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Kelimpahan Dan Keanekaragaman Gastropoda Di Perairan Desa Pengudang, Kabupaten Bintan

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Kelimpahan Dan Keanekaragaman Gastropoda Di Perairan Desa Pengudang, Kabupaten Bintan KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN GASTROPODA DI PERAIRAN DESA PENGUDANG, KABUPATEN BINTAN Faisyal Febrian, [email protected] Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan FIKP-UMRAH Arief Pratomo, ST, M.Si Dosen Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan FIKP-UMRAH Dr. Febrianti Lestari, S.Si, M.Si Dosen Jurusan Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan FIKP-UMRAH ABSTRAK Febrian, Faisyal.2016.Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Gastropoda di Perairan Desa Pengudang, Kabupaten Bintan, Skripsi. Tanjungpinang: Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Ilmu kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji. Pembimbing I: Arief Pratomo, ST. M.Si. Pembimbing II: Dr. Febrianti Lestari, S.Si, M.Si. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2016. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kawasan litoral perairan Desa Pengudang, Kecamatan Teluk Bintan, Kabupaten Bintan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2016. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kawasan litoral perairan Desa Pengudang, Kecamatan Teluk Bintan, Kabupaten Bintan. Dijumpai sebanyak 17 jenis Gastropoda kelimpahan sebesar 40,03ind/m2. Keanekaragaman spesies Gastropoda dengan kondisi keanekaragaman “sedang”. Indeks keseragaman jenis Gastropoda tergolong keseragaman yang tinggi, sedangkan keseragamannya tergolong “sedang”. Untuk indeks dominansi Gastropoda tergolong pada nilai dominansi “rendah”. Kata kunci :Gastropoda, Keanekaragaman, kelimpahan,DesaPengudang. ABSTRACT Febrian Faisyal.2016. Density and Diversity of Gastropods in Coastal Water Pengudang, Bintan regency, Thesis. Tanjungpinang: Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Maritime University of Raja Ali Haji. Supervisor I: AriefPratomo, ST. M.Sc. Supervisor II: Dr. Febrianti Lestari, S.Si, M.Sc. This study was conducted in March and May 2016. The study was conducted in the littoral region waters Pengudang village, TelukBintan, Bintan regency. This study was conducted in March and May 2016. The study was conducted in the littoral region waters Pengudang village, TelukBintan, Bintan regency. Found as many as 17 kinds of gastropod abundance of 40.03 ind / m2. Gastropod species diversity with diversity condition of "being". Uniformity index types of gastropods at relatively high uniformity, while uniformity classified as "moderate". Gastropod for dominance index value belonging to the dominance of "low". Key words: gastropods, diversity, abundance, Pengudang village. PENDAHULUAN METODE A. Latar belakang A. Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian Gastropoda merupakan siput Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada penghuni perairan dengan dasar perairan bulan Maret hingga Mei 2016. Penelitian ini halus dan beradaptasi sebagai peliang. Kaki dilakukan pada kawasan litoral perairan depan Polinices disebut propodium Desa Pengudang, Kecamatan Teluk Bintan, berfungsi untuk menggali substrat pasir. Kabupaten Bintan, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Beberapa siput yang hidup sessile, melekat Peta lokasi penelitian dapat dilihat pada pada spons atau batu, kakinya mengecil. gambar. Pada jenis pelagis seperti Limacina dan Carinaria, kaki mengalami modifikasi menjadi sirip untuk berenang disebut parapodia, dan siput berenang terbalik (Suwignyo.dkk, 2005). Gastropoda adalah hewan dasar yang memanfaatkan bahan organik sebagai sumber makanan dan bersifat menyaring substrat (filter feeder). Keberadaannya atau sebarannya banyak dijumpai pada kawasan litoral yaitu kawasan yang dipengaruhi oleh aktifitas pasang surut air laut. Perairan Pulau Bintan memiliki potensi Gastropoda yang berlimpah. Kondisi ini didukung oleh ketersediaan habitat B. Prosedur Penelitian ataupun ekosistem yang baik sebagai tempat Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hidup, pemijahan, serta pengasuhan biota survei yang dilakukan secara langsung pada Gastropoda. Beberapa jenis biota ini ada objek yang diteliti tanpa ada perlakuan yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat dan khusus. Data yang digunakan dalam memiliki penyebaran yang luas di sekitar penelitian ini meliputi data primer dan data perairan Bintan. sekunder. Data primer adalah data