Freiberger Forschungshefte, C 511 Psf (14) 59 – 138 Freiberg, 2006
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Freiberger Forschungshefte, C 511 psf (14) 59 – 138 Freiberg, 2006 Families of the Cerithioidea and related superfamilies (Palaeo-Caenogastropoda; Mollusca) from the Triassic to the Recent characterized by protoconch morphology – including the description of new taxa by Klaus Bandel, Hamburg with 12 plates BANDEL, K. (2006): Families of the Cerithioidea and related superfamilies (Palaeo-Caenogastropoda; Mollusca) from the Triassic to the Recent characterized by protoconch morphology – including the description of new taxa. Paläontologie, Stratigraphie, Fazies (14), Freiberger Forschungshefte, C 511: 59–138; Freiberg. Keywords: Gastropoda, larval shell, taxonomy, Cerithioidea, Palaeo-Caenogastropoda Address: Prof. K. Bandel, Universität Hamburg, Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Bundesstraße 55, D–20146 Hamburg, Germany, email: [email protected]. Contents: Abstract Zusammenfassung 1 Introduction 2 Classification scheme within the Caenogastropoda Subclass Caenogastropoda COX, 1959, as emended by BANDEL (2002) Order Palaeo-Caenogastropoda BANDEL, 1993 3 Clade Cerithimorpha Superfamily Cerithioidea FLEMING, 1822 Family Cerithiidae FLEMING, 1822 Family Planaxidae GRAY, 1850 Subfamily Planaxinae GRAY, 1850 Subfamily Fossarinae A. ADAMS, 1860 Family Procerithiidae COSSMANN, 1906 Subfamily Procerithiinea COSSMANN, 1906 Subfamily Paracerithiinae COSSMANN, 1906 Subfamily Argyropezinae n. subfam. Family Maturifusidae GRÜNDEL, 2001 Family Ladinulidae BANDEL, 1992. Subfamily Kosmopleurinae GRÜNDEL, 2003 Family Glauconiidae PCHELINTSEV 1953 (= Cassiopidae KOLLMANN 1979) Family Bittiidae COSSMANN, 1906 Subfamily Bittiinae COSSMANN, 1906 Subfamily Finellinae THIELE, 1931 Subfamily Alabininae DALL, 1927 Subfamily Dialinae KAY, 1979 Subfamily Diastomatinae COSSMANN, 1894 Subfamily Probittiinae n. subfam. Family Scaliolidae JOUSSEAUME, 1912 Family Obtortionidae THIELE, 1925 Family Canterburyellidae BANDEL, GRÜNDEL & MAXWELL, 2001 Family Litiopidae, GRAY, 1847 (= Litiopidae FISCHER, 1885) Family Prisciophoridae BANDEL, GRÜNDEL & MAXWELL, 2001 Family Popenellidae BANDEL, 1992 Family Zardinellopsidae n. fam. Family Maoraxidae BANDEL, GRÜNDEL & MAXWELL, 2001 Family Melanopsidae H. & A. ADAMS, 1854 Family Modulidae P. FISCHER 1884 59 K. Bandel / Freiberger Forschungshefte C 511 – psf 14 (2006) 59 – 138 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Family Thiaridae GILL, 1871 Family Batillariidae THIELE, 1929 Subfamily Potamidinae H. & A. ADAMS, 1854 Subfamily Telescopiinae ALLEN, 1950 (?= Cerithideinae HOUBRICK, 1988) Family Pachymelaniidae BANDEL & KOWALKE, 1999 4 Cerithioidea of the fresh water with protoconch consisting of only the embryonic shell Family Pachychilidae P. FISCHER & CROSSE, 1892 Family Pleuroceridae P. FISCHER, 1885 Family Paludomidae STOLICZKA, 1868 with Pyrguliferidae DELPEY, 1941 Family Paramelaniidae MOORE, 1898 (= THIELE, 1925), and Paludomidae STOLICZKA, 1868 with Pyrguliferidae DELPEY, 1941 Family Juramelanatriidae n. fam. 5 Clade Turritellimorpha Superfamily Turritelloidea Lovén, 1847 Family Turritellidae LOVEN, 1847 Family Vermiculariidae DALL, 1913 Family Styliferinidae BANDEL, 1992 6 Clade Murchisonimorpha Superfamily Orthonematoidea NÜTZEL & BANDEL, 2000 (= Orthonemoidea) Family Orthonematidae NÜTZEL & BANDEL, 2001 7 Clade Campanilimorpha Superfamily Campaniloidea DOUVILLÉ, 1904 Family Campanilidae DOUVILLÉ, 1904 Family Metacerithiidae COSSMANN, 1906 Family Settsassiidae BANDEL, 1992 Family Plesiotrochidae HOUBRICK, 1990 Family Trypanaxidae GOUGEROT & LE RENARD, 1987 Superfamily Ampullinoidea COSSMANN, 1919 Family Ampullinidae COSSMANN, 1919 Subfamily Falorininae n. subfam. Subfamily Ampullospirinae COX, 1930) Subfamily Pseudamaurinae KOWALKE & BANDEL, 1996 Subfamily Ampullininae Cossmann, 1919 Subfamily Globulariinae WENZ, 1941 8 Clade Vermetimorpha Superfamily Vermetoidea RAFINESQUE, 1815 Family Vermetidae RAFINESQUE, 1815 Subfamily Vermetinae RAFINESQUE, 1815 Subfamily Laxispirinae n. subfam. Subfamily Dendropomatinae BANDEL & KOWALKE, 1997 Family Sakarahellidae n. fam. with possible relation to Pseudoschwartziella n. gen. Family Siliquariidae ANTON, 1838 (= Tenagodidae MALATESTA, 1974) Subfamily Siliquariinae ANTON, 1838 (= Tenagodidae MALATESTA, 1974) Subfamily Stephopominae BANDEL & KOWALKE, 1997 Family Provannidae WARÉN & PONDER, 1991 9 Literature Abstract Morphology and ornament of the larval shell of Caenogastropoda is similar within groups of related species or genera but can not characterize all families that have been distinguished by their anatomy. Among fossil groups recognized to represent families of the Cerithimorpha according to the morphology