia, 1387t disorders of, 405 Dysmenorrhea, 1319 structures and functions of, 375, 375f in endometriosis, 1329 middle Dysmetabolic syndrome, 936–937 disorders of, 403 Dyspareunia, menopause and, 1323 structures and functions of, 374–375, 375f Dyspepsia, 890t, 948 painful, 387 in peptic ulcer disease, 966 ringing in, 375 Dysphagia, 890t, 1387t skin cancer of, 403 in cancer, 262t–263t, 265 surgery of, 404, 404t in dying patient, 148t–149t swimmer’s, 402 in oral cancer, 946 Eardrops, administration of, 402–403 Dysphasia, 1387t. See also Aphasia. Eardrum, 374–375, 375f in Alzheimer’s disease, 1488 Earwax, impacted, 379t, 403 37 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Eating. See also Feeding; Food. Elavil (amitriptyline), for interstitial cystitis, 1102–1103 after stroke, 1443, 1444, 1445f Elbow, tennis, 1539t in Alzheimer’s disease, 1494 Elbow arthroplasty, 1577 regulation of, 924–925, 924t Eldepryl (selegiline), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472 Eating disorders, 918–919 Elder mistreatment/abuse, 63–64, 64t anorexia nervosa, 918 Elderly. See Older adults. bulimia nervosa, 918 Elective surgery, 314 in diabetes mellitus, 1223 Electrical burns, 448, 448f, 452t. See also Burns. Ebola virus infection, 219 Electrical stimulation, for fractures, 1553 Ecchymoses, 419t, 421t, 626t–627t, 627 Electrocardiogram (ECG), 692, 692f, 703t–707t, 708–709, 796–798 in hemophilia, 660f ambulatory, 703t–707t, 708, 800–801 in nasal fractures, 494 artifacts on, 798, 798f in thrombocytopenia, 654 cardiac cycle and, 701f periorbital, 1404, 1405f dysrhythmias on, 800–801. See also Dysrhythmias. postauricular, 1404, 1405f event monitor and, 703t–707t, 708 Eccrine sweat glands, 414f, 415 event recorders and, 708–709, 801 Echinacea, 85t heart rate calculation for, 798, 798f for colds, 498b heart sounds and, 701f Echocardiography, 703t–707t, 709 in acute coronary syndrome, 757, 814–815, 814t dobutamine/dipyridamole, 703t–707t in electrophysiologic study, 703t–707t, 711, 800 motion-mode, 709 in myocardial infarction, 757 real-time 3D, 709, 709f in myocardial ischemia, 814–815, 815f stress, 703t–707t, 709 in stress testing, 703t–707t, 705, 709, 801. See also Stress testing. transesophageal, 703t–707t, 709 interpretation of, 798–799 intraoperative, 343 lead placement for, 796–797, 796f–797f 2D, 709, 709f loop recorder for, 703t–707t, 708 Economic status. See Socioeconomic status. normal sinus rhythm on, 797f, 799, 799f Ectocervix, 1261 paper for, 798 Ectopic pregnancy, 1321–1322, 1322f refractory periods and, 799–800, 800f pelvic inflammatory disease and, 1327–1328 rhythm assessment for, 799 Ectropion, 371t signal-averaged, 703t–707t, 801 Edecrin (ethacrynic acid), for hypertension, 724t–727t skin preparation for, 798 Edema, 286 telemetry monitoring for, 798 cerebral, 1393–1395. See also Cerebral edema. time and voltage on, 798, 798f heat, 1726 waveforms and intervals on 799f, 799t in ARDS, 1711f, 1712–1713 Electrocoagulation, 440 in burn injury, 453, 454f Electrocochleography, 380t in cirrhosis, 1047 Electrodessication, 440 in heart failure, 778–779, 785 Electroencephalography, 1385–1388, 1387t–1388t in nephrotic syndrome, 1105 in epilepsy, 1458–1459 in urinary disorders, 1083t Electrohydraulic lithotripsy, 1110 laryngeal, postoperative, 348t Electrolarynx, 516, 516f optic disc, 394, 1387t, 1395 Electrolytes. See also under Fluid and electrolyte, 283 pitting, 698, 699t–700t in fluid compartments, 283, 284f pulmonary. See Pulmonary edema. measurement of, 283 Efavirenz (Sustiva), 229b normal values for, 288t–289t, 291, 305–306 Effient (prasugrel), for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 750 Electromyography, 1387t–1388t, 1388–1389, 1540t–1542t Effleurage, 85 in myasthenia gravis, 1476 Effusion in tension headaches, 1449–1450 exudative, 551 Electronic health record, 9–10 in otitis media, 403 Electronic pacemakers. See Pacemakers (electronic). pericardial Electronystagmography, 380tElectrophoresis in pericarditis, 825 hemoglobin, 631t pericardiocentesis for, 825, 825f serum protein, 631t pleural, 473, 550–552, 552t Electrophysiologic study, 703t–707t, 711, 800 chest examination in, 486t Elidel (Pimecrolimus), 439 in heart failure, 779 Elimination, See also under Defecation; Fecal; Stool; Urinary. tubercular, 529 Elimination pattern, 37t, 38, 955–956 transudative, 551 Elmiron (pentosan), for interstitial cystitis, 1102–1103 Egophony, 483, 484t–485t Eltrombopag (Promacta), for immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 656 Ejaculate, 1259 Embolic stroke, 1427f, 1428 Ejaculation, 1264 Embolism. See also Venous thromboembolism. retrograde, after transurethral resection of prostate, 1355 air Ejaculatory duct, 1259 in pulmonary artery catheterization, 1651, 1651b Ejection fraction, 709 pulmonary embolism and, 553 Elastic cartilage, 1532 arterial, 857–858 Elastic recoil, 473 fat, 1565 38 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

pulmonary embolism and, 553 Enchondroma, 1585t in infective endocarditis, 819–820 End ileostomy, 1004, 1016 pulmonary. See Pulmonary embolism. Endarterectomy, for peripheral arterial disease, 854 Embolization, uterine artery, for leiomyomas, 1331 Endocarditis Embryonic stem cells, 193–194 infective, 818–822 Emend (aprepitant), for nausea and vomiting, 942 rheumatic, 827–828 Emergence delirium, 352–353 Endocardium, 690, 818, 819f in older adults, 360 Endocervix, 1261 Emergency nursing, 1719–1726 Endocet. See Oxycodone. ABCs of, 1719 Endocrine disorders, 1226 assessment in, 43, 43t, 1724–1725 clinical manifestations of, 1179, 1182t–1183t of abdomen and flanks, 1725 diagnosis of, 1183–1188 of chest, 1725 gender differences in, 1226bin cirrhosis, 1046 of extremities, 1725 skin manifestations of, 437t of head, neck and face, 1725 Endocrine system, 1076 of pelvis and perineum, 1725 assessment of, 1178–1183 of posterior surfaces, 1725 common abnormalities in, 1182t–1183t case study of, 1736b diagnostic studies in, 1183–1878, 1184t, 1187t comfort measures in, 1724 focused, 1182, 1182b death in emergency department and, 1726 functional health patterns in, 1180–1181 emergency preparedness and, 1734–1736 health history in, 1179, 1179t evaluation in, 1725–1726 medication history in, 1179–1180 family involvement in, 1723–1724 physical examination in, 1181 for environmental emergencies 1727, 1728, 1727t, 1729t preoperative, 319–320 for older adults, 1726history taking in, 1724–1725 glands of, 1170–1171 in mass casualty incidents, 1734–1736 in blood pressure regulation, 7 716 informed consent and, 325 in older adults, 1178, 1178t intervention in, 1725–1726 in stress response, 91f–92f, 92 monitoring in, 1725–1726 regulation of, 1173 neurologic examination in, 1723 feedback in, 1173–1174, 1173f–1174f organ donation and, 1726 neural, 1174 primary survey in, 1721–1723, 1722t–1723t structures and functions of, 1170–1178, 1171f secondary survey in, 1723–1725, 1724 End-of-life, definition of, 141 severity classification in, 1720t End-of-life care, 139, 141–144 therapeutic hypothermia in, 1726 advance directives and, 145, 145t triage in, 1721 analgesics for hastening death in, 135 Emergency response plans, 1732 assessment in, 146 Emergency Severity Index, 1720t, 1721 bereavement and grief and, 142–143, 142t, 150 Triage Algorithm for, 1720f brain death and, 141 Emergency surgery, 314 caregiver support in, 150 consent for, 325 communication in, 150 Emerging infections, 217, 220, 218t cultural aspects of, 144, 1642 EMLA cream, 126t, 129 death/brain death in, 141 Emmetropia, 365 definition of, 141 Emotion-focused coping, 94, 94t ethical issues in, 66, 135, 144–145, 147b, 277b, 605b, 1165b Empacho, 29t hospice care in, 77 Empathy, 48 in emergency department, 1618 Emphysema, 584. See also Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in heart failure, 790 (COPD). in HIV infection, 237 surgery for, 597 integrated model of, 140f lung volume reduction, 548t legal issues in, 66, 144–145, 145t Empiric therapy, 1096 nurses’ needs in, 150 Empowerment approach, in patient teaching, 1211–1213 nursing diagnoses for, 146, 146t Empyema, 473, 551–552 nursing management in, 145 fibrothorax and, 544f, 551–552 organ donation and, 144 in tuberculosis, 529 palliative care in, 139–140, 140t treatment of, 552 physical care in, 146t, 147–148, 148t–149t Enalapril (Vasotec) planning in, 145–146 for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t postmortem care in, 148 for hypertension, 724t–727t psychosocial care in, 146, 146t Enanthate (Delatest), for andropausal symptoms, 1369 psychosocial manifestations of, 141, 142t, 146, 146t Enbrel (etanercept) resuscitation in, 144–145, 145t for ankylosing spondylitis, 1605t–1607t, 1619 signs of impending death in, 141–142, 142t, 146t, 147–148, 148t–149t for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1624–1625 spiritual needs and, 143–144, 143t Encephalitis, 1416t, 1420 treatment withdrawal/withholding in, 145, 1165b rabies, 1421–1422 Endolymph, 375 Encephalopathy, hypertensive, 720, 734 Endolymphatic fluid, 375 39 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Endolymphatic hydrops, 405, 406t Enduron (methyclothiazide), for hypertension, 724t–727t Endometrial ablation, for menorrhagia, 1321 Enemas, 989 Endometrial biopsy, 1272t–1275t, 1333 for constipation, 989, 989t Endometrial cancer, 1333–1334. See also Reproductive cancers, for fecal incontinence, 988 female. Energy therapies, 82t, 87 Endometriosis, 1329–1330, 1329f, 1329t Enkephalins, 1374t dysmenorrhea and, 1319 Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Endomyocardial biopsy, 826 for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t Endomysium, 1532 for venous thromboembolism, 863t, 864 Endophthalmitis, 401–402 Entacapone (Comtan), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472 Endorphins, 1374t Entamoeba histolytica diarrhea, 983t Endoscopic pneumatic dilation, for achalasia, 957, 957f Entecavir (Baraclude), for hepatitis, 1038–1039, 1039b Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, 891t–894t, 892–895 Enteral nutrition, 909–913. See also Nutritional therapy. for acute pancreatitis, 1064 administration of, 912 for cholelithiasis, 1070, 1070f aspiration in, 911, 912t for chronic pancreatitis, 1067 common problems in, 912t Endoscopic sclerotherapy, for bleeding varices, 1050 complications of, 913 Endoscopic therapy, for upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 959 constipation in, 912t Endoscopic ultrasonography, 891t–894t dehydration in, 912t Endoscopy, 892–895 delegation in, 913b capsule, 891t–894t, 895, 895f diarrhea in, 912t Endothelin, 715 drug administration via, 912 in heart failure, 776 formula for, 911–912 Endothelin receptor blockers, for pulmonary hypertension, 556 gastrostomy tubes in, 910, 910f–911f Endothelium, vascular in home care, 918 in blood pressure regulation, 715 in older adults, 914–917 in coronary artery disease, 738, 739f jejunostomy tubes in, 910, 910f–911f in hypertension, 717 nasogastric/nasointestinal intubation in, 910, 910f Endotracheal intubation, 1654–1656 nursing care plan for, 914b Ambu bag for, 1656 procedures for, 911 aspiration in, 1659 routes for, 910, 910f–911f comfort measures in, 1658 skin care in, 913, 913b, 1010 communication in, 1658 vomiting in, 912t complications of, 1656, 1658–1660 Enteral nutrition misconnection, 914, 913t contraindications to, 1656 Enteric nervous system, 877 cuff inflation in, 1657 Enterococci, vancomycin-resistant, 220–221, 220t end-tidal CO2 detector in, 1656 Enterohepatic circulation, 882 in anesthesia, 338–339 Entropion, 371t in burn injury, 457 Enucleation, 401 nasal, 1655–1656 Enuresis, 1085t, 1096t. See also Urinary incontinence. nursing management of, 1656–1660 Environmental emergencies, 1726–1727 oral, 1655–1656 Environmental lung disease, 534–535, 535t oral care in, 1658 chemical pneumonitis, 534 oxygenation monitoring in, 1657 hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 534 procedure for, 1656 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 553 rapid-sequence, 1656, 1721, 1723f interstitial, 553 skin care in, 1658 pneumoconiosis, 534 suctioning in, 1656–1659, 1657t Environmental tobacco smoke, 585 tube dislodgment in, 1657, 1658–1660, 1659b, 1667–1669 Enzymatic debridement, of burns, 462 tube for, 1655f Eosinophils, 617f, 618–619, 618t tube patency in, 1656–1659 Ependymal cells, 1373 tube placement in, 1656–1657 Ephedrine, regulation of, 578–579 maintenance of, 1657 Epicardial pacing, 812 tube taping in, 1656f Epicardium, 690 ventilation monitoring in, 1657 Epicondylitis vs. tracheostomy, 504 lateral, 1539t Endotracheal tubes, 1655f medial, 1539t Endoureterotomy, 1113 Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, 388 Endovascular grafts Epidemics, 498–499 ambulatory and home care for, 848–849 Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, for cancer, 268, 270 for aortic aneurysms, 846–847, 847f Epidermis, 413, 414f, 448, 449f for aortic dissection, 850 Epididymis, 1259, 1259f nursing management of, 847–849 Epididymitis, 1363, 1363f postoperative care for, 847–849 chlamydial, 1305–1306, 1306f Endovascular repair, for aortic dissection, 850 Epidural analgesia, 129–130, 129f End-stage renal disease, 1141–1142 postoperative, 354 End-tidal CO2 detector, 1656–1657 Epidural block, 342, 342f 40 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Epidural hematomas, 1406, 1406f. See also Head injury. after transurethral resection of prostate, 1355 Epidural space, 129f antihypertensive-related, 728–729 Epifrin (epinephrine), for glaucoma, 399t–400t drug therapy for, nitrates and, 784 Epiglottis, 471, 471f in diabetes mellitus, 1221 Epilepsy, .1455–1459 See also Seizure(s). in spinal cord injury, 1525, 1525t acute intervention in, 1463 nursing management of, 1369 ambulatory and home care for, 1463 Erection, persistent, 1363 assessment in, 1461–1464, 1461t in sickle cell disease, 649–650 case study of, 1480b Ergamisol (levamisole), for cancer, 269t–270t collaborative care for, 1458t, 1459–1460 Erlotinib (Tarceva), for cancer, 269t–270t complications of, 1458 Eructation, 890t diagnosis of, 1458–1459, 1458t Erysipelas, 430t, 431 driving restrictions and, 1464 Erythema, 419t, 421t drug therapy for, 1459–1460, 1460t. See also Antiseizure drugs. Erythema marginatum, in rheumatic fever, 829 emergency management of, 1459t Erythrocyte(s), 617–618, 617f evaluation in, 1464 agglutination of, 629–630 health promotion for, 1463 assessment of, 628 implementation in, 1463–1464 destruction of, 618 ketogenic diet for, 1461 causes of, 650–651 mortality in, 1458 in burn injury, 455–456 nursing care plan for, 1462b–1463b in sickle cell disease, 647–649 nursing diagnoses for, 1463 in urine, 1091t nursing management of, 1461–1464 macrocytic, 643 patient teaching for, 1463 morphology of, 628, 629t planning in, 1463 production of. See Erythropoiesis. psychosocial aspects of, 1458, 1464 sickled, 648, 648f safety concerns in, 1463b transfusion of, 681t seizure types in, 1455–1457 Erythrocyte count, 628, 629t status epilepticus in, 1457, 1459 Erythrocyte indices, 628, 629t surgery for, 1460–1461 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 1540t–1542t vagal nerve stimulation for, 1461 Erythrocyte transfusions, 307–308 Epimorph. See Morphine. Erythroleukemia, 643 Epimysium, 1532–1533 Erythromelalgia, in polycythemia, 652 Epinal (epinephrine), for glaucoma, 399t–400t Erythroplakia, 511 Epinephrine (Adrenalin) Erythropoiesis, 616, 617f, 618 for allergic disorders, 206 decreased, anemia and, 637t, 639–640 for asthma, 571 nutrients for, 640t for glaucoma, 399t–400t Erythropoietin, 198t, 618 for shock, 1686t–1687t clinical uses of, 199t for upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 959, 960t for anemia, in chronic kidney disease, 1148 Epiphrenic diverticula, 956, 956f for cancer, 271, 272, 271t Epiphyseal plate, 1531, 1531f side effects of, 1148 Epiphyses, 1531, 1531f Escape rhythms, 799 Epispadias, 1362 junctional, 802t, 805, 805f Epistaxis, 494, 494f, 626t–627t Eschar, 450 Epitrate (epinephrine), for glaucoma, 399t–400t Escharotomy, 454–455, 456f, 462 Epitympanum, 374–375, 375f Escherichia coli infection Epivir (lamivudine), for hepatitis, 1038–1039 diarrhea in, 983, 984, 983t Eplerenone (Inspra) urinary tract, 1093 for heart failure, 784 Escherichia coli O157:H7 poisoning, 977–980, 983t for hypertension, 724t–727t Esidrix (hydrochlorothiazide), for hypertension, 724–727t Eply maneuver, 406 Esmolol (Brevibloc) Epoetin α (Epogen, Procrit), for cancer, 271–272, 271t for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t Epoprostenol (Flolan), for pulmonary hypertension, 557 for dysrhythmias, 809t Eppy (epinephrine), for glaucoma, 399t–400t for hypertension, 724–727t Eprosartan (Teveten), for hypertension, 724t–727t Esomeprazole (Nexium) Epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA, Amicar), for hemophilia, 659–660, for peptic ulcers, 960t 660t for upper GI bleeding, 960t Eptifibatide (Integrilin), for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t Esophageal achalasia, 957, 957f Equianalgesic dose, 128 Esophageal cancer, 954–955 Equine tetanus antitoxin, 1508 Esophageal diverticula, 956 Erb muscular dystrophy, 1587t Esophageal (hiatal) hernia, 950, 953f Erbitux (cetuximab), for cancer, 269t–270t Esophageal speech, 517 of head and neck, 512 Esophageal sphincters, 877–878 Erb’s point, 699, 700f Esophageal strictures, 956–957 Erectile dysfunction, 1367, 1369, 1367t, 1368t Esophageal surgery, 954–956 after radical prostatectomy, 1358 Esophageal varices, 955, 1048, 1051, 1056 41 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

management of, 1051, 1051f–1052f, 1056 treatment withholding, 1165b, 1417b, 1566b Esophagectomy, 954–955 Ethnicity. See also Race/ethnicity. Esophagitis definition of, 23–24 drug-induced, 953 Ethnocentrism, 24 in cancer treatment, 262t–263t, 265 Ethnogeriatrics, 62 in GERD, 948–949 Ethylene glycol poisoning, 1731t Esophagoenterostomy, 954–955 Etidronate (Didronel) Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 891t–894t for multiple myeloma, 679 Esophagogastrostomy, 884t, 954–955 for osteoporosis, 1597 Esophagus for Paget’s disease, 1597–1598 Barrett’s, 949 Etomidate (Amidate), in general anesthesia, 340t disorders of, 890t, 948 Eulexin (flutamide), for prostate cancer, 1359t, 1360 in older adults, 882–883, 883t Eustachian tube, 374, 375f Mallory-Weiss tears of, 941 Euthanasia, 145 structures and functions of, 877f, 877 Evaluation, 16 Esotropia, 390 Evening primrose, 85t Estimated blood glucose, 1194 Event recorders (monitors), 708–709, 801 Estradiol, measurement of, 1272t–1275t Everolimus (Afinitor), for cancer, 269t–270t Estrogen, 1172t Eversion, 1538t endogenous, 1262f, 1263, 1263t Evidence-based practice, 6–8 deficiency of, 1323t acupuncture for headaches, 1452b in menstrual cycle, 1263, 1263f acyclovir for postherpetic neuralgia prevention, 432b menopausal decrease in, 1322–1325, 1323t adherence to antihypertensive therapy, 728b exogenous alcohol use by college students, 1046b breast cancer and, 1282, 1285, 1289t antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures, 821b endometrial overgrowth and, 1320 antibiotic prophylaxis for PEG tubes, 916b for cancer, 255t–256t anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation, 805b for hypopituitarism, 1229 asthma and allergic rhinitis, 500b for menopausal symptoms, 1339 bariatric surgery, 933b for prostate cancer, 1359t, 1360 blood cultures, 222b in hormone replacement therapy. See Hormone replacement caregiver/patient support in stroke, 1436b therapy. clinical questions in, 8t Eszopiclone (Lunesta), 104 cognitive function and hormone replacement therapy, 1324b Etanercept (Enbrel) complementary and alternative therapies for back pain, 1590b–1591b for ankylosing spondylitis, 1605t–1607t, 1619 counseling for STD prevention, 1312b for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1613–1614 definition of, 6 Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin), for hypertension, 724t–727t falls in dementia, 1494b Ethambutol (Myambutol), for tuberculosis, 530–532, 530t–531t femoral artery stent for intermittent claudication, 851b Ethical issues green tea and cancer risk, 246b abortion, 1318b hemoglobin A1C and diabetic complications, 1194b advance directives, 605b heparin flushes, 308b affecting older adults, 66 implementation of, 8 analgesics for hastening death, 135 inflammatory bowel disease and osteoporosis, 100b assisted suicide, 135 lifestyle modifications for GERD, 950b brain death, 1410b low-protein diet for chronic kidney disease, 1149b competence, 792b NPO status after gastrointestinal surgery, 993b confidentiality, 1312b nutritional counseling in heart failure, 785 durable power of attorney for health care, 585b pelvic floor exercises, 785b euthanasia, 145 PICOT question format for, 7, 7t failure to disclose information, 1639b preoperative fasting, 325b guardianship, 953b prone positioning in mechanical ventilation, 1705b, 1715–1716 health care disparities, 20b recurrent breast cancer after radiation therapy, 1284b health care rationing, 1057b, 1063b resistance training in older adults, 68b in complementary and alternative therapy, 86, 1244b silver sulfadiazine for burns, 460b in end-of-life care, 66, 144–145, 147b, 277b, 605b smoking cessation, 155b in genetic testing, 192b, 193 steps in, 7–8, 7f, 7t in HIV infection, 229b types and sources of evidence in, 8t in pain management, 135 varicocele-related infertility, 1364b in preoperative care, 324, 324b ventilator weaning, 1660b in sterilization, 1336b Evil eye, 27 in treatment adherence, 531b Evisceration, 179t informed consent, 792b Evista (raloxifene) medical futility, 277b for breast cancer, 1290 payment for organ donors, 1160b for osteoporosis, 1597 placebos, 135 Evoked potentials, 1338t–1339t, 1340 religious objections to transfusion, 680b Ewing’s sarcoma, 1585t treatment refusal, 680b, 1509b Excision and grafting, for burns, 459, 459t, 462–464, 463f 42 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Excoriation, 419t traumatic, 386, 386t Exelon (rivastigmine), for Alzheimer’s disease, 1489 in facial fractures, 1570 Exemestane (Aromasin), for breast cancer, 1289t, 1290 dry, 371t Exenatide (Byetta), 1200t examination of, 370–373, 370t for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 in older adults, 367, 367t, 386 Exercise. See Activity and exercise. infections of, 400–401 Exercise testing, 491–492, 703t–707t, 709, 801 inflammation of, 400–401 in acute coronary syndrome, 758 injuries of, 386, 386t nuclear imaging in, 703t–707t in facial fractures, 1570 6-minute walk test in, 491–492, 703t–707t irrigation of, 1731 Exercise-induced asthma, 563 raccoon, 493, 1405, 1405f Exercises removal of, 401 after stroke, 1442 structures and functions of, 364–367, 365f in mechanical ventilation, 1667 surgery of, patient teaching for, 393t neck, 1592t tumors of, 401, 401f pelvic floor, 1121b, 1123, 1122t–1123t Eyebrows, 366, 367t, 373 after transurethral resection of prostate, 1353–1354 Eyedrops, 368 for cystocele/rectocele, 1340–1341 administration of, 389 for uterine prolapse, 1341 compliance with, 389b postoperative, in breast cancer, 1291–1294, 1294f cycloplegic, 391, 391t, 392 range of motion, 1560–1562 mydriatic, 388, 391t, 392 for rheumatoid arthritis, 1618 Eyeglasses, corrective, 383 Ex-Lax (phenolphthalein), for constipation, 989t Eyelashes, 367, 367t Exna (benzthiazide), for hypertension, 724t–727t examination of, 373 Exocrine glands, 1170–1171 in older adults, 367t Exophthalmos, 371t, 1183t–1184t Eyelid exposure keratitis and, 388 disorders of, 371t, 388–389 in Graves’ disease, 1233f, 1235–1236 examination of, 373 Exotropia, 390, 390f in older adults, 367t Expiration, 473 inflammation of, 388–390 Expiratory reserve volume, 489–490, 490t Eyelid-lift, 443–444 Explosives, in terrorism, 1734 Ezetimibe (Zetia), 747t Exposure keratitis, 389 in Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1507 Extension, 1538t F Extensor plantar response, 1387t Face External fixation, 1555, 1556f burns of, 432, 454f, 457 External otitis, 402 moon, in Cushing syndrome, 1248f External rotation, 1538t skin grafts for, 463 Extracellular fluid, 282, 283f, 286. See also Fluid. Face-lifts, 443–444 444f electrolytes in, 283, 284f Facial fractures, 1570, 1570t imbalances of, 289 Facial nerve, 374–375, 375f, 1382t Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), 1664 examination of, 1383 for ARDS, 1715 paralysis of, 1504–1505 Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, 1110 Facilitated diffusion, 283 for gallstones, 1070–1071 Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, 1587t Extracranial-intracranial bypass, 1432 Factor Xa inhibitors, for venous thromboembolism, 863t, 864 Extraocular muscles, 365 Fad diets, 929 assessment of, 365, 1383 Fainting, 816 disorders of, 371t postoperative, 351–352 Extrapyramidal side effects, 1498 Falling out, 29t Extravasation, of vesicants, 256–257, 257f Fallopian tubes Extremities, examination of, 41t–42t ectopic pregnancy in, 1321–1322, 1322f Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, 534, 535t patency assessment for, 1315 Exubera (inhaled insulin), 1197 structures and functions of, 1372, 1373f Exudate, 172, 173t Falls, in dementia, 1518b Eye. See also under Visual. False aneurysm, 844, 844f disorders of, 371t, 382 Falx cerebri, 1379, 1394f, 1395 clinical manifestations of, 371t Famciclovir (Famvir), for genital herpes, 1307, 1308t cultural factors in, 383b Familial adenomatous polyposis, 1010, 1010b diagnosis of, 373, 374t Familial Alzheimer’s disease, 1486 in bacterial meningitis, 1416 Familial hypercholesterolemia, 739, 741b in head injury, 1411 Family in stroke, 1430, 1443–1444 culturally competent care and, 28–29 in systemic disease, 401–402, 402t in end-of-life care, 141–143 surgery for, 393t presence during resuscitation, 1689–1690 terminology for, 372 43 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Family and intimate partner violencem, 1732 Felodipine (Plendil) Family caregivers, 77–78. See also under Caregiver. for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 724t–727t Family pedigrees, 190, 191f, 192 for hypertension, 724t–727t Family presence, 1723 Felty syndrome, 1611 Famipridine (Ampyra), for multiple sclerosis, 1467 Female condoms, 232 Famotidine (Pepcid) Female reproductive system. See Reproductive system. for peptic ulcers, 968t Femara (letrozole), for breast cancer, 1289t, 1290 for upper GI bleeding, 960t Femoral artery stents, for peripheral arterial disease, 851b, 854 Fareston (toremifene), for breast cancer, 1289t, 1290 Femoral head prosthesis, 1568, 1568t Farmer’s lung, 535, 536t Femoral hernias, 1023, 1023f Farsightedness. See Hyperopia. Femoral vein cannulation, for hemodialysis, 1155 Fascia, 1534 Femur, fractures of Fasciculations, 1181 location of, 1567f Fasciitis, plantar, 1539t of neck, 1567. See Hip, fractures of. Fasciotomy, for compartment syndrome, 1564, 1564f of shaft, 1569 Faslodex (fulvestrant), for breast cancer, 1289t, 1290 Fenofibrate (TriCor), 747t FAST (focused abdominal sonography for trauma), 1725 Fenoldopam (Corlopam), for hypertension, 747t Fasting, preoperative, 323, 324t, 325b Fentanyl, 124t Fasting blood glucose, 1184t–1187t abuse of, 154t, 161–162 impaired, 1192–1194 onsolis and, 276 Fasting plasma glucose, 1193 transdermal, 128 Fast-tracking, 345 transmucosal, 128 Fast-twitch fibers, 1533 Ferritin, 631, 631t Fat, body in anemia, 641t abdominal vs. visceral, 922, 923f, 923t Ferrous gluconate, 641, 641t distribution of, 922, 923f, 923t Ferrous sulfate, 641 measurement of, 905 Fertility studies, 1272t–1275t, 1315. See also Infertility. Fat embolism, 1565 Fertilization, 1264 pulmonary embolism and, 553 in vitro, 1315–1316 Fat emulsion, in parenteral nutrition, 917 Fertinex (urofollitropin), for infertility, 1316t Fat necrosis, of breast, 1279t Festinating gait, 1539t Fatigue Fetal hemoglobin, 650 chronic, 1634, 1634t FEV1/FVC ratio, 490t vs. fibromyalgia syndrome, 1634t in restrictive vs. obstructive lung disease, 550t in cancer, 262t–263t, 263 Fever, 172, 173f in dying patient, 148t–150t in bacterial meningitis, 1417–1419 in heart failure, 779 in myocardial infarction, 755 in multiple sclerosis, 1466 in neutropenia, 664–665 Fats, 898–900. See also Lipids/lipoproteins. management of, 173 dietary restriction of, 745, 745t, 923 metabolic effects of, 903 in diabetic diet, 1202t, 1203 postoperative, 355t, 356 in stool, 890t, 1024 Feverfew, 85t in chronic pancreatitis, 1065 Fexofenadine (Allegra), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic, 1044–1045 Fiber, dietary, 989–990, 990t Fears Fiberall (psyllium), for constipation, 989t of dying patient, 147 Fiberoptic catheters, in intracranial pressure monitoring, 1396 preoperative, 316–317 Fibric acid derivatives, 746, 747t Febrile neutropenia, 665–666 Fibrin degradation products, 621, 630t, 663 Febuxostat (Uloric), for gout, 1620 Fibrin sealant, 177 Fecal analysis, 891t–894t Fibrin split products, 621, 630t, 663 Fecal impaction, 985–986 Fibrinogen, 630t Fecal incontinence, 985–986, 987t Fibrinolysis, 620, 621f in Alzheimer’s disease, 1120 Fibrinolytics in cauda equina syndrome, 1510, 1589–1590 administration of, 759 in dying patient, 139t–140t for acute coronary syndrome, 752t, 758–761 Fecal management systems, 988 for angina, 752t Fecaliths, 996 for pulmonary embolism, 554 Feces, 880. See also Stool. indications/contraindications for, 759, 759t Feedback, in hormone secretion, 1171–1172, 1173f–1174f Fibroadenoma, of breast, 1279t, 1280–1281, 1281f Feeding. See also Eating; Food; Nutrition. Fibroblasts, 176, 176t, 414 after stroke, 1445, 1445f Fibrocystic breast tissue, 1279t, 1280, 1280f in Alzheimer’s disease, 1495 Fibroid tumors. See Leiomyomas. oral, 908 Fibromyalgia syndrome, 1632–1633, 1633f tube. See Enteral nutrition. vs. chronic fatigue syndrome, 1632t Feeding tubes. See Enteral nutrition. vs. myofascial pain, 1632t Feen-a-mint (phenolphthalein), for constipation, 989t Fibrothorax, 543f, 551–552 Felbamate (Felbatol), for seizures, 1460 Fibrous cartilage, 1532 44 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Fight-or-flight response, 91, 92f, 1377 intracellular, 282, 283f Filgrastim (Neupogen) transcellular, 282 for cancer, 271–272, 271t Fluid and electrolyte balance, 282 for neutropenia, 666 active transport in, 283–284 Film dressings, 180, 181t diffusion in, 284, 284f Filters in older adults, 288 carotid artery, 1432–1433 normal values for, 288, 288t vena cava, 865 osmosis in, 284, 285f Filtration, HEPA, 667 preoperative assessment of, 320 Filtration surgery, for glaucoma, 398 regulation of, 283–288, 1078–1079 Fimbriae, 1260 renal system in, 1077–1078 Finasteride (Proscar) Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, 288 for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 1349, 1349b, 1350t assessment in, 304–306, 305t for prostate cancer prevention, 1355 case study of, 311b Fine-needle aspiration biopsy. See also Biopsy. clinical manifestations of, 305t of breast, 1279 diagnosis of, 305–306, 305t Finger extracellular fluid volume, 289 clubbing of, 481, 484t–485t, 699t–700t fluid deficit. See Fluid volume deficit. osteoarthritis of. See Osteoarthritis. fluid excess. See Fluid volume excess. Finger joint arthroplasty, 1577 in acute kidney injury, 1138 Finger-to-nose test, 1384 in burn injury, 453–454, 453f–454f, 461 Fire ant bites, 1730 in chronic kidney disease, 1142–1144, 1146 First pass effect, 128 in increased intracranial pressure, 1401–1404 First spacing, 286 in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, 1696 First-degree atrioventricular block, 802t, 806, 806f in systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 1696 Fish oil, 84b, 721b nursing management of, 289–291 Fissures, 419t of calcium, 296–297, 297t anal, 890t, 1028 of magnesium, 299–300, 300t Fistulas, 179t of phosphate, 298–299, 299t anal, 1028, 1028f of potassium, 294–295, 294t arteriovenous, in hemodialysis, 1155, 1155f of sodium, 291–293, 292f, 293t definition of, 1342 postoperative, 351–352 in Crohn’s disease, 999 stress and, 287, 287f vaginal, 1341f, 1342 ventilator-associated, 1665 FITT formula, 744–745, 769t Fluid and electrolyte movement, 283–286 Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome, 1328 between capillaries and tissue, 285, 286f Five As/Five Rs, for smoking cessation, 157, 157t between intracellular and extracellular fluid, 284f, 286 5% dextrose in water, 307 Fluid chemistry, terminology of, 283t 5-HT3 antagonists, for nausea and vomiting, 942 Fluid compartments, 282 FK506 (tacrolimus), for transplantation, 213–215 Fluid deficit. See Fluid volume deficit. Flagyl. See Metronidazole (Flagyl). Fluid distribution, 282, 283f Flail chest, 543t, 544, 544f Fluid excess. See Fluid volume excess. Flapping tremor, 1049 Fluid gain, calculation of, 282 in acute kidney injury, 1138 Fluid intake and output Flaps in older adults, 290 deep inferior epigastric artery perforator, 1288t, 1297 measurement of, 289 musculocutaneous normal values for, 288, 288t in breast reconstruction, 1288t, 1295–1297, 1297f Fluid loss transverse rectus abdominis, 1288t, 1296, 1297f calculation of, 282 skin, 444–445 insensible, 288 in amputation, 1572 Fluid shifts, 286, 286f Flatfoot, 1539t, 1594t Fluid spaces, 282 Flatulence Fluid spacing, 286 in irritable bowel syndrome, 993 Fluid therapy, 306–308. See also Transfusion(s). postoperative, 356 Brooke formula for, 457, 457t Flecainide (Tambocor), for dysrhythmias, 809t central venous access devices for, 1722–1723 Fleet enema, for constipation, 989t delegation in, 307b Flexion, 1538t emergency, 1722–1723 Flexion contractures, after amputation, 1573 for acute kidney injury, 1139–1141 Floaters, 371t for ARDS, 1716 Flolan (epoprostenol), for pulmonary hypertension, 556 for ascites, 1049 Flonase (fluticasone), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t for burns, 456t–457t, 457 Flovent (fluticasone), for asthma, 571, 573t–574t for chronic kidney disease, 1148–1149 Fluconazole (Diflucan), for vaginal candidiasis, 1326t for diabetes insipidus, 1232 Fluid for diabetic ketoacidosis, 1214–1215 extracellular, 282, 284f for heart failure, 785 functions of, 282 for hemorrhage, 645–646 45 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

for hypernatremia, 292–293 Folex. See Methotrexate (Folex, Rheumatrex). for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome, 1216 Folk healers, 25, 28–29. See also Complementary and alternative for hypervolemia, 289–290 therapies. for hypovolemia, 289–290 Follicle-stimulating hormone, 1172t, 1175, 1184t–1187t, 1262–1263, for kidney stones, 1111–1112 1262f for renal transplant, 1163–1164 deficiency of, 1229 for shock, 1684–1686, 1685t in menopause, 1323 for spinal cord injury, 1520 in menstrual cycle, 1263, 1263f for stroke, 1433 measurement of, 1270–1272, 1272t–1275t for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, 1231 Follicle-stimulating hormone agonists, for infertility, 1316t for upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 959, 961 Folliculitis, 430t, 431 for urinary tract infections, 1097–1099 Follitropin (Gonal-f, Follistim), for infertility, 1316t intravenous, 306–308 Fondaparinux (Arixtra), for venous thromboembolism, 863t, 864 oral, 306 Food. See also Diet; Feeding; Nutrition. Parkland (Baxter) formula for, 457, 457t safe storage and handling of, 1507–1508 perioperative, 320 Food additives, asthma and, 563 plasma expanders in, 307–308 Food allergies, 208 postoperative, for ileostomy, 1021 Food security/insecurity, 903 solutions in Foodborne illness, 978–981, 979t, 983t additives to, 307 Food-drug interactions, 904 colloid, 307, 1705b Food-induced headaches, 1451, 1455. See also Headaches. hypertonic, 285, 285f, 306–308, 306t Foot hypotonic, 285, 285f, 306–308, 306t Charcot, 1222 isotonic, 285, 285f, 306–308, 306t disorders of, 1592, 1594t parenteral, 916–917 flat, 1539t, 1594t Fluid volume deficit, 285, 289–291, 289t. See also Fluid and electrolyte Foot care imbalances; Hypovolemic shock. in diabetes mellitus, 1211, 1222 in burn injury, 453–454, 453f in peripheral arterial disease, 857, 857t postoperative, 351 Foot ulcers, diabetic, 1219t, 1220f–1221f, 1221–1222, 1222t Fluid volume excess, 285, 289–291, 289t. See also Fluid and electrolyte Footdrop, 1562t imbalances. Foradil (formoterol) in acute kidney injury, 1138 for asthma, 573t–574t, 572 in polycythemia, 651–653, 652f for COPD, 594 postoperative, 351 Forane (isoflurane), 340t Flumazenil (Romazicon), for benzodiazepine overdose, 162 Forced expiratory volume, 489–490, 490t Flunisolide (Nasalide), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t in restrictive vs. obstructive lung disease, 550t Fluorescein angiography, ocular, 374t Forced midexpiratory flow rate, 489–490, 490t Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), 633 Forced vital capacity, 489–490, 490t Fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA-Abs) test, 1272, 1272t–1275t, Foreign bodies 1304–1305 in ear, 403 Fluoroquinolones in eye, 386t for osteomyelitis, 1583 nasal, 501 side effects of, 1584 Foreign language speakers, communication with, 31, 31t Fluorouracil, topical, 439 Forgetfulness. See also Memory loss. Fluothane (halothane), 340t normal, vs. Alzheimer’s disease, 1485t Flushing, 626t–627t Formoterol (Foradil, Perforomist) niacin-related, 746, 746b for asthma, 573t–574t, 572 Flutamide (Eulexin), for prostate cancer, 1359t, 1360 for COPD, 594 Fluticasone (Flonase, Flovent) Formula, enteral nutrition, 911–912 for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Forteo (teriparatide), for osteoporosis, 1596 for asthma, 571, 573t–574t Fosamax (alendronate), for osteoporosis, 1596 Fluticasone furoate (Veramyst), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Fosinopril (Monopril), for hypertension, 724t–727t Fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair) 4 x 4 technique, 94t for asthma, 573t–574t, 575 Four-point gait, 1563 for COPD, 594 Fovea centralis, 365 Flutter device, 599, 599f Fractional flow reserve, 703t–707t, 711 Flutter (Heimlich) valve, 546, 546f Fracture(s), 1551–1557 Fluvastatin (Lescol), 747t acute intervention for, 1558 Foam dressings, 181t ambulation and, 1563 Focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST), 1725 assessment in, 1557–1558, 1558t Focused assessment, 42–43, 43t neurovascular, 1557, 1562, 1564 Folate (folic acid), 631t avulsion, 1545 endogenous, deficiency of, anemia and, 641t, 643–645, 963, 965 callus formation in, 1551, 1551f exogenous casts for, 1554. See also Casts (fracture). for alcohol intoxication, 159 classification of, 1551 for methotrexate GI toxicity, 1625b clinical manifestations of, 1551, 1552t with sulfasalazine, 1004 closed, 1551, 1551f 46 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

collaborative care for, 1553–1557, 1553t skull, 1404–1405, 1405f, 1405t. See also Head injury. Colles’, 1565 spiral, 1551, 1551f comminuted, 1551 stress, 1551f compartment syndrome and, 1564, 1564f surgery for complete vs. incomplete, 1551 postoperative care in, 1558 complications of, 1562t, 1563–1565 preoperative care in, 1558 counseling and referrals for, 1563 traction for, 1553, 1560 definition of, 1551 transverse, 1551, 1551f delayed union of, 1553, 1553t types of, 1565 displaced, 1551 venous thromboembolism and, 1564–1565 drug therapy for, 1555–1556 Fracture hematoma, 1552, 1552f electrical stimulation for, 1552 Fragmin. See Dalteparin (Fragmin). emergency management of, 1557t Frail elderly, 60, 63 evaluation in, 1563 Frank-Starling law, 775–776, 1642 external fixation for, 1555, 1556f Fraxiparin (nadroparin), for venous thromboembolism, 863t fat embolism and, 1565 Fremitus, 482, 484t–485t pulmonary embolism and, 553 Fresh frozen plasma, 681t greenstick, 1551, 1551f Friction rub healing of, 1551–1553, 1552f pericardial, 699t–700t, 701 complications of, 1553t in pericarditis, 824 health promotion for, 1558 pleural, 484, 484t–485t, 552 immobilization of, 1554–1556 Frontal bone, fractures of, 1570–1571, 1570t complications of, 1558–1560 Frontal lobe, 1375, 1375f, 1376t implementation in, 1558–1563 Frontotemporal dementia, 1495–1496 in multiple myeloma, 678 FTA-Abs test, 1271, 1272t–1275 in older adults, 1545t Full code, 145 internal fixation of, 1553, 1555, 1555f, 1567f Full-thickness burns, 447f, 449, 449t malunion of, 1553t Fulminant hepatic failure, 1058–1059 nondisplaced, 1551 Fulminant viral hepatitis, 1035 nonunion of, 1553, 1553t Fulvestrant (Faslodex), for breast cancer, 1289t, 1290 nursing care plan for, 1559b–1560b Functional health patterns, 36–38 nursing diagnoses for, 1558 in assessment, 37t nursing management of, 1557–1563 of auditory system, 376–378, 377t nutritional therapy for, 1556–1557 of cardiovascular system, 695–698 oblique, 1551, 1551f of endocrine system, 1180–1181 of facial bones, 1570–1571, 1570t of gastrointestinal system, 884, 885t of femur of hematologic system, 623–625, 624t location of, 1567f of integumentary system, 417–418, 417t of neck, 1566. See also Hip, fractures of. of musculoskeletal system, 1535 of shaft, 1569 of nervous system, 1380 of frontal bone, 1570–1571, 1570t of reproductive system, 1265 of hip. See Hip, fractures of. of respiratory system, 477–480, 478t of humerus, 1565–1566, 1566f of urinary system, 1081–1084 of mandible, 1570–1571, 1570t, 1571f of visual system, 367–370, 369t of maxilla, 1570–1571, 1570t in health history, 37t of neck, 1567–1568 nursing diagnoses and, 14 of nose, 493–494, 1570–1571, 1570t Functional hearing loss, 407 of orbit, 1404–1405, 1405t, 1570–1571, 1570t Functional incontinence, 1120t–1121t of pelvis, 1566 Functional residual capacity, 489–490, 490t of rib, 544–545, 551t Fundus, gastric, 878f, 879 in flail chest, 544, 544f Fungal infections, 217, 218t of skull, 1404–1405, 1405f, 1404t. See also Head injury. cutaneous, 433, 433f, 433t of temporal bone, 1404–1405, 1405t in burns, 460 of tibia, 1556f, 1569 in neutropenia, 664–666 of vertebrae, 1569–1570 pulmonary, 534, 533t pathologic, 1583, 1539t, 1596–1597 Fungizone (amphotericin B), for infective endocarditis, 822t spinal cord injury in, 1508–1516 See also Spinal cord injury. Furadantin (nitrofurantoin), for urinary tract infections, 1096–1097, of wrist, 1565 1097b of zygomatic arch, 1570–1571, 1570t Furosemide (Lasix) open, 1551, 1551f, 1556 for cirrhosis, 1053t infection of, 1563–1564 for hypertension, 724t–727t pathologic, 1551f Furuncles, 430t, 431 in osteoporosis, 1539t, 1596–1598 Furunculosis, 430t, 431 planning in, 1558 Fusiform aneurysm, 845, 845f psychosocial aspects of, 1562–1563 radiologic union of, 1552 reduction of, 1553–1554 G 47 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), 1374t Gastric varices Gag reflex, assessment of, 1383, 1443 in cirrhosis, 1048, 1051, 1057 Gait management of, 1051, 1051f antalgic, 1539t Gastrin, 880t ataxic, 1539t serum, 891t–894t festinating, 1577t Gastrinoma, 967 four-point, 1563 Gastritis, 962–963, 962t, 963t short-leg, 1539t autoimmune, 963 spastic, 1539t bile reflux, 974 steppage, 1539t Gastroduodenostomy, for peptic ulcers, 973, 974f swing-through, 1563 Gastroenteritis, 998 swing-to, 1563 in foodborne illness, 978–981 two-point, 1563 Gastroepiploic artery, in coronary artery bypass grafting, 760 with assistive devices, 1563 Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 948–951 Gait analysis, 1383 asthma and, 563 Galactorrhea, 1270t, 1281 clinical manifestations of, 948–949 Galantamine (Razadyne), for Alzheimer’s disease, 1488 collaborative care for, 949t, 950, 951 Gallbladder, 877f, 881f, 882 complications of, 949 cancer of, 1073–1074 diagnosis of, 949–950 surgery of, 1070t drug therapy for, 950–951, 950t ultrasonography of, 892f endoscopic therapy for, 951 Gallbladder disease, 1068–1069 etiology of, 948 nursing management of, 1071–1073 hiatal hernia and, 953–954 race/ethnicity and, 1033b in older adults, 953–954 Gallstones, 1068–1069, 1068f, 1069t–1070t, 1072t lifestyle modifications for, 950, 950b gender differences in, 1068b nursing management of, 951, 952, 952t ultrasonography of, 892f nutritional therapy for, 950 Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), 1315–1316 pathophysiology of, 948, 948f Gamma knife surgery, 260 patient teaching for, 952t for trigeminal neuralgia, 1503 surgery for, 951, 951f Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 1374t Gastrografin, 889 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, 896t Gastrointestinal bleeding, 640 Ganglion cysts, 1539t anemia from, 641t, 645–646 Ganglionic blockers, for hypertension, 724t–727t clinical manifestations of, 645t Ganirelix (Antagon), for infertility, 1316t FAST imaging in, 1725 Garamycin (gentamicin), for osteomyelitis, 1583 scintigraphy of, 891t–894t Gardasil, 1309, 1333–1334, 1335 upper, 958–961 Garlic, 85t collaborative care for, 959–960 for hyperlipidemia, 746b diagnosis of, 959 Gas, abdominal, 355–356 drug therapy for, 959–960, 960t Gastrectomy, 884t, 977f emergency management of, 959 bile reflux gastritis and, 974 endoscopic therapy for, 959 dumping syndrome and, 933–934, 973–974, 974t esophageal, 959 partial, for peptic ulcers, 975 etiology of, 958–959, 958t postoperative care and, 975 gastroduodenal, 959 postprandial hypoglycemia and, 973–974 in peptic ulcer disease, 967, 972 preoperative care for, 975–976 in stress-related mucosal disease, 959 total, for cancer, 896t, 977f nursing management of, 960–962, 961t vertical sleeve, 931t, 932f, 933 pathophysiology of, 958–959 Gastric banding, 931t, 932–933, 932f surgery for, 959 Gastric bypass, roux-en-Y, 931t, 932f, 932 types of, 958t Gastric cancer, 976–978, 977f, 976t, 977f Gastrointestinal disorders pernicious anemia and, 644–645 in burn injury, 461–462 Gastric disorders, 890t, 962 obesity and, 926, 926f in older adults, 882–883, 883t postoperative, 356 Gastric distention skin manifestations of, 437t in mechanical ventilation, 1665 upper tract, 940 in spinal cord injury, 1513–1514 Gastrointestinal surgery, 884t Gastric empyting studies, 891t–894 NPO status after, 993b Gastric inhibitory peptide, 880t Gastrointestinal system, 876–896 Gastric lavage, for poisoning, 1731 assessment of, 884–889 Gastric outlet obstruction, in peptic ulcer disease, 967–968, 970, 972 common abnormalities on, 890t Gastric residual, in enteral nutrition, 911 diagnostic studies in, 889–896 Gastric secretions, 879–880, 880t focused, 889, 889b hormonal regulation of, 880t functional health patterns and, 884 phases of, 880t health history in, 884, 885t Gastric ulcers. See Peptic ulcer disease. medication history in, 884 48 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

