Aimee White Fagaceae Quercus macrocarpa “oak” “large carpel”

Burr Oak, Cup Oak, Mossycup Oak Distribution

USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, MT, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SD, TN, TX, VA, VT, WI, WV, WY CAN: AB, MB, NB, ON, QC, SK

Endangered in Connecticut and of Special Concern in Massachusetts Taxonomy

Kingdom Plantae -Plants Subkingdom Tracheobionta – Vascular plants Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants Division Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants Class Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons Subclass Hamamelididae Order Fagales Family Fagaceae – Beech family Genus Quercus L. -oak Species Quercus macrocarpa – Burr Oak General Information

• In the Beech family • deciduous • Zones A2, A3; 1-11, and 14-23 • Native to eastern North America • Named after its rather large acorns • White oak group • Freeze resistant to -38° F Culture

• Full sun-partial shade • Prefers drier soils but tolerates some moisture • Not pH sensitive • Drought, soil compaction, and pollution tolerant • Propagated by seeds • Active growth: spring- summer Problems

• No major known pest or disease problems • Does not transplant well in autumn • Large acorns can pose problems for understory plants, pedestrians and vehicles…so probably not the best street tree! Form • Large shade tree • Matures to 70’ tall and wide in urban environments….larger in native habitat

•Upright oval growth habit in youth, becoming rounded, spreading and massive with age •Slow to medium growth rate •Minimal surface roots Foliage

• dark green, alternate, strongly obovate, and deeply lobed • fall color is yellow- brown to chartreuse and usually poor

The large dark green leaf blade (about 10" long and 5" wide) is thick and leathery, having a lighter-colored underside that yields a more subtle bicolor in the breeze as compared to some other White Oak Group members, and is supported by a short yet stout petiole. Trunk

•Grooved/furrowed •Fire resistant Flowers and Fruit Flowers: Monoecious; male flowers are 2”-4” yellow-green, drooping, slender catkins; female flowers are green tinged in red and appear as single, short spikes, both appear shortly after the leaves. Fruit is a huge (1.5" long) oval acorn with a thick cap that is fringed at the lower end, covering almost the entire nut and matures in a single season Produces fruit up to 400 years! Usage • Good shade tree for large lawns, golf courses, parks, open fields, or naturalized areas, including areas that are very dry in summer • Strong bark makes the Burr Oak a valuable timber tree for beams, boards, railroad ties, furniture, and floors •Fuel wood • Habitat and sustenance for browsing animals • Climbing!!! Tree Appraisal Case # 1 Property: UC Davis Arboretum Date: 11/18/2008

Appraiser: Aimee White

1. Species: Quercus macrocarpa 2. Condition: [Roots (95%) + Trunk (95%) + Scaffold Branches (40%)] ÷ 3 = 77% 3. Trunk diameter: 47” in/cm 4. Location% = [Site: 90% + Contribution: 100% + Placement: 60%] ÷ 3 = 83.3% 5. Species rating: 90% 6. Replacement tree size (Trunk Area): 14.6 in²/cm²TAr 7. Replacement Tree Cost: $902.50 8. Installation Cost: $902.50 9. Installed Tree Cost: $1,805 10. Unit Tree Cost: $55 per in²/cm² 11. Appraised Trunk Area ((ATA)from table): 1430 in²/cm² 12. Appraised Tree Trunk Increase (ATTI): ATA (1430 in²/cm²) – TAr (14.6 in²/cm²) = 1415.4 in²/cm² 13. Basic Tree Cost: ATTI (1415.4 in²/cm²) x Unit Tree Cost ($55 per in²/cm²) + Installed Tree Cost ($1,805) = $79,652 14. Appraised Value: Basic Tree Cost ($79,652) x Species Rating (90%) x Condition (77%) x Location (83.3%) = $45,980.63 15. Appraised Value ~ $46,000 The End! References

USDA Natural Conservation Resources Service (NCRS). Plant Profile: Quercus macrocarpa. 27, Nov 2008. .

Virgina Tech, Department of Forestry. “Burr Oak.” 27 Nov, 2008. 2008. .

Western Garden. Kathleen Norris Brenzel. Sunset Publishing: Menalo Park, CA. 2007.