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Home , Cnidaria

Classification Stephen Taylor

Photo: © All rights reserved by Stephen Taylor i- at Flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sciencevideos/5664230154/ Living MRS GREN: Movement, , Sensitivity (to change), Growth, Reproduction, Excretion (of waste), Nutrition

Image from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification Living MRS GREN: Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity (to change), Growth, Reproduction, Excretion (of waste), Nutrition Three main ‘Domains’ in the of

Tree of life from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-domain_system

Image from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification Six Kingdoms from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology) Image from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification Some examples of Phyla we need to know

Kingdom Animalia • Porifera • Cnidaria • Platyhelminthes • Annelida • • Arthropoda

Kingdom Plantae ( phyla are better known as divisions) • Bryophyta • Filicinophyta • Coniferophyta • Angiospermophyta

Six Kingdoms from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology) Image from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification As we move down the taxonomic levels, groups become smaller and more closely related. For example, the Chordata includes the Classes: Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia.

Tree of life, from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree Image from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification Click here for full size. What’s the common name for this in your mother tongues?

manusia

Photo © Stephen Taylor Binomial Nomenclature “Two-name naming system” typed binomial names MUST be Homo sapiens italicized Genus name is species name is handwritten binomial names capitalized NEVER capitalized MUST be underlined If it has been used in your piece of work already, the name can be abbreviated to: H. sapiens (or H. sapiens)

Homo

sapiens

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature Photo © Stephen Taylor Binomial Nomenclature Carolus Linneus (Carl von Linné) 1707-1778

From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus Kingdom Phylum Family Genus species subspecies

Explore this interactive tool: how closely related are your two species? • What does the scale represent? • What is the effect of changing the scale? http://www.wellcometreeoflife.org/interactive

Images from wikipedia. Images from wikipedia. Images from wikipedia. “Anya and Doggie” by Stephen Taylor Images from wikipedia. Images from wikipedia. “Anya and Doggie” by Stephen Taylor Images from wikipedia. http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/fisheries/species-identification/shark-identification-guide http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/fisheries/species-identification/shark-identification-guide http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/fisheries/species-identification/shark-identification-guide http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/fisheries/species-identification/shark-identification-guide http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/fisheries/species-identification/shark-identification-guide http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/fisheries/species-identification/shark-identification-guide

Images from wikipedia. Design a dichotomous key that the other group can apply to correctly identify the species on their cards. Order: Araneae Order: Coleoptera proboscis antennae head fangs cephalothorax thorax legs abdomen wing casings Dichotomous Key: Spiders

1. Yellow stripes on abdomen Yes …………Argiope keyserlingi No: …………………………………. Q2

2. Brown body Yes: …………………………………. Q3 No: …………………………………. Q6

3. Abdomen much larger than cephalothorax Yes: ………… Loxosceles reclusa No: …………………………………. Q4

4. White stripe on abdomen Yes: ………… Hogna colinensis No: …………………………………. Q5

5. Dark dots on abdomen Yes: …………Heteropoda maxima No: ………… Tegenaria agrestis

6. Red mark on abdomen Yes: ………… Latrodectus tredecimguttatus No: …………… Q7

7. Red fangs Yes: …………… male Missulena bradleyi No: ……………female Missulena bradleyi Dichotomous Key: Beetles

1. Visible proboscis Yes …………………………………. Q2 No: …………………………………. Q3

2. Brown body Dark brown ……… Sitophilius granarius Light brown……… Anthonomus grandis

3. Striped wing case Yes: ……………………………….. Q4 No: …………………………………. Q5

4. Stripes are: Black / light-brown - Leptinotarsa decemlineata Black / white / brown – Leptinotarsa juncta

5. Wing casing is Red & spotted … Coccinella septempunctata Dark ……………….. Q6

6. Legs are: Dark, yellow antenna: Tragodendron fascilatum Yellow: …………………….. Q7

7. Yellow legs are adapted for: Walking: …………… Sphaerius acaroides Swimming: ………… Gyrinus natator Dichotomous Key: Beetles Dichotomous Key: Spiders

1. Visible proboscis 1. Yellow stripes on abdomen Yes …………………………………. Q2 Yes …………Argiope keyserlingi No: …………………………………. Q3 No: …………………………………. Q2

2. Brown body 2. Brown body Dark brown ……… Sitophilius granarius Yes: …………………………………. Q3 Light brown……… Anthonomus grandis No: …………………………………. Q6

3. Striped wing case 3. Abdomen much larger than cephalothorax Yes: ……………………………….. Q4 Yes: ………… Loxosceles reclusa No: …………………………………. Q5 No: …………………………………. Q4

4. Stripes are: 4. White stripe on abdomen Black / light-brown - Leptinotarsa decemlineata Yes: ………… Hogna colinensis Black / white / brown – Leptinotarsa juncta No: …………………………………. Q5