normal findings on, 889t in cystic fibrosis, 605, 606, 606b physical examination in, 886–889 in diabetes mellitus functions of, 876–878 type1, 1212t digestion and absorption, 879–880 type2, 1192, 1212t ingestion and propulsion of food, 878–879 in drug therapy, 28 in older adults, 882–883, 883t, 888–889 in hypertension, 717 structures of, 877–882, 877f in obesity, 923–924 Gastrojejunostomy, for peptic ulcers, 973 in rheumatoid arthritis, 1610 Gastroparesis, 1180 in sickle cell disease, 647b in diabetes mellitus, 1221 Genetic testing, 192, 193, 192b, 192t, 193f Gastropexy, 953 Genetics, 189–193 Gastroplasty, vertical banded, 931t, 932, 932f principles of, 189–191 Gastrostomy tubes, 884t, 910, 910f. See also Enteral nutrition. terminology of, 190t drainage from, 358t Genetics Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), 193, 194b infection prevention for, 916b Gengraf (cyclosporine), for transplantation, 213–214, 214t Gaucon (epinephrine), for glaucoma, 399t–400t Genioglossal advancement and hyoid myotomy, 110 Gaze Genital herpes, 1306, 1308, 1307f, 1308t cardinal positions of, 372, 372f Genital warts, 1308, 1309, 1309f, 1326, 1328 disconjugate, 1383 Genitalia Gefitinib (Iressa), for cancer, 269t–270t female Gemfibrozil (Lopid), 747t disorders of, 1326, 1328 Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg), for cancer, 269t–270t examination of, 1269 Gender differences structures and functions of, 1261, 1261f culture and, 29 male in access to care, 22–23 disorders of, 1720t in aging, 61–62, 62b examination of, 1268 in Alzheimer’s disease, 1486b structures and functions of, 1259f, 1260 in asthma, 563b Genotropin (Somatropin), for hypopituitarism, 1229 in cancer, 242, 242t Gentamicin (Garamycin), for osteomyelitis, 1583 in cardiovascular system, 698b Geographic tongue, 890t in cholelithiasis, 1068b GERD. See Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). in COPD, 585, 585b Geriatric assessment, 67 in coronary artery bypass grafting, 760 Gerontologic nursing, 66. See also Older adults. in coronary artery disease, 740, 740b, 754, 754b Gestational diabetes, 1193 in dementia, 1486b GF (chemical weapon), 1734t in endocrine disorders, 1226b Ghost sickness, 29t in gout, 1620b Ghrelin, 924–925, 924t in headaches, 1450 Giant cell, 171 in heart failure, 775b Giant cell tumor of bone, 1585t in hernias, 1024b Giardiasis, 220t, 983, 985, 983t in hip fractures, 1567b Giemsa’s stain, 423t in hypertension, 714b Gigantism, 1226 in irritable bowel syndrome, 994b Ginger, 85t in lung cancer, 536, 536b for nausea and vomiting, 943b in osteoarthritis, 1602 Gingival hyperplasia, phenytoin-related, 1460 in osteoporosis, 1595, 1596, 1597b Gingivitis, 890t, 945t in pain, 115b Ginkgo biloba, 85t in sexually transmitted diseases, 1301 for Alzheimer’s disease, 1490, 1490b in smoking cessation, 157 Ginseng, 85t, 96b in stroke, 1426b Glands in urinary incontinence, 1119b endocrine, 1170–1171. See also Endocrine system. in urinary tract infections, 1095 exocrine, 1170–1171 in vascular disorders, 844b Glans, 1259–1260 Gene therapy, 192–193, 273 Glargine (Lantus), 1196–1197 for cancer, 273 Glasgow Coma Scale, 1396, 1400, 1400t General adaptation syndrome, 90, 91 head injury prognosis and, 1404–1405 General anesthesia, 338, 339, 338t . See also Anesthesia. Glasses, corrective, 383 General survey, 39–42, 41t–42t. See also Physical examination. Glaucoma, 366, 397–398 Generalized seizures, 1456, 1456t. See also Seizure(s). ambulatory and home care for, 400 Genes, 189 case study of, 411 Genetic disorders, inheritance patterns in, 190, 190t, 193, 193f clinical manifestations of, 397 Genetic factors collaborative care for, 398, 398t in Alzheimer’s disease, 1486b, 1488 diagnosis of, 397–398, 398t in asthma, 562 etiology of, 397 in breast cancer, 1282, 1283, 1283b in older adults, 400 in COPD, 586, 586b nursing management of, 398–400 in coronary artery disease, 740.741b pathophysiology of, 397 49 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

primary angle-closure, 397, 398 Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, for angina/acute coronary syndrome, primary open-angle, 397, 398 738 secondary, 397 Glycosylated hemoglobin treatment of, 397, 398, 398t measurement of, 1184t–1187t pharmacologic, 398, 399t–400t, 400 Glynase (glyburide), for diabetes mellitus, 1200, 1200t surgical, 398 Glyset (miglitol), for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 Gleason scale, 1356 Goiter, 1182t–1183t, 1233, 1333t Gleevec (imatinib), for cancer, 269t–270t in Graves’ disease, 1233f Glial cells, 1372 toxic nodular, 1235 Gliding joints, 1533f Gold compounds, 1605t–1607t Glimepiride (Amaryl), for diabetes mellitus, 1200, 1200t Goldenseal, 517b Glioblastoma multiforme. 1412, 1413f. See also Brain tumors. Golimimab (Simponi), for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1605 Gliomas, 1412. See also Brain tumors. GoLYTELY (polyethylene glycol), for constipation, 989t Glipizide (Glucotrol), for diabetes mellitus, 1200, 1200t Gonadal hormones, 1172t, 1262, 1262f, 1263t Global aphasia, 1430t in older adults, 1178, 1265 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), 569 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, 1262, 1262f Globe Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists disorders of, 371t for endometriosis, 1329 rupture of, 1570 for infertility, 1316t Globus sensation, 949 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists, for infertility, 1316t Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 1078, 1146, 1146t Gonadotropins, measurement of, 1184t–1187t Glomerulonephritis, 1103–1104 Gonads, 1288. See also Ovary; Testis. acute, 1104t Gonal-F (follitropin), for infertility, 1316t poststreptococcal, 1104 Goniometer, 1537–1537f chronic, 1105 Gonorrhea, 1301–1303, 1301f–1302f, 1302t rapidly progressive, 1105 case study of, 1313b Glomerulus, 1077, 1077f, 1078t diagnosis of, 1272t–1275t, 1302, 1302t Glossectomy, 884t, 946–947 screening for, 1311 Glossitis, 890t Good lung down position, 1708 in iron-deficiency anemia, 640 Goodpasture syndrome, 203, 1105 Glossopharyngeal nerve, 1378f, 1378t Gordon’s functional health patterns. See Functional health patterns. examination of, 1384 Goserelin (Zoladex), for prostate cancer, 1358–1359, 1359t Gloving, preoperative, 335–336 Gout, 1116, 1620–1622, 1620t–1621t, 1620f Glucagon, 1172t, 1177–1178 Gowning, preoperative, 335–336 for hypoglycemia, 1217 Graduated compression stockings, 862 Glucocorticoids, 1177, 1247. See also Corticosteroids. Graft(s), 458, 458t Glucophage (metformin) arteriovenous, in hemodialysis, 1156, 1156f contrast media and, 1210 coronary artery. See Coronary artery bypass grafting. for diabetes mellitus, 1200, 1200t, 1209–1210 endovascular Glucosamine, 86t, 1608b ambulatory and home care for, 848–849 Glucose for aortic aneurysms, 847–848, 847f endogenous for aortic dissection, 850 drug effects on, 1202t for peripheral arterial disease, 854, 854f, 857t estimated blood, 1194 nursing management of, 847–849 in cerebrospinal fluid, 1389t postoperative care for, 847–849 measurement of, 1184t–1187t skin. See Skin grafts. metabolism of, insulin in, 1178 Graft rejection, in renal transplant, 1164 urinary, measurement of, 1184t–1187t Graft-versus-host disease, 215–216 exogenous, for alcohol intoxication, 160 Gram stain, for gonorrhea, 1272t–1275t Glucose monitoring, 1204–1206, 1205f, 1205t Grand mal seizures, 1456–1457 Glucose tolerance, impaired, 1192–1194 Granisetron (Kytril), for nausea and vomiting, 942 α-Glucosidase inhibitors, for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 Granulation tissue, 176, 177f, 179t Glucosuria, 1091t Granulocyte, 617f, 618–619, 620t Glucotrol (glipizide), for diabetes mellitus, 1200, 1200t Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, 198t–199t Glucovance (metformin/glyburide), 1200t for cancer, 270–271, 270t Glulisine (Apidra), 1196 for neutropenia, 667 Glutamate, 1374t Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, 198t–199t γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase, 896t for cancer, 270–271, 270t Gluten-sensitive enteropathy, 1025–1026, 1036t for neutropenia, 667 Glyburide (Micronase, DiaBeta, Glynase), for diabetes mellitus, 1200, Granulocytopenia, 664 1200t Granuloma annulare, in diabetes mellitus, 1222 Glycemic index (GI), 1203 Granulomatous thyroiditis, 1234 Glycerin liquid (Ophthalgan, Osmoglyn Oral), for glaucoma, 399t–400t Graphesthesia, 1385 Glycerol rhizotomy, 1502, 1503f Graves’ disease, 1234. See also Hyperthyroidism. Glycerol test, 405 case study of, 1256b Glycine, 1374t Gray matter, 1375 Glycolic acid, 441t Grey Turner’s sign, 845, 995, 1061–1062 50 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Grief Hashish, 154t, 152 in spinal cord injury, 1525–1526, 1526t Haustral churning, 880 Groshong catheters, 309. See also Central venous access devices. Haversian systems, 1530, 1531f Grotton’s papules, 1631–1632, 1632f Hawthorn, 85t, 782b Grotton’s sign, 1631–1632 Hay fever, 201 Growth hormone (GH), 1172t, 1175 Head and neck, examination of, 41t, 42t endogenous Head and neck cancer, 510–519, 945–947 deficiency of, 1229 airway management in, 516–519 excess of, in acromegaly, 1228–1229 ambulatory and home care for, 517 measurement of, 1184t–1187t assessment in, 526, 526t exogenous, for hypopituitarism, 1229 chemotherapy for, 511 Growth hormone stimulation, measurement of, 1184t–1187t clinical manifestations of, 510 Guanabenz (Wytensin), for hypertension, 724t–727t collaborative care for, 510–512 Guanadrel sulfate (Hylorel), for hypertension, 724t–727t diagnosis of, 510 Guanethidine (Ismelin), for hypertension, 724t–727t evaluation in, 518–519 Guanfacine (Tenex), for hypertension, 724t–727t health promotion for, 513 Guardianship, 953b implementation in, 512–519 Guglielmi detachable coils, 1435, 1435f nursing diagnoses for, 513 Guided imagery, 95 nursing management of, 512–520 Guided meditation, 95 nutrition in, 512–513 Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1505–1506 planning in, 513 pulmonary complications of, 551t radiation therapy for, 510, 513 Guillotine amputation, 1572 surgery for, See also Laryngectomy.510–516, 511f–512f Gummas, syphilitic, 1303, 1304t, 1305f swallowing problems in, 262t–263t, 265, 511 Gynecomastia, 1281 Head blocks, 1721 in cirrhosis, 1057 Head injury, 1404–1408 senescent, 1281 acute intervention in, 1409 Gynoid obesity, 922–923, 923f, 923t ambulatory and home care for, 1409 assessment in, 1410, 1410t case history of, 1422b H complications of, 1406–1407 H1N1 infection, 218 diagnosis of, 1407 H1N1 influenza, 498 emergency management of, 1407, 1408t, 1408 evaluation in, 1414 H2-receptor blockers for cirrhosis, 1052 family concerns in, 1410 for GERD, 951 health promotion for, 1408 for peptic ulcers, 968 implementation in, 1408–1409 for upper GI bleeding, 959, 960t increased intracranial pressure in, . See also Increased intracranial Hair, 414 pressure.1411 assessment of, . See also Integumentary system, assessment of.416– mechanical ventilation in, 1665 422 nursing diagnoses for, 1412 examination of, 41t–42t nursing management of, 1412–1414, 1412t in endocrine disorders, 1182t–1183t patient teaching for, 1411t in older adults, 416, 416t planning in, 1408–1409 inspection of 420 psychosocial aspects of, 1410 Hair care, 426 respiratory complications of, 551t Hair cells, 374 scalp lacerations, 1404 Hair loss. See Alopecia. skull fractures, 1404–1405, 1405f, 1405t Hallux rigidus, 1594t traumatic brain injury in, 1404, 1405–1406 Hallux valgus, 1593f, 1594t types of, 1404–1405 in rheumatoid arthritis, 1611–1612, 1612f Head lice, 433–434, 434t Halo sign, 1404–1405, 1405f Headaches, 1449–1450 Halo vest, 1519, 1519f, 1520t, 1570 acupuncture for, 1452b Haloperidol (Haldol), for delirium, 1498–1499 assessment in, 1454–1456, 1454t Halothane (Fluothane), 340t brain tumor–related, 1412 Hamartomas, of lung, 541 caffeine withdrawal, 320 Hammer toe, 1594t, 1593f case study of, 1480b Hamwi formula, 912t classification of, 1449 Hand, burns of, 450, 459 cluster, 1450t, 1451–1452, 1453 Hand antisepsis, surgical, 335–336 collaborative care for, 1452–1454, 1453t Hand massage, 85 complementary and alternative therapies for, 1452 Hand-foot syndrome, in chemotherapy, 266–267 diagnosis of, 1451–1454, 1451t, 1453t Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, 535, 535t drug therapy for, 1452–1453 Haplotypes, 211 etiology of, 1456 Hartmann’s pouch, 1016, 1016f food-induced, 1451, 1454 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, 1234, 1234f gender differences in, 1450b in bacterial meningitis, 1416–1417 51 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

in increased intracranial pressure, 1394 medical focus in, 34–35, 35t medication overuse, 1454 medication history in, 36 migraine, 450t, 1450–1451 in preoperative assessment, 319–320 nursing care plan for, 1455b nursing focus in, 34 nursing management of, 1454–1456, 1454t objective data in, . See also Physical examination.35, 39–42 pain location in, 1450f past, 36 patient teaching for, 1455t patient interview in, 35–36 primary, 1449, 1450t preoperative, 320, 321t ruptured aneurysm and, 1429b sexual history in, 1268, 1268t secondary, 1449, 1451 subjective data in, . See also Health history.35–39 tension-type, 1450–1452, 1450t surgical history in, 38 Head-up tilt-test, 816 symptom investigation for, 35, 35t Healing. See Wound healing. Health insurance Healing Touch, 86 for home health care, 76 Health, determinants of, 19-20, 20f for immigrants, 22 Health beliefs and practices, cultural factors in, 25–30, 26t–27t health care reform and, 6, 20 Health care informatics, 9–10 Medicare/Medicaid, 22, 65–66, 76, 140–141 Health care personnel, hepatitis in, 1042 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), 34 Health care rationing, 1057b, 1161 Health literacy, 21, 50 Health care reform, 6, 22–24 Health maintenance organizations (HMOs), 73 community-based nursing and, 73 Health perception–health management pattern, 36t, 37 Health care system, factors for change in, . See also Health care Health promotion. See also Healthy People initiative. reform.72–73 for older adults, 69 Health care–associated infections, 221 in community-based nursing, 73 pneumonia, . See also Pneumonia.521–522, 521t models for, 46–47, 47t urinary tract, 1095 teaching in. See Patient and caregiver teaching. Health disparities, 20–22, 22b Health Promotion Model, 46 age and, 21 Health status, 19 case study of, 32b Healthy People initiative, 4–5, 5t, 19 contributing factors to, 20–22, 20t access to health services and, 4–5, 5t , 19, 19b cultural factors in, . See also Culture.20–21, 21f, 25–34, 31t Hearing definition of, 20 decibel levels and, 407, 408t ethical aspects of, 20b mechanics of, 375 gender and, 21–22, 61–62, 62b Hearing aids, 408–409, 409t geographic location and, 21, 63 Hearing loss, 406–407 health care reform and, 22–25 assistive devices/techniques for, 408–410 heart failure and, 775b, 784 causes of, 407f hypertension and, 714b central, 373, 407 impact on health, 22 classification of, 407 in asthma, 562b clinical manifestations of, 407 in brain tumors, 1410b collaborative care for, 407–409 in chronic kidney disease, 1142b communication in, 407 in coronary artery disease, 740, 740b conductive, 373, 406–407 in diabetes mellitus, 1206b cultural factors in, 383 in female reproductive cancers, 1332b delegation in, 517b in gallbladder disease, 1033b diagnosis of, 379–380, 379t in hematologic disorders, 636b functional, 407 in liver disease, 1033b in bacterial meningitis, 1416 in lung cancer, 532b in congenital rubella, 408 in osteoporosis, 1595b in Ménière’s disease, 405 in pancreatic disease, 1033b in older adults, 372, 373t, 410–412, 410t in prostate cancer, 1355b in otosclerosis, 404–405 in sexually transmitted diseases, 1301b mixed, 407 in stroke, 1426b, 1427 nursing management of, 407–410 in testicular cancer, 1358b prevention of, 407–408, 408b in tuberculosis, 528b sensorineural, 370, 407 in urologic disorders, 1096b Hearing tests, 379–380, 379t nursing management and, 21 Heart. See also under Cardiac; Cardiovascular. provider attitudes and, 22 adverse drug effects on, 695t socioeconomic status and, 21 anatomic orientation of, 699f Health history, 34–36 artificial, 1654 data collection for, 34–36 assessment of, . See also Cardiovascular system, assessment of.694– data organization for, 36, 37t 701 delegation for, 43b blood flow through, 690f functional health patterns in, 36, 37, 38t, 39–40 imaging studies of, 702t–706t important health information in, 36–37 in older adults, 693–694, 694t in culturally competent care, 36 mechanical system of, 692 52 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

neural control of, 795 race/ethnicity and, 776b, 784 structures and functions of, 690–692, 690f, 820 right-sided, 778–779, 778f Heart block sympathetic nervous system in, 775 Mobitz I (Wenckebach), 802t, 806, 806f systolic, 775 Mobitz II, 825t, 829, 829f802t, 806, 806f ultrafiltration for, 781 third-degree (complete), 802t, 806f, 807f Heart murmurs. See Murmurs. Heart disease Heart rate, 693 antibiotic prophylaxis for, 821, 821t, 821b cardiac output and, 693 atherosclerotic. See Coronary artery disease. during exercise, 768 biomarkers in, 702, 703t–707t in older adults, 695 diagnosis of, 702–712, 703t–707t measurement of, 698 health promotion for, 743–744, 743b normal values for, 1643t hypertensive, 718–719, 718f, 718t on electrocardiogram, 798 in cancer treatment, 262t–264t, 267 Heart sounds in chronic kidney disease, 1143 auscultation of, 699, 699t–700t, 700f, 701 inflammatory, 820 electrocardiogram and, 701f rheumatic, 827–828, 827f stroke and, 1426 Heart transplantation, 791–794, 791t valvular. See Valvular heart disease. for dilated cardiomyopathy, 838 Heart valves. See Cardiac valves. Heart failure, 774–785 Heartburn, 890t, 948–949 acute decompensated, 778–779, 779t, 780–782 Heat application, for osteoarthritis, 1604 acute intervention in, 789 Heat cramps, 1727 after myocardial infarction, 757 Heat edema, 1727 ambulatory and home care for, 789, 789t Heat exhaustion, 1727–1728 assessment in, 785–787, 786t Heat rash, 1726 cardiac transplantation for, 791–794, 791t Heat syncope, 1727 case study of, 792b Heat therapy chronic, 778–779, 778t, 783–785 for inflammation, 175 circulatory assist devices for, 781 for pain, 131–132, 132t classification of, 781, 781t for rheumatoid arthritis, 1615–1616 clinical manifestations of Heat-related emergencies, 1726–1727, 1727t, 1729t in chronic failure, 778–779 Heatstroke, 1727t, 1728 in decompensated failure, 778, 778t Heaves, 699–701Heberden’s nodes, 1602 in right- vs. left-sided failure, 779t Heel pain, 1594t collaborative care for Heel-to-shin test, 1384 for acute decompensated failure, 780–783, 781t Height, measurement of, 906 for chronic failure, 781t, 783–785 Heimlich valve, 546, 546f compensatory mechanisms in, 775–776 Helical CT scan, for pulmonary embolism, 554 complications of, 708–709 Helicobacter pylori infection counterregulatory mechanisms in, 777 diagnosis of, 967 definition of, 703 gastritis and, 962–963 diagnosis of, 709, 710t peptic ulcers and, 966–967 diastolic, 775 stomach cancer and, 976–977 dilation in, 775–776, 775f Heliotrope rash, in polymyositis/dermatomyositis, 1630–1631 drug therapy for Heller myotomy, for achalasia, 957 for acute decompensated failure, 781, 782t Helper T cells, 197f, 197 for chronic failure, 782t, 783 Hemabate (carboprost), for induced abortion, 1317t etiology of, 774–777, 775t Hemangioblastomas, 1412t gender differences in, 774b Hemarthrosis, 625, 1545 health promotion for, 789 in hemophilia, 657–659, 660f hypertension and, 719 Hematemesis, 479, 623, 890t hypertrophy in, 776 Hematinics, for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002t implementation in, 789–791 Hematocrit, 487t–488t in cardiomyopathy, 836 Hematologic disorders, 635 left-sided, 777, 777f health care disparities in, 636b mixed systolic-diastolic, 775 hemostatic, 678 neurohormonal response in, 775 in acute kidney injury, 1138 nursing care plan for, 789b–790b in cirrhosis, 1047 nursing diagnoses for, 789 race/ethnicity and, 636bskin manifestations of, 437t nursing management of, 989–995 Hematologic system, 616 nutritional therapy for, 785, 785b assessment of, 622–628 palliative and end-of-life care in, 790 biopsy in, 631–633, 631t, 632t, 633f pathophysiology of, 774–777, 777f common abnormalities in, 626t–627t patient teaching for, 790t diagnostic studies in, 628–634, 629t–630t planning in, 789 focused, 628, 628b 53 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

functional health patterns in, 623–625, 624t afterload in, 1642 health history in, 622, 624t cardiac index in, 1642–1643complications of, 1644, 1651–1652 medication history in, 622–623, 623t contractility in, 1642–1643 physical examination in, 625–628, 626t, 627t definition of, 1642 radiologic studies in, 631, 632t impedance cardiography in, 1650 surgical history in, 622 in ARDS, 1716 blood in, 616–618 in critical care, 1642 bone marrow in, 616–617 in respiratory failure, 1706 clotting in, 619–621 in shock, 1700–1702, 1701t hemoglobin in, 619 invasive, 1643–1650 in older adults, 622, 622t equipment for, 1644f iron metabolism and, 619 noninvasive, 1650, 1652 liver in, 621 nursing management of, 1654 lymph system in, 621–622 of arterial blood pressure, 1644–1645of cardiac output, 1462– spleen in, 621 1463, 1649–1650 structures and functions of, 616–620 of central venous pressure, 1648 Hematology, 616 of pulmonary artery pressure, 1647 Hematomas, 421t, 626t–626t of right atrial pressure, 1648 epidural, 1406, 1406f of venous oxygen saturation, 1650–1651phlebostatic axis in, fracture, 1551, 1552f 1643, 1645f intracerebral, 1407 preload in, 1642 of ear, 402 principles of, 1643–1644 subarachnoid, 1406f pulmonary artery catheterization in, 475, 1645–1651, 1646t. See also subdural, 1406–1407, 1406f, 1406t Hemodynamic monitoring. Hematopoiesis, 616, 617f complications in, 1651–1652 spleen in, 621 indications/contraindications for, 1646t Hematopoietic growth factors, for cancer, 271–272, 271t pulse oximetry in, 1651 Hematopoietic stem cells, 616–617 referencing in, 1643 injection of, for urinary incontinence, 1122–1123transplantation steps in, 1644–1645, 1646t of, 272–273, 272f, 272t terminology of, 1642–1644 cell collection for, 209, 273 types of, 1644–1650 complications of, 672 vascular resistance in, 1642 for aplastic anemia, 645 zeroing in, 1643 for leukemia, 672 Hemofiltration for sickle cell disease, 650 continuous arteriovenous, 1159–1160, 1159t Hematuria, 1085t continuous venovenous, 1159–1160, 1159t, 1160f Hemianopsia, 1383 Hemoglobin, 473–474 homonymous, 1387t assessment of, 485, 487t in stroke, 1430, 1442–1443 fetal, 650 Hemicolectomy, 1013–1014 glycosylated, 1194 Hemiglossectomy, 884t, 946–947 measurement of, 1184t–1187t Hemi-Kock pouch, 1129 measurement of, 487t–488t Hemilaryngectomy, 511 Hemoglobin A1C, diabetic complications and, 1194b Hemiparesis, in increased intracranial pressure, 1395 Hemoglobin A1C test, 1192, 1194 Hemiplegia, 1387t Hemoglobin electrophoresis, 631t in increased intracranial pressure, 1359 Hemoglobin F, 650 Hemochromatosis, 651, 651b Hemoglobin S, 647, 648f Hemodialysis, 1139–1140, 1155–1159. See also Dialysis; Renal Hemolysis, 618 replacement therapy. causes of, 650–651 advantages and disadvantages of, 1153t in burn injury, 454–455 arteriovenous fistulas and grafts in, 1156, 1156fcatheters for, in sickle cell disease, 647–649 1156, 1157f Hemolytic anemia, 641t. See also Anemia. complications of, 1158, 1164t acquired, 650–651 continuous arteriovenous, 1159–1160, 1159t in sickle cell disease, 647–649 continuous venovenous, 1159–1160, 1159f, 1159f laboratory findings in, 641t dialyzers for, 1157 Hemolytic jaundice, 1032, 1032t effectiveness of, 1158 Hemolytic transfusion reactions, 203, 682, 683t in continuous renal replacement therapy, 1159–1160, 1164f Hemolytic-uremic syndrome in home care, 1158, 1158f Escherichia coli O157:H7 poisoning and, 979–983 procedure for, 1157–1158 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and, 654 schedules for, 1158 Hemophilia, 657–659, 659b, 659t, 658, 658f, 660t settings for, 1158 Hemopneumothorax, 542 system components in, 1157–1158, 1158f Hemoptysis, 479 vascular access in, 1153, 1156f–1157f pulmonary embolism and, 554 temporary, 1156 Hemorrhage. See also Bleeding. vs. peritoneal dialysis, 1153t anemia from, 641t, 646–647 Hemodynamic monitoring, 703t–707t, 711, 1642 clinical manifestations of, 646t 54 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

in peptic ulcer disease, 966, 973 for hepatitis A, 1039 in thrombocytopenia, 645, 656–657 for hepatitis B, 1042 intracerebral, 1427t, 1428–1429 in health care personnel, 1043 splinter, 699t–700t, 820 in liver transplant recipients, 1060 subarachnoid, 1427t, 1428 in older adults, 1060 subconjunctival, 371t jaundice in, 1042 Hemorrhagic cystitis, in cancer, 262t–263t nursing care plan for, 1041b Hemorrhagic fever, in terrorism, 1732–1734, 1733t–1734t nursing management of, 1039–1043, 1040t Hemorrhagic stroke, 1427, 1428–1429 nutritional therapy for, 1039 Hemorrhoidectomy, 1027 pathophysiology of, 1034f, 1035 Hemorrhoids, 891t, 988, 1026, 1026f, 1028f prevention of, 1039–1043, 1040t Hemostatic disorders, 653 rest in, 1043 disseminated intravascular coagulation, 661–662 toxic, 1043 hemophilia, 661–663 transmission of, 1033–1034 thrombocytopenia, 653–657 Hepatitis A, 1032–1034, 1034f von Willebrand disease, 661–663Hemothorax, prevention of, 1040 transmission of, 1033–1034, 1034t, 1043 543, 543 Hepatitis A virus, 1033–1034, 1034t Hemovac, 358t Hepatitis B, 1032–1034, 1034t HEPA filtration, 667 chronic, 1035, 1038 Heparin hemodialysis-related, 1158 bleeding due to, 866 immune globulin for, 1045, 1060 drug interactions with, 860t, 863 in liver transplant recipients, 1060 for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 750t liver cancer and, 1058 for burns, 460 prevention of, 1045 for disseminated intravascular coagulation, 664 transmission of, 1033t, 1034, 1043 for interstitial cystitis, 1103 Hepatitis B virus, 1033t, 1034 for pulmonary embolism, 555 Hepatitis C, 1032–1034, 1036 for stroke, 1433 chronic, 1039 for venous thromboembolism, 863, 863t hemodialysis-related, 1060 low-molecular-weight, 863, 863t HIV infection and, 1032, 1038 preparations of, 863t in liver transplant recipients, 1060 side effects of, 863–864 liver cancer and, 1058 thrombocytopenia due to, 654, 655t–656t, 656–657. See also prevention of, 1045transmission of, 1033t, 1034, 1060 Thrombocytopenia. Hepatitis C virus, 1033t, 1034 unfractionated, 863, 863t Hepatitis D, 1033t, 1034 Heparin flush, 308b, 311Hepatic disorders. See Liver, disorders of. Hepatitis E, 1033t, 1034 Hepatic ducts, 891f, 892 Hepatitis G, 1034 Hepatic encephalopathy, 1048, 148t–1049t, 1056 Hepatobiliary scintigraphy, 891t–894t Hepatic failure Hepatocellular carcinoma, 1058–1059 fulminant (acute), 1056–1057 Hepatocellular jaundice, 1032, 1032t with renal failure, 1057 Hepatocytes, 881–882, 882f Hepatic steatosis, 1044–1045 Hepatomegaly, 626t–627t, 627, 890t Hepatitis, 1032–1033 in heart failure, 780 acute intervention in, 1042–1043 Hepatorenal syndrome, 1049 ambulatory and home care in, 1043 Hepatotoxicity, 884, 884t, 1043 anicteric, 1036 of chemotherapy, 262t–263t autoimmune, 1044 Hepcidin, 621 chronic, 1036 Hepsera (adefovir), for hepatitis, 1038–1039 liver cancer and, 1058 HER-2, in breast cancer, 1284, 1285 cirrhosis and, 1044 Herbal therapy, 82–83, 84t–85t. See also Complementary and clinical manifestations of, 1035–1036, 1035t alternative therapies. collaborative care for, 1037–1039, 1038t Herceptin (trastuzumab) complementary and alternative therapies for, 1038b cardiotoxicity of, 267 complications of, 1036 for cancer, 269t–270t, 270 diagnosis of, 1036–1037, 1038t of breast, 1290, 1290b drug therapy for, 1037, 1038 Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, 1011, 1011b drug-induced, 1043, 1061 Hering-Breuer reflex, 476 epidemiology of, 1032–1033 Hernias, 890t, 1024 etiology of, 1032–1034 dialysis-related, 1155 evaluation in, 1043 femoral, 1024, 1024f fulminant hepatic failure and, 1058–1059 gender differences in, 1024hiatal, 949t, 952–953, 954f fulminant viral, 1036 incisional, 1024 health promotion for, 1039, 1040t inguinal, 1024, 1024f hemodialysis-related, 1158 umbilical, 1024, 1024f icteric, 1035. See also Jaundice. ventral, 1024 immunization for Herniation 55 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

cerebral Homan’s sign, 861 cingulate, 1394f, 1395 Homatropine hydrobromide (AK-Homatropine, Isopto Homatropine), infratentorial, 1379 for pupillary dilation, 392t tentorial, 1394f, 1395 Home health aides, 79t uncal, 1394f, 1395 Home health care, 75–77. See also Community-based nursing. intervertebral disk, 1589 blood pressure measurement in, 731–732 Hernioplasty, 1024 caregiver needs in, 80–81 Herniorrhaphy, 884, 884t, 1024, 1266t common assessed needs in, 76, 77t Herniotomy, 953 cultural aspects of, 77 Heroin, 154t, 161–162 definition of, 75 Herpes simplex virus infection family caregivers in, 76, 79–80. See also under Caregiver. in pregnancy, 1307of eye, 387–388, 1306 for acute abdominal pain, 993 of genitals, 1306–1308, 1308t, 1325–1327 for acute coronary syndrome, 767 of lip, 431, 431f, 432t, 1307–1308, 1307 for acute kidney injury, 1147 of oral cavity, 890t, 945t for acute pancreatitis, 1065 of skin, 431, 431f, 432t for adrenalectomy, 1251 Herpes simplex virus keratitis, 388–389, 1307 for amputation, 1574 Herpes zoster, 431, 431f, 432t for asthma, 581–582 postherpetic neuralgia and, 432b for bariatric surgery, 936 Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, 388–389 for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 1355 Hetastarch (Hespan), 307Hiatal hernia, 949t, 852–953, 954f for breast cancer, 1294–1295 Hiccups, postoperative, 355 for cataracts, 393 Hickman catheters, 309. See also Central venous access devices. for chronic kidney disease, 1150 High-density lipoproteins, 703t–707t, 708, 738. See also for chronic stable angina, 762 Hyperlipidemia; Lipids/lipoproteins. for cirrhosis, 1057 for colorectal cancer, 1015 High-fiber diet, 990–991High-frequency ventilation, 1664 for COPD, 596–597, 602–606 Hilus, 471 for cranial surgery, 1415 Hindus, health beliefs and practices of, 26t for cystic fibrosis, 609–610 Hinge joints, 1533f for diabetes mellitus, 1210–1213 Hip for epilepsy, 1463 dislocation of, 1547, 1547f for esophageal cancer, 956 fractures of, 1566–1567, 1567f for glaucoma, 400 case study of, 1359b for head and neck cancer, 517–518 clinical manifestations of, 1567 for head injury, 1409 collaborative care for, 1567 for heart failure, 789, 789t gender differences in, 1567b for hemophilia, 661 in older adults, 1568–1569 for hepatitis, 1043 nursing management of, 1567–1568 for HIV infection, 233t patient teaching for, 1568t for hypertension, 731–732 surgery for, 1567–1568 for hyperthyroidism, 1240 osteoarthritis of. See Osteoarthritis. for hypothyroidism, 1242–1244 subluxation of, 1547, 1548f for infective endocarditis, 823 Hip arthroplasty, 1576, 1576f for laryngectomy, 517–518 Hip resurfacing, 1577 for leukemia, 673 Hip spica casts, 1554, 1555f for lung cancer, 541 Hippocampus, stress effects on, 93 for malnutrition, 907 Hirsutism, 421t for nausea and vomiting, 942–943 Hirudin derivatives, for venous thromboembolism, 863t, 863 for older adults, 65 Hispanics/Latinos. See also Race/ethnicity. for osteoarthritis, 1609 culture-bound syndromes of, 29t for peptic ulcer disease, 972–973, 973t drug therapy in, 29t for pneumonia, 528 Histoplasmosis, 532, 533t for pressure ulcers, 186, 187t History taking. See Health history. for prostate cancer, 1360 HIV infection. See Human immunodeficiency virus infection. for rheumatic fever, 829 Hives, 203, 435t for rheumatoid arthritis, 1615–1618 HLA system, 211, 211f, 1540t–1541t for sexually transmitted diseases, 1358 in diabetes, 1190 for shock, 1694 in rheumatoid arthritis, 1647 for skin disorders, 441–442 in rheumatoid arthritis, 1610 for spinal cord injury, 1521–1526 HLA typing, 212 for stomach cancer, 978 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, 746, 747t for stroke, 1444 HMOs (health maintenance organizations), 74 for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1625 Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 210, 674–675, 674f–675f, 674t for thrombocytopenia, 657–658 Holding area, 331 for thyroidectomy, 1240 Holistic nursing, 82 for tracheostomy, 506, 506f Holter monitoring, 703t–707t, 708, 800–801 for tuberculosis, 532 56 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

for urinary tract infections, 1099 cultural aspects of, 143 for venous thromboembolism, 867 Hospital-acquired pneumonia,. See also Pneumonia.521–522, 521t hemodialysis in, 1158, 1158f Hospitalization hospice care and, 77 infection transmission in, 221 insurance coverage for, 77 of older adults, 67–71, 67t mechanical ventilation in, 1668–1670 sleep disturbances and, 105 nursing diagnoses for, 78t, 80 smoking cessation and, 158t nursing management in, 80–81 Hot flashes, 1323 nutritional therapy in, 918 Hougans, 25 oxygen therapy in, 595–596, 596t–597t Housing, for older adults, 65 peritoneal dialysis in, 1154 Huber-point needle, 309, 309f scope of care in, 75–77, 77t Huff coughing, 598, 598t, 1708 spirometry in, 491 Huhner test, 1275t–1278t substance abuse and, 166 Humalog (lispro), 1196 teaching in, 76 Human bites, 1730 team approach in, 77, 79t Human chorionic gonadotropin technology in, 76–77 endogenous Home Health Care Classification, 8 in ectopic pregnancy, 1322 Homelessness, among older adults, 62–63 in pregnancy testing, 1270–1271, 1271t–1274t Homeopathy, 83t measurement of, 1271t–1274t Homeostasis, 281 exogenous, for infertility, 1320t Homocysteine, 631t Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), in breast cancer, coronary artery disease and, 743 1283, 1284 in cardiac assessment, 702, 703t–707t Human Genome Project, 191–192 Homonymous hemianopsia, 1387t Human immunodeficiency virus, 224, 224f in stroke, 1409, 1422–1423 antibody tests for, 226, 226t Hopelessness, in dying patient, 146 ocular disorders in, 402t Hordeolum, 371t, 387, 387f Human immunodeficiency virus infection, 224–231 Hormonal therapy acute, 224–225, 224f for cancer, 255t–256t acute exacerbations in, 235–236 of breast, 1289–1290, 1289t ambulatory and home care for, 235 for endometrial cancer, 1333–1334 assessment in, 231, 231t for ovarian cancer, 1335 case studies of, 237b for prostate cancer, 1357–1359, 1358t chronic, 225f, 226 Hormone(s), 1170–1173 clinical manifestations of, 224–225, 224f, 226t anabolic, 1178 need to report, 235t classification of, 1170 collaborative care for, 227–229 counterregulatory, 1190 diagnosis of, 226t, 227, 227t, 232b, 234 definition of, 1170 drug therapy for,. See also Antiretroviral therapy.227–228, 228t–229t, digestive, 879, 879t 234, 236–237 functions of, 1701 end-of-life care in, 236 in weight regulation, 924–925, 924t ethical issues in, 228b inhibiting, 1174 health promotion in, 232 lipid-soluble, 1171 hepatitis C and, 1033, 1039 releasing, 1174 impact of, 222 secretion of, 1173 implementation in, 232, 233t complex feedback in, 1173f–1174f, 1174 in IV drug users, 161 neural regulation of, 1174 laboratory findings in, 226 rhythms of, 1174 nursing diagnoses for, 231–232, 232t simple feedback in, 1173, 1173f–1174f nursing management of, 231 sex (gonadal), 1172t, 1261–1262, 1261f, 1263t occupational exposure to, 233 in older adults, 1178t, 1265 opportunistic diseases in, 224–226, 227t, 229–230 stress, 91 pathophysiology of, 224–225, 224f–225f target tissues of, 1170, 1171f, 1172t planning in, 232 transport of, 1171 prevention of, 232–249, 242b tropic, 1176 postexposure, 233 water-soluble, 1170 progression of, 224–225, 224f, 227 Hormone receptors, 1171 delaying interventions for, 235–239 protein, 1171, 1173f seroconversion in, 224–225 steroid, 1170–1172, 1173f stigma of, 236 Hormone replacement therapy, 1324 syphilis and, 1303 breast cancer and, 1282 transmission of for andropausal symptoms, 1368 by blood and blood products, 222–224, 232–233 osteoporosis and, 1596 perinatal, 224, 233 risks and benefits of, 1324 tuberculosis in, 529 Hornet stings, 1730 drug therapy for, 531 Hospice care,. See also End-of-life care.77, 139–140 viral load in, 222–224, 222f 57 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), 211–212, 212f, 1540t–1542t in cancer, 274–275, 297 in diabetes, 1191 in chronic kidney disease, 1147 in rheumatoid arthritis, 1611 in hyperparathyroidism, 1246 Human papillomavirus infection Hypercapnia, 1699, 1704t cervical cancer and, 1332–1333 permissive, 1714 genital warts and, 1308–1309, 1309f Hypercapnic respiratory failure, 1699, 1699t, 1702, 1703t immunization for, 1341 Hypercholesterolemia. See also Hyperlipidemia. Humatrope (Somatropin), for hypopituitarism, 1229–1230 familial, 740, 741b Humegon, 1316t Hypercoagulability, venous thromboembolism and, 861, 860t Humerus, fractures of, 1565–1566, 1566f Hyperextension, 1538t Humidification Hyperglycemia for COPD, 595 clinical manifestations of, 1213t in respiratory therapy, 1708 etiology of, 1213t Humira (adalimumab) in burn injury, 462 for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002–1003, 1002t in diabetes mellitus, 1193, 1213, 1213t, 1215–1216, 1215t for rheumatoid arthritis, 606t–1608t, 1613–1614 in parenteral nutrition, 917 Humoral immunity, 197f, 199–200, 200t management of, 1213t Huntington’s disease, 1479–1481, 1479b prevention of, 1213t Hwa-byung, 29t vs. hypoglycemia, 1213t Hyaline cartilage, 1531 Hyperinsulinemia, hypertension and, 718Hyperkalemia, 294–295, Hyaluronic acid 294t for interstitial cystitis, 1103 digitalis-related, 784–785 for osteoarthritis, 1608 drug therapy for, 1139t Hydralazine (Apresoline) dysrhythmias and, 1138 for heart failure, 785 in acute kidney injury, 1138 for hypertension, 724t–727t in burn injury, 454, 454f, 461 Hydration, in respiratory therapy, 1708 in chronic kidney disease, 1142, 1146 Hydrocele, 1364, 1364f Hyperlipidemia, 707 Hydrocephalus, 1395 complementary and alternative therapies for, 746b brain tumor–related, 1412 coronary artery disease and, 739, 741b in bacterial meningitis, 1416 diagnosis of, 702, 703t–707t, 742t normal pressure, 1496 drug therapy for, 745–748, 747t Hydrochloric acid, gastric, 879 in chronic kidney disease, 1142, 1147 Hydrochlorothiazide, for hypertension, 724t–727t in diabetes mellitus, 1192–1193, 1218–1219 Hydrocil (psyllium), for constipation, 989t in familial hypercholesterolemia, 740, 741b Hydrocodone (Lortab, Vicodin, Zydonel), 124t in nephrotic syndrome, 1105, 1106 Hydrocolloid dressings, 180, 181t metabolic syndrome and, 936–937 Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef) peripheral arterial disease and, 852–853 for Addison’s disease, 1252 risk classification for, 742t for asthma, 571, 572t–573t treatment of, 742t for shock, 1686t–1687t Hypermagnesemia, 299–300, 301t HydroDIURIL (hydrochlorothiazide), for hypertension, 724t–727t in chronic kidney disease, 1143 Hydrogel dressings, 181t Hypermetabolism Hydrogen ion concentration, pH and, 300, 301f in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, 1694–1697 Hydromorphone (Dilaudid), 124t in systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 1694–1697 abuse of, 154t, 162–163 Hypernatremia, 291–293, 292f, 293t Hydronephrosis, 1107, 1107f, 1136–1138 in burn injury, 454, 454f, 461 Hydrostatic pressure, 285 ventilator-associated, 1665 Hydrothorax, 551 Hyperopia, 366, 382 Hydroureter, 1107 correction of Hydroxocobalamin, for pernicious anemia, 644 nonsurgical, 382, 384t Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) surgical, 382–383 for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605–1607 Hyperosmolality, 286 for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1605–1607, 1624–1625 hypernatremia and, 291–292 Hydroxyurea (Hydrea), for sickle cell disease, 650 Hyperosmolar agents, for glaucoma, 399t–400t Hygiene. See Oral care; Skin care. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS), 1215–1216, 1215t, Hygiene hypothesis, 563 1216f Hygroton (chlorthalidone), for hypertension, 724t–727t Hyperparathyroidism, 1273–1275, 1274t Hylalgan (hyaluronic acid), for osteoarthritis, 1608 in chronic kidney disease, 1145, 1147 Hylorel (guanadrel sulfate), for hypertension, 724t–727t Hyperphosphatemia, 318–319, 319t Hymen, 1261, 1261f in chronic kidney disease, 1145, 1147 Hymenoptera stings, 1730 Hyperpigmentation, 1182t–1183t Hyperaldosteronism, 1254 in Addison’s disease, 1251, 1251f Hyperalgesia, opioid-induced, 127 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 535 Hyperbaric oxygen, 181–182 Hypersensitivity reactions, 200–204. See also Allergic for osteomyelitis, 1582 disorders/reactions. Hypercalcemia, 297, 297t anaphylactic, 201–204, 202f, 202t 58 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