of their shell, some display close relation to living species, while others are difficult to connect to a modern family. Fossil species of the Caenogastropoda without larval shell as part of the protoconch or with the protoconch not known are usually difficult to place into the taxonomic system due to much convergence in regard to the shape of their teleoconch. The Procerithiidae are interpreted to still exist in the Argyropezinae n. subfam., and have with the Paracerithiinae with relatively large protoconch and three spiral lines, and possibly also the Maturifusidae with very large protoconch distinct fossil groups. Ladinulidae among them Piazella n. gen. may connect Procerithiidae with modern Cerithiidae and Planaxidae and their protoconch unites them with the Jurassic Kosmopleurinae and its 60 Families of the Cerithioidea and related superfamilies (Palaeo-Caenogastropoda; Mollusca) from the Triassic to the Recent … _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Triassic genus Gusellella n. gen. Bittiidae can be interpreted as taxon uniting a group of families with small sized Cerithioidea with short and little ornamented protoconch. They may be related to the fossil Probittiinae with Probittium n. gen. from Madagascar. Jurassic Maoraxidae with axially and spirally ornamented protoconch may be related to modern Litiopidae, Canterburyellidae with axial ornament of the larval shell could be related with modern Obtortionidae and Triassic Popenellidae. The Zardinellopsidae n. fam. have a characteristic ornament of their larval shell that is also found on the spiny Cortinellopsis n. gen. Even though Melanopsidae can be traced far back in time their relation to other Cerithioidea is difficult since no well preserved larval shell is known. Cretaceous Glauconiidae could be related to the Triassic Ladinulidae as well as the modern Telecopiinae. Modern Modulidae have a protoconch resembling that of the Triassic Modulostylina n. gen. that is transitional to the Coelostylinidae of the Triassic. The Potamididae, which are in part based on a fossil species and therefore distinguished into Potamidinae and Telecopiinae. Pachymelaniidae can be traced with confidence to the Eocene. The history of the fresh water groups is difficult to trace over long distance of time and for fossils among them the fossil Juramelanatriidae n. fam. are suggested. Within the units of the Turritellimorpha protoconch morphology presents evidence for convergent evolution within the group. The larval shell of Turritella closely resembles that of the tiny Styliferinidae, and it connects both groups. Spirostyliferina n. gen resembles Styliferina but has quite different protoconch. Paleozoic Murchisonimorpha still have a Triassic representative in Cheilotomona and may continue in the Campanilimorpha. Only one species of Campanile and few species of Plesiotrochus represent a larger unit of which Metacerithium and Sakarahina n. gen. are interpreted as fossil representatives of related families. The Ampullinidae have only the one surviving species with Globularia fluctuata and that has only the embryonic shell, but the protoconch of the family is characteristic in fossil species. Falorininae n. subfam. based on the Triassic Falorina n. gen. may connect to Sakarahina which connect the Jurassic Ampullospirinae with Cretaceous Pseudamaurinae and Ampulliniae from the Paleogene. Vermetimorpha occur first in the Cretaceous with Vermetinae and Laxispirinae n. subfam. The protoconch of the Dendropomatinae could connect them with the not vermetiform Provannidae, and that of Jurassic Sakarahellina n. gen. and modern Pseudoschwartziella n. gen. could connect with the Cerithiovermetus n. gen. group. In the Siliquariidae, the Stephopominae and Siliquariinae have very different protoconch shape and may have quite and independent history from each other. Zusammenfassung Innerhalb verwandter Gruppen von Arten und Gattungen der Caenogastropoda sind Gestalt und Ornament der Larvenschale oft einander ähnlich. Sie können jedoch nicht alle jene Familien der Cerithimorpha voneinander trennen, die auf Grund ihrer Anatomie unterscheidbar sind. Unter den fossilen Gruppen, die auf Grund der Ähnlichkeit ihrer Schale den Status einer Familie erhalten haben, gibt es einige, die noch eng mit heute lebenden Arten verknüpft sind, während bei anderen eine solche Beziehung nicht mehr ohne weiters ermittelt werden kann. Fossile Arten der Caenogastropoda mit Protoconch ohne Larvenschale oder unbekanntem Protoconch können nur mit großer Unsicherheit in das taxonomische Sytem eingefügt werden, denn Teleoconche sehr unterschiedlicher systematischer Gruppen sind einander oft sehr ähnlich und in ihrer Ausbildung konvergent. Von den Procerithiidae wird hier angenommen, daß von ihnen