5. Wing casing is 5. Dark dots on abdomen Red & spotted … Coccinella septempunctata Yes: …………Heteropoda maxima Dark ……………….. Q6 No: ………… Tegenaria agrestis

6. Legs are: 6. Red mark on abdomen Dark, yellow antenna: Tragodendron fascilatum Yes: ………… Latrodectus tredecimguttatus Yellow: …………………….. Q7 No: …………… Q7

7. Yellow legs are adapted for: 7. Red fangs Walking: …………… Sphaerius acaroides Yes: …………… male Missulena bradleyi Swimming: ………… Gyrinus natator No: ……………female Missulena bradleyi Images from wikipedia. http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/fisheries/species-identification/shark-identification-guide http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/fisheries/species-identification/shark-identification-guide

Click on the images above to find out more about each division (phylum). Images from wikipedia. ()

3654846926 flickrcc.net Foundon

/photos/25898159@N07/ www.flickr.com Image: ENImage: 'MAGIA HYDRODICTYON' http://

None.

Vasculature: Vasculature:

Marine, freshwater, terrestrial. terrestrial. freshwater, Marine, Photosynthetic, small. small. Photosynthetic, Appearance: Appearance: Very simple, small . (under 50cm) Furry Appearance

Vasculature: None: bryophytes absorb moisture from their humid surroundings and have minimally specialised structures.

Reproduction: Spores released from stalk capsules (sporangia)

Image: 'White Branch Falls' Found on flickrcc.net http://www.flickr.com/photos/31246066@N04/5031218685 Vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) are transport networks to carry resources and waste around the plant.

This allows the plant to be bigger, with more specialised parts.

Image: 'Green Leaf' Found on flickrcc.net http://www.flickr.com/photos/47643206@N00/2209559360 Filicinophyta (ferns)

Appearance: Roots, leaves, short stems Max. height 15m. Leaves in section & may be curled up.

Vasculature: Xylem & Phloem Not woody.

Reproduction: Spores released sporangia Image: 'His Fingerprints' Found on flickrcc.net (capsules under the leaves) http://www.flickr.com/photos/46042146@N00/2401553287 Coniferophyta Appearance: Woody trees Leaves are needles Up to 100m

Vasculature: Xylem & Phloem

Woody

()

Reproduction: Female cones contain seeds

Image: I am in love with the green earth, Charles Lamb' Found on flickrcc.net

http://www.flickr.com/photos/31246066@N04/4573554416

Flowering Angiospermophyta plants

Appearance: Flowering plants Roots, stems, leaves Up to 100m.

Vasculature: Xylem & Phloem

Reproduction: Seeds dispersed through fruits.

Pollination through flowers. Photo by Stephen Taylor Distinguish between these phyla of plants.

Max. Appearance Reproduction Memorandum Size

Bryophyta ()

Filicinophyta (ferns)

Coniferophyta (conifers/pines)

Angiospermophyta (flowering plants) Distinguish between these phyla of plants.

Max. Appearance Reproduction Memorandum Size

Bryophyta Small, furry, no Spores, from Bryophyte vasculature. Cover rocks, 50cm sporangia on stalk = (mosses) trees, etc. in wet areas. capsules. Bit Phurry

Filicinophyta Filicinophyta Non-woody. Leaves in Spores, from sections, may be curled 15m sporangia under = (ferns) up. leaves. Ferns

Conifer Coniferophyta Woody trees with Seeds stored and needle-like leaves and 100m released from female = (conifers/pines) cones. cones. Cones

Spores, distributed Angiosperm Angiospermophyta Roots, stems and leaves. through fruits. 100m = Produce flowers. Flowers for (flowering plants) Pollen  flowers pollination. Click on the images above to find out more about each division (phylum). Images from wikipedia. Porifera () Symmetry None

Digestion No mouth or anus Filter food from currents

Segmentation None

Notes Pore = hole Attached to rocky surfaces

Image: 'remparts' Found on flickrcc.net http://www.flickr.com/photos/37071060@N06/3935753017 Symmetry Radial

Digestion Mouth, no anus

Segmentation None

Notes around mouth Many have stinging cells Cnidaria (jellies & anemones)

Image: 'jellies01' Found on flickrcc.net http://www.flickr.com/photos/16863501@N00/15711291

Image: ‘Clownfisch/ Anemonenfisch (cc)’ Found on flickrcc.net http://www.flickr.com/photos/45409431@N00/2039988461 Platyhelminthes ()

Symmetry Bilateral

Digestion Mouth, no anus

Segmentation None

Notes Ribbon-shaped Many are parasites

Image: 'Pseudoceros dimidiatus' Found on flickrcc.net http://www.flickr.com/photos/82825649@N00/438039243 Annelida (segmented worms)