atopic, 201–203 pathophysiology of, 717–718 chemical mediators of, 200–201, 202t renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in, 715–717 classification of, 200, 201t risk factors for, 717t microbial, 204 pseudohypertension and, 716 type I (IgE-mediated), 201–204, 200f, 201t psychosocial risk factors for, 722–723 type II (cytotoxic/cytolytic reactions), 201t, 204 pulmonary. See Pulmonary hypertension. type III (immune-complex reactions), 201t, 204 race/ethnicity and, 714b type IV (delayed), 201t, 204–205 resistant, 729 Hypersplenism, 679–680, 680t retinopathy and, 394 Hypertension, 716–729 salt restriction for, 721 alcohol use and, 722 screening for, 722 aortic dissection and, 849–850 secondary, 717, 717t assessment in, 729t smoking and, 722 case study of, 735b stages of, 716t cerebrovascular disease and, 718t, 719 stress and, 718 classification of, 716, 716t stroke and, 1425 clinical manifestations of, 718, 718t subtypes of, 716 collaborative care for, 719t, 720–728 target organ disease in, 718–719, 718t complementary and alternative therapy for, 721b weight loss for, 721 complications of, 718–719, 718t white coat, 720 coronary artery disease and, 741 Hypertensive crisis, 732–733, 733t definition of, 716 Hypertensive emergency, 732–733 diagnosis of, 719–720, 719t Hypertensive encephalopathy, 733 drug therapy for, 723–729 Hypertensive urgency, 732–733 adherence to, 728b, 732 Hyperthermia agents for, 723, 724t–727t emergency management of, 1726–1727, 1727t combination therapy in, 728t in head injury, 1409 follow-up in, 727 in stroke, 1433 for hypertensive crisis, 733–735 malignant, 343 goals of, 723 postoperative, 355t, 355 in older adults, 732–733mechanism of action of, 723, 723f, 724t– Hyperthyroidism, 1234–1237 727t clinical manifestations of, 1235–1236, 1235t nursing management of, 724t–727t collaborative care in, 1236–1237, 1237t patient teaching for, 727–729, 730t complications of, 1236 side effects of, 724t–727t, 727–729 diagnosis of, 1236, 1236t–1237t evaluation in, 732–733 etiology of, 1234–1235 exercise for, 722 in older adults, 1236t gender differences in, 714b nursing care plan for, 1239bnursing management of, 1238–1239, health disparities in, 714b 1238t health promotion for, 729–731 pathophysiology of, 1234–1235 heart disease and, 718–719, 718f, 718t preoperative management of, 319–320 home care for, 731–732 Hypertonia, 1384, 1387t in chronic kidney disease, 1144, 1146 Hypertonic solutions, 285, 285f, 306t, 307 in diabetes mellitus, 1218–1219 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 839, 837t, 839–840, 839f nephropathy and, 1220 Hypertrophic scars, 179f, 179f, 419t, 420–421, 422f in hyperaldosteronism, 1254–1255 Hypertropia, 390 in older adults, 733 Hyperuricemia, 1620t–1621t insulin resistance and, 718 from chemotherapy, 262t–263t intracerebral hemorrhage and, 1428, 1428f in gout, 1620–1622 isolated systolic, 716 Hyperventilation lifestyle modifications for, 717, 720–722, 728 central neurogenic, 1400f metabolic syndrome and, 936–937 ventilator-associated, 1665–1666 nursing diagnoses for, 730t Hyperviscosity, in polycythemia, 651–652, 652f nursing management of, 729–731 Hypervolemia, 285, 289, 289t. See also Fluid and electrolyte nutritional therapy for, 720–721, 720t imbalances. ocular involvement in, 404t in acute kidney injury, 1138 pathophysiology of, 716f, 717–718 in polycythemia, 651–652, 652f peripheral vascular disease and, 718t, 719, 853 postoperative, 351 pheochromocytoma and, 1255 Hyphema, 368 planning in, 728 Hypnosis, for pain, 132 portal, in cirrhosis, 1074–1075 Hypnotics, for insomnia, 100–101 postoperative, 351–352 Hypocalcemia, 297t, 298 poststroke, 1433–1435 after parathyroidectomy, 1246 prehypertension and, 716, 716t hyperparathyroidism and, 1246 primary (essential), 716 hypoparathyroidism and, 1246 fluid and sodium retention in, 717 in chronic kidney disease, 1145, 1147 genetic factors in, 717 tetany and, 1182t–1183t, 1246 59 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Hypoglossal nerve, 1378f, 1378t patient teaching for, 1242t examination of, 1384 preoperative management of, 319–320 Hypoglycemia Hypotonia, 1384, 1387t clinical manifestations of, 1213t Hypotonic solutions, 285, 285f, 307–308, 306t collaborative care for, 1217t Hypotropia, 390 etiology of, 1213t Hypoventilation herbal remedies for, 1211b in respiratory failure, 1702 in diabetes mellitus, 1213, 1213t, 1216–1217, 1217t in spinal cord injury, 1510 management of, 1213t postoperative, 348t, 349 nursing management of, 1217 ventilator-associated, 1664 postprandial, 974 Hypovolemia, 285, 289, 290, 289t. See also Fluid and electrolyte prevention of, 1213t imbalances. vs. hyperglycemia, 1213t in acute kidney injury, 1138 Hypoglycemic unawareness, 1216–1217 in burn injury, 453–454, 453f Hypokalemia, 294t, 295 postoperative, 351 digitalis-related, 784–785 Hypovolemic shock, 1674–1675. See also Shock. in acute kidney injury, 1138 clinical manifestations of, 1676t in burn injury, 454, 454f, 461 collaborative care for, 1688, 1689t in chronic kidney disease, 1142–1143 hemodynamic parameters in, 1674t in hyperaldosteronism, 1254–1255 in burn injury, 453–454, 453f–454f postoperative, 351 pathophysiology of, 1677f Hypomagnesemia, 300, 300t precipitating factors in, 1673t Hyponatremia, 293, 293t Hypoxemia, 1699, 1704, 1704t in acute kidney injury, 1136 clinical manifestations of, 475t in burn injury, 454, 454f, 461 diagnosis of in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, 1229–1230 arterial blood gas analysis in, 474, 474t Hypoparathyroidism, 1245t, 1246 mixed venous blood gas analysis in, 475 Hypophosphatemia, 299, 299t pulse oximetry in, 475, 475t in hyperparathyroidism, 1246 in ARDS, 1702–1712 Hypophyseal stalk, 1174 postoperative, 347–349, 348t Hypophysectomy, for acromegaly, 1226–1228, 1227f delirium and, 353 Hypopigmentation, 421t refractory, 1712 Hypopituitarism, 1229 Hypoxemic respiratory failure, 1699–1703, 1700t–1704t Hypopnea, 108 Hypoxia, 1704 in sleep apnea, 108 Hysterectomy, 1266t, 1336, 1336t Hypospadias, 1362 abdominal, 1336, 1336t Hypotension nursing care plan for, 1338b in hemodialysis, 1158 case study of, 1344b in shock, 1679 for endometrial cancer, 1333 orthostatic, 695, 730–731 for leiomyomas, 1331 antihypertensive-related, 728, 732 for ovarian cancer, 1335 in older adults, 732 for uterine fibroids, 1321 nitrate-related, 751 nursing management for, 1337 postoperative, 351–352 radical, 1336t postprandial, 695 subtotal, 1336f, 1336t Hypothalamic hormones, 1174, 1174t total, 1336f, 1336t Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, 90–91, 91f vaginal, 1335–1336, 1336f Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, 1261–1262, 1262f laparoscopic-assisted, 1336, 1336t Hypothalamus, 1173–1174, 1376t Hysterosalpingogram, 1272t–1275t in fluid balance, 286–287 Hysteroscopy, 1272t–1275t in stress response, 90–91, 91f Hysterotomy, 1317t pituitary gland and, 1173–1174, 1174f Hytakerol (dihydrotachysterol), for hypoparathyroidism, 1247 structures and functions of, 1173–1174, 1376 Hytrin (terazosin), for hypertension, 724t–727t Hypothalamus-hypophyseal portal system, 1174 induced, in surgery, 342 management of, 355 postoperative, 354–355, 355t I therapeutic, 1726 Ibandronate (Boniva) Hypothyroidism, 1240–1242 for osteoporosis, 1597 clinical manifestations of, 1235t, 1240–1241 for Paget’s disease, 1597–1598 collaborative care for, 1241–1242, 1241t Ibritumomab tiuxetan/yttrium-90 (Zevalin) complications of, 1241–1242 for cancer, 269t–270t diagnosis of, 1236t, 1241, 1241t for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 676 etiology of, 1240 Ibuprofen, 122, 123t nursing care plan for, 1239b Ibutilide (Corvert), for dysrhythmias, 809t nursing management of, 321 ICU. See also under Critical care. pathophysiology of, 1240 60 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 553 in autoimmune disorders, 208–210 IgA, 197t in burn injury, 454 IgD, 197t in cancer, 247–248, 248f IgE, 197 in hypersensitivity reactions, 200–204 IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions, 201–203, 200f in immunodeficiency disorders, 210–211 IgG, 197t, 200 in older adults, 200, 200t for hepatitis, 1040t, 1042 isoimmune, 650 IgM, 197t, 199 lymphoid organs in, 195, 195f Ileal conduits, 1128–1129, 1128t. See also Ostomy; Urinary diversion. preoperative assessment of, 320 appliances for, 1131t primary, 199, 199f nursing care plan for, 1130b–1131b secondary, 199, 199f nursing management of, 1129–1133 steps in, 197f patient teaching for, 1131t Immune system. See also Immune response. postoperative care for, 1131–1133 cells of, 195–197 preoperative care for, 1129–1131 disorders of stoma care for, 1129f, 1129–1133, 1131f–1132f nursing management of, 207 Ileoanal reservoir, 1003, 1003f, 1017 renal, 1103 Ileocecal fold, 895f skin manifestations of, 437t Ileocecal junction, 895f organs of, 195, 195f Ileostomy, 884t, 1016f, 1016t, 1021. See also Urinary diversion. respiratory system in, 476 care of, 1021 stress and, 91f, 92–93, 92f continent, 986, 1129 Immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 653–656, 655t–656t. See also definition of, 1015 Thrombocytopenia. end, 1004, 1016 Immunity, 194 indications for, 884t active acquired, 194, 194t loop, 1004, 1016 cell-mediated, 196f, 199t, 200 nursing care plan, 1019b–1020b humoral, 197f, 199t, 201 permanent, 1003–1004 passive acquired, 194–195, 194t continent, 1003–1004 Immunization pouches for, 1003–1004, 1018, 1021 for hepatitis A, 1039 types of, 1016f for hepatitis B, 1042 vs. colostomy, 1016t for human papillomavirus, 1308 Ileum, 879 for influenza, 479, 498t, 499 Ileus, paralytic, 1007 for pneumococcal pneumonia, 479, 523, 524t in spinal cord injury, 1512–1513 for prostate cancer, 1360 postoperative, 847 for rabies, 1730 Illness for rubella, 408 acute, 57, 58t for tetanus, 1507–1508 chronic. See Chronic illness. in burn patients, 460 Iloprost (Ventavis), for pulmonary hypertension, 556 for tuberculosis, 532 Imagery, 95, 95f, 95t, 96t, 1295b Immunocompetence, 200 Imatinib (Gleevec), for cancer, 269t–270t Immunodeficiency, 210 Imiquimod (Aldara), 439 Immunodeficiency disorders, 210–211, 210t for human papillomavirus, 1308 infections in. See Opportunistic diseases. Imitrex (sumatriptan), for migraine, 1452, 1453b Immunofluorescence, direct, 422, 423t Immersion syndrome, 1728, 1729t Immunoglobulins (antibodies), 194–195, 197t, 199 Immigrants, 27–28 Immunologic disorders health insurance for, 22 nursing management of, 207 tuberculosis in, 28 renal, 1103 Immobilization. See also Casts (fracture); Traction. skin manifestations of, 437t cervical, 1515–1519, 1519f, 1721 Immunologic surveillance, 248 complications of, 1558–1560 Immunomodulators, topical, 439 Immune complex diseases, 1104 Immunosenescence, 200 Immune globulin Immunosuppressive therapy for hepatitis A, 1040t, 1039–1042 complications of, 1164–1165 for hepatitis B, 1042 for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002, 1002t in liver transplantation, 1060 for multiple sclerosis, 1467 for immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 656 for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1605t–1607t, 1624 rabies, 1730 for transplantation, 213–215, 214t, 215f tetanus, 1725t of liver, 1061 Immune response, 194–200 immunodeficiency due to, 210, 210t altered, 200–204 Immunotherapy nursing management of, 207 administration of, 207 antigens in, 195 for allergic disorders, 206 autoimmune, 650 Imodium (loperamide), for irritable bowel syndrome, 993–994 cells in, 195–197, 196f Impaired fasting glucose, 1192–1194 in allergic disorders, 206–207 Impaired glucose tolerance, 1192–1194 61 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Impedance cardiography, 1650 pneumonia, 521–523, 522t. See also Pneumonia. Impetigo, 430t, 431, 431f urinary tract, 1095 Impingement syndrome, 1545t in older adults, 221 Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, 811, 811f of burns, 461 Implantable pumps, for analgesia, 130 opportunistic Implanted infusion ports, 309–310, 309f, 310t. See also Central venous in cancer, 273 access devices. in HIV infection, 224–226, 227t Implementation, 14–16 prevention and control of, 220–222, 221t assignment in, 15 prion, 218 delegation in, 14–15, 15t, 15b protozoal, 218 supervision in, 15 reemerging, 219–220, 220t Impotence. See Erectile dysfunction. transfusion-related, 683t, 684–685 Imuran (azathioprine) viral, 217, 218t for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002, 1002t vs. inflammation, 170 for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1605t–1607t, 1624 Infection precautions, 220–222, 221t In vitro fertilization, 1315–1316 Infectious arthritis, 1619–1620 Inamrinone (Inocor), for heart failure, 782t, 783 Infectious diarrhea, 982–984, 983t In-and-out catheterization, 1127 Infective endocarditis, 818–822, 821t Incision(s) antibiotic prophylaxis for, 821, 821t, 821b care of, 357–358, 358t. See also Wound(s). classification of, 818 drainage from, 357–358, 358t clinical manifestations of, 820 splinting of, 350, 350f collaborative care for, 821–822 Incisional hernias, 1024 diagnosis of, 820–821 Incompetence, 792b drug therapy for, 821–822 guardianship and, 953b etiology of, 818–819, 819t Incontinence. See Fecal incontinence; Urinary incontinence. nursing management of, 822–823, 822t Increased intracranial pressure, 1393–1399 pathophysiology of, 818–819, 820f assessment in predisposing factors in, 819, 819t neurologic, 1400–1401 Inferior epigastric artery, in coronary artery bypass grafting, 760–761 nursing, 1399 Inferior vena cava, 693 cerebral edema and, 1393–1394 Infertility clinical manifestations of, 1394–1395 assisted reproduction technology for, 1315–1316 collaborative care in, 1396t, 1398–1399 female, 1314–1315 complications of, 1395 chlamydial infections and, 1305–1306 diagnostic studies in, 1395–1396, 1396t collaborative care for, 1315t drug therapy for, 1398–1399, 1403 diagnosis of, 1272t–1275t, 1314–1315, 1315t evaluation in, 1404 drug therapy for, 1315, 1316t fluid and electrolyte balance in, 1403 endometriosis and, 1329–1330 implementation in, 1401–1404 etiology of, 1314 in stroke, 1433 nursing management of, 1315–1316 mechanisms of, 1393 pathophysiology of, 1314 monitoring of, 1396–1398, 1396f–1398f, 1397t in cancer, 262t–263t, 267–268 nursing care plan for, 1401b–1402b in chronic kidney disease, 1145 nursing diagnoses in, 1401 in cystic fibrosis, 606–610 nursing management of, 1399–1404 in spinal cord injury, 1526 nutritional therapy for, 1399 in testicular cancer, 1365 patient positioning in, 1403 male, 1368–1370 planning in, 1401 diagnosis of, 1272t–1275t postoperative, 1450 varicocele and, 1364b, 1369 progression of, 1394f Infestations, 433, 434f, 434t protection from injury in, 1403 Inflammatory bowel disease, 998–1004 psychologic considerations in, 1404 clinical manifestations of, 999t, 1000 radiation-induced, 281t–282t collaborative care in, 1001–1004, 1002t respiratory function in, 1401–1403, 1400f colon cancer and, 1001 stages of, 1392, 1394f complications of, 999t, 1000–1001, 1001t Incretin, in diabetes mellitus, 1201 Crohn’s disease, 998, 999t, 1000f Incus, 374, 375f diagnosis of, 1001 Inderal. See Propranolol (Inderal). drug therapy for, 1001–1003, 1002t Infection(s), 217–218 etiology of, 998–999 antibiotic-resistant, 220–221, 220t, 522 in older adults, 1005 bacterial, 217, 218t nursing care plan for, 1006b–1007b case study of, 187b nursing management of, 1004–1005, 1005t causes of, 217–218, 218t nutritional therapy for, 1004 emerging, 218–221, 219t osteoporosis and, 1000b extent and severity of, 218 pathophysiology of, 998–999, 999t, 1000f fungal, 218, 219t surgery for, 1003–1004, 1003t health care–associated, 221 ulcerative colitis, 998, 999t, 1000f 62 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Inflammatory breast cancer, 1283 Inspiration, 473 Inflammatory response, 170–173 Inspiratory capacity, 490t acute, 173 Inspiratory reserve volume, 490t anemia of, 641t, 643 Inspra (eplerenone) case study of, 187b for heart failure, 784 cellular response in, 170, 171f for hypertension, 724t–727t chemical mediators of, 171–172, 172t, 197 Institute of Medicine (IOM), 5 chronic, 173 Insulin, 924–925, 924t clinical manifestations of, 172–173, 173t endogenous, 1190t, 1192 definition of, 170 functions of, 1189 exudate in, 172, 173t in obesity, 924, 924t fever in, 173, 173f metabolism of, 1189, 1190f nursing management of, 173–175 regulation of, 1178t, 1190f subacute, 173 target tissues for, 1219 vascular response in, 170, 171f exogenous, 1195–1200 vs. infection, 170 administration of, 1197–1199, 1198f, 1205f Infliximab (Remicade) allergic reaction to, 1199 for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002–1003, 1002t dawn phenomenon and, 1199 for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1613–1614 for diabetic ketoacidosis, 1215 Influenza, 498–499 for hyperkalemia, 1139t H1N1, 218, 499 for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome, 1216 immunization for, 479, 498t, 525 home management of, 1197, 1210 Information technology. See Technology. hypoglycemia due to, 1213, 1216–1217 Informed consent, 324, 792b in acute illness, 1207–1210 definition of, 324 in combination therapy, 1197, 1198f for emergency treatment, 324 in intensive therapy, 1196 for surgery, 324, 324b inhalation of, 1197 Infratentorial herniation, 1379 injection of, 1197–1198, 1198f Infundibular stalk, 1175 intravenous, 1197 Infusion ports, 309–310, 309f, 310t. See also Central venous access lipodystrophy and, 1199 devices. long-/intermediate-acting, 1195f, 1196–1197 Inguinal area, examination of, 1269 mealtime (bolus), 1196 Inguinal hernias, 1024, 1024t mixing of, 1197, 1198f Inguinal masses, 1271t patient teaching for, 1197t, 1210 Inhalation agents, anesthetic, 330, 340t pump for, 1198–1199, 1198f, 1205f Inhalation injury, 446–448, 455, 455t rapid-acting, 1195f, 1196 lower airway, 451–453 regimens for, 1195–1196, 1196t management of, 453, 452t, 457, 456f, 456t short-acting, 1195f, 1196 upper airway, 447 side effects of, 1199 Inhalers Somogyi effect and, 1199 dry powder, 575, 577f, 577t storage of, 1197 metered-dose, 572, 572f, 575, 576f. See also Metered-dose inhalers. types of, 1195, 1195f, 1195t–1196t spacers for, 575, 575f Insulin glargine (Lantus), 1196–1197 Inheritance patterns, in genetic disorders, 190–191, 191t, 192–193, 193f Insulin pen, 1198, 1198f Inhibin, 1262 Insulin pumps, 1198–1199, 1198f, 1205f Innohep (tinzaparin), for venous thromboembolism, 863t Insulin reaction, 1213 Inocor (inamrinone), for heart failure, 782t, 783 Insulin resistance, 936–937 Inotropes, 1643 hypertension and, 718 positive, for heart failure, 782, 782t, 784 in chronic kidney disease, 1142 Insect bites and stings, 433, 434f, 434t, 1730–1731 in diabetes mellitus, 1192, 1219 Insensible water loss, 288 Insulin sensitizers, 1201 Insomnia, 102–105 Insulin tolerance test, 1184t–1197t acute, 102 Insurance. See Health insurance. case study of, 111b Intake and output chronic, 102 in older adults, 290 clinical manifestations of, 102 measurement of, 290 definition of, 102 normal values for, 288, 288t diagnosis of, 102, 104t Intal (cromolyn) etiology of, 102 for allergic disorders, 207 in older adults, 110 for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t nursing management of, 105–106, 106t Integrase, 224 pathophysiology of, 102 Integrase transcriptase inhibitors, 230t primary (idiopathic), 102 Integrative health care model, 81, 82t. See also Complementary and rebound, 104 alternative therapies. secondary (co-morbid), 102, 103t Integrilin (eptifibatide), for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t treatment of, 82t, 103–105, 104t, 105b Integumentary system, 413. See also Hair; Nails; Skin. Inspection, 35, 39 assessment of, 416–421 63 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

ABCDE rule for, 426, 429f etiology of, 1589 common abnormalities on, 421t pathophysiology of, 1589, 1589f diagnostic studies in, 422–423, 423f, 423t surgery for, 1590 focused, 420, 420b nursing management of, 1591–1592 functional health patterns and, 417–418 Interview health history in, 416, 417t motivational, 165–166, 166t in dark-skinned patients, 419t, 420–421 for smoking cessation, 157, 157t inspection in, 418–419 patient, 35. See also Health history. medication history in, 416–417 preoperative, 315 normal findings on, 416t Intestinal distention, in mechanical ventilation, 1665 palpation in, 420 Intestinal infarction, 1008 physical examination in, 418 Intestinal obstruction, 1005–1009, 1008f, 1008t surgical history in, 417 Intestinal polyps, 984 in older adults, 415–416 Intestinal pseudo-obstruction, 1007 structures and functions of, 413–415, 414f–415f Intestinal strangulation, 1008 Intensive care units. See also under Critical care. Intestinal villi, 879 Intensive insulin therapy, 1195–1196 Intestinal volvulus, 1008 Interatrial septum, 690, 691f Intoxication. See also Poisoning. Intercourse, painful, menopause and, 1323 alcohol, 159–160 Interdisciplinary nursing, 3 Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP), 781, 783, 1652–1654, 1652t–1653t, Interferon(s), 198, 198t, 199f 1652f clinical uses of, 199t Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography, in stroke, 1431 for multiple sclerosis, 1466–1467 Intracellular fluid, 282, 283f, 285. See also Fluid. Interferon-α (pegylated), for hepatitis, 1038 electrolytes in, 282, 284f Interferon-α (Roferon-A, Intron A) Intracerebral hematomas, 1407. See also Head injury. for cancer, 269t–270t Intracerebral hemorrhage, 1427t, 1428 for hepatitis, 1037 Intracorneal ring segments, 383 Interferon-β-1a (Avonex, Rebif), for multiple sclerosis, 1466–1467 Intracoronary ultrasonography, 703t–707t, 710–711 Interferon-β-1b (Betaseron), for multiple sclerosis, 1466–1467 Intracranial pressure (ICP), 1391–1393 Interleukin(s), 198t cerebral blood flow and, 1392–1393 clinical uses of, 199t compensatory adaptations for, 1391–1392 Interleukin-2 (aldesleukin), for cancer, 269t–270t compliance and, 1392, 1393f Interleukin-11 (oprelvekin), for cancer, 271t increased. See Increased intracranial pressure. Intermaxillary fixation, 1571, 1571f measurement of, 1396–1397 Intermediate care communities, 76t. See also Long-term care. monitoring of, 1396–1398, 1396f–1398f, 1397t, 1403 Intermediate care units, 1638 normal, 1391–1392 Intermittent catheterization, 1127 pressure-volume curve and, 1392 Intermittent claudication, 719, 851 regulation of, 1391–1392 femoral artery stents for, 851b Intradermal tests, 205 Intermittent mandatory ventilation, 1662, 1662t Intraductal papillomas, 1281 Internal carotid arteries, 1378, 1379f Intraocular lenses Internal fixation, of fractures, 1553, 1555, 1556f, 1567f after cataract surgery, 393 Internal jugular vein cannulation, for hemodialysis, 1156 corrective, 383 Internal mammary artery, in coronary artery bypass grafting, 760, 760f Intraocular pressure Internal pelvic examination, 1269 elevated, 366, 397–398. See also Glaucoma. Internal rotation, 1538t measurement of, 370t, 372, 373f International normalized ratio (INR), 630t, 863, 864t Intraoperative care, 330 Internet resources, for patient/caregiver teaching, 52 admitting procedure in, 335 Interpreters, 31, 31t advances in, 343–344 Interspinous process decompression system (X Stop), 1590 anaphylaxis and, 343 Interstitial cell–stimulating hormone, 1261–1262, 1262f anesthesia and, 337. See also Anesthesia. Interstitial cerebral edema, 1394 aseptic technique in, 336, 336t Interstitial cystitis, 1102–1103, 1102t catastrophic events and, 342–343 Interstitial laser coagulation, 1350 chart review in, 335 Interstitial lung disease, 552t, 553 cultural assessment in, 334 occupational/environmental, 534–536, 535t. See also Occupational for older adults, 342 lung disease. latex allergy and, 343 Interstitial nephritis, 1101 malignant hyperthermia and, 343 Intertriginous areas, 417, 420, 420f nursing management in Intertrigo, 420f, 421t, 1282 before surgery, 334–335 Interventricular septum, 690, 691f during surgery, 335–337 Intervertebral disk disease, 1589–1591 operating room in, 331 acute pain in, 1587 preparation of, 335 chronic pain in, 1589 outcome criteria for, 337 clinical manifestations of, 1589, 1590t patient positioning in, 337 collaborative care for, 1590–1591, 1591t physical assessment in, 334–335 diagnosis of, 1589–1590, 1591t psychosocial assessment in, 334 64 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

safety concerns in, 336 Irritable bowel syndrome, 993–994 scrubbing, gowning and gloving in, 335–336 gender differences in, 994b skin preparation in, 337 Irritant contact dermatitis, 425 surgical team in, 331–334. See also Surgical team. Ischemia Intrapleural space, 473 acute arterial, 857–858 Intraprostatic urethral stents, 1350t, 1351 critical limb, 853–854 Intraspinal analgesia, 129–130, 129f myocardial. See Myocardial ischemia. Intrathecal analgesia, 129–130, 129f silent, 749 Intraurethral devices, for erectile dysfunction, 1399 Ischemic cascade, 1425 Intrauterine devices (IUDs), 1368 Ischemic strokes, 1426–1428, 1427f. See also Stroke. Intravenous drug users. See also Substance abuse. Islet cell transplantation, for diabetes mellitus, 1206 HIV infection in, 232–233 Islets of Langerhans, 1171f, 1177 Intravenous immunoglobulin Ismelin (guanethidine), for hypertension, 724t–727t for Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1506 Ismotic (isosorbide), for glaucoma, 399t–400t for immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 656 Intravenous pyelogram, 1086t–1091t Isoflurane (Forane), 340t Intravenous therapy. See Fluid therapy. Isolated systolic hypertension, 716 Intravesical therapy, for bladder cancer, 1118 Isolation, airborne infection, 532 Intrinsic factor, 643–644 Isometric contractions, 1532–1533 gastritis and, 963 Isoniazid Intron-A (interferon-α) for tuberculosis, 530–532, 531t for cancer, 269t–270t side effects of, 531t, 530b–531b for hepatitis, 1037 Isoptin. See Verapamil. Intropin (dopamine) Isopto Atropine (atropine), for pupillary dilation, 392t for heart failure, 782–783, 782t, 783b Isopto Carbachol, for glaucoma, 399t–400t for shock, 1686–1687 Isopto Carpine (pilocarpine), for glaucoma, 399t–400t Intubation. See Endotracheal intubation; Nasogastric intubation. Isopto Homatropine (homatropine hydrobromide), for pupillary dilation, Inversion, 1538t 392t Involucrum, 1581, 1581f Isopto Hyoscine (scopolamine), for pupillary dilation, 392t Iodine Isordil (isosorbide dinitrate), for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t deficiency of Isosorbide (Ismotic), for glaucoma, 399t–400t goiter and, 1232 Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil, Sorbitrate), for angina/acute coronary hypothyroidism and, 1240 syndrome, 752t for hyperthyroidism, 1237 Isotonic contractions, 1532–1533 Ionizing radiation, in terrorism, 1374, 1374t Isotonic solutions, 285, 285f, 306t, 307 Ions, 303 Isotretinoin (Accutane), 435b Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) Isradipine (DynaCirc CR), for hypertension, 724t–727t for allergic rhinitis, 496t–467t Istalol (timolol maleate), for glaucoma, 399t–400t for asthma, 573t–574t, 575 Itching. See Pruritus. for COPD, 592–594 IV therapy. See Fluid therapy. Ipratropium/albuterol (Combivent, DuoNeb), for asthma, 573t–574t, 575 Iprivask (desirudin), for venous thromboembolism, 863t Irbesartan (Avapro), for hypertension, 724t–727t J Iressa (gefitinib), for cancer, 269t–270t Jackson-Pratt drain, 180, 180f Iris, 365f, 366 Janeway’s lesions, 820 examination of, 372 Janumet (metformin/sitagliptin), 1200t in older adults, 367t Januvia (sitagliptin), for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 Iron Jargon, in patient teaching, 47 assessment of, 626t–627t, 630–631 Jaundice, 418t, 421t, 626t–627t, 1031, 1031f food sources of, 640t, 902t diagnosis of, 1032t in hemoglobin, 473, 617, 619, 619f hemolytic, 1032, 1032t malabsorption of, 640 hepatocellular, 1032, 1302t metabolism of, 619, 619f in cirrhosis, 1046 assessment of, 626t–627t , 630–631 in hepatitis, 1040 overdose of, 1731t obstructive, 1032, 1032t supplemental, 640–641 pruritus and, 1053 for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002t, 1004 Jaw fractures, 1570–1571, 1571f Iron overload, 651, 651b Jaw-thrust maneuver, 1721, 1721f liver disease in, 1043 Jehovah’s Witnesses, health beliefs and practices of, 26t Iron-deficiency anemia, 641–642, 641t Jejunostomy tubes, 910, 910f. See also Enteral nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease, 1004 Jejunum, 879 Irrigation Jet lag disorder, 107 bladder Jews, health beliefs and practices of, 26t delegation of, 1359b Jock itch, 433, 433t colostomy, 1016t, 1018–1020 Joint(s) ocular, 1732 amphiarthrotic, 1532f whole-bowel, for poisoning, 1732 65 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

aspiration of, 1543 Keratitis, 387–388 ball and socket, 1533f exposure, in Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1506 bleeding in, 625, 1545 herpes simplex virus, 388, 1306 in hemophilia, 659–660, 660f Keratoconjunctivitis, 387–388 Charcot’s, 1508 epidemic, 388 classification of, 1532, 1532f Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, 71t, 390, 1631 condyloid, 1533f Keratoconus, 390 diarthrodial (synovial), 1513, 1531f–1533f Keratometry, 370t dislocation of, 1547 Kerlone (betaxolol), for hypertension, 725t–727t gliding, 1533f Ketamine (Ketalar), 339, 340t hinge, 1533f Ketoacidosis. See Diabetic ketoacidosis. in older adults, 1534, 1535t Ketogenic diet, 1416 pivot, 1533f Ketones, 1091t saddle, 1533f urinary, measurement of, 1184t–1186t structures and functions of, 1531 Ketorolac (Toradol), 123t subluxation of, 1547 Kidney. See also under Renal. synarthrotic, 1532f biopsy of, 1087–1090t Joint aspiration. See also Synovial fluid analysis blood supply of, 1077–1078 in gout, 1620 cancer of, 1116, 1116f–1117f, 1117t The Joint Commission examination of, 1084–1085, 1084f national safety goals of, 4, 4t in acid-base balance, 301, 1076, 1078 patient teaching and, 48–49, 49t in blood pressure regulation, 715–716, 715f Joint contractures, 1539t in fluid and electrolyte balance, 288 flexion, after amputation, 1573 in older adults, 1081 Volkmann’s ischemic, 1564, 1564f palpation of, 1084–1085, 1084f Joint pain. See also Arthritis percussion of, 1084–1085, 1085f in infective endocarditis, 822 polycystic, 1114–1115, 1115f, 1125b Joint surgery, 1575–1578 preoperative assessment of, 313 arthrodesis, 1577 structures and functions of, 1076–1081, 1077f collaborative care in, 1578–1579 surgery of, 1127 complications of, 1577 Kidney disease, chronic. See Chronic kidney disease. hip arthroplasty, 1576, 1576f Kidney failure, acute. See Acute kidney injury. hip resurfacing, 1577 Kidney punch, 1076, 1084f indications for, 1575 Kidney stones. See Urinary calculi. knee arthroplasty, 1577 Kidney-ureter-bladder film, 1087t–1091t nursing care plan for, 156b Kineret (anakinra), for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1606t, 1612–1613 nursing management in, 1578–1579 Kinetic therapy, 1715–1716, 1716f postoperative care in, 1577–1578 for spinal cord injury, 1519 preoperative care in, 1578 Kit chroeun, 29t types of, 1575 Knee Jones criteria, for rheumatic fever, 828t anterior cruciate ligament injury of, 1550, 1550f J-pouch, colonic, 1003f, 1014 arthroscopy of, 1540–1542, 1542t–1543t Jugular venous bulb catheter, 1398, 1399f meniscus injuries of, 1545t, 1549–1550, 1550f Jugular venous distention, 698, 699t–700t osteoarthritis of. See Osteoarthritis. Junctional dysrhythmias, 802t, 805, 805f structure of, 1549f Knee arthroplasty, 1577–1578 Knee immobilizers, 1555, 1555f K Knowles, Malcolm, 46 Kadian. See Morphine. Kock pouch, 1003–1004, 1016, 1129, 1129f Kaolin-pectin-opium, for diarrhea, 984t KOH test, 423t Kaolin-pectin-paregoric, for diarrhea, 984t Kondremul Plain (mineral oil), for constipation, 989t Kaposi sarcoma, 226, 226f, 227t Konsyl (psyllium), for constipation, 989t Karnofsky Functional Performance Scale, 250 Korotkoff sounds, 694 Karyotyping, spectral, 632t, 633 Korsakoff’s psychosis, 157–160 Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, 250 Koucharang, 29t Kava, 85t, 98b Kupffer cells, 881–882, 882f Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) Kussmaul respiration, 303, 481, 484t–485t for chronic kidney disease, 116 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1214 for hyperkalemia, 294, 1139t Kwashiorkor, 902 Kayser-Fleischer rings, 1044 Kyphoplasty, 1596 Kegel exercises, 1119b, 1120, 1119t–1120t Kyphoscoliosis, respiratory complications of, 551t after transurethral resection of prostate, 1354 Kyphosis, 1539t, 1595 for cystocele/rectocele, 1341 Kytril (granisetron), for nausea and vomiting, 942 for uterine prolapse, 1340–1341 Keloids, 179f, 179t, 421–422, 422f Kepivance (palifermin), 265 L Keratinocytes, 413 66 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate), 734 artificial, 516–517, 517f for hypertension, 724t–727t Laser lithotripsy, 1110 Labia majora/minora, 1261, 1261f Laser photocoagulation Lacerations, scalp, 1040 for bladder cancer, 1118 Lachman’s test, 1550 for diabetic retinopathy, 1219–1220 Lacrimal apparatus, 365, 366f for retinal detachment, 394–395 in older adults, 367t interstitial, 1351 Lactase deficiency, 1004, 1025 Laser prostatectomy, 1350t, 1351 diarrhea and, 982 Laser revascularization, transmyocardial, 761 Lactated Ringer’s solution, 307 Laser therapy Lactation, 1262, 1262f bronchoscopic, 539 mastitis in, 1279–1280, 1279t for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 1350t, 1351 Lactic acid, 441t for skin disorders, 438, 438t Lacto-ovo-vegetarians, 901 for varicose veins, 868 Lactase intolerance, 1004, 1025 Laser thermal keratoplasty, 383 diarrhea and, 982 Laser trabeculoplasty, 398–399 Lactulose (Constulose, Cephulac) Laser-assisted epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), 383 for cirrhosis, 1053t Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), 383 for constipation, 989t Lasix (furosemide). See Furosemide (Lasix). for hepatic encephalopathy, 1051 Latanoprost (Xalatan), for glaucoma, 399t–400t Lacunar stroke, 1428 Lateral epicondylitis, 1539t Laminectomy, 1590 Latex allergy, 208, 208t, 343 nursing management of, 1591 preoperative assessment for, 318 Lamivudine (Epivir), for hepatitis, 1038–1039 Latex-food syndrome, 208 Landouzy-Déjérine muscular dystrophy, 1587 Latinos. See Hispanics/Latinos. Langerhans’ cells, 195 Lavage Language deficits, after stroke, 1430, 1443, 1443t, 1447 bronchoalveolar, 486–487, 489f Lanoxin. See Digoxin (Lanoxin). for upper GI bleeding, 962 Lansoprazole (Prevacid) for variceal bleeding, 1054 for peptic ulcers, 968 gastric, for poisoning, 1731 for upper GI bleeding, 961t nasal, 501 Lantus (insulin glargine), 1196–1197 peritoneal, in abdominal trauma, 995 Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 1071–1072 Laxatives, 988 Laparoscopic fundoplication, for GERD, 951, 951f cathartic colon syndrome and, 988 Laparoscopic nephrectomy, 1128 LE cell prep test, 1624 Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy, 1337, 1336t Learning. See also Patient and caregiver teaching. Laparoscopy, 891t–894t definition of, 47 pelvic, 1272t–1275t, 1275t Learning needs, 50, 51t Lapatinib (Tykerb), for cancer, 269t–270t Learning readiness, 50 of breast, 1290, 1290b Learning styles, 50 Lap-Band system, 931t, 934–935, 932f LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure), 1272t–1275t Large intestine. See also Bowel. LEETZ (loop electrosurgical excision of transformation zone), 1272t– in older adults, 882–883, 883t 1275t obstruction of, 1005–1009, 1008t Leflunomide (Arava), for arthritis/connective tissue disease, 1605t– polyps of, 1009, 1010f, 1010t 1607t structures and functions of, 877f, 880, 881f Left atrial pressure, 1643t x-ray studies of, 891–892, 891f, 891t–894t Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, 1643 Laryngeal cancer, 509–512, 511f. See also Head and neck cancer. Left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension and, 718–719, 718f case study of, 518b Left ventricular thrombosis, 780 Laryngeal edema, postoperative, 348t Legal blindness, 384, 385t Laryngeal mask airway, 338–339 Legal issues Laryngeal polyps, 509 affecting older adults, 65 Laryngeal stridor, 1240 in end-of-life care, 66, 144–145, 145t Laryngectomy, 511, 511f in genetic testing, 192, 192b ambulatory and home care for, 517–518 in preoperative care, 325, 325b evaluation in, 518–519 in sexual assault, 1342–1343, 1343t hemilaryngectomy, 511 Leininger, Madeleine, 23 nursing care plan for, 513–516 Leiomyomas, 1330 nursing management of, 513–516 dysmenorrhea and, 1319 postoperative care in, 514–516 menorrhagia and, 1320–1321 psychosocial concerns in, 517 of lung, 540 radical neck dissection with, 511, 512f treatment of, 1321 speech after, 541–542 Lens, 365–367, 365f stoma care in, 517 absence of, 383 supraglottic, 511 disorders of, 371t Laryngectomy tube, suctioning of, 516 in older adults, 367t Laryngospasm, postoperative, 348t opacities in, 390–401. See also Cataracts. Larynx, 470, 471f Lenses 67 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

contact, 383, 384t Levine’s technique, 182 corrective, 383, 384t Levitra (vardenafil), for erectile dysfunction, 1368 intraocular, after cataract surgery, 392 Levobunolol (Betagan), for glaucoma, 399t–400t telescopic, 385 Levocetirizine (Xyzal), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Lentigo, 436t–437t Levodopa, for Parkinson’s disease, 1471 Lepirudin (Refludan), for venous thromboembolism, 863, 864 Levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet), for Parkinson’s disease, 1471 Leptin, 929–930, 929t Levophed (norepinephrine), for shock, 1686t–1687t Lescol (fluvastatin), 747t Levorphanol (Levo-Dromoran), 124t Letairis (ambrisentan), for pulmonary hypertension, 557 Levothyroxine (Synthroid), for hypothyroidism, 1241 Letrozole (Femara), for breast cancer, 1289t, 1290 Levothyroxine-liothyroxine (Liotrix), for hypothyroidism, 1241 Leukemia, 669–672 Lewy body dementia (LBD), 1495 acute, 669 Lhermitte’s sign, 1465–1466 acute lymphocytic, 669, 669t, 672t Librium (chlordiazepoxide), abuse of, 154t, 162 acute myelogenous, 669, 670f, 669t, 672 Lice, 433–434, 434t adult T-cell, 669 Licensed practical/vocational nurse, 14. See also Delegation. age at onset of, 669t in surgical team, 331–332 case study of, 685b Lichen sclerosis, 1326 chemotherapy for, 671–672, 672t Lichenification, 421t, 435t consolidation, 671 LICOX brain tissue oxygenation system, 1398Lidocaine (Xylocaine) induction, 671–672 for dysrhythmias, 809t intensification, 671 transdermal, 128–129 maintenance, 671 Life expectancy, 60–61 nursing management of, 672 Life review, 148 regimens for, 671–672, 672t Ligaments, 1534 chronic, 669 injuries of chronic lymphocytic, 669–670, 669t, 672t anterior cruciate ligament, 1550, 1550f chronic myelogenous, 669, 669t, 672t sports-related, 1545t classification of, 669–670 Limb length, measurement of, 1537–1538 clinical manifestations of, 670, 670f, 669t Limb salvage, for osteosarcoma, 1684–1685 collaborative care for, 640, 671–672 Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, 1587t diagnosis of, 670–671, 669t Limbic system, 1376, 1376t etiology of, 669 in stress response, 91 hematopoietic stem cell transplant for, 672 Linear accelerators, 259, 260f nursing management of, 672–674, 673t Linton-Nachlas tube, 1051 pathophysiology of, 669 Lioresal (baclofen), for pain, 126t, 127t radiation therapy for, 671 Liothyronine, for hypothyroidism, 1242 remission in, 671 Liotrix (levothyroxine-liothyroxine), for hypothyroidism, 1242 secondary, 245 Lip Leukine (sargramostim) cancer of, 945–946, 946t for cancer, 271–272, 271t herpes simplex virus infection of, 431, 431f, 432t for neutropenia, 666 Lip reading, 409 Leukocytapheresis, 209–210 Lipase, serum, 891t–984t Leukocyte(s), 618t in acute pancreatitis, 1062, 1063t in urine, 1091t Lipectomy, 933 production of, 616, 617f Lipid profile test, 703t–707t, 708 Leukocyte count, 628–629, 629f Lipid-lowering drugs Leukocytosis, 172–173 bile acid sequestrants, 747, 747t Leukopenia, 629, 664 cholesterol absorption inhibitors, 747, 748 in cancer, 262t–263t fibric acid derivatives, 747, 747t Leukoplakia, 510, 890t, 946 for acute coronary syndrome, 761 HIV-related, 226, 226f, 227t for chronic kidney disease, 1147 Leukotriene modifiers, for asthma, 572–573, 573t–574t for coronary artery disease, 743–746, 747t Leukotriene receptor antagonists for dilated cardiomyopathy, 838 for allergic disorders, 207 for peripheral arterial disease, 852–853 for allergic rhinitis, 495, 496t–497t for stroke, 1437, 1433 Leukotrienes HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, 746, 747t in hypersensitivity reactions, 202t niacin, 746b–747b, 747, 747t in inflammation, 172, 172f, 172t statins, 746, 746t Leuprolide (Lupron) Lipids/lipoproteins, 702, 703t–704t, 739 for endometriosis, 1329–1330, 1329b elevated serum. See Hyperlipidemia. for infertility, 1316t high-density, 703t–704t, 705, 739 for leiomyomas, 1330 low-density, 703t–704t, 705, 739, 741t for prostate cancer, 1355–1356, 1356t very low-density, 703t–704t, 705 Levalbuterol (Xopenex), for asthma, 573t–574t, 572 Lipitor (atorvastatin), 747t Levamisole (Ergamisol), for cancer, 269t–270t Lipodystrophy Levatol (penbutolol), for hypertension, 724t–727t in diabetes mellitus, 1197, 1199 Level of consciousness, in increased intracranial pressure, 1394–1395 in HIV infection, 237, 237f Levemir (detemir), 1196–1197 Lipomas, 436t–437t 68 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Lipoprotein(a), 703t–704t, 705 for irritable bowel syndrome, 983 Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, 703t–704t, 705 Lopid (gemfibrozil), 747t Lipoproteins. See Lipids/lipoproteins. Lopidine (apraclonidine), for glaucoma, 399t–400t Liposuction, 443, 934 Lopressor. See Metoprolol (Lopressor). Liquid nitrogen, 440 Loratidine (Claritin), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), for hypertension, 724t–727t Lordosis, 1539t Lispro (Humalog), 1196 Lortab (hydrocodone), 124t Listening, active, 47 Losartan (Cozaar) Literacy, 50 for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t health, 501 for gout, 1620–1621 patient teaching and, 52–53 for hypertension, 724t–727t Lithotripsy Lotensin (benazepril), for hypertension, 724t–727t electrohydraulic, 1110 Lotions, 441 extracorporeal shock wave, 1110 Lotronex (alosetron), for irritable bowel syndrome, 993, 994b laser, 1110 Lou Gehrig’s disease, 1478t–1479t percutaneous ultrasonic, 1110 Lovastatin (Mevacor), 747t Livalo (pitavastatin), 747t Lovenox (enoxaparin), for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t Liver. See also under Hepatic. Low back pain. See Back pain, low. adverse drug effects on, 262t–263t, 884, 884t Low-calorie diets, 928–929, 928t assessment of Low-density lipoproteins, 703t–707t, 708, 738, 740t. See in hematologic assessment, 627 Hyperlipidemia; Lipids/lipoproteins. preoperative, 319 Lower esophageal sphincter, 878–879, 949t biopsy of, 981t–894t, 895 in GERD, 948, 948f cancer of, 1058–1059, 1059f Lower extremity amputation, in diabetes mellitus, 1221 disorders of, 1032–1039 Lower gastrointestinal disorders, 982 autoimmune/metabolic/genetic inflammatory, 996–997 in older adults, 1061 traumatic, 993–994 obesity and, 926, 926f Lower gastrointestinal series, 891–892, 891t–892t race/ethnicity and, 1033b Lower motor neurons (LMNs), 1374 enlarged, 626t–627t, 627, 890t Lower respiratory system, 470–473, 472f. See also Respiratory system. in heart failure, 780 disorders of, 546 functions of, 621 Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), 1096t imaging of, 632t in acute pyelonephritis, 1100 in older adults, 881–881, 881t, 1061 in interstitial cystitis, 1102 nodular, 890t in urinary tract infections, 1095 palpation of, 627, 888–889, 888t Low-phosphate diet, for chronic kidney disease, 1147, 1149 percussion of, 890 Low-potassium diet, 1148t structures and functions of, 877f, 881–882, 881f–882f, 882t for chronic kidney disease, 1149 transplantation of, 1059–1060 Low-protein diet, for chronic kidney disease, 1148, 1150b Liver function tests, 896t Low-sodium diet Liver/spleen scan, 632t for ascites, 1052 Living wills, 144–145, 145t for chronic kidney disease, 1149 Lobectomy, 548t for cirrhosis, 1052 Local anesthesia, 338t, 339–342. See also Anesthesia. for heart failure, 787 administration of, 340–341 for hypertension, 722 allergic reactions in, 340 for nephrotic syndrome, 1105 Lockjaw. See Tetanus. for urinary calculi, 1111 Lomotil (Diphenoyxlate-atropine), for diarrhea, 984t label information and, 786t Long arm casts, 1554, 1555f sample menus for, 786t Long leg casts, 1554, 1555f Lubiprostone (Amitiza) Long-term care, 65, 75. See also Community-based nursing. for constipation, 989t elder mistreatment/abuse in, 63–64 for irritable bowel syndrome, 993 practice settings for, 75, 75t Lubricants, for constipation, 989t relocation stress syndrome and, 65, 75 Lucentis (ranibizumab), for macular degeneration, 396 safety concerns in, 69 Lumbar puncture, 1385, 1388t–1389t Loniten (minoxidil), for hypertension, 724t–727t in stroke, 1431 Loop colostomy, 1016, 1017f Lumbar spine Loop diuretics, 724t–727t intervertebral disk disease in, 1589–1592. See also Intervertebral disk Loop electrosurgical excision of transformation zone (LEETZ), 1272t– disease. 1275t pain in. See Back pain, low. Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), 1272t–1275t Lumigan (bimatoprost), for glaucoma, 399t–400t for cervical cancer, 1332 Lumpectomy, 1286–1287, 1288t Loop ileostomy, 1004, 1016 nursing care plan for, 1292b–1293b Loop of Henle, 1077f, 1078, 1078t postoperative care in, 1291–1295 Loop recorder, 708–709 Lund-Browder chart, 450, 450f Loopogram, 1086t–1091t Lunesta (eszopiclone), 104 Loperamide (Imodium) Lung. See also under Pulmonary; Respiratory. for diarrhea, 984t benign tumors of, 541–542 69 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

biopsy of, 487t–488t, 489, 490f, 538–539 Lung volumes, 490t bird fancier’s, 535, 535t in restrictive vs. obstructive lung disease, 550t black, 535, 353t Lunula, 414–415, 415f blood supply of, 472 Lupron. See Leuprolide (Lupron). elastic recoil of, 472 Lupus erythematosus cell prep test, 1624 farmer’s, 535, 535t Lupus nephritis, 1622 gas exchange unit in, 1700f Luteinizing hormone, 1172, 1175, 1184t–1187t, 1262, 1262f in acid-base balance, 301 deficiency of, 1229 infections of. See Pneumonia. in menopause, 1323 metastases to, 541 in menstrual cycle, 1263–1264, 1263f structure of, 470–471, 471f Luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone agonists/antagonists, for transfusion-related injury of, 683t, 684 prostate cancer, 1358–1359, 1359t trapped, 551 Lymph fluid, 621 white, 1540, 1540f Lymph nodes, 621, 628f Lung abscess, 534 assessment of, 625–627, 626t–627t, 628f Lung cancer, 536–540 axillary, 1262, 1287f acute intervention in, 541 in breast cancer, 1283–1284, 1285 airway stenting for, 540 biopsy of, 632t, 633 ambulatory and home care for, 541 cervical, radical dissection of, 511, 511f, 947 asbestos-related, 535 inguinal, 1269 assessment in, 540, 540t of breast, 1283–1284 biologic and targeted therapy for, 540 palpable superficial, 628f bronchoscopic laser therapy for, 539 retroperitoneal, in testicular cancer, 1366 case study of, 559b sentinel, in breast cancer, 1283–1284, 1287f chemotherapy for, 541 shotty, 481 clinical manifestations of, 538 Lymph system, 621 collaborative care for, 539–540, 538t Lymphadenopathy, 626t–627t cryotherapy for, 538 in Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 674, 674f Lymphatic capillaries, 621 diagnosis of, 538–539, 540t Lymphatic mapping, in breast cancer, 1283–1284 etiology of, 537 Lymphedema, in breast cancer, 1286, 1287f, 1294 evaluation of, 542 Lymphocytapheresis, 209–210 gender differences in, 537 Lymphocyte(s), 92, 195, 617f, 619. See B cell(s); T cell(s). health promotion for, 541 Lymphocyte count, 629 implementation in, 541 Lymphocyte immune globulin (Atgam), for transplantation, 214t, 215 non–small cell, 537, 537t Lymphogranuloma venereum, 1305 nursing diagnoses for, 540 Lymphoid organs, 195, 195f nursing management of, 540 Lymphoma, 674 paraneoplastic syndromes in, 538 central nervous system, 1412t pathophysiology of, 537–538, 536f cutaneous T-cell, 428t, 438 photodynamic therapy for, 539 Hodgkin’s, 210, 674, 674f–675f, 674t planning in, 540 non-Hodgkin’s, 676, 676f, 677t radiation therapy for, 539–540 Lynch syndrome, 1011, 1011b prophylactic cranial, 539 Lyrica (pregabalin), for seizures, 1460 risk factors for, 535–536 screening for, 539 small cell, 538, 537t, 538 M staging of, 539, 538t M protein, 678 surgery for, 539 Macrodantin (nitrofurantoin), for urinary tract infections, 1097, 1097b syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone in, 1229–1230 Macrophage(s), 171–172, 195, 196f, 619 Lung capacities, 490t alveolar, 476 Lung disease Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, 198t, 199t diffuse parenchymal, 553 Macugen (pegaptanib), for macular degeneration, 396 environmental, 534–536, 535t, 553 Macula, 365 in cancer treatment, 262t–263t, 269 Macular degeneration, 396–397 interstitial, 552t, 553 Amsler grid test for, 374t obstructive, 562 Macules, 418t lung volumes in, 550t Magnesium, for dysrhythmias, 809t occupational, 534–535, 535t, 553 Magnesium citrate, for constipation, 989t restrictive, 550 Magnesium imbalances, 299–300, 300t extrapulmonary causes of, 550, 551t in chronic kidney disease, 1143 intrapulmonary causes of, 550, 552t Magnesium salts, for constipation, 989t lung volumes in, 550t Magnesium sulfate, for cirrhosis, 1053t vascular, 553 Magnetic resonance angiography Lung sounds, auscultation of, 484, 485t–486t, 489f cerebral, 1086t–1090t Lung transplantation, 558–560, 558t in stroke, 1430 for COPD, 597 renal, 1086t–1090t Lung volume reduction surgery, 548t, 597 Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, 891t–894t 70 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) trigger point, 131 abdominal, 891t–894t Mastalgia, 1279 breast, 1278 Mast-cell stabilizers cardiac, 703t–707t, 710, 710f for allergic disorders, 207 cerebral, 1386, 1388f, 1388t–1389t for allergic rhinitis, 495, 496t–497t chest, 487t–488t Mastectomy, 1266t, 1285–1287, 1288t, 1296f endocrine tumor, 1184t–1187t breast prosthesis for, 1294 in musculoskeletal disorders, 1540t–1542t breast reconstruction after, 1288t, 1295–1297, 1296f–1297f pelvic, 1272t–1275t, 1275 follow-up and survivorship care after, 1287 renal, 1086t–1090t home health care for, 1294–1295 Magnetoencephalography, 1388t–1389t lymphedema after, 1286, 1287f, 1294 Major histocompatibility antigens, 211–212 modified radical, 1287, 1288t Mal ojo, 27 nursing care plan for, 1292 Malabsorption syndrome, 903, 1024–1026 pain after, 1287, 1294 Male reproductive system. See Reproductive system. postoperative care in, 1291–1295 Malignant external otitis, 402 prophylactic, 1283 Malignant hyperthermia, 343 Mastitis, 1279, 1279t Malignant melanoma. See Melanoma. Mastoiditis, 404–405 Malignant neoplasms, 244, 244t. See also Cancer. Mavic (trandolapril), for hypertension, 724t–727t Malleus, 374–375, 375f Maxair (pirbuterol), 573t–574t, 572 Mallory-Weiss tears, 941 Maxillary fractures, 1570–1571, 1570t Malnutrition, 902–906 Maximal voluntary ventilation, 517, 490t acute intervention in, 907 Maze procedure, 805 ambulatory and home care for, 908 McBurney’s point, 996 anthropometric measurements in, 906 McCaffery, Margo, 114 assessment in, 906, 906t Mean arterial pressure, 694, 1643t clinical manifestations of, 904–905 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, 629t diagnosis of, 904–905 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, 629t etiology of, 903–904 Mean corpuscular volume, 629t health promotion in, 907 Measles, 220 history in, 904 Mechanical receptors, 476 implementation in, 907–908 Mechanical ventilation, 1660–1670 in cancer, 273 adaptive support, 1663 in older adults, 908–909 airway pressure release, 1662, 1663t laboratory studies in, 904 alarms in, 1663t, 1667 nursing diagnoses for, 906 assist-control, 1661, 1663t pathophysiology of, 904 automatic tube compensation in, 1664 patient teaching for, 907t barotrauma in, 1665–1666, 1714 physical examination in, 904 bilevel positive airway pressure in, 1664 planning in, 907 chapter cross-references for, 1669–1671, 1669t risk factors for, 903t chronic, 1669–1670 starvation and, 904 comfort measures in, 1659 types of, 902 communication in, 1659 Mammography, 1272t–1275t, 1275, 1278–1279, 1278f complications of, 1664–1666 digital, 1278, 1278f cardiovascular, 1664 Mammoplasty, 1295–1297 gastrointestinal, 1666–1667 augmentation, 1297–1299 musculoskeletal, 1666 reconstructive, 1288t, 1295–1297, 1296f–1297 neurologic, 1666 freduction, 1297–1298 pulmonary, 1665–1666 MammoSite system, 1288, 1289f continuous positive airway pressure, 1663–1664, 1663t Managed care, 4. See also Case Management. for sleep apnea, 109b, 109, 109f Mandibular fractures, 1570–1571, 1570t, 1571f delegation for, 1664b Mandibulectomy, 884t, 946–947 endotracheal intubation in, 1655–1657. See also Endotracheal Manipulative therapies, 84–86 intubation. Mannitol (Osmitrol), for glaucomat, 399t–400t extubation in, 1669–1670 Mantoux test, for tuberculosis, 530 accidental, 1659–1660, 1667–1668 Mantras, 95 fluid and electrolyte imbalances in, 1666 Marasmus, 902 high-frequency ventilation in, 1664 Marijuana in ARDS, 1713–1716 medical, 163 in home care, 1668–1670 for pain, 127–128 in respiratory failure, 1708–1709 use/abuse of, 153t–154t, 162 in spinal cord injury, 1521 Marinol (dronabinol), 127–128, 163 intermittent mandatory, 1662–1663, 1663t for nausea and vomiting, 942 modes of, 1661–1663, 1663t Mass casualty incident (MCI), 1734–1737 negative pressure, 1660, 1661f Massage, 84–86, 96 neuromuscular blockade for, 1667, 1709–1710 for pain, 131 nitric oxide in, 1664 71 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

nursing management of, 1669 Memory cells, 196f, 199 nutritional therapy in, 1667 Memory loss oral care in, 1658, 1659t age-related, 61, 61t, 1483. See also Dementia. permissive hypercapnia in, 1714 vs. Alzheimer’s disease, 1485t pneumonia in, 521–522, 521t, 526, 1665, 1714–1715 in Alzheimer’s disease, 1485t, 1489 positive end-expiratory pressure, 1663 vs. normal forgetfulness, 1485t positive-pressure, 1660 in dementia, 1483–1484 pressure support, 1662, 1663t in mild cognitive impairment, 1485t pressure-control inverse ratio, 1662, 1663t Menarche, 1263 prone positioning in, 1664, 1705b, 1715–1716, 1716f Mendel, Gregor, 189–190 psychosocial needs in, 1666 Ménière’s disease, 405, 406t sedation in, 1666, 1709–1710 Meninges, 1379 skin care in, 1658–1659 Meningiomas, 1413f, 1412t spontaneous breathing trial in, 1668 Meningitis stress ulcers and, 1714 bacterial, 1418t, 1419, 1419t synchronized intermittent mandatory, 1662–1663, 1663t viral, 1418t, 1419 types of, 1660 Meningococcal meningitis, 1419 ventilator bundle protocol for, 1, 1714–1715, 1714t Meniscus injuries, 1549, 1549f ventilator disconnection/malfunction in, 1662tt, 1667 Menometrorrhagia, 1320 ventilator settings for, 1661, 1664t Menopause, 1323, 1323–1326, 1323t volume-assured pressure, 1663 complementary and alternative therapies for, 1325b volutrauma in, 1664, 1714 hot flashes in, 1324 weaning from, 1660b, 1667–1668 osteoporosis and, 1323–1324 Median eminence, 1175 surgical, 1339 Median nerve compression, in carpal tunnel syndrome, 1548, 1548f Menorrhagia, 1268, 1320–1321 Mediastinoscopy, 487t–488t leiomyomas and, 1330 in lung cancer, 538–539 Menotropins, for infertility, 1316t Medical alert aids, for diabetes mellitus, 1211, 1211f Menstrual cycle, 1263–1264, 1263f Medical futility, ethical aspects of, 277b anovulatory, 1320 Medical history, 34–35. See also Health history. Menstrual extraction, 1317t Medical interpreters, 31, 31t Menstrual history, 1268 Medical jargon, in patient teaching, 47 Menstruation Medical power of attorney, 144, 145t abnormalities in, 1318–1319 Medical records, electronic, 9–10 absence of, 1264, 1268, 1320–1321 Medication history, 36 breakthrough bleeding in, 1320 in preoperative assessment, 317 excessive bleeding in, 1268, 1320–1321 Medication overuse headaches, 1454. See also Headaches leiomyomas and, 1330 Medications. See also under Drug. in thrombocytopenia, 656–657 Medicine, primary goals of, 10t normal variation in, 1318 Meditation, 95, 95t painful, 1319 Medrol (methylprednisolone), for asthma, 572, 573t–574t in endometriosis, 1329 Medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera, Provera) patient teaching for, 1264t, 1321 for endometriosis, 1330 premenstrual syndrome and, 1318–1319, 1318t for menopausal symptoms, 1325 tampons for, toxic shock syndrome and, 1321 Medullary cystic disease, 1115 Mental illness. See Psychologic disorders. Megakaryocytes, 619 Mental status examination, 1383 in thrombocytopenia, 654 in dementia, 1483 Megaloblastic anemia, 643, 643t normal findings on, 1386t classification of, 643t Mentgen, Janet, 86 folic acid deficiency and, 644 Meperidine (Demerol), 125 laboratory findings in, 641t abuse of, 153t, 162–163 nursing management of, 644 6-Mercaptopurine, for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002, 1002t vitamin B12 deficiency and, 643–645 MERCI retriever, 1434–1435, 1434f Meglitinides, for diabetes mellitus, 1200, 1200t Mesentery, 977–878 Meiosis, 190 Mesothelioma, 541 Melanin, 413 Metabolic acidosis, 300, 302t, 303 Melanocytes, 413–414, 414f anion gap in, 305–306 Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, 1172t assessment in, 304–306, 305tblood gas values in, 303–304, 304t Melanoma, 427–431, 428t clinical manifestations of, 303–304, 303t ABCDEs of, 426, 429f diagnosis of, 303–304 uveal, 401, 401f in acute kidney injury, 1139 Melanonychea striata, 414–415, 415f in chronic kidney disease, 1144 Melatonin, 101 in diabetes. See Diabetic ketoacidosis. for insomnia, 86t, 104, 104b in mixed acid-base disorders, 303 Melatonin-receptor agonists, for insomnia, 104, 104t Metabolic alkalosis Melena, 640, 890t, 958 assessment in, 304–306, 305t Memantine (Namenda), for Alzheimer’s disease, 1489 blood gas values in, 303–304, 303t 72 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

clinical manifestations of, 303–304, 303t for trichomoniasis, 1326t diagnosis of, 303–304 Metrorrhagia, 1268, 1320 hypokalemia and, 295–296 Mevacor (lovastatin), 747t in mixed acid-base disorders, 303 Mexiletine (Mexitil), 126t Metabolic bone disease, 1593 for dysrhythmias, 809t in older adults, 1598–1599 Micardis (telmisartan), for hypertension, 724t–727t Metabolic equivalent (MET) units, 767, 768t Microdermabrasion, 441t Metabolic imbalances Micronase (glyburide), for diabetes mellitus, 1200, 1200t in burn injury, 460 Microvascular angina, 749, 750t skin manifestations of, 437t Microvascular decompression, for trigeminal neuralgia, 1503 Metabolic syndrome, 936–937, 937f, 937t Microvilli, 879 coronary artery disease and, 743 Microzide (hydrochlorothiazide), for hypertension, 724t–727t in diabetes, 1192–1193 Micturition. See Urinary elimination. Metaglip (metformin/glipizide), 1200t Midamor. See Amiloride. Metahydrin (trichlormethiazide), for hypertension, 724t–727t Middle cerebral artery, 1378, 1379f Metamorphopsia, 396 Mifepristone (Mifeprex, RU-486), for induced abortion, 1317, 1317t Metamucil (psyllium), for constipation, 989t Miglitol (Glyset), for diabetes mellitus, 1200 t, 1201 Metanephrine, measurement of, 1184t–1187t Migraine headaches, 1450f, 1450t, 1450–1451, 1452. See also Metaphyses, 1531, 1531f Headaches. Metaproterenol (Alupent), for respiratory failure, 1709 tension-type headaches and, 1450 Metastases, 246, 246f Mild cognitive impairment, 1484, 1485t bone, 1585 Miliary tuberculosis, 530 brain, 1412t–1413t Milk of Magnesia, for constipation, 989t hepatic, 1059, 1059f Milk thistle, 5t, 1038 pulmonary, 541 Milliequivalents (mEq), 283 Metered-dose inhalers, 570, 572f, 575–576, 576f Milrinone (Primacor), for heart failure, 782t, 783 problems with, 576 in dilated cardiomyopathy, 838 spacers for, 571, 572f, 575 Mind-body interventions, 83 vs. dry powder inhalers, 577t Mindfulness practices, 95 Metformin (Glucophage) Mineral oil, for constipation, 989 contrast media and, 1210 Mineral oil slides, 423t for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201, 1210 Mineralocorticoids, 1172, 1177. See also Corticosteroids. Methadone (Dolophine), 124t, 154t, 162 Minerals, 900–901, 902t Methamphetamine (Desoxyn), abuse of, 154 Minimal leak technique, 505, 1657 Methaqualone (Quaalude), 154 Minimal occluding volume technique, 1657 Methazolamide (Neptazane), for glaucoma, 399t Minimally invasive surgery, 343 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 220–221 Mini-Mental Status Examination, 1483, 1485t. See also Mental status Methimazole (Tapazole), for hyperthyroidism, 1237 examination. Methohexital (Brevital), in general anesthesia, 340t Minipress (prazosin), for hypertension, 724t–727t Methotrexate (Folex, Rheumatrex) Mini-tracheostomy, 1708 for ectopic pregnancy, 1322 Minorities. See Culture; Race/ethnicity. for induced abortion, 1317t, 1317 Minoxidil (Loniten), for hypertension, 724t–727t for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002 Miotics, for glaucoma, 398 for rheumatoid arthritis, 1606t, 1613 MiraLax (polyethylene glycol), for constipation, 989 GI toxicity of, folic acid for, 1625 Mirapex (pramipexole), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472 Methyclothiazide (Enduron), for hypertension, 724t-727t Miscarriage, 1316 Methylcellulose (Citrucel), for constipation, 989 Misoprostol (Cytotec), 968–670 Methyldopa (Aldomet), for hypertension, 724t–727t for induced abortion, 1317, 1317t Methylmalonic acid, 631t Mithracin (plicamycin), 297 Methylnaltrexone (Relistor), for constipation, 989 Mitosis, 190 Methylphenidate (Ritalin), abuse of, 154t Mitotic inhibitors, 255t–256t Methylprednisolone, for spinal cord injury, 1515–1516 Mitral valve prolapse, 831t, 831–832, 831f, 832. See also Valvular Methylprednisolone (Medrol, Solu-Medrol), for asthma, 570, 573t–574t heart disease. Methylxanthines Mitral valve regurgitation, 831t, 831. See also Valvular heart disease. for asthma, 573t–574t, 572 Mitral valve stenosis, 853f, 830–831, 831t. See also Valvular heart for COPD, 591 disease. Metipranolol (OptiPranolol), for glaucoma, 399t–400t Mitrolan (calcium polycarbophil), for diarrhea, 984t Metoclopramide (Reglan), for nausea and vomiting, 942 Mixed (overlapping) connective tissue disease, 1631 Metolazone (Zaroxolyn), for hypertension, 724t–725t Mixed venous blood gases, 475 Metoprolol (Lopressor) Mixed venous hemoglobin oxygen saturation, 1643t for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752 Mixed venous oxygen saturation, 1642, 1650–1651 for dysrhythmias, 809t M-mode echocardiography, 709 for hypertension, 724t–725t Mobitz I heart block, 802t, 806, 806f Metronidazole (Flagyl) Mobitz II heart block, 802t, 806, 806f for bacterial vaginosis, 1326t Modified Monroe-Kellie doctrine, 1391 for clostridial diarrhea, 984 Modified neck dissection, 511 for H. pylori infection, 963t Modified radical mastectomy, 1287, 1288t. See also Mastectomy. 73 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Modulation, of pain, 115f, 116 etiology of, 1465 Moexipril (Univasc), for hypertension, 724t–727t Moles. See Nevi. Mometasone (Asmanex) N for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Nadir, in blood cell count, 261 for asthma, 597, 598t–599t 571, 573t–574t Nadolol (Corgard) Moniliasis. See Candidiasis. for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 750t Monitored anesthesia care, 337, 338t for hypertension, 720 Monoclonal antibodies Naevus of Ota, 421–422, 422f for cancer, 268–271, 269t–270t Nafarelin (Synarel) for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 676–677 for infertility, 1316t for transplantation, 214t, 215 for uterine fibroids, 1329 side effects of, 269t, 270 Nails, 414 Monocytes, 170–171, 171f, 617f, 619 assessment of, 416–422. See Integumentary system, assessment of. Monofilament test, for sensory neuropathy, 1221 examination of, 41t–42t Mononuclear phagocytes, 195, 196f fungal infections of, 433, 433f, 433t Monopril (fosinopril), for hypertension, 724t–727t in older adults, 66, 66t Monosaccharides, 899 inspection of420 Monroe-Kellie doctrine, 1391 pigmented lines in, 413–414, 414f Mons pubis, 1261, 1261f splinter hemorrhage under, 699t–700t, 820 Montelukast (Singulair) structure of, 413–414, 414f for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Naloxone (Narcan), 425, 462 for asthma, 571–574, 573t–574t Namenda (memantine), for Alzheimer’s disease, 1488–1489 Moon face, 1182t–1183t NANDA International in Cushing syndrome, 1248f nursing diagnoses of, 11.See also Nursing diagnoses. Morbid obesity, 921–922, 922t standardized terminologies of, 9 Mormons, health beliefs and practices of, 26t electronic health records and, 9–10 Morphine, 124t. See also Opioids. NIC-NOC linkages with, 13, 14t, 15f, 14t abuse of, 124t, 161–162 Naproxen (Naprosyn, Aleve), 123t for acute coronary syndrome, 752t Naqua (trichlormethiazide), for hypertension, 724t–727t for angina, 752t Narcan (naloxone), 125–162 for heart failure, 782, 782t Narcolepsy, 106–107, 107t Morton’s neuroma, 1594t Nasacort (triamcinolone), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Motion-mode echocardiography, 709 Nasal anatomy, 478 Motivational interview, 166–167, 166t Nasal bleeding, 493, 494f for smoking cessation, 157, 157t Nasal cannula, 594t–596t Motor endplates, 1533 Nasal cavity, 470 Motor system, assessment of, 1384–1385, 1386t Nasal disorders, 493 Motrin. See Ibuprofen. Nasal examination, 480 Mouth. See Oral. Nasal filtration, 476 MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging. Nasal foreign bodies, 501 MS Contin. See Morphine. Nasal fractures, 5493–494, 1570–1571, 1570t MSIR. See Morphine. Nasal lavage502 Mucociliary escalator, 476 Nasal obstruction, 501 Mucositis, in cancer, 262t–263t, 264 Nasal packing, 493-494, 494f Mucus, cervical, postcoital test and, 1315 Nasal polyps, 507 MUGA (multigated acquisition) scan, 706t asthma and, 563 Multicultural nursing. See Culturally competent care. Nasal septum, deviated, 493 Multidrug-resistant organisms, 220, 220t Nasal surgery, 494 in pneumonia, 522, 525 Nasal tampons, 494 Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, 528 Nasal turbinates, 470 Multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan, 706 Nasalcrom (cromolyn) Multinucleated giant cells, 171 for allergic disorders, 206 Multiple chemical sensitivities, 208 for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Multiple myeloma, 678–679 Nasalide (flunisolide), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, 1673f, 1694–1695, 1695t– Nasogastric feeding, 910, 910f. See also Enteral nutrition. 1696t Nasogastric intubation in ARDS, 1713 drainage in, 358t Multiple sclerosis (MS), 1464–1467 oral hygiene in, 823 assessment in, 1468t postoperative, 992 classification of, 1466t skin care for, 912, 914b clinical course of, 1466 Nasogastric suction, fluid intake and, 291 clinical manifestations of, 1465–1466 Nasointestinal feeding, 910. See also Enteral nutrition. collaborative care for, 1466–1468, 1467t Nasonex. See Mometasone. demyelination in, 1465, 1465f Nasopharyngeal cancer, 509–513. See also Head and neck cancer. diagnosis of, 1466, 1467t Natalizumab (Tysabri) drug therapy for, 1466, 1467t for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002–1003, 1002t 74 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

for multiple sclerosis, 1466–1467 Negative inotropes, 1643 Nateglinide (Starlix), for diabetes mellitus, 1200–1201, 1200t Negative-pressure therapy, 181 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Negative-pressure ventilation, 1660, 1660f (NCCAM), 82 Neglect, elder, 63 –64, 63t National Disaster Medical System, 1735 Neglect syndrome, 1223–1224 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 534 Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 1301 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, 1437, 1437t Neisseria meningitidis, 1416 National patient safety goals, 4, 5t vaccine for, 1399 Native Americans. See also Race/ethnicity. Nembutal (pentobarbital), abuse of, 153t, 161 culture-bound syndromes of, 21t Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 1289 Natrecor (nesiritide), for heart failure, 724t–727t, 785 Neobladder, orthotopic, 1129–1130 Natriuretic peptides, 288, 702, 703t–707t Neocortex, 1374–1375 in heart failure, 777, 780, 781t Neomycin, for cirrhosis, 1052t Natural death acts, 65, 144 Neonate Natural killer cells, 192–93, 196f, 197, 247 gonorrheal eye infections in1302 Naturetin (bendroflumethiazide), for hypertension, 724t–727t lupus erythematosus in, 1626 Naturopathy, 83t Neoral (cyclosporine), for transplantation, 213–214, 214t Nausea and vomiting, 890t, 940–943 Neosar. See Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Neosar). clinical manifestations of, 941 Neo-Synephrine. See Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine, Mydfrin). collaborative care for, 742–751 Nephrectomy, laparoscopic, 1127 complementary and alternative therapies for, 1604 Nephritis definition of, 1399 chronic hereditary, 1115 drug therapy for, 950—951, 951t interstitial, 1120 etiology of, 940 lupus, 1622 in cancer, 262t–263t, 264–265 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, 1230–1231 in dying patient, 146t–147t Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, 1139 in gastric outlet obstruction966–967 Nephrolithiasis. See Urinary calculi. in increased intracranial pressure, 1393 Nephrolithotomy, 1110–1111 in myocardial infarction, 1675 Nephron, 1076, 1077f, 1078t in older adults, 945 Nephrosclerosis, 1093 intestinal obstruction and, 1099–1100 hypertensive, 718 nursing care plan for, 953b Nephroscope1089f nursing management of, 982–983 Nephrostogram, 1086t–1090t opioid-related125 Nephrostomy, 1129, 1129t. See also Urinary diversion. pathophysiology of, 941, 941f Nephrostomy tubes, 1126 postoperative, 345–346, 348 Nephrotic syndrome, 1106, 1106t projectile, 941 Nephrotoxicity, 1081t Near-drowning, 941–943, 942t of chemotherapy, 262t–263t Nearsightedness. See Myopia. of contrast media, 1141 Nebivolol (Bystolic), for hypertension, 724t–727t of drugs, 1140 Nebulizers, 575–576 Neptazane (methazolamide), for glaucoma, 399t–400t for oxygen therapy, 594 Nerve(s) Neck. See also under Cervical. cranial, . 1377–1378, 1378t, 1380f See also Cranial nerves. cancer of. See Head and neck cancer. in older adults, 1381t examination of, 41t–43t, 481 peripheral1377–1378, 1377f exercises for, 1592 regeneration of1373 fractures of, 1569–1570. See also Spinal cord injury. spinal, 129, 129f, 133t wry, 1539t Nerve blocks, 130, 338t, 339–342, 342f Neck dissection, 510, 511f. administration of, 339–340 See also Laryngectomy. epidural, 342, 342f modified, 511 for trigeminal neuralgia, 1503 nursing care plan for, 526b, 527b spinal, 347, 347f nursing management of, 635–638 Nerve conduction studies1389t radical, 1336, 1336f Nerve conduction velocity, 1386 Neck pain, 1592, 1592t Nerve impulses, 1373 Neck stiffness, in bacterial meningitis, 1416 Nervous system, 1372 Neck veins, distended, 698, 698t–699t assessment of, 1380–1385 Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, 1222, 1222f common abnormalities in, 1182t Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, 945t cranial nerve, 1383, 1383t nedocromil (Tilled), for allergic disorders, 207 diagnostic studies in, 1385–1391, 1386t–1388t Needle aspiration, transthoracic, 489, 489t focused, 40, 40b Needles for reflexes, 1385 Huber-point, 309, 309f functional health patterns in, 376–378 insulin, 1198 health history i1380, 1381t Needle-stick injuries, HIV transmission via, 224, 232 medication history in, 984 Negative acute phase proteins, 905–906 mental status examination in, 1383 Negative feedback, in hormone secretion, 1171, 1171f–1172f normal findings in, 1386t 75 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

physical examination in, 378–379, 378b, 379t Morton’s, 1594t surgical history in, 696 Neuromuscular blocking agents autonomic, 1377 for mechanical ventilation, 1666, 1709–1710 cardiovascular system and, 694 in anesthesia, 341t in older adults, 1381t Neuromuscular disorders, respiratory failure i1703 cells of915 Neuromuscular junctions, 1533, 1534f central, 1135.See also Brain; Spinal cord. Neurons, 1373, 1373f divisions of, 1373 lower motor, 1375 enteric, 876 upper motor, 1375 in older adults, 1379–1380, 1381t Neuropathic pain, 116, 118–119, 118t parasympathetic, 1378. See also Nervous system. Neuropathy. See Diabetic neuropathy; Peripheral neuropathy. cardiovascular system and, 694 Neuroplasticity, 117 in older adults, 1381t Neurosyphilis, 1303, 1508–1509 peripheral, 1691 Neurotransmitters, 1318, 1318t structures and functions of, 1372–1378 Neurovascular assessment, for fractures, 1557, 1562, 1563 sympathetic, 1377 See also Nervous system. Neutropenia, 629, 665–666 cardiovascular system and, 694 in cancer, 261–268, 262t–263t in blood pressure regulation, 694–695, 695t, in older adults, 667 in heart failure, 776 nursing care plan for, 667b in older adults, 1381t Neutrophils, 171, 171f, 617f, 616–617 Nesiritide (Natrecor), for heart failure, 724t–727t, 782 decreased, 665–666 Neulasta (pegfilgrastim) segmented617–618 for cancer, 271–272 271t Nevi, 420t, 437t,–438 for neutropenia, 667 atypical/dysplastic, 428t, 429f, 430–431 Neumega (oprelvekin) spider, 437t–438t 438 for cancer, 271–272, 270t in cirrhosis, 1046–1047 for thrombocytopenia645, 656–657 Nevus of Ota, 421–422, 422 Neupogen (filgrastim) Newborn for cancer271–272, 270t gonorrheal eye infections in, 1302 for neutropenia, 666 lupus erythematosus in, 1626 Neuralgia, postherpetic, 432b Newton, Isaac, 81 Neurectomies, 130, 131f Nexavar (sorafenib), for cancer, 296t–297t Neuroaugmentation, 130 of liver, 1059 Neurodegenerative diseases, 1495–1496 Nexium. See Esomeprazole (Nexium). Neurofibrillary tangles, 1484t, 1487f Niacin, for hyperlipidemia, 746b–747b, 747, 747t Neurogenic bladder, 1521–1522, 1522t Nicardipine (Cardene) in diabetes mellitus, 1221 for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t–755t in spinal cord injury, 1522–1523, 1523t for hypertension, 724t–727t Neurogenic bowel, 1517, 1523, 1524t Nicotine addiction, 154–155. See also Smoking. Neurogenic diabetes insipidus, 1231–1232 Nicotine replacement products, .155–155t See also Smoking. Neurogenic shock, 1501, 1677.See also Shock. Nicotinic acid, for hyperlipidemia, 746b–747b, 747, 747t clinical manifestations of, 303t Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia) collaborative care for, 1734t303–304, 304t for achalasia, 957 hemodynamic parameters in, 1674t for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t pathophysiology of, 1135, 1137f for hypertension, 724t–727t precipitating factors in, 1136t Night terrors, 110 Neurogenic skin, 1523 Nightingale, Florence, 3 Neuroglia, 1373 Nightmares, 110 Neurohypophysis.1174 See also Pituitary gland. NIH Stroke Scale, 1436t, 1441–1442 Neurologic assessment Nilotinib (Tasigna), for cancer, 269t–270t after spinal surgery1591 Nilutamide (Nilandron), for prostate cancer, 1359t, 1360 emergency, 1722, 1723t Nimodipine (Nimotop), for cerebral vasospasm, 1436, 1436b in increased intracranial pressure, 1399–1400 Niox Mino, 569 in stroke, 1436 Nipple postoperative, 345 abnormalities of, 1270t preoperative, 319 discharge from, 1270t, 1281 Neurologic disorders cytologic study of, 1272t–1275t, 1275 chronic, 717 in breast cancer, 1283 in acute kidney injury, 1138 in Paget’s disease, 1283 in burn injury, 451 Nipple-areolar reconstruction, 1295f postoperative, 345–346 Nipride (sodium nitroprusside) nursing management of, 762 for heart failure, 724t–727t, 782, 782b respiratory complications of, 551t for hypertension, 724t–727t respiratory failure in, 1703 Nisoldipine (Sular), for hypertension, 724t–727t skin manifestations of, 437t Nissen fundoplication, 951, 951f Neuroma Nitrates acoustic, 406, 1407t for acute coronary syndrome, 752t, 760 76 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

for chronic stable angina, 763, 763t, 751, 751t peptic ulcers and, 965, 967–969 for heart failure, 781–783, 781t, 785 side effects of, 123, 123t long-acting, 751 in older adults, 1618–1619 short-acting 749 f types of, 122 Nitric oxide Non–ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, 751f, 754, 754f. See in asthma, 563 also Acute coronary syndrome. in heart failure, 777 Nonverbal communication, 25–26 in mechanical ventilation, 1641 in patient teaching, 45–46 Nitrobid. See Nitroglycerin. Norepinephrine, endogenous, 1172t, 1177, 1374t Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin, Macrodantin), for urinary tract infections, Norepinephrine (Levophed), for shock, 1686t–1687t 1095–1096, 1096b Normal pressure hydrocephalus, 1497 Nitrogen, liquid, 440 Normodyne (labetalol), 734b Nitroglycerin for hypertension, 724t–727t for acute coronary syndrome, 752t, 760 Norovirus diarrhea, 983–985, 983t for angina, 752t Norpace (disopyramide), for dysrhythmias, 809t for aortic valve stenosis, 832, 832b North American Nursing Diagnosis Association. See NANDA for cardiogenic shock, 1686t–1687t International. for chronic stable angina, 750, 751 Nortriptyline (Aventyl) for heart failure781–782, 782t, 784 for interstitial cystitis, 1102, 1103 for hypertension, 724t–727t for smoking cessatio154–155, 155 for variceal bleeding1050 Norvasc. See also Amlodipine (Norvasc). Nitropaste, 751 Nose. See also under Nasal. Nitrosureas, 255t–256 air filtration in, 576 Nitrous oxide, 340t structures and functions of, 471 Nizatidine (Axid) Nosebleeds, 493, 494f, 626t–627t for peptic ulcer, 968 Novarel, for infertility1316t for upper GI bleeding, 960t NovoLog (aspart), 1196 Nocardiosis, 533, 533t Nplate (romiplostim), for immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 656 Nociception, 114–116, 114f NPO status Nociceptive pain, 1, 118, 120, 120t after gastrointestinal surgery, 992b Nocturia, 1081, 1083t, 1096t preoperative, 323, 324t, 325b in heart failure, 779 NREM sleep, 101 Nocturnal angina, 749 NSAIDs. See Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity testing, 1367 Nuchal rigidity, 1416 Nodes of Ranvier, 1374f, 1375 Nuclear cardiology, 703t–707t, 709 Nodules Nuclear imaging breast, 1270t, 1280 abdominal, 891t–893t ovarian, in endometriosis, 1329 in exercise testing703t–707t rheumatoid, 1611 Nucleic acid amplification test, for gonorrhea, 1302 subcutaneous, in rheumatic fever, 828 Nucleoside analogs, for hepatitis, 1038–1039 thyroid, 1182t–1183t, 1233–1234, 1234t Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors230t Nolvadex (tamoxifen) Nucleotide analogs, for hepatitis, 1038–1039 for breast cancer, 1289–1290, 1290t Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 230t for endometrial cancer, 1351–1352 Nucynta (tapentadol), 1126t, 127 Nomenclatures, 9 Nuflexxa (hyaluronic acid), for osteoarthritis, 1604 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 1044 Nulliparous female, 1260 Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 1044 Nuprin. See Ibuprofen. Noncompliance, ethical aspects of, 834b Nurse(s) Nongonococcal urethritis, chlamydial, 1303 advanced practice, 3–4 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 677, 667t assignment by, 14 Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, 1708–1709, 1709f circulating, 331 Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 230t delegation by. See Delegation. Non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, 101 latex allergy in, 207–208, 208t Non–small cell lung cancer, 537, 538t. See also Lung cancer. licensed practical/vocational, 14 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 122–123, 123t perioperative, 331, 331t asthma and, 563 scrub, 331 efficacy of, 122–123 sleep disturbances in, 110–111 for arthritis, 1605t–1607t smoking cessation for, 157 for connective tissue disorders, 1605t–1607t supervision by, 14 for dysmenorrhea, 1319 Nurse anesthetist, 330–331, 3356 for inflammation, 174, 174t Nursing. See also Nurse; Nursing practice. for osteoarthritis, 1608 changing populations in, 4 for rheumatoid arthritis, 1612 clinical decision making in, 4–5 gastritis and, 962 community-based, 73 gastrointestinal bleeding and, 958 critical care, 1637 See also Critical care nursing. mechanism of action of, 116 critical thinking in, 4–5 overdose of, 1731t definitions of, 3 77 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

emergency, 1721–1726 defining characteristics and, 13 expanding knowledge base for, 4 definition of, 11 gerontologic, 65. See also Older adults. diagnostic statements for, 11–13 holistic, 82 etiologies of, 12–13 interdisciplinary, 3 functional health patterns and, 12 primary, 4 NANDA-I, 11 primary goals of, 10t PES format for, 1–13, 12t public health, 73 problem identification and, 11–12 specialties in, 3 “related to” statements in, 12–13 team, 4 risk, 11–12 technology in, 4 signs and symptoms and, 13 transcultural, 19. See also Culturally competent care; Culture. taxonomy of, 11 view of humanity in, 3 wellness, 11–12 Nursing: A Social Policy Statement (ANA), 3 Nursing history, 34 See also Health history. Nursing assistive personnel, 14 See also Delegation. Nursing implementation, 14–16 Nursing care assignment in, 15 delivery of, 4 delegation in, 14–15, 14t, 15b relationship-based, 4 supervision in, 15 Nursing care plan, 10, 10f, 12b, 16. See also Planning. Nursing informatics, 10 for acute coronary syndrome, 737b–737b Nursing interventions, 14, 14t for Alzheimer’s disease, 638b–638b classification of, 14 for anemia, 644, 644b–665b Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), 9, 14 for asthma, 579b electronic health records and, 9 for bacterial meningitis, 1419b–1423b NANDA-NOC linkages with , 14, 15f, 15t for breast cancer surgery, 1283 Nursing Management Minimum Data Set, 9 for chronic kidney disease, 1146 Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), 9, 13–14 for cirrhosis, 1052b–1053 electronic health records and, 9 for colostomy, 1019b–1020b NANDA-NIC linkages with, 14, 15f, 15t for COPD, 597b–598b Nursing practice, 2 See also Nurse; Nursing. for diabetes mellitus, 1208 advanced, 3–4 for diarrhea, 985b certification in, 3 for enteral nutrition, 943 collaborative functions in, 11 for fractures, 1553–1554b current, 2–4 for headaches1452b dependent functions in, 11 for heart failure, 12b doctorate of, 4 for hepatitis, 1041b domain of, 2–3 for hyperthyroidism, 1240 evidence-based. See Evidence-based practice. for hypothyroidism, 1240 future influences on, 3–10 for hysterectomy, 1338b independent functions in, 10–11 for ileostomy, 1020b–1021b nursing process in, 10–11 See also Nursing process. for increased intracranial pressure, 1403b–1407b scope of, 2–3 for inflammatory bowel disease, 1003b–1004b Nursing process, 8–9 for joint surgery, 1561b assessment in, 10–11, 10f, 43–44, 43f. See also Assessment. for multiple sclerosis1467b–1468b definition of, 10 for nausea and vomiting, 941 evaluation in, 581 for neutropenia, 666b implementation in, . See also Implementation.10, 10f, 13–15 for parenteral nutrition, 918b nursing diagnoses in, 10–11, 10f, 43–44, 43f.See also Nursing for Parkinson’s disease, 1471b–1472b diagnoses. for peripheral arterial disease, 854b–854b phases of, 10, 10f for pneumonia, 525b–526b planning in, 10, 10f, 12b, 13–14. See also Nursing care plan. for pressure ulcers, 187 problem identification in44–45, 44f for prostate surgery, 1352b–1353b standardized nursing terminologies in, 14, 15t, 15f for rheumatoid arthritis, 1616b–1617b Nursing terminologies, standardized. See Standardized nursing for seizures, 1460b–1461b terminologies. for shock, 1686b–1687b Nutrition. See also Diet; Feeding; Food. for spinal cord injury, 1514b antiaging effects of, 61 for stroke, 1437 cultural aspects of, 27, 901 for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1626b–1627b definition of, 897 for thoracic surgery, 550b enteral, 914–918 for thrombocytopenia, 658 in older adults, 908–910 for total laryngectomy/radical neck dissection, 515b–516b normal, 900–902 for tracheostomy, 506b–508b skin health and, 425 for valvular heart disease, 821 wound healing and, 181–182 Nursing diagnoses, 11–13 Nutritional assessment, 905t, 906–907 assessment and, 44, 44f for older adults, 63, 63t collaborative problems and, 13 preoperative, 320 data analysis and, 11 Nutritional problems, 897 78 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Nutritional supplements, 84, 86t behavior modification for, 930 Nutritional therapy calorie-restricted diet for, 928, 928t after gastric surgery, 975 classification of, 921–922, 922t cultural aspects of, 901 collaborative care for, 926–931, 947t decision-making plan for, 909f coronary artery disease and, 742–743 enteral nutrition in. See Enteral nutrition. diagnosis of, 928t for acute coronary syndrome, 761 drug therapy for, 930–931 for acute kidney injury, 1139 environmental factors in, 948, 948t925, 925t for acute pancreati1063 epidemiology of, 922 for anemia, 640t etiology of, 923–925 for burn injury, 459t, 460, 464 genetic factors in, 923 for cancer, 274, 274t gynoid, 922, 923f, 923t of head and neck, 512–513 health risks of, 923, 923b, 925, 926, 926f for chronic kidney disease, 1146–1148, 1148t implementation for, 927 for chronic pancreatitis, 1065–1066 in Cushing syndrome, 1247, 1248f, 1249f for cirrhosis, 1052 in older adults, 936 for constipation, 984, 990 in polycystic ovary syndrome, 1331 for COPD, 598–599 in surgical patient, 320 for coronary artery disease, 745, 745t metabolic syndrome and, 936–937, 937f, 937t for diabetes mellitus, 1202–1204, 1203t morbid, 921–922, 922t for esophageal cancer, 956 nursing diagnoses for, 927 for fractures, 1556–1557 nursing management of, 926–930 for gallbladder disease, 1071 nutritional therapy for, 928, 928t for GERD, 950 pathophysiology of, 923–925 for gout, 1621 planning in, 927 for Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1507 primary vs. secondary, 921 for heart failure, 785, 785b psychosocial factors in, 925–926 for hepatitis, 1039 skin and, 426 for hypertension720–722, 720t, 728 stroke and, 1425–1426 for hyperthyroidism, 1237–1238 support groups for, 930 for ileostomy, 1021 surgery for, 931–934, 931t. See also Bariatric surgery. for increased intracranial pressure, 1403–1404 type II diabetes and, 1192–1193 for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002 Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome, 575t for intermaxillary fixation, 1571 Objective data, 35, 39–40. See also Physical examination. for interstitial cystitis, 1102–1203 Oblique fractures, 1551–1551f for mechanical ventilation, 1666 Obstipation, 988 for menopausal symptoms, 1324 Obstructive jaundice, 1032 for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, 1696–1977 Obstructive lung disease, 562 for multiple sclerosis, 1467–1468 asthma, 562–578 for nausea and vomiting, 941–942 lung volumes in, 550t for osteoarthritis, 1604 race/ethnicity and, 563b for Parkinson’s disease, 1471 Obstructive shock, 1679. See also Shock. for peptic ulcers, 970 clinical manifestations of, 1676t for peripheral arterial disease, 853 collaborative care for, 1689t, 1690 for pneumonia, 525 hemodynamic parameters in, 1674t for respiratory failure, 710 pathophysiology of, 1679f for rheumatoid arthritis, 1614 precipitating factors in, 1673t for spinal cord injury, 1514 Obstructive sleep apnea, 108, 108f, 109b for stroke, 1422–1423, 1444 Obstructive uropathies, 1106 for systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 1696–1697 Obturators, 502f, 504, 505 for urinary calculi, 1109, 1109t Occipital lobe, 1735, 1736f, 1736t in Alzheimer’s disease, 1495 Occupational asthma, 564 in critical care nursing, 1638 Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA), 536 in home care, 918 infection precautions and, 222, 221t oral feeding in, 910 Occupational lung disease, 534–536, 535t parenteral nutrition in, 914–916 chemical pneumonitis, 535 Nutritional-metabolic pattern, 37t, 38 hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 535 Nystagmus, 160, 1383, 1386t idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 553 interstitial, 553 pneumoconiosis, 535 O Occupational therapy, 79t O blood type, 629–630, 630t for burns, 464 Obesity, 921–926 Octreotide (Sandostatin) activity and exercise for, 929 for acromegaly, 1228 android, 922, 923f, 923t for cirrhosis, 1053t assessment in, 926–927, 927t for diarrhea, 984t for upper GI bleeding, 960, 960t 79 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Ocular decontamination, 1732 hematologic system in, 622, 622t Ocular dryness, 371t hiatal hernia in, 953–954 Oculocephalic reflex, 1401 home health care for, 65 Oculomotor nerve, 1378f, 1378t homeless, 62–63 compression of, 1395 hospitalization of68–72, 68t examination of, 1382 housing for, 65 Ocu-Pentolate (cyclopentolate), for pupillary dilation, 392t hypertension in, 732 Ocupress (carteolol), for glaucoma, 399t–400t hyperthyroidism in, 1236t Ocu-Tropine (atropine), for pupillary dilation, 392t immune response in, 200, 200t Odors, in skin disorders, 420 infections in, 221 Odynophagia, 890t inflammatory bowel disease in, 1005 in cancer, 262t–263t, 265 integumentary system in, 415–416 Ofatumumab (Arzerra), for cancer, 269t–270t life expectancy of, 60–61 Ointments, 439 liver disease in, 1061 Older adults, 60 long-term care for, 65. See also Long-term care. access to care for, 22 malnutrition in, 908–910 acute care for, 68–71, 68t metabolic bone disease in, 1598–1599 acute kidney injury in, 1141 mistreatment of, 63, 64, 63t adult day care for, 65 musculoskeletal system in, 1534, 1535t, 1545 Alzheimer’s disease in, 1485–1489 nails in, 416, 416t amputation in, 1575 nausea and vomiting in, 945 anemia in, 639 nervous system in, 1379–1380, 1381t anesthesia in, 342–343, 360 neutropenia in, 667 arthritis in, 1618–1619 normal forgetfulness in, 1485t as caregivers, 63 NSAID side effects in, 1618–1619 assessment for, 66 nursing assessment for, 66 asthma in, 584 nursing diagnoses for, 67, 67t attitudes toward, 60–61 nursing implementation for, 67–71 auditory system in, 375, 376t nursing management for, 66–73 bias toward, 21 nutritional assessment for, 63, 63t, 906 breast changes in, 1282 obesity in, 936 burns in, 466 old-old, 60 cancer in, 278 orthostatic hypotension in, 733 of breast, 1285 pain management for, 135 cardiovascular system in, 693, 694, 695t peptic ulcer disease in, 975 care alternatives for, 65–66 physical examination for, 42, 42t cascade disease pattern and, 66 physiologic changes in, 61 cataracts in, 391, 393 rehabilitation for, 68, 68b chronic illness in, 57–59, 61 See also Chronic illness. reproductive system in, 1265, 1265t, 1266t chronic kidney disease in, 1165–1167 respiratory failure in, 1710, 1711 cognitive impairment in, 61, 62t respiratory system in, 476, 477, 477t complementary and alternative therapies for, 86 restraints for, 70–71 COPD in, 558 rural, 62 coronary artery disease in, 747 seizures in, 1460–1461 corticosteroid side effects in, 1618–1619 self-neglect by, 64 culturally competent care for, 63 sexual function in, 1266t delirium in, 1496 skin in, 415–416, 416f, 416t demographic trends for, 60 sleep patterns/problems in, 70, 110–111 depression in, 70 social support/services for, 63–64 diabetes mellitus in, 1223–1225 spinal cord injury in, 1526 drug therapy for, 69, 70, 69f, 70t stroke in, 1447–1448 emergency nursing for, 1726 substance abuse in, 167–168 endocrine system in, 1178, 1178t surgery in enteral nutrition in, 914–917 intraoperative care for, 342 evaluation for, 71–72, 71t postoperative care for, 360–362 female, 61–62, 62b preoperative care for, 327–329 fluid and electrolyte balance in, 228 teaching strategies for, 52t, 54 fluid intake in, 291 thrombocytopenia in, 667 foot disorders in, 1593 urinary incontinence in, 1081 fractures in, 1545t urinary system in, 1082, 1081t frail, 60, 62 urinary tract infections in, 1095 gastroesophageal reflux disease in, 952–953 visual impairment in, 366, 383, 386 gastrointestinal system in, 822, 883t, 888, 889 visual system in, 366, 367t glaucoma in, 400 with special needs, 65 hair in, 416, 416t young-old, 60 health promotion for, 67 Old-old adults, 60 hearing loss in, 375, 410, 412, 410t Olfactory nerve, 1377f, 1377f 80 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