Symmetry Bilateral

Digestion Notes Mouth & anus May be bristled

Segmentation Includes earthworms, leeches Yes – segmented Image from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alitta_virens

Annelida

(segmentedworms)

Image from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alitta_virens Mollusca

Symmetry Bilateral

Digestion Mouth & anus

Segmentation Not visibly

Notes Image: 'slow down' Found on flickrcc.net Hugely diverse group http://www.flickr.com/photos/72093892@N00/4153613907 Mollusca

Symmetry Bilateral

Digestion Mouth & anus

Segmentation Not visibly

Notes Image: 'Squid' Found on flickrcc.net Hugely diverse group http://www.flickr.com/photos/41059842@N03/8728416814 Arthropoda

Symmetry Bilateral

Digestion Mouth & anus

Segmentation Segmented, jointed

Notes Image: 'Out for a Stroll' Found on flickrcc.net http://www.flickr.com/photos/10676369@N07/3029291811 , joints Distinguish between these phyla of .

Symmetry Digestive Tract Segmentation Other Features Porifera (porous), Porifera No mouth or anus None None attached to rocks/ (filter feeders) (sponges) Cnidaria Tentacles around (jellies & Radial Mouth, no anus None mouth, may have anemones) stinging cells

Platyhelminthes Many flatworms are Bilateral Mouth, no anus None (flat worms) parasites

Annelida Highly Often bristly Bilateral Mouth & anus Includes earthworms (segmented worms) segmented and leeches

Very diverse, including Mollusca Bilateral Mouth & anus Not visible snails, squid

Exoskeletons Arthropoda Bilateral Mouth & anus Segmented Jointed limbs Distinguish between these phyla of invertebrates.

Symmetry Digestive Tract Segmentation Other Features Porifera (sponges) Cnidaria (jellies & anemones) Platyhelminthes (flat worms)

Annelida (segmented worms)

Mollusca

Arthropoda Dominoes: print 2-3 sets per group. Classification Dominoes

spares

• Groups of 2-4. • Each player needs a set of dominoes. • Put all the dominoes together & mix them up. • Deal out 6 dominoes per player. • The leftovers go in the ‘spare’ pile, face-down.

Playing The Game: 1. Take one ‘spare’ and place it face-up on the desk. 2. The first player to spot that they can connect one of their dominoes goes first. 3. Play continues clock-wise until all players have correctly used all their dominoes. 4. If you cannot place a domino correctly on your turn, take one of the spares. Play passes you.

Dichotomous Key Practice Practice with a partner and play ‘guess who’ with

the 10 phyla you need to know. • One partner picks a phylum at random 1. walls: • The other uses the key to deduce the answer. Present: …………..Kingdom Plantae go to Q2 • Check each others’ understanding. Not present: ……Kingdom Animalia go to Q5 • What other features can you remember about

2. Vasculature each phylum? Present: …………………………………………………Q3 Not present (too small): ………………………….Phylum Bryophyta

3. Reproduction: Spores in sporangia under leaves: ………….Phylum Filicinophyta Seeds …………………………………………………….. Q4

4. Seeds in: Female cones: ………………………………………. Phylum Coniferophyta Fruits: ……………………………………………………. Phylum Angiospermophyta

5. Symmetry: 7. Exoskeleton: None: …………Phylum Porifera Present: ………. Phylum Arthropoda Radial: …………Phylum Cnidaria Not present: .. Phylum Annelida Bilateral: ……..Q6

6. Segmentation 8. Digestive tract: Visible: ………………… Q7 Mouth, no anus: ………. Phylum Platyhelminthes Not visible: …………… Q8 Mouth & anus: .. ………. Phylum Mollusca

Dichotomous Key Practice Practice with a partner and play ‘guess who’ with

the 10 phyla you need to know. • One partner picks a phylum at random 1. Cell walls: • The other uses the key to deduce the answer. Present: …………..Kingdom Plantae go to Q2 • Check each others’ understanding. Not present: ……Kingdom Animalia go to Q5 • What other features can you remember about

2. Vasculature each phylum? Present: …………………………………………………Q3 Not present (too small): ………………………….Phylum Bryophyta

3. Reproduction: Spores in sporangia under leaves: ………….Phylum Filicinophyta Seeds …………………………………………………….. Q4

4. Seeds in: Female cones: ………………………………………. Phylum Coniferophyta Fruits: ……………………………………………………. Phylum Angiospermophyta

5. Symmetry: 7. Exoskeleton: None: …………Phylum Porifera Present: ………. Phylum Arthropoda Radial: …………Phylum Cnidaria Not present: .. Phylum Annelida Bilateral: ……..Q6

6. Segmentation 8. Digestive tract: Visible: ………………… Q7 Mouth, no anus: ………. Phylum Platyhelminthes Not visible: …………… Q8 Mouth & anus: .. ………. Phylum Mollusca