examination of, 1382 withdrawal from, 133, 133t, 153t Oligodendrocytes, 1373 Opioid-sparing effect, 122 Oligomenorrhea, 1320–1321 Opisthotonos, 1508 Oliguria, 1085 Opium, 154t, 162–163 in acute kidney injury, 1137–1138 Opportunistic diseases postoperative, 345–347 cytomegalovirus infection as, 523 Olmesartan (Benicar), for hypertension, 724t–727t definition of, 226 Omaha System, 8 in HIV infection, 224–226, 227t Omalizumab (Xolair), for asthma, 573t–574t, 572 in neutropenia, 664–666 Omega-3 fatty acids, 86t pneumonia as, 227t, 236, 236f coronary artery disease and, 745, 746b Opposition, 1538t hypertension and, 721b Oprelvekin (Neumega) Omentum, 877–878 for cancer, 271t Omeprazole (Prilosec) for thrombocytopenia, 645, 656–657 for peptic ulcers, 968 Optic disc for upper GI bleeding, 960t cupping of, 397, 397f Ommaya reservoir, 257 examination of, 372 Omnaris (ciclesonide), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t physiologic cup of, 373 Omnitrope (Somatropin), for hypopituitarism, 1229 swelling of, 394 Oncofetal antigens, 248 Optic nerve, 366, 365f, 366f, 1378f, 1378t Oncogenes, 244 examination of, 372, 1382 Oncotic pressure, 285 Optic tracts, 365–366, 365f, 366f Ondansetron (Zofran), for nausea and vomiting, 942 Optimine (azatadine), for allergic rhinitis, 901t–902t Onglyza (saxagliptin), for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 Oral candidiasis, 890t, 945t Onsolis, 276 HIV-related, 266, 266f, 227t Onychomycosis, 433, 433f, 433t Oral care Oocytes, 1260 in Alzheimer’s disease, 1495 Oophorectomy, 1266t, 1336f, 1336t in cancer, 510 nursing management for, 1358 in endotracheal intubation, 1659 prophylactic, 1283 Oral cavity Opana (oxymorphone), 124t cancer of, 510–512, 945, 947, 946t, 947t. See also Head and neck Open fractures, 1551 cancer. infection of, 1563–1564 disorders of, 890t Open pneumothorax, 542, 543t, 543f examination of, 480, 886 Operating room, 331 in older adults, 883, 883t patient transport to, 327, 335 infections of, 945, 945t physical layout of, 330–331 inflammatory disorders of, 945, 945t preparation of, 335 structures and functions of, 876–879 Ophthalgan (glycerin), for glaucoma, 399t–400t Oral contraceptives Ophthalmia neonatorum, 1302 breakthrough bleeding and, 1320 Ophthalmic examination. See Visual system, assessment of. breast cancer and, 1282 Ophthalmoplegia, 1387t for endometriosis, 1330 Ophthalmoscopy, 370t for premenstrual disorder, 1319 Opioids, 123–127 stroke and, 1426 abuse of, 153t–154t, 160, 162 venous thromboembolism and, 860 addiction to, 133–134 Oral dryness administration of, 124t, 128–130 in Sjögren’s syndrome, 1631 agents to avoid, 125 radiation therapy and, 262t–263t, 513 dosage of, 128 Oral glucose tolerance test, 1184–1187 for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t for acromegaly, 1227 for burns, 459, 459t, 464 for diabetes mellitus, 1193 for pain management Oral hairy leukoplakia, HIV-related, 226, 226f, 227t in cancer, 276–277 Oral herpes simplex virus infection, 890t, 945t in substance abusers, 136–137, 165, 166, 165t Oral hygiene in anesthesia, 341t in diabetes mellitus, 1211 in patient-controlled analgesia, 130 in nasogastric intubation, 1009 intraspinal, 129–130, 129f intermaxillary fixation and, 1571 mechanism of action of, 116, 123 Oral hypoglycemics, 1199t–1200t overdose of, 161t, 162 Oral mucositis, in cancer, 262t–263t, 264 physical dependence on, 133, 133t Oral ulcers, 890t, 945t postoperative, 354 aphthous, 945t respiratory depression and, 125, 551t HIV-related, 226, 226f, 227t rotation of, 133 in cancer, 262t–263t, 513 side effects of, 124t, 125 Oramorph. See Morphine. to hasten death, 135 Orbital fractures, 1405–1406, 1405t, 1570, 1571, 1570t tolerance to, 133 Orchiectomy, 1266t types of, 123–125, 124t for prostate cancer, 1959t, 1360 81 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

for testicular cancer, 1365 Osteoclasts, 1531 Orchitis, 1364 Osteocytes, 1531 Orencia (abatacept), for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1612–1614 Osteomalacia Oretic (hydrochlorothiazide), for hypertension, 724t–727t in chronic kidney disease, 1145, 1145f, 1146 Orexin, 101 Osteomyelitis, 1581, 1583, 1582f, 1582t, 1583t Organ donation, 144 Osteons, 1530, 1531f Organ of Corti, 374, 375f Osteopenia, 1595 Organ transplantation. See Transplantation. Osteophytes, in osteoarthritis, 1602, 1603f Orgasms Osteoporosis, 1594–1595 female, 1265 case study of, 1598 male, 1264 clinical manifestations of, 1595 Orlistat (Xenical), 930 collaborative care for, 1595–1596, 1597 Oropharyngeal cancer, 510–512, 945, 947, 946t, 947t See also Head corticosteroid-induced, 1254 and neck cancer. diagnosis of, 1595 Orthoclone OKT3 (muromonab-CD3), for transplantation, 214–215, drug therapy for, 1597t, 1596 214t etiology of, 1595 Orthopedic surgery. See Joint surgery. gender differences in, 1597 Orthopnea, 480 inflammatory bowel disease and, 1000b Orthostatic hypotension, 695, 730, 731 nursing management of, 1595–1596 antihypertensive-related, 728, 733 pathophysiology of, 1595f, 1596 in older adults, 733 postmenopausal, 1323–1324 nitrate-related, 751 race/ethnicity and, 1596b Orthotopic bladder reconstruction, 1129–1132 risk factors for, 1596t Orthovisc (hyaluronic acid), for osteoarthritis, 1608 T-score in, 1595–1596 Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), 500 Osteosarcoma, 1585, 1585f, 1585t. See also Bone cancer. Osler’s nodes, 820 Osteotomy, 1575 Osmitrol (mannitol), for glaucoma, 399t–400t stoma in. See Stoma(s). Osmoglyn Oral (glycerin), for glaucoma, 399t–400t Ostomy Osmolality, 285 adaptation to, 1021 measurement of, 285 care of, 1018–1021, 1018t plasma, 1176, 1176f delegation of, 1020 tonicity and, 285 colostomy, 884t, 1013, 1015, 1016t, 1018, 1021 urine, 1091t end stoma, 1016 Osmolarity, 285 ileostomy, 884, 1016f, 1016t, 1021. See also Urinary diversion. Osmosis, 285, 285f, 1153f nursing care plan, 986b in peritoneal dialysis, 1153, 1154f patient teaching for, 1017–1018, 1018t Osmotic pressure, 285 pouches for. See Pouches. Ossicles, 374–375, 375f sexual function and, 1021–1022 Ossification, 1531 site of, 1017 in fracture healing, 1551, 1552f surgery for, 1015–1017 Osteitis deformans, 1597–1598 nursing management of, 1017–1022 Osteitis fibrosa, in chronic kidney disease, 1145, 1145f, 1147 postoperative care in, 1017–1018 Osteoarthritis, 1601–1608 preoperative care in, 1017 clinical manifestations of, 1602–1603 temporary vs. permanent, 1017 collaborative care for, 1603–1608, 1604t types of, 1015, 1016f complementary and alternative therapies for, 1604, 1608b Otalgia, 402 deformity in, 1602 Otic drops, administration of, 402–403 diagnosis of, 1603, 1604t Otitis externa, 402 drug therapy for, 1604–1608, 1605t, 1607t Otitis media etiology of, 1601, 1602t acute, 403 gender differences in, 1602b chronic, 404, 404t heat and cold application for, 1604 with effusion, 403 idiopathic, 1061 Otorrhea1404, 1405, 1404f in older adults, 1618–1619 Otosclerosis, 405, 405t involved joints in, 1602–1603, 1604f Otoscope, 378–379, 378f, 379f nursing management of, 1608–1609 Ototoxic drugs, 408 of lumbar spine, 1588 Outcome identification. See Patient outcomes. pain in, 1602–1603 Out-of-hospital DNR, 145 pathophysiology of, 1601, 1603f Outpatient surgery. See Ambulatory surgery. rest and joint protection for, 1604 OVA1 test, 1335 secondary, 1601, 1602t Oval window, 374–375, 375f stiffness in, 1602 Ovarian suppression, for endometriosis, 1330 total joint arthroplasty for. See Arthroplasty. Ovary vs. rheumatoid arthritis, 1611t benign tumors of, 1331 Osteoblasts, 1531 cancer of, 1334, 1335, 1334t, 1334b See also Reproductive cancers, Osteochondroma, 1584, 1585t female. Osteoclastoma, 1585t cysts of, 1331.1331f 82 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

in older adults, 1178t monitoring of, 813 nodules of, in endometriosis, 1329 patient teaching for, 814t radiation injury of, 262t–263t, 267, 268 permanent, 812, 812f structures and functions of, 1171f, 1259 temporary, 812, 812f–813f, 813t Overactive bladder, 1120, 1120b transcutaneous, 813, 813f Overdose, drug, 1731t. See also Poisoning. transvenous, 812 Overdrive pacing, 811 with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, 811 Overflow incontinence, 1119, 1120t Pacific Islanders. See also Race/ethnicity. Overlapping connective tissue disease, 1631 culture-bound syndromes of, 29t Overnutrition, 902. See also Obesity. Pacing Over-the-counter drugs, safety concerns with, 577–578 antitachycardia, 811–812 Overweight, 921, 922, 922f, 922t. See also Obesity. biventricular, 783 Ovulation, 1260, 1263 epicardial, 812 assessment of, 1315 overdrive, 811 regulation of, 1262–1263 transvenous, 812 Ovulation prediction kits, 1315 Pack years, 479 Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal), for trigeminal neuralgia, 1502–1503 Packed red cells, 307–308 Oximetry, 445, 445t, 487t, 488t PaCO2, 473–474, 474t Oxycodone (OxyContin), 124t in endotracheal intubation, 1656 abuse of, 154t, 161–162 Paget’s disease Oxygen masks, 592–594 of bone, 1597–1598 Oxygen therapy of breast, 1283–1284 absorption atelectasis and, 596 Pain, 113 administration of, 594–595, 592t–594t abdominal carbon dioxide narcosis in, 595 acute, 990–991, 991t, 996f complications of, 595 chronic, 993–994 delegation in, 595b emergency management of, 995t delivery systems for, 596f, 596t rebound, 890t fire risk with, 597t acute, 116, 118t, 119 for ARDS, 1715 anginal. See Angina. for asthma, 570–571 assessment of, 119–121, 119t, 121b for cluster headaches, 1453 in nonverbal patients, 136, 136t for COPD, 594–596, 592t, 594t associated symptoms with, 120 for heart failure, 780, 783 back. See Back pain. for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, 1696 breakthrough, 120 for respiratory failure, 1707, 1715 breast, 1279 for systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 1696–1697 case study of, 136b humidification in, 595 central, 119 hyperbaric, 181–182 central sensitization in, 115 for osteomyelitis, 1053 chest in home care, 596–597, 596t–597t anginal. See Angina. indications for, 594 causes of, 758t infection and, 596 emergency management of, 758t low- vs. high-flow, 594 chronic, 116, 118t, 119 nebulization in, 595 chronic pelvic patient teaching for, 597t in females, 1327–1329 pulse oximetry in, 1651 in males, 1361 toxicity of, 595 classification of, 117–119, 118t Oxygen toxicity, 595 deafferentation, 119 Oxygenation failure, 1699–1700. See also Respiratory failure. deep, 118 Oxygen–carbon dioxide exchange, 473–474, 474f definition of, 114 Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, 473, 474f dimensions of, 114–115, 114t Oxyhemoglobin, 617 documentation of, 121 Oxymetazoline (Dristan), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t ear, 402 Oxymorphone (Opana), 124t gender differences in, 115b Oxypurinol, for gout, 1621 heel, 1594 Oxytocin, 1172t, 1175, 1176 in acute pancreatitis, 1062, 1065 in Alzheimer’s disease, 1494 in aortic dissection, 849 P in appendicitis, 996 Pacemaker (physiologic) in burns, 459, 459t, 464 secondary, 799 in cancer, 276–277, 276t sinoatrial node as, 799 in cholecystitis, 1068, 1071 Pacemakers (electronic), 811–814, 812f. See also Pacing. in cholelithiasis, 1068, 1071 in cardiac resynchronization therapy, 783, 783f, 812 in chronic pancreatitis, 1066 malfunctioning of, 813, 814f in complex regional pain syndrome, 119 in Crohn’s disease, 1000 83 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

in diabetic neuropathy, 1220–1221 transduction in, 115–116, 115f in diverticulitis, 1022 transmission of, 115f, 116–117, 117f in dying patients, 147, 148t–150t dorsal horn processing in, 116–117 in ectopic pregnancy, 1322 to spinal cord, 116 in female reproductive disorders, 1271t to thalamus and cortex, 117 in gallbladder disease, 1069, 1071 treatment of. See Analgesics; Pain management. in headache. See Headaches. visceral, 118 in heart failure, 779 Pain management, 121–133 in Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 674 acupuncture in, 83, 131 in interstitial cystitis, 1102–1103 barriers to, 132–133, 134t in intestinal obstruction, 1008–1009 cognitive therapy in, 132 in mitral valve prolapse, 831 cold therapy in, 132, 132t in musculoskeletal trauma, 1562t communication in, 132–133 in myocardial infarction, 749f, 755 delegation in, 133b in nephrolithiasis, 1108 distraction in, 132 in older adults, 135–136 drug therapy in, 122–130. See also Analgesics. in osteoarthritis, 1602–1603 ethical issues in, 135 in pancreatic cancer, 1067 exercise in, 131 in pelvic inflammatory disease, 1327 for older adults, 135, 360 in peptic ulcer disease, 966 for substance abusers, 136–137, 164–165, 650b in pericarditis, 823–826 heat therapy in, 131–132, 132t in peripheral arterial disease, 851 hypnosis in, 132 in peritonitis, 997 in critical care, 1639–1641 in pleurisy, 552 in mechanical ventilation, 1667 in prostatitis, 1362 in nonverbal patients, 136, 136t in respiratory failure, 1709–1710 inadequate, 113–114, 114t in sickle cell disease, 648, 650, 650b institutional support for, 133–134 in trigeminal neuralgia, 1501–1503 massage in, 131 in ulcerative colitis, 1000 nerve blocks in, 130 in urinary disorders, 1083t neuroablative interventions in, 116, 131f in urinary tract infections, 1100 neuroaugmentation in, 131f incident, 120 nondrug therapies in, 131–132, 131t intensity of, 120, 120f nurse’s role in, 132 joint. See also Arthritis. patient goals for, 121 in infective endocarditis, 822 patient/caregiver teaching for, 132–134 location of, 120 patient-controlled analgesia in, 354 magnitude of problem, 113–114 placebos in, 135 mechanisms of, 115–117, 115f postoperative, 354 menstrual, 1319 in older adults, 360 in endometriosis, 1329 principles of, 121–122 modulation of, 115f, 117 provider education about, 133–134 myofascial, 1632 regional anesthesia in, 116 neck, 1592, 1592t relaxation techniques in, 132 neuropathic, 116, 118–119, 118t spinal cord stimulation in, 131 nociceptive, 115–118, 115f, 118t TENS in, 131, 131f nursing diagnoses for, 133t Pain Thermometer Scale, 120, 120f ocular, 371t Painful bladder syndrome, 1102–1103, 1102t on intercourse, menopause and, 1323 Palifermin (Kepivance), 265 on urination, 1085t, 1096t Palliative care, 139–140, 140t. See also End-of-life care. onset and duration of, 120 cultural aspects of, 143–144 patient beliefs/expectations/goals and, 121 for heart failure, 790 patterns of, 120 Pallor, 419t, 626t–627t perception of, 115f, 117 Palmar drift test, 1401 assessment of, 1384 Palmar erythema, in cirrhosis, 1046 peripheral sensitization in, 116 Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, in chemotherapy, 266–267 persistent, 117 Palpation, 35–36, 39, 40f personal meaning of, 115 in musculoskeletal assessment, 1537 postmastectomy, 1287, 1294 of abdomen, 888, 888f postoperative, 353 of breast, 1269 in older adults, 360 of chest, 481, 481f, 699 pulmonary embolism and, 554 of kidney, 1084, 1084f quality of, 120 of liver, 627 referred, 117, 117f of pulses, 698, 699f somatic, 118 of spleen, 627 suffering and, 115 of testes, 1269 superficial, 118 of thyroid, 1181, 1182f sympathetically maintained, 119 Pamidronate (Aredia), 297 84 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

for multiple myeloma, 679 autotransplantation of, 1246 for osteoporosis, 1596–1597 disorders of, 1224 for Paget’s disease, 1597–1598 in older adults, 1178t Pancreas structures and functions of, 1171f, 1176–1177, 1177f abscess of, 1062 Parathyroid hormone, 1172t, 1176–1177 autodigestion of, 1061, 1061f deficiency of, 1225t, 1225 cancer of, 1067–1068 excess of, 1224–1225, 1225t disorders of, 1060 measurement of, 1184t–1187t, 1187 race/ethnicity and, 1033b Parathyroid scan, 1184t–1187t in older adults, 882–883, 883f, 1178t Parathyroidectomy, 1225 structures and functions of, 881f, 882, 1177 hypoparathyroidism after, 1225 transplantation of, for diabetes mellitus, 1206 nursing management of, 1225 Pancreatic enzymes, 879t Paregoric, for diarrhea, 984t in acute pancreatitis, 1062, 1062f, 1063t Parenteral nutrition, 915–917. See also Nutritional therapy. supplemental, for chronic pancreatitis, 1065–1066 administration of, 916 Pancreatic hormones, 1172t, 1177–1178 central, 916 Pancreatic insufficiency, in cystic fibrosis, 606, 609 complications of, 917t Pancreatic islet cell transplantation, 1206 fat emulsion in, 918 Pancreatic polypeptide, 1172t in home care, 919 Pancreatic pseudocyst, 1063 indications for, 915t Pancreatin (Viokase), for chronic pancreatitis, 1065–1066 infection in, 918–919 Pancreatitis nursing care plan for, 914b acute, 1061, 1062f, 1063t–1064t nursing management of, 917–919 chronic, 1064t, 1065–1066 peripheral, 916 Pancrelipase (Cotazym), for chronic pancreatitis, 1065–1066 solutions for, 915–916 Pancytopenia, 628 Parepectolin, for diarrhea, 984t in aplastic anemia, 645 Paresthesias, 1387t, 1539t Pandemics, 498–499 in peripheral arterial disease, 851 Panel of reactive antibodies, 212 Parietal fractures, 1404–1405, 1405t Panhypopituitarism, 1229 Parietal lobe, 1375, 1375f, 1376t Panitumumab (Vectibix), for cancer, 269t–270t Parietal peritoneum, 876–877 Pannus, 1609–1610 Parietal pleura, 473 Panophthalmitis, 401 Parkinsonism, 1468 Pantoprazole (Protonix) Parkinson’s disease (PD), 1468–1473, 1470f for cirrhosis, 1053t clinical manifestations of, 1468–1469, 1470f for peptic ulcers, 968 collaborative care for, 1470–1471, 1472t for upper GI bleeding, 960t complications of, 1469–1470 PaO2, 473, 474t–475t diagnosis of, 1470, 1472t Pap test, 1269, 1272t–1275t, 1275, 1332 drug therapy for, 1471, 1472t Papillary muscle dysfunction, 756 etiology of, 1468 Papilledema, 394, 1387t, 1395 nursing care plan for, 1475b–1476b Papillomas, intraductal, 1281 nursing management of, 1473–1474, 1474t Papules, 418t nutritional therapy for, 1473 Paracentesis, 1050 pathophysiology of, 1468, 1469f Paradoxic respiration, 545, 544f, 1705 surgery for, 1473 Paralysis Parkland formula, 457, 457t diaphragmatic, 473 Parlodel (bromocriptine), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472, 1472b in paraplegia, 1387t, 1510, 1513t Parotid glands, 878 in quadriplegia, 1387t Parotitis, 945t in spinal cord injury, 1508–1515 Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, 696, 779 in tetraplegia, 1387t, 1509, 1513 Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 802t, 803, 803f induced, in mechanical ventilation, 1666 Partial seizures,. See also Seizure(s).1456–1457, 1457t neglect syndrome and, 1443 Partial-thickness burns, 447f, 449, 449t Paralytic ileus, 1007 Passive acquired immunity, 194–195, 195t in spinal cord injury, 1513–1514 Passive smoking, 585 postoperative, 848 Passy-Muir valve, 510, 510f Paranasal sinuses, 500f Pastes, 442 cancer of, 510–512. See also Head and neck cancer. Patch graft angioplasty, for peripheral arterial disease, 854 Paraneoplastic syndromes, 538 Patch testing, 205, 422, 423f, 423t, 433 in lung cancer, 538 Patellar dislocation, 1547 Paraphimosis, 1362, 1362 Patellar reflex, 1375, 1375f Paraplegia, 1387t, 1509, 1513 assessment of, 1384, 1385f Parasomnias, 101t, 110. See also Sleep problems. Pathologic fractures, 1551f Parasympathetic nervous system, 1377. See also Nervous system. in osteoporosis, 1539t, 1594–1595 cardiovascular system and, 693–694 Patient and caregiver teaching,. See also Learning.45 in older adults, 1381t adult learning principles and, 46–47, 47t Parathyroid glands, 1176–1177 assessment in, 48–50 85 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

caregiver support and, 48 for sexual assault prevention, 1341t case study of, 55b–56b for sexually transmitted diseases, 1310t challenges in, 48 for sinusitis, 501t communication skills for, 47–48 for smoking cessation, 158t definition of, 47 for spinal cord injury, 1521t, 1522t empowerment approach in, 1211–1213 for stress management, 98–101 evaluation in, 54–57, 55t for stroke, 1436b for acute coronary syndrome, 767, 767t, 769t for supraglottic swallow, 512t for allergen avoidance, 496t for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1626t for allergic rhinitis, 496t for testicular self-examination, 1365, 1365f, 1365t for Alzheimer’s disease, 1488t, 1498t for thrombocytopenia, 657t for amputation, 1574t for urinary tract infections, 1099t for antibiotic-resistant infections, 220t goals in, 45, 51–52 for anticoagulants, 867t health literacy and, 50 for antiretroviral therapy, 234t implementation in, 54 for asthma, 581, 581t–583t learner characteristics and, 49t, 51 for autonomic dysreflexia, 1522t learning materials for, 51–53 for breast self-examination, 1278, 1278f models for, 46–47, 47t for cardiomyopathy, 840t nursing diagnoses for, 51, 51t for cast care, 1562t overview of, 45–46 for chronic kidney disease, 1150t physical factors in, 49–50, 49t for cirrhosis, 1057t planning in, 51–53 for colostomy irrigation, 1021t preoperative, 321–323, 323t for complementary and alternative therapies, 86 process of, 49–57 for constipation, 991t psychologic factors in, 49t, 50 for COPD, 581t, 579t, 575t regulatory mandates for, 48–49, 49t for coronary artery disease, 744t required competencies for, 47–48 for corticosteroids, 1254t role of, 45–46 for diabetes mellitus, 1203, 1210–1213, 1212t self-efficacy and, 47, 50 for disease management, 1212t sociocultural factors in, 49t, 50–51 for exercise, 1204t subject matter knowledge for, 47–48 for foot care, 1222t teaching plans for, 45–46, 52 for glucose self-monitoring, 1205t teaching strategies for, 52–54, 52t–53t for insulin therapy, 1197t teaching-learning process in, 46–49 for dry powder inhalers, 577t technology in, 52–54 for external otitis prevention, 403t time constraints in, 48 for eye surgery, 394t Patient outcomes for food poisoning, 979t Nursing Outcomes Classification for, 9, 13–14 for head injury, 1408t nursing-sensitive, 13 for headaches, 1454t Patient positioning. See Positioning. for heart failure, 790t Patient Self-Determination Act, 66, 144 for heat and cold therapy, 132t Patient transport, to operating room, 326–327 for hip fractures, 1568t Patient-controlled analgesia, 130, 354 for HIV infection, 235t–236t Pazopanib (Votrient), for cancer, 269t–270t for huff coughing, 599t Peak bone mass, 1595 for hypertension, 732t Peak expiratory flow rate, 490–491, 491t for drug therapy, 727–729 in asthma, 581 for ileal conduit, 1131t Peak flow meter, 581, 582t for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 1073t Pear- vs. apple-shaped body, 923–924, 924f, 924t for low back pain, 1588–1589, 1588t Peau d’orange skin, in breast cancer, 1284 for malnutrition, 906t Pectus carinatum, 481 for menstruation, 1264t, 1321 Pectus excavatum, 481 for mitral valve prolapse, 832t Pedicle grafts,. See also Skin grafts.444 for musculoskeletal disorders in older adults, 1545t Pediculosis, 432–433, 433t for neutropenia, 666t Pedigrees, 190, 191f, 193 for ostomies, 1017–1018, 1018t Peek test, 1476f for oxygen therapy, 597t PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure), 1684–1685, 1706t for pacemakers, 816t for ARDS, 1715 for pain management, 133t–135t for respiratory failure, 1710–1711 for peak flow meter, 582, 583t Peer teaching, 51 for peptic ulcer disease, 973–974, 974t PEG tubes. See Enteral nutrition. for peripheral artery bypass surgery, 857t Pegaptanib (Macugen), for macular degeneration, 396 for pressure ulcers, 187t Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) for pursed-lip breathing, 581t for cancer, 271–272, 272t for radiation skin reactions, 266t for neutropenia, 666 for rheumatoid arthritis, 1609t, 1618t Pegylation, 1038 for seizures, 1463 Pelvic examination, internal, 1269 86 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Pelvic exenteration, 1336t, 1339, 1339f etiology of, 965–967 Pelvic floor exercises, 1369b, 1371, 1371t–1372t evaluation in, 973 after transurethral resection of prostate, 1353–1354 gastric, 964t, 963 for cystocele/rectocele, 1340 gastric outlet obstruction in, 964–965, 969, 971 for uterine prolapse, 1339–1340 H. pylori infection and, 963–964 Pelvic fractures, 1566 hemorrhage in, 964, 972 Pelvic imaging, 1272t–1275t, 1276 implementation in, 972–973 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 1275f, 1327–1328, 1327f, 1328f in mechanical ventilation, 1666–1667 chlamydial, 1305, 1307–1309 in older adults, 974 dysmenorrhea and, 1319 in spinal cord injury, 1513–1514, 1561 ectopic pregnancy and, 1321–1322, 1307–1308 nursing care plan for, 970b–971b gonococcal, 1302, 1307–1308 nursing diagnoses for, 970 Pelvic laparoscopy, 1272t–1275t, 1275f nursing management of, 970-974 Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, 1272t–1275t, 1276 pathophysiology of, 962–963, 962f Pelvic pain, chronic perforation in, 963, 963f, 966, 969 in females, 1307–1308 planning in, 967 in males, 1364 silent, 963 Pelvic support problems, 1339 surgery for, 970–971, 971f Pelvis, female, structures and functions of, 1261 bile reflux gastritis and, 971 Penbutolol (Levatol), for hypertension, 724t–727t dumping syndrome and, 970–971 Penetrating keratoplasty, 390–391 postoperative care in, 972 Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen), for arthritis/connective tissue disease, postprandial hypoglycemia and, 970–971 1605t–1606t preoperative care in, 971–972 Penicillin Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and, 973 for infective endocarditis, 822t Peptide YY, 924–925, 924t for syphilis, 1305 Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate), for diarrhea, 984t Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, 220–221, 221t Percocet. See Oxycodone. Penile erection, 1264 Percodan. See Oxycodone. Penile implants, 1368–1369 Percussion, 35–36, 40, 40f Penis dullness on, 483t, 485t–486t, 887 cancer of, 1362 flatness on, 483t circumcision of, 1362 hyperresonance on, 483t, 485t–486t discharge from, 1271t in chest physiotherapy, 598–599, 599f disorders of, 1362 in urologic assessment, 1084–1085, 1085f congenital, 1362 of abdomen, 887 erythema of, 1271t of chest examination of, 1268 in cardiovascular assessment, 698t–670t, 670 glans of, 1258–1259 in respiratory assessment, 483, 483f, 483t, 485t–486t lesions of, 1271t of kidney, 1084–1085, 1084f structures and functions of, 1258f, 1259 of liver, 890t Pentazocine (Talwin), 124t resonance on, 483t abuse of, 154t, 161–162 tympany on, 483t, 887 Pentobarbital (Nembutal), abuse of, 154t, 161 Percutaneous acetic acid injection, for liver cancer, 1059 Pentolair (cyclopentolate), for pupillary dilation, 392t Percutaneous coronary intervention, 753 Pentosan (Elmiron), for interstitial cystitis, 1102–1103 complications of, 753, 758 Pentoxifylline (Trental), for intermittent claudication, 853 delegation for, 768b Penumbra, 1425 emergent, 757–758 Pepcid (famotidine), for upper GI bleeding, 950 Percutaneous diskectomy, 1590 Pepsin, 879 Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes. See Enteral Pepsinogen, 879 nutrition. Peptic ulcer disease, 964–969 Percutaneous ethanol injection, for liver cancer, 1059 acute, 964 Percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy, 1502 acute exacerbations in, 969 Percutaneous septal myocardial ablation, 840 acute intervention in, 972 Percutaneous tracheostomy, 503–504 ambulatory and home care in, 972–973 Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, 891t–894t, 1069 assessment of, 970, 970t Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty, for peripheral arterial burns and, 459t, 461–462 disease, 851b, 854 case study of, 980b Percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty, 833, 833f chronic, 964 Percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy, 1110 clinical manifestations of, 966 Perdiem (psyllium), for constipation, 989t collaborative care for, 967, 967t Performance scales, for cancer, 249 complications of, 966–967 Perforomist (Formoterol), for asthma, 573t–574t, 575 conservative therapy for, 967 Pergolide (Permax), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472, 1472b diagnosis of, 967 Pergonal, for infertility, 1316t drug therapy for, 967, 967t–968t Pericardial effusion drug-induced, 965 in pericarditis, 824 duodenal, 965t, 966–967, 967f pericardiocentesis for, 824, 824f 87 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Pericardial friction rub, 700t–701t, 702 Peripheral stem cell transplantation, 271. See also Hematopoietic stem in pericarditis, 824 cells, transplantation of. Pericardial knock, 826 Peripheral vascular disease. See Peripheral artery disease. Pericardial space, 690 Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), 309, 309f, 310t. See Pericardiectomy, 826 also Central venous access devices. Pericardiocentesis, 825, 825f Peristalsis, 878 Pericarditis Peritoneal dialysis, 1139–1140, 1153–1155. See also Dialysis; Renal acute, 823–825 replacement therapy. after myocardial infarction, 756 advantages and disadvantages of, 1153t chronic constrictive, 826 automated, 1154, 1154f in cancer, 262t–263t catheter placement in, 1153, 1154f in Dressler syndrome, 756, 823 complications of, 1155, 1164t late, 756, 823 continuous ambulatory, 1155 Pericardium, 690, 823f cycles in, 1154 Peri-Colace (docusate), for constipation, 989t effectiveness of, 1155 Perilymphatic fluid, 375 in continuous renal replacement therapy, 1159–1160, 1159t Perimenopause, 1323–1326, 1324t solutions for, 1154 Perimysium, 1533–1534 vs. hemodialysis, 1153t Perindopril (Aceon), for hypertension, 726t–729t Peritoneal lavage, in abdominal trauma, 995 Perineal burns, 459 Peritoneoscopy, 891t–894t, 1272t–1275t Periodic limb movement disorder, 110 Peritoneovenous shunt, 1050 Perioperative nurse, 331, 332t Peritoneum, 876–878 Perioperative Nursing Dataset, 8Periorbital ecchymoses, 1405, Peritonitis, 997, 998, 997t 1405f dialysis-related, 1155 Periorbital fractures, 1570–1571, 1571t in peptic ulcer disease, 966 Periosteum, 1531, 1531f spontaneous bacterial, 1048 Peripheral arteriography/venography, 703t–707t, 711 Peritonsillar abscess, 503Permissive hypercapnia, 1714 Peripheral artery bypass grafting, 854, 854f, 857t Pernicious anemia, 641t, 642, 644, 963 Peripheral artery disease, 843 postgastrectomy, 974t bypass surgery for, 854, 857t Persantine (dipyridamole), for stroke, 1432, 1434 hypertension and, 718t, 719 Personal protective equipment, 220–222, 221t lower extremity, 851–854 Personal space, cultural aspects of, 27 acute intervention in, 855 Personality factors, in coronary artery disease, 743 ambulatory and home care for, 857 Perspiration, 288 assessment in, 854, 855t Pertinent negative, 39 case study of, 870b Pertussis, 220t, 521 clinical manifestations of, 851, 852t Pes cavus, 1594t collaborative care in, 852–854, 852t PES format, for nursing diagnoses, 11–13, 12t critical limb ischemia in, 853 Pes planus, 1539t, 1594t diagnosis of, 851–852, 852t Pessary, 1340 drug therapy for, 853 PETCO2 monitoring, 1657 femoral artery stents for, 851b, 854 Petechiae, 419t, 420, 421t, 626t–627t, 627 foot care in, 857, 857t in thrombocytopenia, 653 health promotion for, 855 Petit mal seizures, 1457 hyperlipidemia and, 852–853 Petrissage, 86 hypertension and, 853 Peyronie’s disease, 1363 implementation in, 855–857 pH, 300, 301f in diabetes mellitus, 843, 853, 1221–1222 blood, 473, 474t intermittent claudication in, 719, 851 regulation of, 1078 interventional radiology catheter–based procedures for, 854 urine, 1091t nursing care plan for, 855b–856b Phacoemulsification, 391–392 nursing diagnoses for, 854 Phagocytes, mononuclear, 196, 197f nursing management of, 854–857 Phagocytosis, 618 planning in, 854–855 Phakic intraocular lens, 383 surgery for, 854, 854f, 857t Phalen’s sign, 1548 vs. venous disease, 852t Phantom limb sensation, 1573 Peripheral nervous system (PNS), 1372. See also Nervous system. Pharyngitis in older adults, 1379–1380, 1381t acute, 502 structures and functions of, 1377–1378, 1377f gonococcal, 1302peritonsillar abscess and, 503 Peripheral neuropathy, 851 streptococcal, 502 in cancer, 262t–263t rheumatic fever and, 827, 829 in chronic kidney disease, 1145 treatment of, 829 in cirrhosis, 1047 Pharynx stocking-glove, 1220–1221 cancer of, 509–512. See also Head and neck cancer. Peripheral parenteral nutrition, 916 disorders of, 502 Peripheral smear, 628 examination of, 480 Peripheral stem cell collection, 209 structures and functions of, 877f, 876–878 88 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Phenazopyridine (Pyridium), for urinary tract infections, 1097 motor system, 1384 Phenergan (promethazine), for nausea and vomiting, 942, 942t negative findings in, 39 Phenolphthalein, for constipation, 989t neurologic, 41t–42t Phentermine (Adipex-P), abuse of, 154t, 160 of abdomen, 41t–42t Phentolamine (Regitine), for hypertension, 724t–727t of anterior thorax, 41t–42t Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine, Mydfrin) of anus, 889 for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t of auditory system, 378–379, 378t, 378b for neurogenic shock, 1686t–1687t of cardiovascular system, 693 for pupillary dilation, 392t of chest, 41t–42t Phenytoin (Dilantin) of endocrine glands, 1181 for dysrhythmias, 809t of extremities, 41t–42t for seizures, 1460 of gastrointestinal system, 886–889 side effects of, 1460 of genitalia, 41t–42t, 1269 Pheochromocytoma, 1180, 1255 female, 1269 Philadelphia chromosome, 670, 672 male, 1269 Phimosis, 1363, 1363f of head and neck, 41t–42t Phlebectomy, ambulatory, 868 of hematologic system, 625–628, 626t, 627t Phlebitis, 859 of integument, 41t–42t, 418 Phlebostatic axis, 1644, 1645f of musculoskeletal system, 1537 Phlebotomy of nervous system, 1382–1383 for hemochromatosis, 651 of nose, 480–481 for polycythemia, 651 of oral cavity, 481 Phlegmasia cerulea dolens, 861 of pharynx, 481 Phoenix Society, 467 of posterior thorax, 41t–42t Phosgene, 1734 of rectum, 889 PhosLo (calcium acetate), for hyperphosphatemia, 1147 of reproductive system, 41t–42t, 1269–1270 Phosphate female, 1269 dietary restriction of, for chronic kidney disease, 1149 male, 1269 in musculoskeletal assessment, 1540t– 1542t of respiratory system, 480–485 measurement of, 1184t–1187t of urinary system, 1804–1085 supplemental, for hyperparathyroidism, 1246 of visual system, 369–373, 370t Phosphate balance, 298–299, 299t organization of, 41t–42t, 42 disturbances of, 298–299, 299t palpation in, 35–36, 40, 40f in chronic kidney disease, 1145, 1147 percussion in, 35–36, 40, 40 in hyperparathyroidism, 1246 positive findings in, 39 in urinary disorders, 1086t–1090t preoperative, 320–321, 322t Phosphate binders, for chronic kidney disease, 1147 vital signs in, 41t–42t Phosphate buffer system, 301 Physical therapy, 79t Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, for pulmonary hypertension, 557 for burns, 459, 464 Phospholipids, 702, 703t–707t. See also Lipids/lipoproteins. Physiologic cup, 373 Phospho-Soda (sodium phosphate), for constipation, 989t Physiologic dead space, 1679–1681 Photocoagulation, laser Physiologic stress ulcers, 958 for bladder cancer, 1118 Pia mater, 1379 for diabetic retinopathy, 1219–1220 PICC lines, 309, 309f, 310t. See also Central venous access devices. for retinal breaks, 395–396 Pickwickian syndrome, 551t for retinal detachment, 395–396 PICOT question format, 7, 7t interstitial, 1350 Pigmentation, abnormalities of, 1182t–1183t Photodynamic therapy Pilocarpine (Akarpine, Isopto Carpine, Pilocar, Pilopine, Piloptic, for esophageal cancer, 955 Pilostat), for glaucoma, 399t–400t for lung cancer, 540 Pilonidal cysts, 890t for macular degeneration, 396 Pimecrolimus (Elidel), 439 Photoevaporation of prostate, 1351 Pindolol (Visken), for hypertension, 724t–727t Photofrin (sodium porfimer), 955 Pineal gland, 1171f Photophobia, 371t Pinkeye, 387–388 Photopsia, 394 Pinna, 374, 374f Photorefractive keratectomy, 383 Pinpoint pupils, 1400f Photosensitivity, drug-related, 425, 425t Pioglitazone (Actos), for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 Phototherapy, 435 Pirbuterol (Maxair), 573t–574t, 575 Physical dependence, 153t Pitavastatin (Livalo), 747t Physical examination, 39 Pitressin. See Vasopressin (Pitressin, Terlipressin). auscultation in, 35–36, 40, 40f Pitting edema, 698.699t–700t delegation for, 43b Pituitary adenomas, 1412t documentation of, 42 Pituitary gland, 1171f, 1174–1176 equipment for, 40–42, 40t anterior, 1175 general survey in, 39, 41t–42t disorders of, 1226 gerontologic, 42, 42t hyperfunction of, 1227 inspection in, 35–36, 40 hypofunction of, 1229 89 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

hypothalamus and, 1174–1175, 1175f Plethysmography, 1540t–1542t in fluid balance, 286, 287f Pleura, 473 posterior, 1175 Pleural drainage systems, . 545–547, 545f, 547t, See also Chest tubes. disorders of, 1229–1230 Pleural effusion, 473, 549–551, 552t reproductive system and, 1262–1263, 1262f chest examination in, 486t structures and functions of, 1175–1176 in heart failure, 779 Pituitary hormones, 1172t, 1175–1176 tubercular, 530 measurement of, 1184t–1187t, 1187 Pleural friction rub, 484, 485t–486t, 552 Pituitary tumors, Cushing syndrome and, 1247–1249 Pleurisy (pleuritis), 552, 552t Pivot joints, 1533f Pleurodesis, 544 Placebos Plicamycin (Mithracin), 297 ethical aspects of, 135in pain management, 135 Ploidy, in breast cancer, 1285 Plague, 220t Pneumatic dilation, for achalasia, 957, 957f in terrorism, 1732–1734, 1733t–1734t Pneumatic retinopexy, 395 Planning, 10, 10f, 12b, 13–14. See also Nursing care plan. Pneumaturia, 1085t nursing interventions and, 14, 14t Pneumococcal pneumonia, 523f Nursing Outcomes Classification in, 9, 13–14 immunization for, 479, 523, 524t outcome identification in, 13 Pneumoconiosis, 535, 535t priority setting in, 13 coal worker’s, 535, 535t Plant sterols, for hyperlipidemia, 746b Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, 553, 553t Plantar fasciitis, 1539t HIV-related, 227, 235–236, 236f, 523 Plantar flexion, 1538t Pneumomediastinum, in mechanical ventilation, 1665 Plantar neuroma, 1594t Pneumonectomy, 547–550, 548t. See also Thoracic surgery. Plantar warts, 431, 431f, 432t, 1594t Pneumonia, 521–525, 552t Plaque acute intervention for, 527–528 amyloid, 1486, 1487f ambulatory and home care for, 528 atherosclerotic, 738, 739f aspiration, 522 Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine) in stroke, 1440 for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1613, 1613t prevention of, 526 for systemic lupus erythematosus, 1605t–1607t, 1624 assessment in, 526t Plaques, cutaneous, 418t case study of, 559b Plasma, 616 causative organisms in, 521, 521t fresh frozen, 681t chest examination in, 486t Plasma cell myeloma, 678–679 clinical manifestations of, 523 Plasma cells, 195 collaborative care for, 525, 523t Plasma exchange. See Plasmapheresis. community-acquired, 521, 521t Plasma expanders, 307–308 complications of, 523–524 Plasma osmolality, 1176, 1176f diagnosis of, 524, 524t Plasma proteins, 616 dialysis-related, 1155 Plasmacytomas, 626t–627t drug therapy for, 525, 525t Plasmapheresis etiology of, 521 for autoimmune disorders, 209–210 evaluation for, 528 for Goodpasture’s syndrome, 1105 fungal, 533, 533t for Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1506 health promotion for, 526 for myasthenia gravis, 1477 hospital-acquired, 522, 522t for thrombocytopenia, 645, 656 implementation in, 526–528 Plasminogen activator, recombinant in Alzheimer’s disease, 1495 for acute coronary syndrome, 752t, 758–759 in burn injury, 455 for angina, 752t in cystic fibrosis, 606–608 Plastic surgery. See Reconstructive surgery. in sickle cell disease, 649–650 Plate method, 1203 in tuberculosis, 530 Platelet(s), 617f, 619 nursing care plan for, 527b–528b decreased, in thrombocytopenia, 653–657 nursing diagnoses for, 526 disorders of, 653. See also Hemostatic disorders. nursing management of, 526, 528 in coagulation, 619production of, 616, 617f nutrition in, 525 Platelet count, 629, 629t–630t opportunistic, 523 Platelet transfusions, 680–681, 681t HIV-related, 227, 235–236, 236f, 523 for disseminated intravascular coagulation, 662–663 pathophysiology of, 523, 523f for thrombocytopenia, 645, 656 planning in, 526 Platelet-derived growth factor, for wound healing, 182 pneumococcal, 523f Plateletpheresis, 209–210 immunization for, 479, 523–524, 524t Platinum drugs, 255t–256t Pneumocystis jiroveci, 227, 235–236, 236f, 523, 533, 533t Plavix. See Clopidogrel (Plavix). risk classification for, 522, 522t Pledgets, 494 risk factors for, 521t Plenaxis (abarelix), for prostate cancer, 1359t types of, 521–523 Plendil. See Felodipine (Plendil). ventilator-associated, 522, 522t, 526, 1665, 1714, 1714t Plethora, in polycythemia, 652 Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) Severity Index, 90 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

522, 522t Positioning Pneumonic plague, 220t for defecation, 990 in terrorism, 1732–1734, 1733t–1734t in ARDS, 1715–1716 Pneumonitis in increased intracranial pressure, 1401–1404 chemical, 523, 535 in respiratory failure, 1708 hypersensitivity, 535 intraoperative, 337 radiation, 262t–263t, 267 postoperative, 345–347, 371, 371f Pneumothorax, 542–544, 542t, 552t prone, 1642, 1705f, 1715–1716, 1716f closed, 542 Positive acute phase proteins, 905 in mechanical ventilation, 1664–1665 Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), 1641–1642, 1663t open, 542, 543f for ARDS, 1715 tension, 543–544, 543t, 543f for respiratory failure, 1708 Pneumovax vaccine, 479, 523, 524t Positive feedback, in hormone secretion, 1173 Podagra, 1620–1621 Positive inotropes, 1643 Podofilox (Condylox), for genital warts, 1309 Positive pressure ventilation, 1660, 1708 Podophyllin resin, for genital warts, 1309 for ARDS, 1715 Poikilothermism, 1514, 1677 for respiratory failure, 1708 Point of maximal impulse, 699t–700t, 700f, 701f invasive. See Mechanical ventilation. Poisoning, 1731–1732, 1731t noninvasive, 1708, 1709f acetaminophen, 1731t Positive reinforcement, 51 acid, 1731t Positron emission tomography (PET) activated charcoal for, 1731 cardiac, 703t–707t alkali, 1731t cerebral, 1388t–1389t antidepressant, 1731t pulmonary, 487t–488t bleach, 1731t Postanesthesia care unit, 345–347. See also Postoperative care. carbon monoxide, 447, 450, 451t, 1731t discharge from, 359.359t cathartics for, 1732 Postauricular ecchymoses, 1404–1405, 1405f cyanide, 1731t Postcoital bleeding, 1268 Escherichia coli O157:H7, 979–980, 979t, 983t Postcoital tests, 1315 ethylene glycol, 1731t Postconcussion syndrome, 1405 food, 979–980, 979t, 983t Posterior cerebral artery, 1378, 1379f gastric lavage for, 1731 Posterior chamber, 365, 365f iron, 1731t Posterior colporrhaphy, 1341 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, 1731t Posterior cord syndrome, 1510 whole-bowel irrigation for, 1732 Posterior fossa fractures, 1405, 1405t Polaramine (dexchlorpheniramine), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Posterior fourchette, 1261f, 1261 Polyclonal antibodies, for transplantation, 214t, 215 Postexposure prophylaxis Polycystic kidney disease, 1114, 1115, 1115f, 1125f for HIV infection, 233 Polycystic ovary syndrome, 1331, 1331f for rabies, 1730 Polycythemia, 651–652, 652f Postherpetic neuralgia, 432b Polydipsia Postmastectomy pain syndrome, 1287 in diabetes insipidus, 1232 Postmenopause, 1323–1325, 1323t in diabetes mellitus, 1191–1192 Postmortem care, 148 Polyendocrine deficiency syndrome, 1251 Postoperative care, 345 Polyethylene glycol, for constipation, 989t ambulation in, 352case study of, 361b Polymyositis, 1630–1631 discharge from, 359, 359t Polyneuropathies, 1505 for cardiovascular problems, 350–351 Polyphagia, in diabetes mellitus, 1191–1192 for fluid and electrolyte imbalances, 352–353 Polypharmacy, 70Polyps for gastrointestinal problems, 355 cervical, 1331 for hyperthermia, 355 colonic, 1010, 1010f, 1010t, 1011t for hypothermia, 354–355 laryngeal, 509 for incisions, 357 nasal, 501 for neurologic/psychologic problems, 353 asthma and, 564 for older adults, 360 Polysomnography, 102 for respiratory problems, 346–349, 347f, 348t Polyuria, 1085t for urinary problems, 356in ambulatory surgery, 359–360, 359t in diabetes insipidus, 1232 in postanesthesia care unit, 345–347 in diabetes mellitus, 1191–1192 admission in, 345–347, 346t PORT Severity Index, 522, 522t discharge from, 359, 359t Portal circulation, 882 fast-tracking in, 345–346 Portal hypertension, in cirrhosis, 1047–1048 initial assessment in, 346–347, 346t Portosystemic shunts phases of, 346t distal splenorenal, 1052, 1052f rapid progression in, 345–346 portocaval, 1052, 1052f pain management in, 353 Ports, implanted infusion, 309, 310, 309f, 310t. See also Central venous positioning in, 350, 350b, 350f access devices. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction, 352–353 Position sense, assessment of, 1384 Postoperative delirium, in older adults, 360 91 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Postprandial hypoglycemia, 973–974 HIV transmission in, 223, 234 Postprandial hypotension, 695 in multiple sclerosis, 1465 Postprandial sleepiness, 101 in spinal cord injury, 1524 Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, 1104, 1104t in systemic lupus erythematosus, 1625 Posttraumatic stress disorder, in burn patients, 467 Pregnancy tests, 1270 Postural drainage, 598 Pregnyl, for infertility, 1316t Posture, assessment of, 1384 Prehypertension, 716, 716t, 741 Posturography, 380t Prelief (calcium glycerophosphate), for interstitial cystitis, 1102 Potassium Preload, 692, 1642–1643, 1643t dietary restriction of, 1148t Premarin (estrogen), for menopausal symptoms, 1340 for chronic kidney disease, 294, 1148 Premature atrial contractions, 803, 802t, 803f dietary sources of, 1148t Premature ventricular contractions, 802t, 807, 807f functions of, 294 Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, 1318 in muscle disorders, 1540t–1542t Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), 1318–1319, 1318t normal values for, 294 Prempro (estrogen/progestin), for menopausal symptoms, 1324 regulation of, 282 Preoperative care, 314 Potassium balance anesthesia classification for, 320, 321t disturbances of, 294–295, 294t assessment in, 315–317 digitalis-related, 782–783 for allergies, 318 hyperkalemic, 294–295, 294t for complementary and alternative therapies, 317 hypokalemic, 294t, 295 for substance abuse, 317medication history in, 317–318 in acute kidney injury, 1138 past health history in, 317 in burn injury, 454, 454f, 461 psychosocial, 315–320, 316t in chronic kidney disease, 1142, 1146 review of systems in, 318–320, 322t in hyperaldosteronism, 1254 case study of, 348b in urinary disorders, 1086t–1090t checklist for, 326 postoperative, 351 cultural aspects of, 327 regulation of, 1078–1079 day-of-surgery, 324–326 Potassium channel blockers, for dysrhythmias, 809t drug therapy and, 325–326, 327t Potassium chloride, for hypokalemia, 296 ethical issues in, 324, 324b Potassium hydroxide test, 423t fasting and, 323, 324t, 325b Potassium-sparing diuretics, 724t–727t for older adults, 319, 327–329 Pouches health history in, 320, 321t colostomy, 1013 interview in, 315laboratory and diagnostic testing in, 320–321, 322t for urinary diversion, 1003–1004, 1016, 1129 legal issues in, 324 Hartmann’s, 1016, 1016f nursing management in, 321 hemi-Kock, 1129 patient teaching in, 321–323, 323t ileostomy, 1021 physical examination in, 320–321, 322t J, 1003f, 1013 safety concerns in, 323t Kock, 1003–1004, 1016, 1129, 1129f transport to operating room and, 327–328 ostomy, 1003–1004, 1016, 1018 Preoperative holding area, 331 Studer, 1129 Prepuce, disorders of, 1362 Poverty. See Socioeconomic status. Presbycusis, 375, 410–412, 410t Power of attorney for health care, 144, 145t Presbyopia, 336, 382 Powerlessness, in dying patient, 147 Preservatives, asthma and, 564 PPD test, 147 Pressure garments, for burns, 465 PPOs (preferred provider organizations), 74 Pressure support ventilation, 1662, 1662t PQRST assessment, for angina, 748t Pressure ulcers, 183–185, 183t–185t Pramipexole (Mirapex), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472, 1472t Pressure ventilation,. See also Mechanical ventilation.1661, 1663 Pramlintide (Symlin), for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 Pressure-control inverse ratio ventilation, 1662, 1662t PrandiMet (metformin-repaglinide), for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 Pressure-volume curve, intracranial, 1393, 1393f Prandin (repaglinide), for diabetes mellitus, 1200–1201 Prestige cervical disk, 1591 Prasugrel (Effient), for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 751t Prevacid. See Lansoprazole (Prevacid). Pravastatin (Pravachol), for hyperlipidemia, 747t Prevention Prazosin (Minipress), for hypertension, 724t–727t primary, 58–59 Precautions, infection, 220–222, 220t secondary, 58–59 Precedex (dexmedetomidine), for increased intracranial pressure, 1403 Priapism, 1363 Precose (acarbose), for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 in sickle cell disease, 648–649 Prediabetes, 1192 Prick tests, 205 Prednisone Prilosec. See Omeprazole (Prilosec). for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002, 1002t Primacor (milrinone), for heart failure, 782t, 783 for nephrotic syndrome, 1105 Primary aldosteronism, 291–292 Preferred provider organizations (PPOs), 74 Primary angle-closure glaucoma,. See also Glaucoma.397, 398 Pregabalin (Lyrica), for seizures, 1460 Primary biliary cirrhosis, 1044–1045 Pregnancy Primary diabetes insipidus, 1231–1232 ectopic, 1321–1322, 1322fgestational diabetes in, 1193 Primary nursing, 4Primary open-angle glaucoma,. See also herpes simplex virus infection in, 1307 Glaucoma.397–398 92 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Primary prevention, 58–59 renal, 1079 Primary sclerosing cholangitis, 1045 exogenous, for induced abortion, 1320t Primary survey, 1721–1723, 1722t–1723t Prostate, 1259f, 1260 Prinivil (lisinopril), for hypertension, 726t–729t biopsy of, 1356 Prinzmetal’s angina, 749, 750t disorders of, 1361 Prion diseases, 217, 1497 examination of, 1269 Privacy Rule, 35 hypertrophy of. See Benign prostatic hyperplasia. ProAir. See Albuterol. in older adults, 1095 Probenecid (Benemid) massage of, 1361 for gout, 621 transurethral resection of, 1350t, 1351 for syphilis, 1301T Prostate cancer, 1355–1360 Probiotics, 86 chemoprevention of, 1356 Problem-focused coping, 93, 93T chemotherapy for, 1360 Procainamide (Pronestyl), for dysrhythmias, 809T clinical manifestations of, 1356 Procaine penicillin, for syphilis, 1305 collaborative care for, 1356–1360, 1357t Procardia. See Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia). complications of, 1356 Procrit (epoetin α), for cancer, 270–271, 270T conservative therapy for, 1357 Proctitis, chlamydial, 1305–1306 cryotherapy for, 1358 Prodise-L artificial disk, 1591 cultural aspects of, 1355b, 1360 Prodysrhythmias, 809 diagnosis of, 1356, 1357t Profasi, for infertility, 1316t drug therapy for, 1358–1360 Progesterone, 1172T etiology of, 1355–1356 endogenous, 1262f, 1263 grading of, 1357 in breast cancer, 1285 hormone refractory, 1358-1360 in menstrual cycle, 1263, 1263f metastatic, 1356, 1356f measurement of, 1271t–1274t nerve-sparing procedures for, 1358 exogenous nursing management of, 1360–1361, 1361t breast cancer and, 1282 pathophysiology of, 1355–1356 in hormone replacement therapy. See Hormone replacement race/ethnicity and, 1355b, 1360 therapy. radical prostatectomy for, 1357–1358 Prograf (tacrolimus), for transplantation, 1213–1214, 1214t screening for, 1356, 1361 Progressive care units, 1638 staging of, 1356–1357, 1357t Proinsulin, 1190 surgery for, 1357–1358, 1358f Projectile vomiting, 941 vaccine for, 1360 Prokine (sargramostim), for neutropenia, 666 watchful waiting for, 1357 Prokinetics Prostate surgery for GERD, 951 for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 1351 for nausea and vomiting, 943 for cancer, 1357–1358 Prolactin, 1172t, 1175, 1263 nursing care plan for, 1353b–1354b measurement of, 127, 127t–1274t Prostatectomy, 1266t Prolactinomas, 1228 laser, 1350t, 1351 Proleukin (aldesleukin), for cancer, 269t–270t radical, 1350t, 1357–1358 Proliferative retinopathy, 394–395 surgical approaches in, 1358f Proliferative vitreoretinopathy, 396 Prostate-specific antigen, 1272t–1275t, 1348 Prolonged grief disorder, 143 Prostatitis, 1361–1362 Promacta (eltrombopag), for immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 655 Prosthesis Promethazine (Phenergan), for nausea and vomiting, 941, 941b breast, 1295 Pronation, 1538t femoral head, 1568, 1568t Pronator drift, 1384 intervertebral disk, 1590 Prone positioning, 1685, 1750b, 1760–1761, 1761f limb, 1573–1574, 1573f Pronestyl (procainamide), for dysrhythmias, 809t penile, 1367–1368 Propafenone (Rhythmol), for dysrhythmias, 809t voice, 516, 516f Propine (dipivefrin), 399t–400t Prosthetic heart valves, 834, 835f, 835t Propofol (Diprivan), in general anesthesia, 340t antibiotic prophylaxis for, 821, 821t, 821b Propoxyphene (Darvon), 125 Prostin E2 (dinoprostone), for induced abortion, 1317t Propranolol (Inderal) Proteases, 224 for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t Proteasome inhibitors, for cancer, 230t, 270 for cirrhosis, 1053t Protein(s) for hypertension, 724t–727t dietary, 900, 900t for variceal bleeding, 1050–1051 restriction of, for chronic kidney disease, 1148 Propylthiouracil, for hyperthyroidism, 1236 sources of, 907t Proscar (finasteride), for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 1349, 1349b in diabetic diet, 1203t, 1204 Prostacyclin analogs, for pulmonary hypertension, 557 loss of, in peritoneal dialysis, 1158 Prostaglandins, 173, 1079 negative acute phase, 905–906 endogenous plasma, 617 in hypersensitivity reactions, 202t positive acute phase, 905 in inflammation, 173–174, 173f, 173t serum, 896t 93 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

synthesis of, 190 Ptosis, 371t urinary, 1091t in stroke, 1443 Protein buffer system, 301 Puberty, female, 1263 Protein hormone receptors, 1173, 1173f Pubic lice, 434–435, 435t Protein-calorie malnutrition, 902 Public health nursing, 80. See also Community-based nursing. Proteinuria, 1086t–1090t Pulmicort Turbuhaler (budesonide), for asthma, 573, 574t–575t Prothrombin, 896t Pulmonary angiography, 487t–488t Prothrombin time, 630t for pulmonary embolism, 554 Proton pump inhibitors Pulmonary artery catheterization,. See also Hemodynamic monitoring.475, for cirrhosis, 1052t 1646–1652, 1647 for GERD, 951–952, 951t, 952b catheter for, 475, 1647f for H. pylori infection, 963t complications in, 1651-1652 for peptic ulcers, 963t, 1968 indications/contraindications for, 1647t for upper GI bleeding, 959, 960t Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, 1643t, 1646–1648 Protonix. See Pantoprazole (Protonix). Pulmonary artery mean pressure, 1643t Protooncogenes, 244 Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring, 1648 Protopic (tacrolimus), 439 catheterization for, 1646–1652 Protozoal infections, 217 complications of, 1651–1652 Proud flesh, 179t insertion technique for, 1650–1651 Provenge vaccine, for prostate cancer, 1359 Pulmonary artery wedge position, 710 Proventil. See Albuterol. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure, 1643t, 1651, 1668 Provera. See Medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera, Provera). Pulmonary circulation, 472 Proximal convoluted tubules, 1078, 1078t, 1011t Pulmonary compliance, 472 Pruritus, 356, 376 Pulmonary edema, 288, 553, 553t in chronic kidney disease, 1145 alveolar, 553 in cirrhosis, 1052 chest examination in, 486t in gallbladder disease, 1070 in environmental lung disease, 534 management of, 442 in heart failure, 778, 778f opioid-related, 125 interstitial, 553 scratching in postoperative, 348t, 349 excoriation and, 126t Pulmonary embolism, 553–555 lichenification and, 435t, 442 clinical manifestations of, 554 Pseudoaneurysm, 845, 845f collaborative care for, 555, 555t Pseudoarthrosis, 1553t complications of, 554 Pseudocyst, pancreatic, 1062 diagnosis of, 554–555, 555t Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) drug therapy for, 555 for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t etiology of, 553–554, 553t side effects of, 498b nursing management of, 556 Pseudofolliculitis, 421–422 pathophysiology of, 553–554, 554 Pseudogout, 1621 postoperative, 348t, 351 Pseudohypertension, 716 prevention of, 555 Pseudomenopause induction, for endometriosis, 1329 risk factors for, 554 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection surgery for, 555 in cystic fibrosis, 586–588 Pulmonary fibrosis, 555 of ear, 402 chest examination in, 484t Pseudopolyps, in ulcerative colitis, 999–1000 idiopathic, 553 Pseudopregnancy induction, for endometriosis, 1329 Pulmonary function tests, 485t–486t, 488–489, 489t Psoralen plus ultraviolet light (PUVA), 438 in asthma, 568–569 Psoriasis, 434, 435f, 435t–436t in restrictive vs. obstructive lung disease, 551t Psoriatic arthritis, 1619 Pulmonary hypertension, 556–558, 556f Psychogenic diabetes insipidus, 1231 cor pulmonale and, 558, 558t, 589–591 Psychogenic seizures, 1458 in COPD, 588–591 Psychologic dependence, 153t primary, 556–558 Psychologic disorders pulmonary embolism and, 554 in burn patients, 467 secondary, 558 in chronic kidney disease, 1139 Pulmonary infarction, 554 in diabetes mellitus, 1222–1223 catheter-related, 1651 postoperative, 352–353 Pulmonary rehabilitation nursing management of, 353 in COPD, 602–603 Psychomotor seizures, 1457 in spinal cord injury, 1521 Psychoneuroimmunology, 91f, 92–94, 93f Pulmonary secretions, mobilization of, 1708 Psychosocial assessment in bronchiectasis, 611 for surgical patient, 334 in COPD, 597–598, 598f preoperative, 315–320, 316t in cystic fibrosis, 607–608 Psyllium, 746b in respiratory failure, 1706–1707 for constipation, 989t Pulmonary surfactant, 472–473, 1711 Pterygium, 367t Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, for pulmonary hypertension, 557– 94 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

558 Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN), 5 Pulmonary vascular resistance, 1641–1643, 1642t QuantiFERON-TB test, 530 Pulmonary vascular resistance index, 1642t Quantitative protein test, 1086t–1091t Pulmonic stenosis,. See also Valvular heart disease.830t, 832 Quantitative ultrasonography, 1540t–1542t Pulmonic valve, 691, 691f in bone density measurement, 1595 Pulse(s) Questran. See Cholestyramine (Questran) abnormal, 699t–700t Quinapril (Accupril), for hypertension, 724t–727t apical, 699t–700t Quinidine (Quinora), for dysrhythmias, 809t assessment of, 698, 699f, 848 Qvar. See Beclomethasone (Qvar, Vancenase) for fractures, 1557 fluid imbalances and, 289 grading of, 698 R palpation of, 698, 698f Rabeprazole (Aciphex) water-hammer, 832 for peptic ulcers, 968 Pulse deficit, 698t–699t, 700 for upper GI bleeding, 960t Pulse oximetry, 475, 475t, 486t–487t, 1651 Rabies, 1421–1427 postoperative, 346, 346t postexposure prophylaxis for, 1730 Pulse pressure, 694 Raccoon eyes, 493, 1404, 1405f Pulseless electrical activity, 809 Race/ethnicity Pulsus alternans, 699t–700t asthma and, 563b, 584 Pulsus paradoxus breast cancer and, 1290b in asthma, 566–567 cancer and, 241, 242b in pericarditis, 824 of breast, 1290 measurement of, 824t coronary artery disease and, 740, 740b Pumps, implantable, for analgesia, 130 culture and, 22–23, 23t Punch biopsy, 440, 440f definition of, 21 Punnett squares, 192, 192f diabetes mellitus and, 1206, 1206b Pupils discrimination and, 22 abnormalities in, 1400f drug response and, 28, 28t assessment of, 372 ethnocentrism and, 23 disorders of, 370t female reproductive cancers and, 1332b examination of, 369t gallbladder disease and, 1033b in neurologic assessment, 1399–1400, 1400f health disparities and, 19–20, 24–25, 30–33, 33t. See also Health induced dilation of, 391–400, 391t disparities. pinpoint, 1400f heart failure and, 775b, 784 Purkinje fibers, 691, 692f hematologic disorders and, 636b Purpura, 419, 626t–627t hypertension and, 714b thrombocytopenic,. See also Thrombocytopenia.653–656, 654f, 655t– in arthritis, 1610b 656t in connective tissue disorders, 1610b immune, 653–656, 656t–657t in multiple sclerosis, 1464–1465 thrombotic, 654, 655t–656t, 656 in osteoporosis, 1596b Pursed-lip breathing, 484t–485t, 581t, 597 in prostate cancer, 1359 Pus, 171, 173t liver disease and, 1033b Pustules, 418t lung cancer and, 536b PUVA (psoralen plus ultraviolet light), 429 obesity and, 923b Pyelolithotomy, 1110–1111 pancreatic disease and, 1033b Pyelonephritis, 1094, 1094f prostate cancer and, 1386b, 1359 acute, 1099–1011, 1010f, 1010t provider attitudes and, 22 chronic, 1011 skin assessment and, 185t, 419t, 421–422 atrophic, 1011 skin disorders and, 421–422, 422f Pyloroplasty, 884t stereotyping and, 23 for peptic ulcers, 973 stroke and, 1424 Pylorus, 878f, 879 thalassemia and, 642 Pyorrhea, 890t tuberculosis and, 528b Pyramidal tracts, 1387 urologic disorders and, 1094b Pyrazinamide, for tuberculosis, 530–532, 530t–531t Radial artery, in coronary artery bypass grafting, 760 Pyridium (phenazopyridine), for urinary tract infections, 1097 Radiation, 258 Pyrosis, 890t, 948–949 cancer due to, 244 definition of, 245 Q effects of, 258 in terrorism, 1732–1734, 1733t Qi, 83, 83t units of, 259, 259t QSEN project, 5 Radiation pneumonitis, 263t–264t, 266 Quaalude (methaqualone), 154t Radiation recall dermatitis, 265 Quad coughing, 1707–1708 Radiation therapy, 258–261. See also specific cancers. Quadrantanopsia, 1383 administration of, 258–261 Quadriplegia, 1387t 95 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

brachytherapy, 1337–1338. See also Brachytherapy. Rapamune (sirolimus), for transplantation, 215, 214t dose in, 259 Rape, 1341t–1343t, 1341t–1343t, 1732 external, 260, 260f Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, 101 for acromegaly, 1228 Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test, 1272t–1275 for brain tumors, 1411 Rapid postanesthesia care unit progression, 345–346 for breast cancer, 1284b, 1287–1288, 1288t, 1289f Rapid response team, 1638–1639 for cervical cancer, 1333 Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, 1105 for colorectal cancer, 1014 Rapid-sequence intubation, 1655–1656, 1721, 1723f for female reproductive cancers, 1336–1337, 1339 Rasagiline (Azilect), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472 for head and neck cancer, 510, 512 Rash, 419t dry mouth and, 265, 513 heat, 1726–1727 for leukemia, 670 in dark-skinned patients, 419t, 421–422 for lung cancer, 538–539 in polymyositis/dermatomyositis, 1630 prophylactic cranial, 539 in rheumatic fever, 827–830 stereotactic, 539 in systemic lupus erythematosus, 1622, 1623f for prostate cancer, 1357, 1358f RAST test, 205 for skin cancer, 425 Raynaud’s phenomenon, 859, 859f internal, 259–260 in systemic sclerosis, 1627–1628 late effects of, 267 Razadyne (galantamine), for Alzheimer’s disease, 1589 nursing management in, 261–262 Reach for Recovery, 1294 principles of, 258 Reactive arthritis, 1619 prophylactic cranial, 539 Realize Band system, 931t, 932–933, 932t in lung cancer, 539 Real-time 3D echocardiography, 709, 709f psychoemotional issues in, 268 Rebetol (ribavirin), for hepatitis C, 1039 safety concerns with, 258, 260 Rebif (interferon-β-1a), for multiple sclerosis, 1466–1467 side effects of, 261–262, 425, 439 Rebound tenderness, 890t simulation in, 259, 260f Rebreathing, for hypocalcemia, 1247 skin injury from, 425 Receptors, hormone, 1170–1171, 1173f stereotactic Reclast. See Zoledronic acid (Reclast, Zometa). for lung cancer, 538–539 Recombinant plasminogen activator tumor sensitivity to, 259, 259t for acute coronary syndrome, 752t, 759–760 Radical neck dissection, 511, 512f, 947–948. See also Laryngectomy. for angina, 752t nursing care plan for, 513b–515b Recommended dietary intakes, 903, 904t nursing management of, 512–515 Reconstructive surgery Radical orchiectomy, 1365 after mastectomy, 1295–1297, 1296f–1297f Radical pancreaticoduodenectomy, 1067–1068, 1067f cosmetic, 442–443. See also Cosmetic procedures. Radical prostatectomy, 1356–1357 microsurgery, 444 Radiculopathy, 1590 skin grafts in, 444–445. See also Skin grafts. Radioactive iodine, for hyperthyroidism, 1237 Rectocele, 1266t, 1340–1341, 1340f Radioactive iodine uptake, 1184t–1187t Rectovaginal fistulas, 1342, 1341f Radiofrequency ablation, 814 Rectum, 880, 881f for atrial fibrillation, 805 cancer of, 1010–1011 for atrial flutter, 804 examination of, 889 for liver cancer, 1059 in older adults, 882–883, 883t Radiographic contrast media. See Contrast media. prolapsed, 1340, 1340f Radiography, chest, 487t–488t Red blood cells. See Erythrocyte(s). Radioisotope studies, in musculoskeletal disorders, 1540t–1542 Red wounds, 177, 178t, 180 Radiologic dispersal devices, 1734 Red yeast rice, 746b Radionuclide cystography, 1086t–1091t 5-α-Reductase inhibitors, for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 1380 Radiosurgery, stereotactic, 1414, 1416t, Reed-Sternberg cell, 674 for brain tumors, 1412 Reemerging infections, 219–220, 220t Raloxifene (Evista) Refeeding syndrome, 918 for breast cancer, 1290 in anorexia nervosa, 918 for osteoporosis, 1596 Referencing, 1642–1643 Ramelteon (Rozerem), 104 Referred pain, 116–117, 117f Ramipril (Altace), for hypertension, 724t–727t Reflex(es) Range of motion Achilles tendon, 1385 active, 1537 assessment of, 1384, 1386t assessment of, 1537 biceps, 1384, 1385f limited, 1539t brachioradialis, 1384 passive, 1537 cough, 476 Ranibizumab (Lucentis), for macular degeneration, 396–397 deep tendon, 1387t Ranitidine (Zantac) definition of, 1375 for cirrhosis, 1053t doll’s eye, 1401 for peptic ulcers, 968 gag, 1384, 1443 for upper GI bleeding, 960t Hering-Breuer, 476 Ranolazine (Ranexa), for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 753 in spinal cord injury, 1521 96 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

muscle stretch, 1385 Renal cancer, 1116, 1116f–1117ft oculocephalic, 1401 Renal circulation, 1078–1079 patellar, 1408, 1375, 1385, 1385f Renal colic, 1079 triceps, 1385 Renal cortex, 1078 Reflex arcs, 1375, 1375f Renal disorders Reflex bronchoconstriction, 476 hereditary, 1114 Reflex incontinence, 1120t–1121t immunologic, 1103 Refludan (lepirudin), for venous thromboembolism, 863, 865 in burn injury, 447, 455 Reflux in diabetes mellitus, 1116, 1219t, 1220 gastroesophageal. See Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). in hypertension, 718t, 719–720 vesicoureteral, 1099–1100 infectious, 1093 Reflux nephropathy, 1101 neoplastic, 1117 Refraction, 366 skin manifestations of, 437t Refractive errors, 366, 382–384 traumatic, 1113 Refractive intraocular lens, 383 vascular, 1114 Refractometry, 374t Renal failure Refractory hypoxemia, 1712 in ARDS, 1714 Refractory periods, 800–801, 800f with hepatic failure, 1058 Regeneration, 175, 175t Renal lithiasis. See Urinary calculi. Regional anesthesia, 130, 338t, 339–340. See also Anesthesia. Renal medulla, 1076 administration of, 340-341 Renal pelvis, 1076 ultrasonic-guided, 343 Renal replacement therapy. See also Dialysis. Registered nurse first assistant (RNFA), 333 continuous, 1140, 1159–1160, 1159, 1159f Regitine (phentolamine), for hypertension, 324t–327t for acute kidney injury, 1138–1139 Reglan (metoclopramide), for nausea and vomiting, 942, 942b hemodialysis in, 1140, 1155–1156 Regurgitation peritoneal dialysis in, 1140, 1153 definition of, 941 Renal scan, 1086t–1090t in valvular heart disease, 830–831, 830f Renal surgery, 1127 Rehabilitation Renal toxicity cardiac, 765t, 766 of chemotherapy, 262t–263t activity and exercise in, 767, 768t–769t of contrast media, 1140 patient teaching in, 767, 766t–768t of drugs, 1140 sexual activity and, 768, 768t Renal transplantation, 1160–1161 for older adults, 67–68, 68b cancer after, 1165 in breast cancer, 1294 cardiovascular disease after, 1164–1165 in burn injuries, 465 complications of, 1164–1165, 1164t in spinal cord injury, 1520–1525 donor sources for, 1161–1162 in stroke, 1436, 1444 graft rejection in, 1160 pulmonary histocompatibility studies for, 1161 in COPD, 602–603 immunosuppressive therapy for, 1164 in spinal cord injury, 1521 infection in, 1164 voice, after total laryngectomy, 516–517 nursing management of, 1163 Reiter’s syndrome, 1619 postoperative care in, 1163–1164 Rejection, graft, 212–213, 213f preoperative care in, 1163 Relationship-based patient care, 4 recipient selection for, 1160–1161 Relative refractory period, 691–692, 799–800, 800f renal disease recurrence after, 1165 Relaxation breathing, 94, 94t transplant placement in, 1161, 1163f Relaxation strategies, 94–96, 94t–97t, 132 with live donor, 1162–1163 breathing, 94, 94t Renal trauma, 1113–1114 imagery, 95 95t–97t Renal tuberculosis, 1103 massage, 84–86, 97 Renal tubules, 1078–1079 meditation, 95, 95t Renal ultrasonography, 1088t music, 96–97 Renal vein thrombosis, 1114 Relenza (zanamivir), 500 Renin, 1078 Religion, 25–26, 26t. See also Spirituality. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade, 776 diet and, 900 Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors Relistor (methylnaltrexone), for constipation, 989 for heart failure, 782t, 783 Relocation stress syndrome, 65, 75 for hypertension, 724t–727t REM sleep, 101 Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, 287f, 287, 1079f Remicade (infliximab) in blood pressure regulation, 715–716, 715f for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002, 1002t in heart failure, 775 for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1612–1613 in hypertension, 715–717 Remodulin (treprostinil), for pulmonary hypertension, 556–557 in shock, 1681–1682 Renal arteriography, 1088t, 1088f Renova (tretinoin), 441t Renal artery stenosis, 1088f, 1114 ReoPro (abciximab), for angina/acute coronary syndrome, Renal biopsy, 1086t–1090t 775fRepaglinide (Prandin), for diabetes mellitus, 1200–1201, Renal calculi. See Urinary calculi. 1200t 97 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Repair, 175 mechanical receptors in, 476 Reperfusion dysrhythmias, 760 paradoxic, 544, 544f Repetitive strain injury (RSI), 1547 physiology of, 473–474 Reproductive cancers regulation of, 474–475 diagnosis of, 1270–1275, 1272t–1276t Respiratory acidosis, 302, 302t–303t, 465 female, 1332 assessment in, 304–306, 305t acute intervention in, 1338 blood gas values in, 304–305, 303t cervical, 1332–1334 clinical manifestations of, 303–304, 303t cultural aspects of, 1332b diagnosis of, 303–304 endometrial, 1333–1334 in mixed acid-based disorders, 303 evaluation in, 1340 Respiratory alkalosis, 302–303, 302t–303t health promotion for, 1337–1338 assessment in, 304–306, 305t implementation of, 1337-1338 blood gas values in, 303–304, 303t nursing diagnoses for, 1337 clinical manifestations of, 303–304, 303t nursing management of, 1337-1338 diagnosis of, 303–304 ovarian, 1334–1335 in mixed acid-base disorders, 303 planning in, 1337 Respiratory depression radiation therapy for, 1337, 1338 opioid-related, 125, 551t surgery for, 1335-1336 postoperative, 345, 346t, 348t, 349 vaginal, 1335–1336 Respiratory disorders. See also Lung disease. vulvar, 1336 diagnosis of, 485–491, 487–489 male, 1364–1365 dialysis-related, 1154 tumor markers in, 1271–1272 in burn injury, 455. See also Inhalation injury. Reproductive disorders in spinal cord injury, 1510, 1516–1517, 1522 diagnosis of, 1270–1275, 1272t–1275t obesity and, 925, 926f female, 1314 postoperative, 345–346, 347f, 348t in cancer, 262t–263t, 266-267 in clinical unit, 349 in chronic kidney disease, 1144–1145 in older adults, 360 in cystic fibrosis, 606–610 nursing management of, 349–350 male, 1346 restrictive, 550 skin manifestations of, 437t skin manifestations of, 437t surgery for, 1266t Respiratory distress, in dying patient, 147 Reproductive system, 1258 Respiratory failure, 1699–1700 assessment of, 1265–1270 airway inflammation in, 1709 common abnormalities in, 1270t–1271t alveolar hypoventilation in, 1702 diagnostic studies in, 1270–1275, 1272t–1275t anxiety and agitation in, 1709–1710 focused, 1270, 1272b assessment in, 1706, 1706t functional health patterns in, 1266 bronchospasm in, 1709 health history in, 1265–1266, 1267t classification of, 1700f medication history in, 1265 clinical manifestations of, 1703–1705 physical examination in, 1269–1271 collaborative care for, 1707t female diagnosis of, 1705–1706, 1707t benign tumors of, 1330–1331 diffuse limitation in, 1702 disorders of, 1336–1338 dyspnea in, 1705 examination of, 1269 etiology of, 1700–1703, 1705t structures and functions of, 1259–1262, 1260f evaluation in, 1710 in older adults, 1265, 1265t–1266t hypercapnic, 1699–1700, 1700t, 1703, 1704t male hypoxemic, 1699–1700, 1700t, 1704t disorders of, 1363–1364 in asthma, 1703 examination of, 1268 in central nervous system disorders, 1703 structures and functions of, 1258–1259, 1259f in chest wall disorders, 1703 neuroendocrine regulation of, 1262, 1262f, 1263t in COPD, 590, 1703, 1705 Repronex, for infertility, 1316t in cystic fibrosis, 1703 Requip (ropinirole), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472 in neuromuscular disorders, 1703 Reserpine (Serpasil), for hypertension, 724t–727t in older adults, 1710–1711 Residential care facilities, 76t. See also Long-term care. mechanical ventilation for, 1708–1709, 1715–1716. See also Residual urine, 1086t–1088t Mechanical ventilation. Residual volume, 190–491, 490t mobilization of secretions for, 1707–1708 in restrictive vs. obstructive lung disease, 551t nursing diagnoses for, 1706 Resilience, 90 nursing management of, 1706–1710 Respimat, 577–578 nutritional therapy for, 1710 Respiration. See also Breathing. orthopnea in, 1704–1705 Biot’s, 481 oxygen therapy for, 1707 chemoreceptors in, 475–476 pain in, 1704–1705 Cheyne-Stokes, 141, 481, 1400f pathophysiology of, 1700–1703 Kussmaul, 303, 481, 484t–485t planning in, 1706–1707 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 1214 positioning in, 1704–1705 98 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

positive pressure ventilation for, 1708–1709 treatment of, 394–395, 395f predisposing factors in, 1701t Retinal detachment, 394–395, 394t, 395f prevention of, 1707 Retinal holes, 394 pulmonary congestion in, 1709 Retinal tears, 394 pulmonary infections in, 1709 Retinitis, cytomegalovirus, 400–401 tissue oxygen needs and, 1703 Retinopathy, 394 treatment of diabetic, 393–394, 394f, 411b, 1219–1220 medical supportive, 1710 hypertensive, 393 nutritional, 1710 Retrograde ejaculation, after transurethral resection of prostate, 1354 pharmacologic, 1710–1711 Retrograde pyelogram, 1086t–1091t respiratory, 1707–1709 Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, 1357 ventilation-perfusion mismatch in, 1700–1702 Retroviruses, 224 Respiratory infections. See also Pneumonia. Revatio. See Sildenafil. asthma and, 563 Reverse transcriptase, 224 fungal, 534, 535t Reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 230t in bronchiectasis, 611, 610f Rewarming methods, 355, 1728 in cystic fibrosis, 607–608 Rh incompatibility, 630 mycobacterial, 530–533. See also Tuberculosis. Rhabdomyolysis, in heatstroke, 1728 atypical, 533–534 Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 394 Respiratory membrane, 472f Rheumatic fever, 827–828, 827f, 828t Respiratory rehabilitation Rheumatic heart disease, 827–828, 827f in COPD, 602–603 infective endocarditis and, 818 in spinal cord injury, 1521–1522 Rheumatic pancarditis, 827 Respiratory syncytial virus infection, asthma and, 564 Rheumatoid arthritis, 1609–1610 Respiratory system, 470. See also under Pulmonary. acute intervention for, 1614–1615 assessment of, 477–478 ambulatory and home care for, 1615–1616 common abnormalities on, 484t–485t assessment in, 1613, 1615t diagnostic studies in, 485–491, 487–488 autoimmunity in, 1609–1610 focused, 485 case study of, 1635b functional health patterns in, 478–479 clinical manifestations of, 1610f, 1611–1612, 1612f health history in, 477, 478t collaborative care in, 1613–1614, 1613t medication history in, 477 complications of, 1612 normal findings on, 485t deformity in, 1610f, 1611–1612, 1612f physical examination in, 480–485 diagnosis of, 1612–1613, 1613t preoperative, 318–319 drug therapy for, 1605t–1607t, 1613–1614 surgical history in, 477–478 energy conservation in, 1609t, 1615–1616 defense mechanisms of, 476 etiology of, 1609–1610 in older adults, 476–477, 477t extraarticular manifestations of, 1612f lower tract, 470–473, 471f–472f Felty syndrome and, 1612 disorders of, 520 genetic factors in, 1610 structures and functions of, 470–473 health promotion for, 1614 upper tract, 470–471, 471f heat and cold therapy for, 1604–1605 Rest pain, in peripheral arterial disease, 851 implementation in, 1614–1615 Restless legs syndrome, 1477–1478 in older adults, 1618–1619 Restlessness, in dying patient, 148t–149t joint protection in, 1609, 1615–1617, 1618t Restraints, for older adults, 70–71 nursing care plan for, 1616b–1617b Restrictive cardiomyopathy, 838f, 837t, 839f, 840 nursing diagnoses for, 1614 Restrictive respiratory disorders, 550 nursing management of, 1614-1618 Resuscitation nutritional therapy for, 1614 cardiopulmonary, 1721–1723 ocular involvement in, 402t fluid. See Fluid therapy. pathophysiology of, 1609–1611, 1610f in end-of-life care, 144–145, 145t patient teaching in, 1609t, 1618t Reteplase (Retavase) planning in, 1614 for acute coronary syndrome, 751, 751f psychologic support in, 1618 for angina, 751f range of motion exercises for, 1618 Reticular activating system, 1376 rest in, 1615–1616 in older adults, 1381t Sjögren’s syndrome and, 1612 Reticular formation, 1376 stages of, 1611t in older adults, 1381t stiffness in, 1611 in stress response, 90–91 vs. osteoarthritis, 1611t Reticulocyte count, 621t Rheumatoid factor, 1640t–1641t, 1610–1611 Reticulocytes, 617f, 618 Rheumatoid nodules, 1612 Retina, 365f, 365 Rheumatrex. See Methotrexate (Folex, Rheumatrex). examination of, 373, 373f Rhinitis in older adults, 367t acute viral, 495–496 Retin-A (tretinoin), 441t allergic, 201, 495, 496t–497t Retinal breaks, 394 asthma and, 500b, 563 99 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

sinusitis and, 501 for bleeding varices, 1050 Rhinocort (budesonide), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t for hemorrhoids, 1027 Rhinoplasty, 494 Rubella Rhinorrhea, 1404–1405, 1405f, 1409 congenital, hearing loss and, 408 Rhinoviruses, asthma and, 563 immunization for, 408 Rhizotomy, 130, 131f Rugae, 878f, 879 glycerol, 1502, 1503t Rule of nines, 450, 450f percutaneous radiofrequency, 1502–1503 Rumpel-Leede test, 630t Rhonchi, 484, 484t–485t Rural older adults, 62 Rhythmol (propafenone), for dysrhythmias, 809t Rhytidectomy, 443, 444f Rib fractures, 544–545 S in flail chest, 545, 545f S1 heart sound, 701, 701f Ribavirin (Rebetol, Copegus), for hepatitis C, 1039 S2 heart sound, 701, 701f RICE therapy, 175 splitting of, 701 Rifabutin (Mycobutin), for tuberculosis, 531–532, 531t S3 heart sound, 699t–700t, 701, 701f Rifampin (Rifadin), for tuberculosis, 531–533, 531t S4 heart sound, 699t–700t, 701, 701f Rifapentine (Priftin), for tuberculosis, 531–532, 531t Saccular aneurysms, 845, 845f Rifaxamin (Xifaxin), for cirrhosis, 1053t Saddle joints, 1533f Rifle classification, of acute kidney disease, 1136, 1137t Safe sex practices, 232–233, 1310–1311 Right atrial pressure, 1643t, 1648-1649 Safety concerns Right common carotid artery, 1379f for Alzheimer’s disease, 1494 Rigidity, in Parkinson’s disease, 1472 for chemotherapy, 256 Ring sign, 1404-1405, 1405f for complementary and alternative therapies, 86 Ringworm, 433t for defibrillation/cardioversion, 811b Rinne test, 380 for older adults, 68–69 Risedronate (Actonel) for seizures, 1463b for osteoporosis, 1596 for transfusions, 681–682, 681b for Paget’s disease, 1596-1597 intraoperative, 336–337 Risk nursing diagnoses, 11–12 national safety goals and, 5, 5t Ritalin (methylphenidate), abuse of, 154t preoperative, 326 Rituximab (Rituxan) QSEN project and, 5 for cancer, 269t-270t with over-the-counter drugs, 577–578 for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 676-677 Sage Burn Diagram, 450 for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1614 St. John’s wort, 85t, 97b side effects of, 677 Salicylates, 122, 123t. See also Aspirin. Rivastigmine (Exelon), for Alzheimer’s disease, 1489 for arthritis, 1605t–1607t RNA, 190Robot-assisted surgery, 743 for connective tissue disorders, 1605t–1607t cardiothoracic, 761 Saline Robson’s staging system, 1117t hypertonic, 307 Rocaltrol (calcitriol), for hypoparathyroidism, 1247 hypotonic, 307 Roferon-A (interferon-α) isotonic, 307 for cancer, 269t-270t Saline instillation, for induced abortion, 1317t Role-relationship pattern, 37t, 38-39 Saline lavage, for variceal bleeding, 1054 Roman Catholics, health beliefs and practices of, 28t Saline nasal spray, 501 Romazicon (flumazenil), for benzodiazepine overdose, 162 Saliva, 878–880, 879t Romberg test, 1384 Salivary glands, 878 Rome III criteria, for irritable bowel syndrome, 994 Salmeterol (Serevent), 573t–574t, 575 ROME mnemonic, 304t for COPD, 594 Romiplostim (Nplate), for immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 655–656 Salmon calcitonin (Calcimar) R-on-T phenomenon, 807 for osteoporosis, 1597 Ropinirole (Requip), for Parkinson’s disease, 1427, 1472b for Paget’s disease, 1597–1598 Rosiglitazone (Avandia), for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 Salmonellosis, 979t, 983–985, 983t Rosuvastatin (Crestor), 747t Salpingectomy, 1266t, 1336f, 1336t Rotary chair testing, 380t nursing management for, 1338 Rotator cuff injury, 1545t, 1549 Salpingitis, chlamydial, 1305 Rotavirus diarrhea, 982–985, 983t Salt, dietary restriction of. See Low-sodium diet. Roth’s spots, 820 Saltatory conduction, 1373 Round ligament, 1260f–1261 Same-day admission, 315 Round window, 375–375, 375f Same-day surgery. See Ambulatory surgery. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 931t, 932f, 933 Sandimmune (cyclosporine), for transplantation, 213–214, 214t Rovsing’s sign, 996 Sandoglobulin (immune globulin), for Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1506 Roxanol. See Morphine. Sandostatin. See Octreotide (Sandostatin). Roxicodone. See Oxycodone. SaO2, 473–474, 474t, 1642 Rozerem (ramelteon), 104 Saphenous vein, in coronary artery bypass grafting, 760 RU-486 (mifepristone), 1317, 1317t Sarcoidosis, 553 Rubber band ligation Sarcoma, 249, 249t, 1584, 1585t. See also Cancer. 100 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Kaposi, 226, 226f, 227t skin disorders of, 1363 Sarcomeres, 1532 Scrub nurse, 332 Sargramostim (Leukine, Prokine) Scrubbing, preoperative, 335–336 for cancer, 271–272, 271t ScvO2, 1646t, 1650–1651 for neutropenia, 666 Sebaceous glands, 414 Sarin, 1734, 1734t Seborrheic keratosis, 436f, 436t–437t SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), 218–219 Sebum, 414 Saw palmetto, 1349–1350, 1349b Secobarbital (Seconal), abuse of, 154t, 162 Saxagliptin (onglyza), for diabetes mellitus, 1200 Second spacing, 286, 454 Scabies, 431–432, 431f, 432t Secondary prevention, 58 Scald burns, 447f. See also Burns. Secondary survey, 1723–1725, 1724t Scale, 419t Second-degree atrioventricular block, 802t, 806, 806f Scalp lacerations, 1404 Secondhand smoke, 585 Scars, 176–177, 176t, 419t Secretin, 880, 880t burn, 465 Secretin stimulation test, for chronic pancreatitis, 1065 corneal, 390–391 Sectral (acebutolol), for hypertension, 724t–727t hypertrophic, 179f, 179t, 419t, 420–421, 422f Sedation in skin disorders, 442 for burns, 459, 459t keloid, 179f, 179t, 420–421, 422f for ICU agitation, 1392, 1403 Scheduled toileting, 1122t, 1124 in mechanical ventilation, 1667, 1709–1710, 1710b Schilling test, 644 opioid-related, 125, 125t Schwann cells, 1373, 1373f Sedative-hypnotics Schwannoma abuse of, 153t–154t, 160–162 acoustic, 1412t overdose of, 162, 162t vestibular, 406 withdrawal from, 162 Sciatica, 120 Sedimentation, 476 straight-leg-raising test for, 1538, 1589–1590 Segmental lung resection, 548t Scintigraphy Segmented neutrophils, 618–619 abdominal, 891t–894t Seizure(s), 1456–1460 hepatobiliary, 891t–894t absence (petit-mal), 1456–1457 Sclera, 365f, 364 atonic, 1456 examination of, 372 automatisms and, 1458 in older adults, 367t biofeedback for, 1461 Scleral buckling, 395, 395t brain tumor–related, 1411, 1413 Sclerodactyly, 1628 case study of, 1480b Scleroderma, 1627–1629, 1628f–1629f, 1629t classification of, 1450f, 1456, 1456t renal involvement in, 1116 clinical manifestations of, 1456–1458 Sclerotherapy clonic, 1456 for bleeding varices, 1050 collaborative care for, 1458t, 1459–1460 for varicose veins, 868 complications of, 1458 Scoliosis, 1538, 1538f, 1539t delegation for, 1464b respiratory complications of, 551t diagnosis of, 1458–1459, 1458t Scopolamine (Isopto Hyoscine), for pupillary dilation, 392t driving restrictions and, 1464 Scotomas, 396 drug therapy for, 1459–1460, 1460t. See also Antiseizure drugs. Scratch tests, 205 emergency management of, 1459t Scratching etiology of, 1456 excoriation and, 419t evaluation for, 1464 lichenification and, 442, 485t generalized, 1456, 1456t Screening idiopathic, 1456 for breast cancer, 1272t–1275t, 1276 in bacterial meningitis, 1417–1418 for cervical cancer, 1269, 1272t–1275t, 1275, 1320, 1332 in epilepsy, 1456. See also Epilepsy. for colorectal cancer, 891t–894t, 892, 986–987, 1010–1013 in older adults, 1460–1461 virtual, 891t–894t, 892 in status epilepticus, 1458, 1460 for diabetes mellitus, 1207, 1207t in stroke, 1434 for hearing loss, 381 in systemic lupus erythematosus, 1622–1623 for HIV infection, 226, 228t, 234 in tetanus, 1507–1508 for hypertension, 713 ketogenic diet for, 1461 for lung cancer, 539 mortality from, 1458 for osteoporosis, 1595 myoclonic, 1457 for prostate cancer, 1356, 1360 nursing care plan for, 1462b–1463b for sexually transmitted diseases, 1311 nursing management of, 1461–1464 for substance abuse, 162–164, 163t partial, 1456–1457, 1456t in older adults, 166 pathophysiology of, 1456 Scrotum, 1258–1259, 1259f patient teaching for, 1463 erythema of, 1271t posttraumatic, 1409 examination of, 1269 psychogenic, 1458 masses in, 1271t psychomotor, 1458 101 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

psychosocial aspects of, 1458, 1464 Serum protein electrophoresis, 631t subclinical, 1458 Seventh-Day Adventists, health beliefs and practices of, 26t Seizure(s) (Continued) Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), 218–219 surgery for, 1460–1461, 1461t Severe sepsis, 1677 temporal lobe, 1457 Sevoflurane (Ultane), 340t tonic, 1456 Sex hormones, 1172t, 1261–1262, 1262f, 1263t tonic-clonic (grand mal), 1455–1456 in older adults, 1178t, 1265 tonic-clonic (grand-mal), 1456 Sexual assault, 1342, 1342–1343, 1341t–1343t, 1732 vagal nerve stimulation for, 1461 Sexual assault nurse examiners, 1732 Seizure focus, 1455 Sexual counseling, for erectile dysfunction, 1368 Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) Sexual function for menopausal symptoms, 1324 after abdominal-perineal resection, 1015 for osteoporosis, 1596 after laryngectomy, 517 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). See also after myocardial infarction, 769, 769t Antidepressants. after transurethral resection of prostate, 1353, 1355 for obesity, 930 antihypertensives and, 728–729 Selegiline (Eldepryl), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472 in Alzheimer’s disease, 1495 Self perception–self concept pattern, 37t, 38 in breast cancer, 1295 Self-efficacy, 46–47, 50 in burn patients, 467 Self-management, in chronic illness, 59 in cancer, 267–268 Self-neglect, by older adults, 64 in chronic kidney disease, 1144–1145 Selye, Hans, 89–91 in COPD, 604 Semen, 1259 in diabetic neuropathy, 1221 Semen analysis, 1272t–1275t in multiple sclerosis, 1466 for infertility, 1369 in older adults, 1266t Semicircular canal, 375, 375f in osteoarthritis, 1608 Semilunar valves, 690, 691f in spinal cord injury, 1523–1524, 1525t Seminal vesicles, 1259 safe sex practices and, 232–233, 1310–1311 Seminiferous tubules, 1258, 1259f stroke and, 1447 Senescent gynecomastia, 1281 with ostomy, 1021–1022 Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, 1051, 1051f Sexual history, 1268, 1269t Senile cataracts, 390, 393. See also Cataracts. Sexual intercourse, painful, menopause and, 1323 Senna (Senokot), for constipation, 989t Sexual response Sensipar (cinacalcet), for hyperparathyroidism, in chronic kidney female, 1265 disease, 1147 male, 1264–1265 Sensitivity testing, antibiotic, 1097 Sexuality-reproductive pattern, 37t, 39 Sensorineural hearing loss, 373, 407. See also Hearing loss. Sexually transmitted diseases, 1300, 1310 Sensory cortex, 1376t acute intervention in, 1311–1313 Sensory neuropathy, diabetic, 1220–1222 ambulatory and home care for, 1312 Sensory overload, in critical care, 1640 assessment in, 1310, 1310t Sensory system, assessment of, 1384, 1386t bacterial, 1301, 1301t Sensory-perceptual problems, in critical care, 1640 case finding for, 1311 Sentinel node dissection, in breast cancer, 1283–1284 compliance and follow-up in, 1311 Sepsis contraception and, 1301 diagnosis of, 1678t severe, 1678 definition of, 1300 transfusion-related, 683t, 684 diagnosis of, 1272t–1275t, 1275 Septa, cardiac, 691, 691f education and research programs for, 1311 Septic arthritis, 1619 evaluation in, 1312 Septic shock, 1677–1678. See also Shock. gender differences in, 1302b clinical manifestations of, 1676t hygiene in, 1312 collaborative care for, 1688–1689, 1689t implementation in, 1309–1311 hemodynamic parameters in, 1674t nursing diagnoses for, 1309 pathophysiology of, 1678f nursing management of, 1309–1312 precipitating factors in, 1673t, 1678t pelvic inflammatory disease and, 1302, 1306, 1327–1328 Septra (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole), for urinary tract infections, planning in, 1310 1096–1097 prevention of, 1310–1311 Septum, deviated, 493 psychologic issues in, 1311–1312 Sequential compression devices, 863 rates of, factors affecting, 1300–1301 Sequestra, 1582, 1582f safe sex practices and, 232–233, 1310–1311 Serevent (salmeterol), 573t–574t, 572 screening for, 1311 for COPD, 594 sexual activity during, 1312–1313 Seroconversion, 224–225 urethritis in, 1101 Serophene (clomiphene), 1316t, 1331 viral, 1301t, 1306 Serotonin, endogenous, 1374t Shamans, 25 Serpasil (reserpine), for hypertension, 724t–727t Shearing forces, 183 Serum, 616 Sheehan syndrome, 1229 102 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Shenjing shuairuo, 29t personal hygiene in, 1693 Shift to the left, 171 planning in, 1690 Shift work, sleep disturbances and, 110–111 precipitating factors in, 1673t Shigellosis, 983t renal status in, 1676t, 1681t–1682t, 1693 Shin splints, 1545t respiratory status in, 1676t, 1681t–1682t, 1692–1693 Shingles, 431, 431f, 432t septic, 1677–1678 postherpetic neuralgia and, 432b clinical manifestations of, 1676t Shock, 1672–1690 collaborative care for, 1688–1689, 1689t acute intervention in, 1692–1693 hemodynamic parameters in, 1674t anaphylactic, 1676 pathophysiology of, 1677f clinical manifestations of, 1676t precipitating factors in, 1673t, 1678t collaborative care for, 1689t, 1690 skin changes in, 1676t, 1681t–1682t, 1693 hemodynamic parameters in, 1674t spinal, 1510, 1675 precipitating factors in, 1673t stages of, 1679–1684 assessment in, 1690 compensatory, 1679–1682, 1680f body temperature in, 1693 irreversible, 1683, 1684f burn, 453–454, 453f–454f progressive, 1682–1683, 1683f cardiogenic, 756, 1672 systemic inflammatory response syndrome and, 1673f, 1694–1696 clinical manifestations of, 1676t temperature changes in, 1675, 1681t–1682t, 1693 collaborative care for, 1688, 1689t ventilation in, 1676t, 1684 hemodynamic parameters in, 1674t Short arm casts, 1554, 1555f pathophysiology of, 1674f Short bowel syndrome, 1003–1004, 1026 precipitating factors in, 1673t Short leg casts, 1555, 1555f cardiovascular status in, 1676t, 1681t–1682t, 1692 Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test–Geriatric Version (SMAST- case study of, 1679b G), 167 classification of, 1672–1679, 1673t Short-leg gait, 1539t clinical manifestations of, 1676t Shotty nodes, 481 collaborative care for, 1684–1688 Shoulder, rotator cuff injury of, 1549 diagnosis of, 1681t–1682t, 1684 Shoulder arthroplasty, 1577 disseminated intravascular coagulation in, 1681t–1682t Shower, cart, 458f distributive, 1673t–1674t, 1676t, 1675–1677 Shunts drug therapy for, 1686–1688, 1686t–1687t anatomic/intrapulmonary, in respiratory failure, 1703–1705 emergency management of, 1685t surgical emotional support in, 1693 distal splenorenal, 1052, 1052f evaluation in, 1694fluid resuscitation in, 1684–1686, 1685t peritoneovenous, 1050 gastrointestinal status in, 1676t, 1681t–1682t, 1693 portocaval, 1052, 1052f health promotion for, 1690–1692 transjugular, 1052, 1052f hemodynamic monitoring in, 1699–1701, 1701t, 1709–1710 ventricular, 1411–1412 hemodynamic parameters in, 1674t, 1681t–1682t Sibutramine (Meridia), 930, 930b hepatic status in, 1681t–1682t Sickle cell anemia, 647–648 hypovolemic, 1674–1675 Sickle cell crisis, 648 clinical manifestations of, 1676tcollaborative care for, 1688, 1689t Sickle cell disease, 641t, 647–649, 647b, 649f hemodynamic parameters in, 1674t clinical manifestations of, 648, 649f in burn injury, 453–454, 453f–454f complications of, 638t, 648 pathophysiology of, 1677f diagnosis of, 641t, 648–649 precipitating factors in, 1673t etiology of, 647–648 implementation in, 1690–1694 genetic factors in, 647b multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and, 1673f, 1694–1696, 1695t– nursing and collaborative management of, 649 1696t pathophysiology of, 647–648 neurogenic, 1675 sickling episodes in, 648, 648f clinical manifestations of, 1676t types of, 647–648 collaborative care for, 1689–1690, 1689t Sickle cell trait, 647–648 hemodynamic parameters in, 1674t Sickle cell–thalassemia, 648–649 pathophysiology of, 1677f Sickle Hb C, 647–648 precipitating factors in, 1673t Sigh, 472 neurologic status in, 1676t, 1681t–1682t, 1692 Sighted-guide technique, 385 nursing care plan for, 1691b–1692b Sigmoid colostomy, 1016, 1016f nursing diagnoses for, 1690 Sigmoidoscopy, 891t–894t, 1012–1013 nursing management of, 1690–1694 Sign language, 410 nutritional therapy for, 1688–1689 Signal-averaged electrocardiogram, 801 obstructive, 1673t–1674t, 1676t, 1679, 1690 Sildenafil clinical manifestations of, 1676t for erectile dysfunction, 1367 collaborative care for, 1689 t, 1690 for pulmonary hypertension, 556 hemodynamic parameters in, 1674t nitrates and, 784 pathophysiology of, 1679f Silent ischemia, 749 precipitating factors in, 1673t Silicosis, 535, 535t oxygenation in, 1684 Silo filler’s disease, 535, 535t 103 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Silver sulfadiazine, for burns, 459–460, 458f, 460b Skin appendages, 414. See also Hair; Nails. Silymarin, 1038b Skin cancer, 245, 416, 418 Simponi (golimimab), for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1614 basal cell, 418, 419t, 420f Sims-Huhner test, 1272t–1273t melanoma, 418–523, 419t Simulect (basiliximab), for transplantation, 214t, 215 nonmelanoma, 426 Simvastatin (Zocor), 747t, 746b of ear, 403 Sinemet (levodopa/carbidopa), for Parkinson’s disease, 1471, 1471b radiation therapy for, 438 Single-Item Literacy Screener, 50 risk factors for, 418 Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), 703t–707t squamous cell, 420f, 418, 419t Singulair (montelukast) Skin care, 425 for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t after dermatologic surgery, 442–443 for asthma, 571–572, 573t–574t after stroke, 1441 Singultus, postoperative, 355 for chest tubes, 547t Sinoatrial node, 691, 691f–692f, 795 for dying patient, 150t–151t as pacemaker, 799 for fecal incontinence, 988 in older adults, 695 for feeding tubes, 912 Sinus bradycardia, 801, 801f, 802t in Alzheimer’s disease, 1495 Sinus tachycardia, 802, 801f, 802t in cirrhosis, 1053–1054 Sinuses, paranasal, 500f in endotracheal intubation, 1659 cancer of, 510–512. See also Head and neck cancer. in parenteral nutrition, 916 obstruction of, 501–502 in spinal cord injury, 1519, 1523, 1524t Sinusitis, 496t–497t, 500–501 postoperative, 357 asthma and, 563 Skin culture, 423t Sirolimus (Rapamune), for transplantation, 215, 214t Skin decontamination, 1732 Sitagliptin (Januvia), for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 Skin disorders, 421t, 424 Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (SBAR) allergic, 433, 434t technique, 5, 6t ambulatory and home care for, 440–442 Sitz bath, 1027 case study of, 444b Six Ps, of acute arterial ischemia, 858 collaborative care for, 434–440 6-minute walk test, 491, 703t–707t common benign, 433–434, 435t–436t Sjögren’s syndrome, 1631 contagious, 431 rheumatoid arthritis and, 1611 delegation for, 432b Skeletal traction, 1553–1554 diagnosis of, 434, 439–440 Skelid (tiludronate) in cancer, 262t–263t, 265–267, 266f, 266t for osteoporosis, 1596 in dark-skinned patients, 421–422, 422f, 426f for Paget’s disease, 1597–1598 in diabetes mellitus, 1219, 1222 Skene’s glands, 1261 in obesity, 425 Skilled nursing facilities, 77t. See also Long-term care. in systemic disease, 432, 424t Skin infectious, 429t, 430–431. See also Skin infections. age-related changes in, 415–416, 416f, 416t infestations and insect bites, 433–434, 434f, 434t assessment of , 416–422. See Integumentary system, assessment of. nursing management of, 440 in dark-skinned patients, 419t, 421 odors in, 420 in hematologic assessment, 627–628 postoperative, 357 preoperative, 319 pruritus in, 442 biopsy of, 422, 422t psychologic effects of, 443 dark radiation-related, 425 assessment of, 419t, 421, 422 scarring in, 443 disorders of, 421–422, 422f scrotal, 1363 examination of, 41t–42t secondary infections in, 442 exercise and, 425 treatment of functions of, 415 baths in, 442 glands of, 414f, 415 drug therapy in, 425, 438–440, 438t health promotion for, 424–425 laser therapy for, 438, 438t hygiene practices and, 425 phototherapy in, 438 in fluid imbalances, 289–290, 290f radiation therapy in, 438 neurogenic, 1523 self-treatment in, 425 nutrition and, 425 surgical, 440–443 preoperative assessment of, 319 wet dressings in, 441–442 preoperative preparation of, 337 wound care in, 442–443 sleep and rest and, 425 Skin flaps, 445 structure of, 413–415, 414f in amputation, 1572 sun damage in, 415–416, 416f, 424–425, 425f Skin grafts, 445–446, 462–464 fluorouracil for, 439 artificial skin for, 463–464 prevention of, 415–416, 416f, 424–425 autografts, 445, 462 tumors of cultured epithelial, 463, 463f benign, 416 blebs and, 462 malignant. See Skin cancer. donor site care for, 456f, 463f 104 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

facial, 462 insomnia, 102–105 flaps, 445–446, 1572 narcolepsy, 106–107 for burns, 458, 458t, 462–464, 463f obstructive sleep apnea, 107–108 for venous leg ulcers, 869 parasomnias, 101t, 110 free, 445–446 periodic limb movement disorder, 110 isografts, 445 restless legs syndrome, 1477–1478 pedicle, 445sources of, 458t shift work and, 111–112 Skin infections, 429t, 430–433 untreated, 101 bacterial, 430t, 431, 431f Sleep terrors, 111 fungal, 433, 433f, 433t Sleep-disordered breathing, 107–108 viral, 431, 431f, 432t Sleepiness Skin lesions. See also Rash. excessive daytime, 106–107 descriptive terms for, 420, 420t postprandial, 106–107 distribution of, 420t Sleep-rest pattern, 37t, 38 in dark-skinned patients, 419t, 421–422 Sleep-wake cycle, 101 in systemic disease, 434, 436t Sleepwalking, 111 types of, 418t–419t Sling procedures, for urinary incontinence, 1122 Skin preparation Slings, 1554 for electrocardiography, 799 Slow-twitch fibers, 1532 for surgery, 336 Sludging, 455 Skin scraping, 440 Small bowel series, 891, 891t–894t Skin tags, 436t–437t Small cell lung cancer, 537, 537t, 539. See also Lung cancer. Skin tenting, 290–291, 291f Small intestine Skin tests, 489 absorption in, 879 for allergens, 205, 422, 423f, 423t in older adults, 882–883, 883t for tuberculosis, 204, 486, 489t, 530 obstruction of, 1005–1009, 1008t Skin traction, 1533–1534 secretions of, 879t Skin turgor, 290–291, 290f, 419 structures and functions of, 877f, 879 Skip lesions, 999, 999t transplantation of, 1026 Skull, structure of, 1379 Smallpox, in terrorism, 1732–1734, 1733t–1734t Skull fractures, 1404–1405, 1405f, 1405t. See also Head injury. Smoke inhalation, 446–448, 455–457, 455t. See also Inhalation injury. Sleep, 101 management of, 453, 452t, 455–457, 456t circadian rhythms and, 101–102 Smokeless tobacco, 154 definition of, 100 head and neck cancer and, 513 fragmented, 100, 104, 110 Smoker’s patch. See Leukoplakia. in older adults, 110–111 Smoking, 152–155, 154t insufficient, 100, 102 asthma and, 563 nonrestorative, 102 cessation strategies for, 155–157, 155b, 156t–157, 157f, 540, 592 NREM, 100 preoperative, 319, 549 physiology of, 99–100 complications of, 153t–154t, 153–154 postprandial, 99 COPD and, 584–585, 585t REM, 100 coronary artery disease and, 742 Sleep apnea, obstructive, 108, 108f, 109b effects on respiratory system, 585t Sleep architecture, 100 hypertension and, 723 Sleep assessment, 103–104, 106t in older adults, 166 Sleep behavior, 99 lung cancer and, 536–537 Sleep efficiency, 99 pack years in, 479 Sleep hygiene, 102, 104t, 104 pancreatitic cancer and, 1063 inadequate, 100–101 passive, 585 Sleep paralysis, 106 perioperative management of, 319 Sleep patterns, in older adults, 70 peripheral arterial disease and, 852, 857 Sleep problems, 98, 101t, 101 prevention of, 155 case study of, 111b stroke and, 1426 circadian rhythm disorders, 106–107, 111–112 thromboangiitis obliterans and, 858 complementary and alternative therapies for, 1325b, 86t, 104, 105b venous thromboembolism and, 860 dyssomnias, 101t Snellen chart, 372 impact of, 98–100 SNOMED CT, 9 in chronic illness, 102, 103t Snuff, head and neck cancer and, 513 in COPD, 605–606 Soap, 426 in critical care, 1640 Social isolation, in chronic illness, 58 in hospitalization, 106 Social support, for older adults, 63–64 in menopause, 1325b, 1325 Social workers, 79t in nurses, 111–112 Socioeconomic status in older adults, 110 malnutrition and, 902 in Parkinson’s disease, 1471 obesity and, 925 in skin disorders, 425 patient teaching and, 49–50 incidence of, 98 Sodium 105 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

dietary restriction of. See Low-sodium diet. in tetanus, 1508 functions of, 291 Spatial-perceptual deficits, after stroke, 1430, 1446 Sodium balance Specific gravity, urine, 1091t disturbances of, 291–292, 292f, 393t SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography), 703t–707t hypernatremic, 291–293, 292f, 393t Spectral karyotyping, 632t, 633 hyponatremic, 293, 293t Speech. See also Communication. in acute kidney injury, 1138 esophageal, 517 in burn injury, 454, 454f, 461 with tracheostomy, 503t, 507–509, 509f–510f in chronic kidney disease, 1142–1143 Speech problems, 1387 in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, 1230 after stroke, 1430, 1443, 1443t, 1447 in urinary disorders, 1086t–1090t after total laryngectomy, 516–517 ventilator-associated, 1665 Speech reading, 409 regulation of, 291, 1078–1079 Speech therapists, 79t Sodium bicarbonate. See also Bicarbonate. Spermatic cord, 1259 for hyperkalemia, 1139t examination of, 1269 Sodium channel blockers, for dysrhythmias, 809t Spermatocele, 1363f, 1364 Sodium nitroprusside (Nipride) Spermatogenesis, 1258 for cardiogenic shock, 1686t–1687t regulation of, 1262, 1263 for heart failure, 781–782, 782t Spermatozoa, 1258 for hypertension, 724t–727t Sphincter electromyography, 1086t–1089t Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) Sphincters, esophageal, 878–879 for chronic kidney disease, 1146 SPICES assessment tool, 67, 66f for hyperkalemia, 295, 1139t Spider angiomas, in cirrhosis, 1046 Sodium porfimer (Photofrin), 955 Spider nevus, 626t–627t, 627 Sodium-potassium pump, 284, 284f Spinal analgesia, 128–129, 129f Soft corns, 1594t postoperative, 354 Soft tissue expanders, 444 Spinal anesthesia, 342, 342f Soft tissue injuries, 1545 Spinal cord. See also Nervous system. Soft tissue rheumatic syndromes, 1631 disorders of, 1509 Solar (actinic) keratosis, 416, 427, 428t clinical manifestations of, 1387t Solu-Cortef. See Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef). structures and functions of, 1374–1377, 1375f–1376f Solu-Medrol (methylprednisolone), for asthma, 572, 573t–574t Spinal cord compression, in cancer, 275 Solutions Spinal cord injury, 1508–1521 additives to, 307 acute intervention in, 1516–1521 colloid, 307 anterior cord syndrome in, 1509, 1512f dialysis, 1153 assessment in, 1516, 1516t hypertonic, 285, 285f, 306–308, 306t autonomic dysreflexia in, 1521, 1522t hypotonic, 285, 285f, 306–308, 306t Brown-Séquard syndrome in, 1509, 1512f isotonic, 285, 285f, 306–308, 306t case study of, 1528b parenteral, 915–916 cauda equina syndrome in, 1510 Soman, 1734t central cord syndrome in, 1509, 1512f Somatic pain, 117 classification of, 1509–1512 Somatomedin C, 1184t–1187 clinical manifestations of Somatosensory evoked potentials, 1540t–1542t cardiovascular, 1512–1513, 1519 Somatostatin, for upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 960 gastrointestinal, 1513–1514 Somatotropin. See Growth hormone. integumentary, 1514 Somatropin (Omnitrope, Genotropin, Hymatrope), for hypopituitarism, respiratory, 1512, 1518–1519 1229 urinary, 1513 SOMI brace, 1519, 1519f collaborative care for, 1514–1516, 1515t Somnote (chloral hydrate), 154t, 161 complete vs. incomplete, 1512, 1509–1510 Somogyi effect, 1199 conus medullaris syndrome in, 1510 Sonata (zaleplon), 104 degree of, 1509–1510 Sorafenib (Nexavar), for cancer, 269t–270t depression in, 1525–1526, 1526t of liver, 1060 diagnosis of, 1514, 1515t Sorbitrate (isosorbide dinitrate), for angina/acute coronary syndrome, drug therapy for, 1515–1516 752t emergency management of, 1514–1516, 1514t Sotalol (Betapace), for dysrhythmias, 809t etiology of, 1508 Sound transmission, 375 functional level of, 1509, 1512f, 1513t Soy, 1325b grief in, 1525–1526, 1526t for hyperlipidemia, 746b health promotion for, 1516 Spacers, 572, 572f, 575 home care in, 1521–1526 Spastic gait, 1539t implementation in, 1516–1526 Spasticity, 1539t in older adults, 1526–1527 after stroke, 1442, 1445 mechanism of, 1509, 1511f in multiple sclerosis, 1465–1466 metabolic needs in, 1514 in musculoskeletal trauma, 1562t neurogenic bladder in, 1522–1523, 1523t in spinal cord injury, 1521 neurogenic bowel in, 1514, 1523, 1523t–1524t 106 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

neurogenic shock in, 1509 Splenectomy, for immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 656 nonoperative stabilization in, 1515–1518 Splenomegaly, 626t–627t, 627, 679–680, 680t, 790t nursing care plan for, 1517 Splint(s) nursing management of, 1516–1526 for rheumatoid arthritis, 1615 paraplegia in, 1509, 1513t lower extremity, 1554 pathophysiology of, 1508–1512, 1510f nasal, 493 patient teaching for, 1522t, 1524t sugar-tong, 1554 planning in, 1516 Splinter hemorrhages, 699t–700t, 820 posterior cord syndrome in, 1510 Splinting, of incisions, 350, 350f, 484t–485t primary injury in, 1508–1509 SpO2, 475, 475t pulmonary complications of, 551t in exercise testing, 491 reflexes in, 1521 Spondyloarthropathies, 1618–1619 rehabilitation in, 1521–1526 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 1048 safety concerns in, 1516b Sports injuries, 1545t secondary injury in, 1508–1509, 1510f Spots, visual, 371t sensory deprivation in, 1521 Spotting, 1320, 1323 sexual dysfunction in, 1523–1524, 1525t Sprains, 1545 skin care in, 1519, 1524, 1524t Sprue, celiac, 1026, 1026t spinal shock in, 1509 Sprycel (dasatinib), for cancer, 269t–270t stress ulcers in, 1512–1513, 1520 Sputum, blood in, 479 surgery for, 1515 Sputum studies, 478–479, 485–489, 487t–488t tetraplegia in, 1519, 1513 in asthma, 568 thermoregulation in, 1513, 1520 in tuberculosis, 530 thrombosis in, 1514, 1520 Squamocolumnar junction, 1260 traction in, 1515–1519 Squamous cell carcinoma, 427, 428t, 429f urinary catheterization in, 1512, 1520–1523 of head and neck,. See also Head and neck cancer.510–513 Spinal cord stimulation, for pain, 131 of skin, 426, 427t, 430f Spinal cord tumors, 1527, 1527f, 1527t Square wave test, 1644, 1645f Spinal fusion, 1591 St. John’s wort, 85t, 97b nursing management of, 1591–1592 Stadol (butorphanol), 124t Spinal nerves, 1377, 1377f Staged coughing, 1708 in older adults, 1381t Staghorn calculi, 1108f Spinal shock, 1677. See also Shock. Staging, of cancer, 248–249, 249t Spinal stenosis, 1589 TNM system for, 249–250, 250t, 539 Spinal surgery Stalevo (carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone), for Parkinson’s disease, 1473 for intervertebral disk disease, 1590 Standard precautions, 222–223 nursing management of, 1591 Standardized nursing terminologies, 8–9, 9t Spine electronic health records and, 9 osteoarthritis of, 1589 NANDA-I, 11, 14 osteoporosis of, 1539t, 1594–1595 NANDA-NOC-NIC linkages and, 14, 15f, 15t structure of, 129f, 1377f, 1379, 1380f Nursing Interventions Classification, 9, 14, 15f, 15t Spinocerebellar tracts, 1374–1375 Nursing Outcomes Classification, 9, 13–14, 15f, 15t Spinothalamic tracts, 1374–1375 Standardized teaching plans, 51 Spiral CT scan, for pulmonary embolism, 554 Stapedotomy, for otosclerosis, 405 Spiral fractures, 1551, 1551f Stapes, 374–375, 375f Spiritual assessment, 143t Staphylococcal food poisoning, 979t, 984t Spiritual distress, 143 Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant, 220–221, 221t Spirituality, 25, 26t Starch blockers, for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 end-of-life care and, 143, 143t Starlix (nateglinide), for diabetes mellitus, 1200–1201 pain and, 115 Starvation, pathophysiology of, 904 Spiriva (tiotropium) Statins,. See also Lipid-lowering drugs.746, 747t for asthma, 573t–574t, 572 for dilated cardiomyopathy, 838 for COPD, 594 for peripheral arterial disease, 852–853 Spirometry, 491 for stroke, 1432, 1434 Spironolactone (Aldactone) Stature, assessment of, 1384 for cirrhosis, 1053t Status epilepticus, 1458, 1460 for heart failure, 784, 784b Steal syndrome, 1156 for hypertension, 724t–727t Steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic, 1044–1045 Spleen Steatorrhea, 890t, 1025 disorders of, 679–680, 680t, 890t in chronic pancreatitis, 1065 enlarged, 626t–627t, 627, 679–680, 680t, 790t Steatosis, 1044–1045 functions of, 195, 195f, 621 Stem cells, 193–194, 242 imaging of, 632t adult, 193–194 in hematologic assessment, 627 collection of, 209 in immune system, 195, 195f embryonic, 193 in sickle cell disease, 648–649 hematopoietic, 616–617 palpation of, 627, 888 in cancer, 243 107 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

injection of, for urinary incontinence, 1122 Stool analysis, 890t–893t transplantation of. See Hematopoietic stem cells, transplantation of. in diarrhea, 983 Stenosis, in valvular heart disease, 830–831, 831f Stool culture, 890t–893t Stents Stool softeners airway, for lung cancer, 539 for acute coronary syndrome, 761 brain, 1432–1433, 1433f for constipation, 989, 989t carotid artery, 1432–1433, 1433f Stool transplantation, 984–985 coronary artery, 753, 753f Strabismus, 371t, 390, 390f complications of, 752, 758 Straight catheterization, 1127–1128 emergent placement of, 751–752 Straight-leg-raising test, 1538, 1588–1589 femoral artery, for peripheral arterial disease, 851b, 854 Strains, 1544–1556 ureteral, 1112 Strength, assessment of, 1384, 1537–1538, 1538t urethral, 1112 Streptococcal infections, glomerulonephritis and, 1104 intraprostatic, 1350t, 1351 Streptococcal pharyngitis, 502 Step-down units, 1638 rheumatic fever and, 827, 829 Steppage gait, 1539t treatment of, 829 Stereognosis, 1385 Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin-resistant, 220–221, 221t Stereoptic vision, assessment of, 373 Stress, 89 Stereotactic core biopsy. See also Biopsy. assessment of, 96–97 of breast, 1278 caregiver, 48, 77–79, 78t Stereotactic radiation therapy, for lung cancer, 539–540 case study of, 98b Stereotactic radiosurgery, 1414–1415, 1414t, 1415f causes of, 90, 90t for brain tumors, 1412 coping with. See Stress management. Stereotyping, 23 coronary artery disease and, 743 Sterile field, maintenance of, 336, 336t definition of, 89–90 Sterilization, surgical fluid and electrolyte balance and, 287, 287f ethical issues in, 1366b health effects of, 93–94, 93t female, 1266t hypertension and, 717 male, 1266t, 1365–1366, 1366f, 1366b immune system and, 91f, 92–94 Sternal-occipital-mandibular immobilizer (SOMI) brace, 1516, 1516f nursing diagnoses for, 98, 98t Steroid hormones,. See also Corticosteroids.1177 nursing management of, 97–80 receptors for, 1171–1172 preoperative, 315–316 Steroids. See Corticosteroids. relocation, 65, 74 Stiff neck, in bacterial meningitis, 1416 Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and, 837 Stiffness, in osteoarthritis, 1602–1603 Stress echocardiogram, 705t–708t, 710 Stimulants Stress fractures, 1596f abuse of, 153t–154t, 160, 160t Stress incontinence, 1085t, 1118–1111, 1120t for narcolepsy, 106–107, 107t Stress management, 94, 94t Stings, 433–434, 434t, 1730–1731 complementary and alternative therapies in, 97b, 97b–98b Stocking-glove neuropathy, 1220–1221 for nurses, 98–99, 99t Stockings, antiembolism, 862 implementation of, 98–100, 99t Stoma(s), . See also Ostomy.1015 patient teaching for, 98–100 assessment of, 1017, 1017t relaxation techniques for, 95–97, 95t–97t common concerns about, 1012 Stress response, 90 double-barreled, 1016, 1016f fight-or-flight, 92, 92f end, 1003, 1016 general adaptation syndrome and, 90–91 food effects on output and, 1020t physiologic, 91–93, 91f–92f loop, 1003, 1016 psychologic, 90, 90t types of, 1015–1017, 1016f Stress testing, 705t–708t, 710, 801 Stoma care in acute coronary syndrome, 758 for ileal conduit, 1128f, 1129–1133, 1131f–1132f, 1131t nuclear imaging in, 705t–708t for ileostomy, 1003 6-minute walk test in, 490–491, 705t–708t for laryngectomy, 517 Stress ulcers for tracheostomy, 505 in mechanical ventilation, 1665–1666, 1714 Stomach. See also under Gastric; Gastrointestinal. in spinal cord injury, 1513–1514, 1561 digestion in, 878 physiologic, 958 disorders of, 889t, 962 Stressors, 89–90, 90t in older adults, 881–882, 882t Stress-related disorders, 93–94, 93t structures and functions of, 877f, 878 Stress-related mucosal disease, 958 Stomatitis, 945t Strictures aphthous, 945t definition of, 1113 cancer treatment and, 262t–263t, 265, 512 esophageal, 956–957 HIV-related, 226, 226f, 227t ureteral, 1113 Stool urethral, 1113 blood in, 640, 890t, 961–962 Stridor, 484t–485t, 1240 fatty, 890t, 1066 Stroke, 1424 in chronic pancreatitis, 1065 acute care for 108 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

for hemorrhagic stroke, 1435 for hemorrhagic stroke, 1445–1446 for ischemic stroke, 1433–1435 for ischemic stroke, 1444–1445 acute intervention in, 1441–1446 thrombotic, 1437f, 1438 affect in, 1440 transient ischemic attacks and, 1437–1438 ambulatory and home care for, 1444 types of, 1437–1439 aspiration pneumonia in, 441 urinary incontinence in, 1441, 1452–1455 assessment in, 1434–1436, 1435t urinary system in, 1452–1453, 1455 neurologic, 1436 warning signs of, 1451t nursing, 1434–1435, 1435t Stroke volume, 693, 1642–1643 atherosclerosis and, 1436 measurement of, 1643t, 1649 bowel management in, 1441, 1452, 1455–1456 Stroke volume index, 1642–1643 cardiovascular system in, 1452 measurement of, 1643t, 1649 case study of, 1458b Struvite stones,. See also Urinary calculi.1109t clinical manifestations of, 1439–1441 ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction,. See also Acute cognitive deficits in, 1440–1441 coronary syndrome.753f, 756, 756f collaborative care for, 1442–1446, 1442t Studer pouch, 1129 communication and, 1440, 1453–1454, 1453t, 1455 Sty, 370t, 387, 387f, 389 community integration after, 1455 Subacute cutaneous lupus, 1622 coping strategies for, 1454, 1455 Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis, 1234 delegation in, 1446b Subarachnoid bolt/screw, in intracranial pressure monitoring, 1397 diagnosis of, 1441–1442, 1441t Subarachnoid hematoma,. See also Head injury.1406f drug therapy for, 1442 Subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1437t, 1439 for hemorrhagic stroke, 1445 Subarachnoid space, 129f, 1379 for ischemic stroke, 1444 Subclavian artery, 1379f embolic, 1437f, 1437f, 1438 Subconjunctival hemorrhage, 370t emergency management of, 1443 Subcultures, 22 emotion and affect in, 1454–1455 Subcutaneous tissue, 414, 414f, 449 emotional lability in, 1440, 1454–1455 Subdural hematoma,. See also Head injury.1407–1408, 1407f, 1407t gastrointestinal system in, 1452 Subjective data,. See also Health history.35–39 gender differences in, 1436b Sublimaze. See Fentanyl. health promotion for, 1442b, 1448–1451 Sublingual glands, 878 hemorrhagic, 1437f, 1437t, 1438–1439 Subluxations, 1539t, 1547 acute care for, 1445 Submaxillary glands, 878 drug therapy for, 1445 Submersion injuries, 1728–1730, 1729f, 1729t intracerebral, 1437t, 1438–1439 Suboxone (buprenorphine plus naloxone), 124t subarachnoid, 1437t, 1439 Substance abuse,. See also Alcohol use/abuse; Smoking and specific surgery for, 1445–1446 abused substances.152 hypertension and, 718 addiction in, 132–133 implementation in, 1448–1449 assessment for, 163–165, 163t–164t in older adults, 1454–1456 case study of, 167b–168b integumentary system in, 1452 definition of, 153, 153t involved arteries in, 1439 dependence in, 132, 153, 153t ischemic, 1437–1438, 1437 HIV transmission in, 233–234 acute care for, 1443–1445 implementation in, 165–167 drug therapy for, 1444 in older adults, 165–167 surgery for, 1444–1445 motivational interview in, 156, 156t, 166–167 lacunar, 1438 nursing diagnoses for, 165 left- vs. right-brain damage in, 1440f nursing management of, 163 motor deficits in, 1439–1440, 1455 overdose in, 153t, 162–163, 162t musculoskeletal system in, 1452, 1455 pain management and, 165–166, 650b neurologic system in, 1451–1452 planning in, 165 NIH Stroke Scale and, 1447t, 1451–1452 preoperative assessment for, 319 nursing care plan for, 1448b relapse in, 153t nursing diagnoses for, 1448 related health problems in, 153, 153t nursing management of, 1446–1457 surgery and, 165, 165t nutritional therapy for, 1453, 1455 terminology of, 153t pathophysiology of, 1435–1436, 1437f tolerance in, 132, 153t patient teaching for, 1446b withdrawal in, 153t–154t, 142 planning in, 1448 Substance dependence, 153, 153t prevention of, 1442–1443, 1442b, 1448–1451 on opioids, 132 race/ethnicity and, 1435b, 1436 physical, 153t rehabilitation for, 1446, 1454 psychologic, 153t risk factors for, 1436–1437 Substance P, 1374t sensory-perceptual alterations in, 1445–1456 Substituted justice, 953b sexual function and, 1457 Suburethral sling, 1122–1123 speech/language deficits in, 1440, 1445, 1445t, 1454 Sucralfate (Carafate) surgery for, 1442–1443 for GERD, 951 109 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

for peptic ulcers, 968 bloodless, 343 Suction curettage, 1317t breast, 1294 Suctioning catastrophic events in, 342 blind, 1708 cranial, 1415–1416. See also Cranial surgery. in mechanical ventilation, 1657–1660, 1658f, 1657t, 1659f definition of, 314 in respiratory failure, 1708 ear, 404, 404t intracranial pressure and, 1403 elective, 314 nasogastric, fluid intake and, 291 emergency, 314 of endotracheal tube, 1657–1660, 1657t consent for, 324 of laryngectomy tube, 516 eye, patient teaching for, 393t of tracheostomy tube, 504f, 505, 505t foot, 1593–1594 delegation of, 518b gastrointestinal, 884t through mini-trach, 1708 NPO status after, 993b Sudafed (pseudoephedrine) in health history, 36 for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t in older adults, 342–343 side effects of, 499b informed consent for, 324, 324b Sudden cardiac death, 770 intraoperative care in, 330. See also Intraoperative care. Suffering, 114 joint, 1575–1577 Sugar-tong splints, 1554 laser. See Laser therapy. Suicide, assisted, 135 minimally invasive, 343 Sular (nisoldipine), for hypertension, 724t–727t nasal, 493 Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) operating room in, 331 for inflammatory bowel disease, 1000–1001, 1001t, 1001b, 1003 patient transport to, 327–328, 335 for rheumatoid arthritis, 1645t–1647t, 1653 physical layout of, 331 Sulfonylureas, for diabetes mellitus, 1269, 1269t preparation of, 335 Sumatriptan (Imitrex), for migraine, 1452, 1453b outpatient, 315, 323 Sumatriptan/naproxen (Treximet), for migraine, 1452 patient transport for, 327–328, 335 Sun exposure, skin damage from, 424–425, 424t postoperative care in, 345. See also Postoperative care. fluorouracil for, 439 preoperative care in, 314. See also Preoperative care. prevention of, 415,–416, 416f, 424–425 purposes of, 314 Sun protection factor (SPF), 425 reconstructive. See Reconstructive surgery. Sundowning, 1493 remote, 343 Sunitinib (Sutent), for cancer, 269t–270t renal, 1127 Sunscreens, 425 reproductive tract, female, 1336–1337 Supartz (hyaluronic acid), for osteoarthritis, 1608 robot-assisted, 343 Superficial vein thrombosis, 860, 860t, 861. See also Venous cardiothoracic, 761 thromboembolism. same-day admission for, 315 Superior vena cava, 693 settings for, 314–315 Superior vena cava syndrome, 274, 275f spinal, 1591 Superoptic nuclei cells, 1708 for intervertebral disk disease, 1589 Supervision, 15 terminology for, 315t Supination, 1538t thoracic, 550–553. See also Thoracic surgery. Support groups, for obesity, 930 transesophageal echocardiography in, 343 Suprachiasmatic nucleus, 100–101 ureteral, 1127 Supraglottic laryngectomy, 511 urinary tract, 1127 Supraglottic swallow, 512, 512t Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP), 331 Suprane (desflurane), 340t Surgical hand antisepsis, 335–336 Suprapubic catheters, 1126 Surgical menopause, 1338 Supraventricular tachycardia, paroxysmal, 802t, 803, 803f Surgical site preparation, 337 Suprax (cefixime), for gonorrhea, 1302t Surgical suite, 331 Suprefact (buserelin), for prostate cancer, 1359–1360, 1359t Surgical team, 331–333 Surfactant, 472–473, 1712 anesthesia care provider in, 333 Surfak (docusate), for constipation, 989t licensed practical/vocational nurse in, 332registered nurse first Surgeon, 333 assistant in, 333 Surgeon’s assistant, 333Surgery. See also specific procedures and registered nurse in, 332 disorders. surgeon in, 333 abdominal, 991–992postoperative care in, 992 surgeon’s assistant in, 333 preoperative care in, 992 Surgical technologist, 332 alcohol abuse and, 165, 165t Surgical time-out, 336 ambulatory (same-day), 315, 323–324 Sustiva (efavirenz), 229b discharge from, 358–359, 359t Susto, 29t patient teaching for, 323, 323t Sutent (sunitinib), for cancer, 269t–270t postoperative care in, 358–359, 359t. See also Postoperative care. Sutures, 177 preoperative care in. See Preoperative care. SvO2, 1642, 1650–1651, 1650t anesthesia in, 337–338. See also Anesthesia. Swallow, supraglottic, 511, 512t anxiety and fears about, 316–317 Swallowing, 878 Swallowing problems 110 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

after stroke, 1443 etiology of, 1622 in Alzheimer’s disease, 1495 health promotion for, 1625 in head and neck cancer, 262t–263t, 265, 511 hematologic involvement in, 1623 with tracheostomy, 506 infections in, 1624 Swan neck deformity, 1539t, 1612, 1612f multisystem involvement in, 1623f Swan-Ganz catheter, 1646–1650 musculoskeletal involvement in, 1622 Swayback, 1539t neonatal, 1626 Sweat chloride test, 608 neurologic involvement in, 1621–1622 Sweat glands nursing care plan for, 1627b–1628b apocrine, 414f, 415 nursing management of, 1624, 1625t eccrine, 414f, 415 ocular involvement in, 402t Sweating, 288 pathophysiology of, 1624 Swelling, 1539t patient teaching for, 1624t Swimmer’s ear, 402 pregnancy in, 1624 Swing-through gait, 1563 psychosocial issues in, 1624–1626 Swing-to gait, 1563 renal involvement in, 1116, 1621 Sydenham’s chorea, 828 Systemic sclerosis, 1626–1628, 1626f, 1627f, 1627t Symbicort (budesonide/formoterol), for asthma, 573t–574t, 575 renal involvement in, 1116 Syme amputation, 1572 Systemic vascular resistance, 694, 714, 1642–1644 Symlin (pramlintide), 1200t measurement of, 1643t, 1650 for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terminology Symmetrel (amantadine), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472 (SNOMED CT), 9 Sympathectomies, 130, 131f Systole, 693 Sympathetic nervous system, 1377. See also Nervous system. Systolic blood pressure, 694. See also Blood pressure. cardiovascular system and, 693 Systolic dysfunction, 1672 in blood pressure regulation, 713–714, 715t, 715f Systolic heart failure, 775 in heart failure, 777 in older adults, 1381t T Sympathoadrenal response, 91 T cell(s), 619 Sympathomimetics, for shock, 1686–1687 CD4, 224, 225f Synapses, 1373 cytotoxic, 195, 248, 248f Synarel (nafarelin) in cancer, 247, 248f for infertility, 1316t helper, 197f, 196 for uterine fibroids, 1330–1331 in cancer, 247, 248f Synarthrotic joints, 1532f T cell lymphoma, 676, 676f, 677t Synchronized cardioversion, 810 cutaneous, 428t, 438 Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, 1661–1662 T lymphocytes, 195, 195–196, 197f. See also Lymphocyte(s). Syncope, 816–817 helper, 196f, 196 heat, 1726 T tube, in cholecystectomy, 1071, 1071f, 1072 postoperative, 351–352 T3. See Triiodothyronine (T3). Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), 287, T4. See Thyroxine (T4). 293, 1230, 1230f, 1230t, 1231t Tabes dorsalis, 1303, 1508 hyponatremia and, 293 Tabun, 1734t in cancer, 275 Tachycardia Syndrome X, 936–937 in heart failure, 779 Synovectomy, 1575 paroxysmal supraventricular, 802t, 803, 803f Synovial fluid analysis, 1540t–1542t, 1543 sinus, 802, 801f, 802t in gout, 1620 ventricular, 802t, 807–808, 808f in rheumatoid arthritis, 1613 Tachypnea, 484t–485t Synovial joints, 1532, 1532f–1533f Tacrolimus (Prograf, FK506, Protopic), for transplantation, 213–214, Synthroid (levothyroxine), for hypothyroidism, 1241 214t, 439 Synvisc (hyaluronic acid), for osteoarthritis, 1608 Tactile fremitus, 482, 484t–485t Syphilis, 1301t, 1303–1305, 1304f–1305f, 1304t–1305t Tadalafil (Cialis) diagnosis of, 1271, 1272t–1275t for erectile dysfunction, 1367 neurosyphilis in, 1508 nitrates and, 784 tertiary, 1508 Tagamet (cimetidine) Syringes, insulin, 1197–1198 for peptic ulcers, 968 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 1673f, 1694–1696 for upper GI bleeding, 960t Systemic lupus erythematosus, 1622–1625 Tai Chi, for osteoarthritis, 1609 acute intervention in, 1625–1626 Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, 836 ambulatory and home care for, 1625 Talc pleurodesis, 552 cardiopulmonary involvement in, 1622 Talwin (pentazocine), 124t clinical manifestations of, 1622–1624 abuse of, 154t, 162 collaborative care for, 1624, 1624t Tambocor (flecainide), for dysrhythmias, 809t complications of, 1622–1624 Tamiflu (oseltamivir), 500 dermatologic involvement in, 1623, 1623f Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) diagnosis of, 1624, 1624t–1625t for breast cancer, 1289–1290, 1289t 111 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

for endometrial cancer, 1333–1334 Tennis elbow, 1539t Tamponade Tenofovir (Viread), for hepatitis, 1038–1039, 1039b balloon, for variceal bleeding, 1050, 1051f, 1054 Tenormin. See Atenolol (Tenormin). cardiac. See Cardiac tamponade. Tenosynovitis, 1539t Tampons, toxic shock syndrome and, 1321 TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation), 131, 131f Tanning, 424, 425 Tensilon test, 1476 Tapazole (methimazole), for hyperthyroidism, 1236 Tension pneumothorax, 543–544, 543t, 543f Tapentadol (Nucynta), 126t, 127 Tension-type headaches, 1449–1450, 1450f, 1450t, 1453t. See also Tarceva (erlotinib), for cancer, 269t–270t Headaches. Tardive dyskinesia, 1498 Tenting, skin, 290–291, 290f, 421t Target tissues, 1171, 1171f, 1172t Tentorial herniation, 1394f, 1395 Targeted therapy, 268. See also Biologic and targeted therapy. Tentorium cerebelli, 1379, 1395 Tasigna (nilotinib), for cancer, 269t–270t Terazosin (Hytrin), for hypertension, 724t–727t Tasmar (tolcapone), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472 Teriparatide (Forteo), for osteoporosis, 1596 Tasosartan (Verdia), for hypertension, 724t–727t Terlipressin. See Vasopressin (Pitressin, Terlipressin). Taste alterations, in cancer, 262t–263t, 265, 274 Terminal illness. See End-of-life care. Tau proteins, 1486, 1487f Terminologies. See Standardized nursing terminologies. Tavist (clemastine), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Terrorism, 1732–1734 Taxanes, 255t–256t Testicular cancer, 1364f, 1365–1366 Taxonomies, 8 Testicular self-examination, 1365, 1365f, 1365t NANDA-I, 11 Testicular torsion, 1266t, 1364f, 1365 Taxotere (docetaxel), for prostate cancer, 1360 Testis, 1171f Tazarotene (tretinoin), 441t disorders of, 1364, 1364f Teaching acquired, 1364–1365 definition of, 45 congenital, 1364 patient and caregiver. See Patient and caregiver teaching. inflammatory/infectious, 1364 Teaching plans, 45 examination of, 1269 Teaching process, 48 in older adults, 1178t Team nursing, 4 radiation injury of, 262t–263t, 266 Technology, 4 structures and functions of, 1258, 1259f, 1364f electronic health records and, 9–10 undescended, 1364 in community-based nursing, 74 Testosterone, 1172t in home health care, 75–76 endogenous in patient teaching, 51–54 age-related decrease in, 1368, 1369t nursing informatics and, 10 measurement of, 1272t–1275t Tegretol (carbamazepine) Testosterone replacement therapy, 1368 for seizures, 1459, 1460b Tetanus, 1507–1508 for trigeminal neuralgia, 1501–1503 immunization for, 1508, 1725t Tekturna (aliskiren), for hypertension, 724t–727t for burns, 459 Telangiectasia, 421t, 626t–627t, 627 postexposure prophylaxis for, 1725t electrodessication/electrocoagulation for, 440 Tetanus antitoxin, 1508 in cirrhosis, 1046–1047 Tetanus immune globulin, 1725t Telbivudine (Tyzeka), for hepatitis, 1038–1039, 1039b Tetany, 298, 298f Telehealth, 53 after parathyroidectomy, 1246 Telemetry monitoring, 798 Tetracycline Teletherapy, 260, 260f, 343. See also Radiation therapy. for H. pylori infection, 963t Telmisartan (Micardis), for hypertension, 724t–727t Tetraplegia, 1387t, 1509, 1513t Temozolomide (Temodar), for brain tumors, 1412 Teveten (eprosartan), for hypertension, 724t–727t Temperature. See also Fever. Thalamic ablation, for Parkinson’s disease, 1473 basal body, in fertility workup, 1272t–1275t, 1315, 1315f Thalamus, 1376, 1376t sensation of, assessment of, 1384 in pain transmission, 117 Temperature regulation, in spinal cord injury, 1513, 1520 Thalassemia, 641t, 642–643 Temporal arteritis, 402t in sickle cell disease, 647–648 Temporal fractures, 1404–1405, 1405t Theophylline Temporal lobe, 1375, 1375f, 1376t for asthma, 573t–574t, 575, 575b Temporal lobe absence, 1457 for COPD, 594 Temporal lobe seizures, 1457 TheraCys. See Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine. Temsirolimus (Torisel), for cancer, 269t–270t TheraPEP Therapy System, 599 Tenckhoff catheter, 1153, 1154f, 1155 Therapeutic lifestyle changes diet, 745, 745t Tendinitis, 1545t Thermal burns, 446, 447f Achilles, 1539t Thermodilution method, for cardiac output measurement, 1649–1650 Tendons, 1534 Thermography, 1540t–1542t Tenecteplase (TNKase) Thermoregulation, in spinal cord injury, 1513–1514 for acute coronary syndrome, 752t, 761 Thiamine, for alcohol intoxication, 160 for angina, 752t Thiazide diuretics, 724t–727t Tenesmus, 890t Thiazolidinediones, for diabetes mellitus, 1200t, 1201 Tenex (guanfacine), for hypertension, 724t–727t Thin blood, 29t 112 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Thiopental (Pentothal), in general anesthesia, 340t Thymectomy, for myasthenia gravis, 1477 Third spacing, 275, 286, 454, 1674–1675 Thymus, 195, 195f in burn injury, 453–454 Thyroglobulin, measurement of, 1184t–1188t Third-degree atrioventricular block, 802t, 807 Thyroid acropachy, 1236, 1236f Thirst Thyroid function tests, 1184t–1188t in diabetes mellitus, 1191–1192 Thyroid gland, 1176 regulation of, 286 cancer of, 1233–1234 Thoracentesis, 487t–488t, 489–490, 490f, 544, 552 disorders of, 1233, 1233f Thoracic aortic aneurysms, 844–845. See also Aortic aneurysms. ocular involvement in, 402t Thoracic cage, 473. See also Chest. preoperative management of, 319–320 Thoracic injuries, 541, 541t–543t, 543f. See also Chest trauma. in older adults, 1178t emergency management of, 543t palpation of, 1181, 1182f respiratory complications of, 551t structures and functions, 1171f, 1176, 1176f Thoracic surgery, 549–550 Thyroid hormones, 1172t, 1176 incisions in, 550 imbalances of. See Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism. nursing care plan for, 549b measurement of, 1184t–1187t, 1187 postoperative care in, 550, 549b Thyroid nodules, 1182t–1183t, 1233–1234, 1234f preoperative care in, 549–550 Thyroid scan, 1184t–1187t types of, 548t Thyroid storm, 1236, 1238 video-assisted, 489, 490f, 550, 548t Thyroid uptake, 1184t–1187t Thoracotomy, 550, 548t. See also Thoracic surgery. Thyroidectomy, 1237 Thoratec Ventricular Assist Device, 791 postoperative care in, 1238–1239 3D echocardiography, 709, 709f Thyroiditis, 1234, 1234f Thrills, 699–701, 699t–700t Thyroid-stimulating hormone, 1172t, 1175–1176 Thrombin, 620 deficiency of, 1229 Thrombin time, 630t measurement of, 1184t–1187t, 1187 Thromboangiitis obliterans, 858–859 Thyrotoxic crisis, 1236 Thrombocytes. See Platelet(s). Thyrotoxicosis, 1234 Thrombocytopenia, 653–657 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone clinical manifestations of, 654 measurement of, 1184t–1187t collaborative care for, 655–657, 656t Thyroxine (T4), 1172t, 1176 diagnosis of, 654–655, 655t–656t measurement of, 1184t–1187t etiology of, 653–654, 653t–655t Tiazac (diltiazem), for hypertension, 724t–727t heparin-induced, 654, 655t–656t, 656, 864 Tibial fractures, 1556f, 1569 in cancer, 261, 262t–263t Tic douloureux, 1501–1503, 1503f, 1502t in immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 653–655, 655t–656t Tick bites, 433, 434t in older adults, 667 Ticlidopine (Ticlid), for stroke, 1432, 1432b, 1434 in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 654, 655t–656t, 656 Tidal volume, 471, 490t nursing care plan for, 658b Tikosyn (dofetilide), for dysrhythmias, 809t nursing management of, 657, 657t Tilade (nedocromil), for allergic disorders, 207 pathophysiology of, 653–654 Tiludronate (Skelid) patient teaching for, 659t for osteoporosis, 1596 Thrombocytosis, 629 for Paget’s disease, 1597–1598 Thromboembolism Timolol (Blocadren), for hypertension, 724t–727t arterial, 857–858 Timolol maleate (Timoptic, Istalol), for glaucoma, 399t–400t coronary artery, 755 Timolol maleate-dorzolamide (Cosopt), for glaucoma, 399t–400t venous. See Venous thromboembolism. Timolol-brimonidine (Combigan), for glaucoma, 399t–400t Thrombolytics Tinea corporis, 433t administration of, 759 Tinea cruris, 433t for acute arterial ischemia, 858 Tinea pedis, 433t for acute coronary syndrome, 752t, 759 Tinea unguium, 433f, 433t for angina, 752t Tinel’s sign, 1548 for pulmonary embolism, 555 Tinnitus, 375 for stroke, 1433 in Ménière’s disease, 405 for venous thromboembolism, 864 Tinzaparin (Innohep), for venous thromboembolism, 863t indications/contraindications to, 759, 759t Tiotropium (Spiriva) Thrombopoietin, 619 for asthma, 573t–574t, 572 Thrombosis for COPD, 594 arterial, 857–858 Tirofiban (Aggrastat), for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 752t coronary artery, 755. See also Myocardial infarction. Tissue expanders, 444, 1288t venous. See Venous thrombosis. in breast reconstruction, 1282, 1296f Thrombotic strokes, 1428. See also Stroke. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 635–688, 655t–656t. See for acute coronary syndrome, 752t also Thrombocytopenia. for angina, 752t Thromboxane, 172, 172f for pulmonary embolism, 555 Thrush, 890t, 945t for stroke, 1433 HIV-related, 226, 226f, 227t Titration, analgesic, 128 113 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

TNKase (tenecteplase) Trachea, 470, 471f–472f for acute coronary syndrome, 752t obstruction of. See Airway obstruction. for angina, 752t Tracheal deviation, 482, 484t–485t TNM staging system, 249–250, 249t, 538 Tracheostomy, 503–504, 1654. See also Endotracheal intubation. Tobacco use, 152–155. See also Smoking. aspiration and, 506 head and neck cancer and, 512 definition of, 503 Tocilizumab (Actemra), for rheumatoid arthritis, 1605t–1607t, 1614 indications for, 503 Todd’s paralysis, 1457 mini, 1708 Toe nursing care plan for, 507b–508b claw, 1594t, 1595f nursing management of, 504–509, 503t–504t hammer, 1594t, 1595f delegation in, 517b Morton’s, 1594t percutaneous, 503–504 TOF peripheral nerve stimulation, 1666, 1667f speech with, 503t–504t, 507–509, 509f–510f Tolcapone (Tasmar), for Parkinson’s disease, 1472 stoma care for, 505 Tolerance, 153t swallowing problems and, 506 to opioids, 133 vs. endotracheal intubation, 503 Tolterodine (Detrol), for overactive bladder, 1122, 1123b Tracheostomy collar, 592t–594t Tongue, 878 Tracheostomy T bar, 592t–594t cancer of, 945–947, 946t–947t Tracheostomy tubes examination of, 886 changing of, 506, 506f geographic, 890t cleaning, 505 smooth, 890t cuffed, 502f, 503t–504t , 505 Tonic seizures, 1456 inflation/deflation of, 505–506 Tonic-clonic seizures, 1456 dislodgment of, 505 emergency management of, 1459t emergency insertion of, 505 Tono-pen tonometry, 370t, 372, 373f face plate (flange) of, 502f, 504–505 Tonometry, 370t, 372, 373f fenestrated, 502f, 503t–504t , 509f, 509 Tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess and, 503 obturator for, 502f, 504 Tophi, in gout, 1620, 1620f parts of, 502f Topical drug therapy, 438–439, 441 removal of, 509 application in, 443 securing ties for, 505 common bases for, 438t speaking, 503t–504t, 507–509, 509f–510f Topiramate (Topamax), for migraine prevention, 1453 suctioning of, 505–506, 504f, 505t Topoisomerase inhibitors, 255t–256t delegation of, 517b Toradol (ketorolac), 123t types of, 502f, 503t–504t Toremifene (Fareston), for breast cancer, 1289t, 1290 uncuffed, 503t–504t, 505 Torisel (temsirolimus), for cancer, 269t–270t Tracheotomy, 503, 1655 Torsemide (Demadex), for hypertension, 724t–727t Trachoma, 387–388, 1305 Torticollis, 1539t Tracleer (bosentan), for pulmonary hypertension, 557 Tositumomab (Bexxar) Traction for cancer, 269t–270t delegation for, 1578b for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 676 for fractures, 1553–1554, 1560 Total colectomy, with ileoanal reservoir, 1003, 1003f, 1017 in spinal cord injury, 1515–1519 Total hemolytic complement (CH50), 1540t–1542t skeletal, 1553 Total intravenous anesthesia, 338 skin, 1553–1554 Total iron-binding capacity, 622t, 630–631 Traction alopecia, 421, 422f in anemia, 641t Tractotomies, 130, 131f Total joint arthroplasty. See Arthroplasty. Traditional Chinese medicine, 82–83, 83t Total laryngectomy. See also Laryngectomy. Traditional healers, 25 nursing care plan for, 513b–515b Train-of-four peripheral nerve stimulation, 1666, 1667f nursing management of, 512–515 TRAM flap, 1288t, 1296, 1297f Total lung capacity, 489–491, 490t Tramadol (Ultram), 126t, 127 in restrictive vs. obstructive lung disease, 551t Trandate (labetalol), for hypertension, 724t–727t Total parenteral nutrition. See Parenteral nutrition. Trandolapril (Mavik), for hypertension, 724t–727t Total proctocolectomy Tranexamic acid (Cyklokapron), for hemophilia, 660, 660t with continent ileostomy, 1003 Trans fat, 900 with permanent ileostomy, 1003 Transbronchial lung biopsy, 489, 490f Touch Transcellular fluid, 282, 283f. See also Fluid. assessment of, 1384 Transcranial Doppler, 1388t–1389t cultural aspects of, 27 in stroke, 1430 Tourniquet test, 630t Transcription, 190 Toxic megacolon, 983, 1000 Transcultural nursing, 23. See also Culturally competent care; Toxic nodular goiter, 1235 Culture. Toxic shock syndrome, tampons and, 1321 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), 131, 132f Trabeculectomy, 398 Transduction, in pain, 115–116, 115f Trabeculoplasty, argon laser, 398 Transesophageal echocardiography, 703t–707t, 709 Trace elements, 900, 902t intraoperative, 342 114 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Transferrin, 631t, 619, 630–631 Transport, to operating room, 327 in anemia, 641t Transrectal ultrasonography, 1275 Transferrin saturation, 631, 631t Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, for acromegaly, 1227–1228, 1227f Transfusion(s), 680–686. See also Fluid therapy. Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change, 46–47, 47t administration of, 681–682 Transthoracic needle aspiration, 489, 490f albumin, 681t Transudative effusion, 551 autotransfusion, 685–687, 1558 Transurethral electrovaporization of prostate, 1349, 1350t blood products for, 681t Transurethral incision of prostate (TUIP), 1350t blood substitutes for, 332t Transurethral microwave thermotherapy, for benign prostatic clotting factor (cryoprecipitate), 663, 660t, 681t hypertrophy, 1349, 1350t for hemophilia, 663, 660t Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA), 1349–1350, 1350t erythrocyte, 681t Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP), 1350t, 1351, 1351f ethical aspects of, 680b postoperative care for, 1354 for disseminated intravascular coagulation, 664 preoperative care for, 1353–1354 for hemorrhage, 646 sexual function after, 1352, 1354 for thalassemia, 642–643 Transurethral resection with fulguration, for bladder cancer, 1118–1119 fresh frozen plasma, 681t Transvaginal ultrasonography, 1275 graft-versus-host disease and, 215–216 Transvenous pacing, 812 HIV transmission via, 223–224, 232–233, 684 Transverse fractures, 1551, 1551f infection transmission via, 683t, 684–685 Transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap, 1288t, packed red cell, 307–308 1296, 1297f platelet, 680–681, 681t Trapped lung, 551 for thrombocytopenia, 645, 656–657 Trastuzumab (Herceptin) predeposit, 685–686 cardiotoxicity of, 267 Rh incompatibility and, 630 for cancer, 269t–270t safety measures for, 681–682, 681b of breast, 1290, 1290b Transfusion reactions, 682–685, 683t Trauma. See also specific types. allergic, 682–684 abdominal, 994–995, 995t delayed, 684–685, 684t barotrauma, 1665–1666, 1714 febrile, 682 case study of, 1736b hemolytic, 203, 682, 683t chest. See Chest trauma. massive, 684 cumulative, 1547 Transfusion-related lung injury, 683t, 684 facial, 1570 Transhepatic biliary catheterization, 1071 from terrorism, 1732–1734 Transient ischemic attacks, 1427 from violence, 1732 hypertension and, 719 head, 1404–1407. See also Head injury; Traumatic brain injury. Transjugular portosystemic shunt (TIPS), for esophageal/gastric varices, lower gastrointestinal, 1040 1051, 1052f musculoskeletal. See Musculoskeletal trauma. Translation, 190 ocular, 386, 386t, 1570 Transluminal angioplasty, 1432–1433, 1432f in facial fractures, 1570 Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, 218 renal, 1113–1114 Transmission, of pain, 115f, 116–117. See also Pain, transmission of. spinal cord. See Spinal cord injury. Transmission-based precautions, 222 volutrauma, 1665, 1714 Transmyocardial laser revascularization, 761 Traumatic brain injury, 1404. See also Head injury. Transparent film dressings, 180, 181t case history of, 1422b Transplantation, 212–215 collaborative care for, 1407 cardiac, 791–793, 791t complications of, 1406–1407 for dilated cardiomyopathy, 838 diagnosis of, 1407 corneal, 390, 390f diffuse, 1405 donor compensation for, 1160b diffuse axonal, 1405 ethical issues in, 1160b–1161b, 1165b focal, 1406 graft-versus-host disease and, 215–216 nursing management of, 1407–1410, 1410t hematopoietic stem cell. See Hematopoietic stem cells, transplantation Travel, diabetes mellitus and, 1211 of. Travopost (Travatan), for glaucoma, 399t–400t immunosuppressive therapy for, 213–215, 214t, 215f Trazodone (Desyrel), 104 liver, 1060–1061 Treadmill test, 491 lung, 558–560, 558t Treatment adherence, ethical aspects of, 834b for COPD, 597 Treatment entitlement, 1566b for pulmonary hypertension, 557–558 Treatment refusal, 680b, 1509b organ donation and, 144, 1726 Treatment withholding, 145, 277b, 1165b, 1417b, 1566b pancreatic, 1206 Trelstar (triptorelin), for prostate cancer, 1359, 1359t pancreatic islet cell, 1206 Tremor parathyroid, 1246 flapping, 1049 rejection in, 213, 213f in acute kidney injury, 1138 renal. See Renal transplantation. in Parkinson’s disease, 1471 stool, 983–984 Trench mouth, 945t tissue typing for, 212–213 Treponema pallidum, 1303 115 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) test, 1304–1305 drug therapy for, 532 Treprostinil (Remodulin), for pulmonary hypertension, 557 immune response in, 204 Tretinoin (Retin-A, Renova, Tazarotene), 441t in immigrants, 28 Treximet (sumatriptan/naproxen), for migraine, 1452 latent infection in, 529, 529t Triage, 1735–1738 treatment of, 532, 531t Triamcinolone (Nasacort), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t miliary, 530 Triamterene (Dyrenium) multidrug-resistant, 528 for cirrhosis, 1053t nursing management of, 532 for hypertension, 724t–727t pathophysiology of, 528–529 Triceps reflex, assessment of, 1385 race/ethnicity and, 528b Trichlormethiazide (Metahydrin, Naqua), for hypertension, 724t–727t reactivation of, 529 Trichloroacetic acid, for genital warts, 1309 of, 219, 220t Trichomoniasis, 1326–1327, 1326t renal, 1103 TriCor (fenofibrate), 747t Tubo-ovarian abscess, 1327–1328, 1327f Tricuspid stenosis, 831t, 833. See also Valvular heart disease. Tularemia, in terrorism, 1732–1734, 1733t–1734t Tridil. See Nitroglycerin. Tumor(s) Trigeminal nerve, 1378t, 1380f, 1502f benign, 244, 244t examination of, 1383 biopsy of, 251 Trigeminal neuralgia, 1501–1503, 1503f, 1502t bone, 1584 Trigger point massage, 131 brain, 1410–1412. See also Brain tumors. Triglycerides, 702, 703t–707t, 708, 740. See also Hyperlipidemia; malignant, 244, 244t. See also Cancer. Lipids/lipoproteins. ocular, 401, 401f in chronic kidney disease, 1142 spinal cord, 1526–1527, 1527f Trigone, 1080 Tumor angiogenesis, 246 Triiodothyronine (T3), 1172t, 1176 Tumor lysis syndrome, 275–276 measurement of, 1184t–1187t Tumor markers, 248 Trileptal (oxcarbazepine), for trigeminal neuralgia, 1501–1503 for breast cancer, 1285 Trilisate (choline magnesium trisalicylate), 122, 123t in reproductive cancers, 1272 Trimethaphan (Arfonad), for hypertension, 724t–727t Tumor necrosis factor, 198t Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra), for urinary tract Tumor necrosis factor receptor, clinical uses of, 199t infections, 1097 Tumor suppressor genes, 244 Tripod position, 1704 Tumor-associated antigens, 247 Triptans, for migraine, 1452 Tuning fork tests, 380, 380t Triptorelin (Trelstar), for prostate cancer, 1359, 1359t Turbinates, nasal, 470 Trisenox (arsenic trioxide), for leukemia, 671 Turgor, skin, 290–291, 290f, 420 Trismus, 1508 Twinrix vaccine, 1040 Trochlear nerve, 1378f, 1378t 2D echocardiography, 709, 709f examination of, 1383 Two-point discrimination, 1384 Trolamine salicylate (Aspercreme, Myoflex Creme), 129 Two-point gait, 1563 Tropic hormones, 1175 Tykerb (lapatinib) excess of, 1228–1229 for breast cancer, 1290, 1290b Tropicamide (Mydriacyl, Tropicacyl), for pupillary dilation, 392t for cancer, 269t–270t Troponin Tylenol. See Acetaminophen (Tylenol). cardiac, 702, 703t–707t Tylox. See Oxycodone. in myocardial infarction, 756–757, 757f Tympanic membrane, 374–375, 375f Trousseau’s sign, 298, 298f disorders of, 379t Trusopt (dorzolamide), for glaucoma, 399t–400t examination of, 378–379, 378f, 379t Trypsin, in acute pancreatitis, 1062 perforation of, 404, 404f T-score, 1595 tympanometry, 380t T-tube, drainage from, 358t Tympanoplasty, 389, 404, 404t Tubal patency studies, 1315Tube feeding. See Enteral nutrition. Tympanostomy tubes, 403 Tuberculin skin test, 486, 489t, 530 Tympany, 482t, 887 Tuberculosis, 528–532 Type A personality, coronary artery disease and, 743 classification of, 529, 529t Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, for cancer, 269t–270t clinical manifestations of, 529 Tysabri (natalizumab) collaborative care for, 530–532, 530t for inflammatory bowel disease, 1002–1003, 1002t complications of, 530 for multiple sclerosis, 1466 diagnosis of, 530 Tyzeka (telbivudine), for hepatitis, 1038–1039, 1039b skin testing in, 204, 486, 489t, 530 Tzanck test, 423t drug therapy for, 530–532, 531t adherence with, 531, 531b directly observed, 531 U for active disease, 530–532 Ulcer(s), 418t for latent infection, 532 arterial, 851, 853 etiology of, 528–529 prevention of, 857, 857t health care disparities and, 528b corneal, 388, 388f HIV-related, 529 116 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Curling’s, 459t, 462 Univasc (moexipril), for hypertension, 724t–727t diabetic foot, 1219t, 1220f, 1221f, 1221–1222, 1222t Universal Protocol, 336 in peripheral arterial disease, 851, 853 Unstable angina, 749t, 754, 754f. See also Acute coronary syndrome. oral, 890t, 945t collaborative care for, 750t, 751f, 758–761 aphthous, 945t diagnosis of, 757–758 cancer treatment and, 262t–263t, 265, 513 emergency management of, 758t HIV-related, 226, 226f, 227t Upper esophageal sphincter, 878 in cancer, 262t–263t, 265 Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 958–960. See also Gastrointestinal peptic. See Peptic ulcer disease. bleeding. pressure, 183–185 Upper gastrointestinal disorders, 940 stress Upper gastrointestinal series, 891, 891f, 892f, 891t–894t in mechanical ventilation, 1665–1666, 1714 Upper motor neurons (UMNs), 1374 in spinal cord injury, 1513–1514, 1520 Upper respiratory system, 470–471, 471f 489–490. See also Respiratory physiologic, 958 system. varicose, 868–869, 869f disorders of, 493 venous leg, 868–869, 869f Urachus, 1080 Ulcerative colitis, 998–1004, 1000f. See also Inflammatory bowel Uremia, 1142. See also Chronic kidney disease. disease. Uremic fetor, 1144 vs. Crohn’s disease, 999t Ureter(s), 1076, 1077f Ulnar deviation, 1539t in older adults, 1081, 1081t Ulnar drift, 1611, 1612t obstruction of, 1107 Uloric (febuxostat), for gout, 1621 Ureteral catheterization, 1125–1126 Ultane (sevoflurane), 340t Ureteral strictures, 1113 Ultradian rhythms, 1174 Ureteral surgery, 1127 Ultrafiltration Ureteroileosigmoidostomy, 1128f continuous arteriovenous, 1159–1160 Ureterolithotomy, 1111 for heart failure, 781 Ureteroneocystostomy, 1113, 1163 in continuous renal replacement therapy, 1139–1140, 1159t Ureteropelvic junction, 1079 in peritoneal dialysis, 1153–1154 obstruction in, 1108 Ultram (tramadol), 127, 126t Ureterostomy, 1128f Ultrasonic-guided regional anesthesia, 343 Ureteroureterostomy, 1113 Ultrasonography Ureterovesical junctions, 1079 abdominal, 891t–894t Urethra, 1077f, 1080 Doppler in older adults, 1081, 1081t cardiac, 709 Urethral catheterization, 1125–1126. See also Urinary catheterization. duplex venous, 1540t–1542t Urethral diverticula, 1101–1102 in peripheral arterial disease, 851–852 Urethral obstruction, in benign prostatic hyperplasia, 1353 in stroke, 1431 Urethral stents, intraprostatic, 1350t, 1351 transcranial, 1388t–1389t Urethral strictures, 1113 endoscopic, 891t–894t Urethritis, 1094, 1094f, 1101 intracoronary, 703t–707t, 710–711 chlamydial, 1305 ocular, 374t gonococcal, 1301–1303 of abdomen, 632t Urethrovaginal fistulas, 1341, 1341f of endocrine tumors, 1184t–1187t Urethrovesical unit, 1080–1081 of liver, 632t Urge incontinence, 1120t of reproductive system, 1274t, 1275 Uric acid, 1186t–1190t, 1540t–1542t of spleen, 632t Uric acid stones, 1109t. See also Urinary calculi. pelvic, 1272t–1275t, 1275 Uricosurics, for gout, 1621 quantitative, 1540t–1542t Urinalysis, 1086t–1091t, 1091, 1096 in bone density measurement, 1595 in endocrine disorders, 1184t–1187t renal, 1086t–1090t specimen collection for, 1086t–1090t, 1096 transrectal, 1272t–1275t, 1275 Urinary calculi, 1107–1111, 1108f transvaginal, 1272t–1275t, 1275 calcium oxalate, 1110f Ultrasound core biopsy. See also Biopsy. clinical manifestations of, 1108–1109 of breast, 1279 collaborative care for, 1109–1110 Ultraviolet light diagnosis of, 1109 skin damage from, 424–425, 425t etiology of, 1108 therapeutic, 438 fractures and, 1558–1560 Umbilical hernias, 1024, 1024f gender differences in, 1125t Uncal herniation, 1394f, 1395 lithotripsy for, 1110 Unconsciousness nursing care plan for, 1112b in increased intracranial pressure, 1395 nursing management of, 1112–1113, 1111t neurologic assessment in, 1400–1401 nutritional therapy for, 1111, 1111t Undernutrition, 902 pathophysiology of, 1108 case study of, 919b risk factors for, 1108t Underweight, 921–922, 922t surgery for, 1111types of, 1108, 1108f, 1109t, 1110f Undescended testis, 1364 urologic procedures for, 1110 117 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Urinary catheterization, 1125–1128 stress, 1085t, 1120t catheters for, 1125, 1125f surgery for, 1122 drainage in, 358t types of, 1120t for urinary retention, 1124–1125 Urinary intermittency, 1096t in benign prostatic hyperplasia, 1351 Urinary ketones, 1091t in spinal cord injury, 1512, 1520–1523 Urinary obstruction, 1106–1107 indications for, 1125t Urinary retention, 1085t, 1096t, 1119–1122 intermittent, 1127 catheterization for, 1124 postoperative, 1336 collaborative care for, 1124–1125 in hysterectomy, 1338 diagnosis of, 1119–1120 in transurethral resection of prostate, 1351–1354 drug therapy for, 1124 suprapubic, 1126 in spinal cord injury, 1512, 1519 ureteral, 1126 nursing management of, 1124–1125 urethral, 1125–1126 postoperative, 356 Urinary continence, 1080 in hysterectomy, 1338 Urinary disorders, 1083t, 1085t surgery for, 1124 clinical manifestations of, 1083t Urinary system, 1076, 1077f postoperative, 356 assessment of, 1081–1085 race/ethnicity and, 1094b auscultation in, 1085 Urinary diversion, 1128–1129. See also Ileal conduits; Ileostomy. common abnormalities on, 1085t continent, 1129 diagnostic studies in, 1085–1092 incontinent, 1129 focused, 1085, 1085b methods of, 1128f, 1128t functional health patterns in, 1083–1084 neobladder, 1129 health history in, 1081, 1082t postoperative care in, 1131–1132 medication history in, 1081 preoperative care in, 1129–1131 normal findings on, 1085t Urinary elimination, 1080 palpation in, 1084, 1084f abnormalities of, 1083t, 1085t percussion in, 1084, 1084f, 1085t after stroke, 1430–1431.1441–1442 physical examination in, 1084–1085 burning on, 1083t preoperative, 319 in diabetes mellitus, 1191–1192 surgical history in, 1081–1082 in double voiding, 1124 disorders of, 1093 in multiple sclerosis, 1466t, 1468t drugs affecting, 1119t in older adults, 1081 imaging of, 1085–1092, 1096 in scheduled toileting, 1124 in older adults, 1081, 1081t nocturnal, 1083, 1085t, 1096t postmenopausal changes in, 1323 in heart failure, 779 structures and functions of, 1076–1081 painful, 1085t, 1096t surgery of, 1128 postmenopausal changes in, 1323 Urinary tract infections, 1093–1097 postoperative, 356 case study of, 1132b regulation of, 1079 classification of, 1094–1095 Urinary frequency, 1085t, 1096t clinical manifestations of, 1095–1096, 1096t in diabetes mellitus, 1191–1192 collaborative care for, 1096, 1096t in interstitial cystitis, 1102 diagnosis of, 1096, 1096t in urinary tract infections, 1095 drug therapy for, 1096–1097 Urinary hesitancy, 1085t, 1096t etiology of, 1094t, 1095, 1107f Urinary incontinence, 1085t, 1096t, 1119–1122 gender differences in, 1107b after radical prostatectomy, 1356–1357 in Alzheimer’s disease, 1495 after stroke, 1430–1431.1441–1442, 1445 in older adults, 1095 after transurethral resection of prostate, 1354 in spinal cord injury, 1519 collaborative care for, 1120t–1121t, 1120–1121 infection sites in, 1094f, 1107f complementary and alternative therapies for, 1121b nursing care plan for, 1098b diagnosis of, 1119–1120drug therapy for, 1121 nursing management of, 1097–1099, 1097t etiology of, 1120t pathophysiology of, 1095 functional, 1120t patient teaching for, 1099t gender differences in, 1119b predisposing factors for, 1095t in Alzheimer’s disease, 1495 prevention of, 1097–1099 in cauda equina syndrome, 1510.1589 recurrent, 1094, 1096, 1099 in dying patient, 148t–149t urinary calculi and, 1107–1109 in older adults, 1081 Urinary urgency, 1096t in stroke, 1430–1431.1441–1442, 1445 in interstitial cystitis, 1095–1096 nursing management of, 1121t, 1122–1124 in urinary tract infections, 1095–1096 overflow, 1119, 1120t Urination. See Urinary elimination. pelvic floor exercises for, 1119b, 1121b Urine postoperative, 1120t blood in, 1085t posttraumatic, 1120t composition of, 1083t reflex, 1120t erythrocytes in, 1091t 118 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

formation of, 1077–1078 Vaginal fistulas, 1342, 1341f glucose in, 1091t Vaginal hysterectomy. See Hysterectomy. leukocytes in, 1091t Vaginal introitus, 1260f, 1261 pH of, 1091t Vaginal smears, 1272 protein in, 1086t–1091t Vaginectomy, 1336t residual, 1086t–1091t Vaginitis, 1326–1327 specific gravity of, 290 severe recurrent, 1326–1327, 1326t Urine concentration test, 1086t–1090t Vagotomy, 884t Urine culture, 1086t–1091t, 1096 for peptic ulcers, 973 sensitivity testing and, 1096 Vagus nerve, 1378f, 1378t Urine cytology, 1086t–1090t examination of, 1383 Urine flow study, 1086t–1090t Valacyclovir (Valtrex), for genital herpes, 1308, 1308t Urine osmolality, 1091t Valerian, 85t, 105 Urine output, 1079, 1083t Valgus deformity, 1539t decreased, 1085t Valium (diazepam), abuse of, 154t, 162 in acute kidney injury, 1137–1138 Valproic acid (Depakote), for migraine prevention, 1453 postoperative, 345 Valsalva maneuver, 881 increased in elimination, 988 in diabetes insipidus, 1232 Valsartan (Diovan), for hypertension, 724t–727t in diabetes mellitus, 1191–1192 Value-belief pattern, 37t, 39 Urine specific gravity, 1091t Values, 22 Urine specimens, 1091 Valvular heart disease, 830 clean-catch, 1086t–1090t, 1096 antibiotic prophylaxis for, 821, 821t, 821b collection of, 1086t–1090t, 1096 aortic valve regurgitation, 831t, 832–833 midstream, 1086t–1090t, 1096 aortic valve stenosis, 831t, 832 Urine studies, 1086t–1090t case study of, 841b Urised, for urinary tract infections, 1097 clinical manifestations of, 831, 831t Urobilinogen, urinary, 896t collaborative care for, 833–836, 833t Urodynamics, 1086t–1090t, 1092 diagnosis of, 833 Uroflow, 1086t–1090t mitral valve prolapse, 831t, 831–832, 831f, 832t Urofollitropin (Fertinex, Bravelle), 1316t mitral valve regurgitation, 831t, 831 Urosepsis, 1094, 1099, 1100 mitral valve stenosis, 830, 830f Urothelium, 1080 nursing care plan for, 822 Ursodeoxycholic acid (ursodiol), for primary biliary cirrhosis, 1044 nursing management of, 836 Ursodiol (Actigall), for primary biliary cirrhosis, 1044 percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty for, 834, 833f Urticaria, 201.435t pulmonary stenosis, 831t, 833 Uterine adnexa, 1260 regurgitation in, 830, 830f Uterine artery embolization, for leiomyomas, 1331 stenosis in, 830, 830f Uterine balloon thermotherapy, for menorrhagia, 1321, 1321f tricuspid stenosis, 831t, 833 Uterine bleeding, dysfunctional, 1320 types of, 831t Uterine fibroids. See Leiomyomas. valve repair for, 834 Uterine prolapse, 1340, 1340f valve replacement for, 834–836, 835f, 835t case study of, 1344b Valvuloplasty, 834, 834 Uterosacral ligament, 1260f, 1260–1261 balloon, 834, 833f Uterus, structures and functions of, 1260f, 1260–1261 Valvulotomy, 834 Uveal melanoma, 401, 401f Vancenase (beclomethasone), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t Uveitis, 400–401 Vancomycin, for infective endocarditis, 822t Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, 109 Vancomycin-resistant enterococci, 220–221, 220t Vanillylmandelic acid, measurement of, 1184t–1187t Vardenafil (Levitra), for erectile dysfunction, 1368t V Varenicline (Chantix), 155, 156t Variant angina, 749, 750t Vaccines. See Immunization. Varices Vacuum constriction devices, for erectile dysfunction, 1368 esophageal, 958, 1048, 1050, 1054 Vacuum-assisted wound closure, 180 management of, 1050, 1051f–1052f, 1054 Vagal stimulation gastric for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 803 in cirrhosis, 1048 for seizures, 1461 management of, 1050, 1051f Vagina Varicocele, 1363f, 1364 disorders of, 1326–1327 infertility and, 1364b, 1369–1370 structures and functions of, 1260f, 1261 Varicocelectomy, 1266t Vaginal atrophy, menopause and, 1324 Varicose ulcers, 869–870, 869f Vaginal bleeding, abnormal, 1268, 1320–1321 Varicose veins, 421t, 867–868, 868f Vaginal cancer, 1336. See also Reproductive cancers, female. thrombosis of, 859, 859t, 861 Vaginal discharge Varum deformity, 1539t assessment of, 1326 Vas deferens, 1259, 1259f causes of, 1326 Vascular dementia, 1482. See also Dementia. 119 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

Vascular disorders, 843–873 collaborative care for, 861–865 gender differences in, 844b complications of, 861–862 pulmonary, 553 definition of, 859 Vascular endothelium diagnosis of, 862t in blood pressure regulation, 715 drug therapy for, 863 in coronary artery disease, 737, 739f endothelial damage and, 861 in hypertension, 718 hypercoagulability and, 861, 860t Vascular grafts Venous thromboembolism (Continued) ambulatory and home care for, 848–849 in burn injury, 447, 460 for aortic aneurysms, 846–847, 847f in disseminated intravascular coagulation, 663, 662f for aortic dissection, 850 in fractures, 1565 for peripheral arterial disease, 855, 854f in thrombocytopenia, 654–655 nursing management of, 847–849 nursing management of, 865–867 postoperative care for, 847–849 pathophysiology of, 861 Vascular resistance, 1642 postoperative, 318, 351–352 Vascular system. See also under Cardiovascular. prevention of, 525, 864 assessment of, 695–702 pulmonary embolism and, 554. See also Pulmonary embolism. in older adults, 694, 695t risk factors for, 860–861, 860t structures and functions of, 693, 693f surgery for, 865, 865f Vasectomy, 1266t, 1366, 1366f, 1366b venous stasis and, 860 ethical issues in, 1366b vs. superficial vein thrombosis, 859t Vasodilators Venous thrombosis, 859–865 for heart failure, 781–782, 782t, 784 deep vein, 554, 860, 859t for hypertension, 724t–727t, 723 after stroke, 1441 for shock, 1687–1688 in spinal cord injury, 1514, 1520 Vasogenic cerebral edema, 1393 prevention of, 555 Vasomotor instability, in menopause, 1323 definition of, 859 Vasopressin, endogenous. See Antidiuretic hormone. etiology of, 860–861 Vasopressin (Pitressin, Terlipressin) in disseminated intravascular coagulation, 663, 662f for cirrhosis, 1053t in spinal cord injury, 1514, 1520 for septic shock, 1688 left ventricular, 780 for shock, 1686t–1687t nursing management of, 865–867 for upper GI bleeding, 959–960, 960t pathophysiology of, 861 for variceal bleeding, 1050 prevention of, 555 Vasospasm, cerebral, in subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1428, 1436 renal vein, 1114 Vasotec. See Enalapril (vasotec). superficial vein, 860, 859t, 861 Vasovagal syncope, 816–817 Ventavis (iloprost), for pulmonary hypertension, 557 VDRL test, 1272, 1272t–1275t, 1303 Ventilation, 473 Vectibix (panitumumab), for cancer, 269t–270t maximal voluntary, 490t Vegan diet, 901 mechanical. See Mechanical ventilation. Vegetarians, 901 Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, 1679, 1702f Vegetations in respiratory failure, 1700–1701 in infective endocarditis, 818, 819f Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan, 487t–488t in rheumatic endocarditis, 827, 827f for pulmonary embolism, 554 Veins, 693, 693f. See also Circulation. Ventilator bundle protocol, 1714, 1714t neural control of, 693 Ventilator-associated pneumonia, 522, 522t, 526, 1665, 1714, 1714t. varicose, 421t, 867–868, 868f See also Pneumonia. thrombosis of, 859, 859t, 861 prevention of, 526 Velcade (bortezomib), for cancer, 269t–270t Ventilatory demand, 1699 Vena cava, 693 Ventilatory failure, 1699. See also Respiratory failure. Vena cava filters, 865 Ventilatory supply, 1699 Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test, 1272, 1272t–1275t, Ventolin. See Albuterol. 1303 Ventral hernias, 1024 Venereal diseases, 1300. See also Sexually transmitted diseases. Ventricles Venography. See also Angiography. cardiac, 690, 691f peripheral, 703t–707t, 711 cerebral, 1376 Venous dermatitis, 869–870 Ventricular aneurysms, 757 Venous disease, 860 Ventricular assist devices, 781, 783, 791, 1654, 1654f vs. peripheral arterial disease, 852t for cardiomyopathy, 839 Venous hemoglobin oxygen saturation, 1643t Ventricular bigeminy, 807 Venous insufficiency, chronic, 862, 861–865 Ventricular contractions, premature, 802t, 807, 807f Venous leg ulcers, 869–870, 869f Ventricular fibrillation, 756, 802t, 808–809, 808f Venous oxygen saturation, 1650–1651 Ventricular gallop, 701 Venous stasis, 860 Ventricular hypertrophy, 693 Venous thromboembolism, 861–865 hypertension and, 718–719, 718f antiembolism stockings for, 862 in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 839, 839f clinical manifestations of, 861 Ventricular remodeling 120 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

in coronary artery disease, 756 Viremia, 224 in heart failure, 776 Virtual colonoscopy, 891t–894t, 892 Ventricular shunts, for brain tumors, 1411 Visceral pain, 117 Ventricular tachycardia, 802t, 807–808, 808f Visceral peritoneum, 877 Ventricular trigeminy, 807 Visceral pleura, 473 Ventriculectomy, for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 839–840 Visceral vs. abdominal fat, 921, 923f, 923t Ventriculostomy Visken (pindolol), for hypertension, 724t–727t for cerebrospinal fluid drainage, 1397f, 1397 Visual accommodation, 366 for intracranial pressure monitoring, 1396, 1397f–1398f Visual acuity testing, 370–372, 370t, 1383 Venturi mask, 592t–594t, 594 Visual agnosia Venules, 693, 693f after stroke, 1431 Veramyst (fluticasone furoate), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t in Alzheimer’s disease, 1488 Verapamil Visual fields for dysrhythmias, 809t defects in, 371t for hypertension, 724t–727t in stroke, 1431, 1442–1443 Verdia (tasosartan), for hypertension, 724t–727t examination of, 369t, 1382 Verelan. See Verapamil. Visual impairment Verruca vulgaris, 432t correctable, 382–384. See also Refractive errors. Vertebrae, 1379, 1380f. See also under Spinal; Spine. in older adults, 366, 386 fractures of, 1569–1570 in transient ischemic attacks, 1427, 1443f pathologic, 1539t, 1583, 1595–1596 levels of, 384, 385t spinal cord injury in, 1508–1515. See also Spinal cord injury. nursing management of, 384 osteoporosis of, 1539t, 1594–1595 uncorrectable, 396 Vertebral column, 1379, 1380f Visual laser ablation of the prostate (VLAP), 1350 Vertebroplasty, 1596 Visual pathways, 366, 366f Vertical banded gastroplasty, 931t, 932, 932f Visual problems, 371t, 382 Vertical sleeve gastrectomy, 931t, 932f, 932 case study of, 411b Vertigo, 375 cultural factors in, 383b benign paroxysmal positional, 406 diagnosis of, 373, 374t in Ménière’s disease, 405 extraocular, 387 Very low-density lipoproteins, 703t–707t, 708. See also Hyperlipidemia; in stroke, 1431, 1442–1443 Lipids/lipoproteins. intraocular, 390 Vesicants, extravasation of, 256, 257f traumatic, 386 Vesicles, 418t Visual system. See also Eye. Vesicoureteral reflux, 1099–1100 assessment of, 367–373 Vesicovaginal fistulas, 1342, 1341f common abnormalities in, 371t Vesicular breath sounds, 484, 483f diagnostic studies in, 373, 374t Vestibular schwannoma, 406 focused, 378, 378b Vestibular system, 375 functional health patterns in, 376–378 Vestibule, 375, 375f, 1261f, 1261 health history in, 367, 369t Vestibulocochlear nerve, 1378f, 1378t initial observation in, 370 examination of, 1383 inspection in, 373 Viagra. See Sildenafil. medication history in, 367–368 Vibramycin. See Doxycycline (Vibramycin). of color vision, 370t, 373 Vibration, in chest physiotherapy, 598 of stereopsis, 373 Vibration sense, assessment of, 1384 physical examination in, 369–373, 370t Vicodin (hydrocodone), 124t visual acuity testing in, 370–372, 370t, 1383 Vidarabine (Vira-A), for encephalitis, 1421 disorders of, traumatic, 386, 386t, 1572 Vidaza (azacitidine), for myelodysplastic syndrome, 668–669 in older adults, 366, 367t Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), 489, 490f, 538, 550, 548t structures and functions of, 364–366, 365f Videourodynamics, 1086t–1091t Vital capacity, 491, 490t Villi, intestinal, 879–880 in restrictive vs. obstructive lung disease, 551t Vinca alkaloids, 255t–256t Vital signs, 41t–42t Vincent’s infection, 945t Vitamin(s), 900 Violence, 1732 deficiencies of, 903 family and intimate partnerm, 1732 ocular disorders and, 402t sexual, 1338b, 1342–1343, 1341t–1343t, 1732 for inflammation, 174t workplace, 1732 for wound healing, 181 Vira-A (vidarabine), for encephalitis, 1421 recommended intake of, 904, 903t Viral encephalitis, 1418t, 1419–1421 Vitamin B12, 631t Viral infections, 219t deficiency of cancer and, 245 anemia and, 641t, 643–644 Viral load, 222–223, 223f causes of, 643 Viral meningitis, 1418t, 1419 gastritis and, 963 Viral rhinitis, acute, 495–497 supplemental, 644 Virchow’s triad, 860, 860f Vitamin D Viread (tenofovir), for hepatitis, 1038–1039, 1039b in calcium metabolism, 1078 121 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

supplemental for venous thromboembolism, 863–864, 863t for hypocalcemia, 1147 preoperative management of, 317 for hypoparathyroidism, 1247 Warts, 431, 432t for osteoporosis prevention, 1595 genital, 1307–1308, 1307f, 1325–1326 Vitamin K, 896t plantar, 731, 431f, 432t, 1594t for cirrhosis, 1053t Wasp stings, 433–434, 434t, 1730 Vitiligo, 421, 421t, 422f Water. See also Fluid. Vitrectomy, 395 body, 281–282, 282f Vitreous humor, 366 Water deprivation test, 1184t–1187t in older adults, 367t Water exercise, for multiple sclerosis, 1467, 1470f Vocal cords, 470 Water-hammer pulse, 832–833 Voice prosthesis, 516, 516f Weakness Voice rehabilitation, after total laryngectomy, 516–517 in dying patient, 148t–149t Voiding. See Urinary elimination. in polymyositis/dermatomyositis, 1630 Voiding cystourethrogram, 1086t–1091t Weaning, ventilator, 1660b, 1667–1668, 1668t Voiding pressure flow study, 1086t–1091t Weber test, 380–381, 400t Volkmann’s ischemic contracture, 1564, 1564f Wedge lung resection, 548t Volume expanders, 343 Weight. See also Obesity. Volume ventilation, 1660. See also Mechanical ventilation. fluid imbalances and, 290 Volume-assured pressure ventilation, 1663 measurement of, 905 Volutrauma, 1665, 1714 Weight gain, in heart failure, 779, 785 Volvulus, 1008 Weight loss Vomiting, 940. See also Nausea and vomiting. for hypertension, 718 Vomitus, blood in, 623, 890t in heart failure, 779, 785 Von Willebrand’s disease, 657–661, 659t strategies for, 934–937 Von Willebrand’s factor, 619, 620f, 654 Weight Watchers, 930 VoSpire. See Albuterol. WelChol (colesevelam), 747t Votrient (pazopanib), for cancer, 269t–270t Wellness nursing diagnoses, 11–12 V/Q mismatch, 1695 Wenckebach heart block, 802t, 806, 806f in respiratory failure, 1700–1702 Wernicke’s aphasia, 1430t V/Q scan, 487t–488t Wernicke’s area, 1375, 1376t for pulmonary embolism, 554 Wernicke’s encephalopathy, 157–158 Vulva, 1261, 1261f West Nile virus infection, 218–220, 1419 cancer of, 1336. See also Reproductive cancers, female. Western biomedical model, vs. integrative health care model, 81, 82t surgery for, 1338 Wet dressings, 441–442 discharge from, 1271t Wet mount, 1327 disorders of, 1326–1327 Wheal-and-flare reactions, 201, 201t erythema of, 1271t Wheals, 418t lesions of, 1271t Wheezing, 479, 483, 484t–485t Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, 1336 in asthma, 566 Vulvectomy, 1336t, 1339 in COPD, 588 Vulvovaginal candidiasis, 1326–1327, 1326t Whipple procedure, 1067–1068, 1067f VX (chemical weapon), 1734t Whisper test, 379–380 Whispered pectoriloquy, 483, 484t–485t Whitaker study, 1086t–1090t W White blood cells. See Leukocyte(s). Waist circumference, obesity and, 921, 922t White coat hypertension, 720 Waist-to-hip ratio, 921 White lung, 1713, 1713f Wake behavior, 101 Whiteout, 1713, 1713f Waking up wild, 352–353 Whitmore-Jewett staging system, 1356, 1356t Walk test, 491–492 Whole medical systems, 82–83 Walkers, 1563 Whole-bowel irrigation, for poisoning, 1732 Walking. See also Activity and exercise. Whooping cough, 220t, 521 after amputation, 1574 Window period, 226 assistive devices for, 1563 Withdrawal, 153t coordinated, 604 alcohol, 160–161, 160t fractures and, 1563 postoperative, 353 in COPD, 604 caffeine, headache and, 320 postoperative, 352 definition of, 153t Warfarin (Coumadin) opioid, 133, 133t, 162 bleeding due to, 866 sedative-hypnotic, 162 drug interactions with, 863t, 864 stimulant, 160 for angina/acute coronary syndrome, 751t Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, 803 for atrial fibrillation, 804, 805t, 805b Women. See Gender differences. for pulmonary embolism, 555–556 Wood’s lamp examination, 423t for stroke, 1432, 1433 Workplace violence, 1732 Wound(s) 122 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition

black, 177, 178t, 181 kidney-ureter-bladder, 1086t–1090t classification of, 177, 178t Xylocaine (lidocaine) dressings for, 180–181, 181t for dysrhythmias, 809t hyperbaric oxygen for, 181–182 transdermal, 126, 128 hypertrophic, 179f, 179t Xyzal (levocetirizine), for allergic rhinitis, 496t–497t measurement of, 180f, 186 negative-pressure therapy for, 181 platelet-derived growth factor for, 182 Y red, 177, 178t, 180f Yellow jacket stings, 1730 surgical. See Incision(s). Yellow wounds, 177, 178t, 180 yellow, 177, 177t, 180–181 Yoga, 97b Wound contractures, 179t Young-old adults, 60 Wound culture, 183 Wound debridement, 176, 180–181, 182 Wound dehiscence, 179f, 179t, 357 Z Wound drainage, 180, 180f Wound evisceration, 179t Zafirlukast (Accolate) Wound healing, 175–177 for allergic rhinitis, 497t–497t by primary intention, 176, 176f, 180 for asthma, 571–572, 573t–574t by secondary intention, 176–177, 176f, 176 Zaleplon (Sonata), 104 by tertiary intention, 176f, 177 Zanamivir (Relenza), 500 complications of, 177, 179t Zantac (ranitidine), for upper GI bleeding, 960t delayed, 177, 178t Zaroxolyn (metolazone), for hypertension, 724t–725t nursing management of, 177 Zebeta (bisoprolol), for hypertension, 724t–725t nutrition and, 182–183 Zenapax (daclizumab), for transplantation, 214t, 215 postoperative, 345 Zenker’s diverticulum, 956, 956f regeneration in, 175–176, 175t Zeroing, 1643, 1645f repair in, 175–177 Zestril (lisinopril), for hypertension, 724t–727t Wound infections, 179t, 183 Zetia (ezetimibe), 747t Wound management, 177 Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan/yttrium-90) after dermatologic surgery, 442–443 for cancer, 269t–270t for bites, 1730 for Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 676 for burns, 457–458, 458f, 462for pressure ulcers, 185–186 Zileuton (Zyflo) patient teaching for, 183 for allergic rhinitis, 497t–498t postoperative, 357 for asthma, 571–572, 573t–574t psychologic aspects of, 183 Zinc, for colds, 488b–489b Wright’s stain, 423t Zithromax (azithromycin) Wrist for chlamydial infections, 1305, 1305t Colles’ fracture of, 1565 for gonorrhea, 1301–1303, 1302t, 1302b median nerve compression of, 1548, 1548f Zocor (simvastatin), 747t, 747b Wry neck, 1539t Zofran (ondansetron), for nausea and vomiting, 942 Wytensin (guanabenz), for hypertension, 724t–727t Zoladex (goserelin), for prostate cancer, 1539–1540, 1539t Zoledronic acid (Reclast, Zometa) for multiple myeloma, 678 X for osteoporosis, 1597 for Paget’s disease, 1597–1598 X Stop (interspinous process decompression system), 1590 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 966–967 Xalatan (latanoprost), for glaucoma, 399t–400t Zolpidem (Ambien), for insomnia, 104 Xanax (alprazolam), abuse of, 154t, 162 Zometa. See Zoledronic acid (Reclast, Zometa). Xeloda (capecitabine) Zonule, 366 for breast cancer, 1290 Zoonosis, 218 for colorectal cancer, 1014 Zovirax. See Acyclovir (Zovirax). Xenical (orlistat), 930 Z-technique, for wound specimens, 182 Xerostomia Zyban (bupropion), for smoking cessation, 155–156, 155b, 156t in Sjögren’s syndrome, 1631 Zydonel (hydrocodone), 124t radiation therapy and, 262t–263t, 265, 512 Zyflo (Zileuton) Xifaxin (rifaxamin), for cirrhosis, 1053t for allergic rhinitis, 497t–498t Xigris (drotrecogin alfa) for asthma, 471–472, 473t–474t for disseminated intravascular coagulation, 664 Zygomatic arch fractures, 1570–1571, 1570t for septic shock, 1686t–1687t, 1688–1689 Zygote intrafallopian transfer, 1315–1316 Xolair (omalizumab), for asthma, 572, 573t–574t Zyloprim (allopurinol), for gout, 1621–1622 Xopenex (levalbuterol), for asthma, 572, 573t–574t Zyrtec (cetirizine), for allergic rhinitis, 497t–498t X-ray studies abdominal, 891–892, 891t–894t chest. See Chest X-ray. in musculoskeletal disorders, 1540, 1540t–1541t in rheumatoid arthritis, 1613

123 Lewis’s Medical‐Surgical Nursing, 8th ed, Philippine edition