utama Pada kawasan litoral perairan Desa yang diambil secara langsung oleh peneliti Pengudang Kabupaten Bintan ditumbuhi meliputi data jenis dan jumlah Gastropoda, vegetasi lamun yang juga menjadi habitat data substrat, serta data kondisi fisika kimia bagi biota Gastropoda. Berdasarkan hasil perairan. Sedangkan data sekunder yang penelitian Wati (2013), kelimpahan total digunakan sebagai data pendukung Gastropoda sebesar 17.56 ind/m2, dengan didapatkan dari instansi terkait, penelitian nilai keanekaragaman Gastropoda pada terdahulu, jurnal, abstrak, laporan kegiatan perairan Desa Pengudang berkisar antara serta sumber lain yang relevan dan 1.80 – 2.09. Kisaran nilai tersebut berhubungan. menggambarkan bahwa komunitas Gastropoda di Desa Pengudang dapat 1. Penentuan Stasiun Pengamatan dikategorikan memiliki keanekaragaman Penentuan titik pengamatan yang sedang. didasarkan atas pertimbangan secara Oleh karena itu untuk melihat purposive sampling dengan perbedaan perubahan kondisi habitat pada kawasan aktifitas yang ada. litoral Desa Pengudang melalui keberadaan Gastropoda maka mendorong peneliti untuk 2. Pengamatan Gastropoda melakukan penelitian terkait Kelimpahan Pengamatan Gastropoda dilakukan dan Keanekaragaman Gastropoda di perairan pada area pasang surut pada kawasan zona Desa Pengudang Kabupaten Bintan pada litoral (pasang tertinggi dan surut terendah). saat ini. Pengamatan Gastropoda dilakukan dengan mengunakan line transek sepanjang 50 meter dan diletakkan plot dengan ukuiran 1 x 1 meter dengan jarak 10 meter dari satu plot ke plot lainnya dan satu transek ke transek dan Ph dilakukan dengan ulangan pagi, lainnya sejauh 20 meter. Konsep/gambaran siang, dan sore. transek pengamatan dapat dilihat pada gambar. F. Pengolahan Data 1. KelimpahanGastropoda Kelimpahan individu gastropoda mengacu pada rumus kelimpahan menurut Fahrul (2007) yaitu: Ki = Ni /A Keterangan: Ki : kelimpahan jenis (ind/m2) Ni : Jumlah spesies jenis ke-i (ind) A : luas area pengamatan (m2) 2. Keanekaragaman Jenis Gastropoda 3. Pengambilan Sampel Gastropoda Keanekaragaman menggambarkan Pengambilan sampel Gastropoda jumlah individu jenis dan penyebaran dilakukan pada kawasan zona litoral pada individu menggunakan indeks Shannon – saat surut dengan mengambil Gastropoda Wiener (Bengen, 2000) yaitu: yang berada pada permukaan substrat dan di dalam substrat sampai sedalam 5 cm (Syari,2005). Pengambilan sampel ∑ ( ) Gastropoda menggunakan plot 1 x 1 meter dengan menaruhnya pada kantong sampel Keterangan : dan dibedakan pada setiap plotnya. H’ : Indeks Keanekaragaman Pengambilan dilakukan secara langsung ni : jumlah individu jenis ke-i dengan tangan. N : Jumlah seluruh jenis 4. IdentifikasiJenis Gastropoda Contoh Gastropoda yang sudah Dengan nilai : diawetkan, dilakukan identifikasi untuk Nilai H’ > 3 keanekaragaman spesies tinggi mengetahui jenis Gastropoda yang Nilai H’ 1 ≤ H’ ≤ 3 keanekaragaman spesies ditemukan. Identifikasi dilakukan dengan sedang melihat bentuk cangkang, warna, corak dan Nilai H’ < 1 keanekaragaman spesies rendah jumlah putaran cangkang. Setiap jenis yang ditemukan dicocokan karakteristik 3. Indeks Keseragaman morfologinya dengan melihat pada web Equabilitas atau keseragaman identifikasi biota. Web identifikasi yang adalah penyebaran individu antar spesies digunakan antara lain yaitu : yang berbeda dan diperoleh dari hubungan http://www.marinespecies.com , dan antara keanekaragaman (H’) dengan http://www.seashellhub.com. keanekaragaman maksimum dengan menggunakan rumus menurut Bengen E. Pengukuran Parameter Fisika- (2000) yaitu: Kimia Perairan E = Pengukuran parameter kualitas air dilakukan sebagai data pendukung dalam Dimana : menggambarkan kondisi perairan pada E = Indekskeseragaman lokasi penelitian. Pengukuran parameter H’= Indekskeanekaragaman perairan yang dilakukan adalah suhu, S = JumlahJenis salinitas, kecepatan arus, pH, DO. Pengujian juga dilakukan dengan Pengukuran kualitas perairan dilakuan pendugaan indeks keseragaman (E), dimana sebanyak 3x pengulangan.Untuk pengukuran semakin besar nilai E menunjukkan Kualitas perairan yang meliputi Salinitas dan kelimpahan yang hampir seragam dan Kecepatan arus dilakukan pada saat pasang merata antar jenis) .Indeks keseragaman dan surut, sedangkan pengukuran Suhu, DO, berkisar antara 0-1. Bila indeks keseragaman kurang dari 0,4 maka ekosistem tersebut dari Desa Berakit. Dengan luas wilayah berada dalam kondisi tertekan dan Desa Pengudang 54 Km2, terdiri dari 7 RT,3 mempunyai keseragaman rendah. Jika RW dan 2 Dusun. Desa pengudang indeks keseragaman antara 0,4 sampai 0,6 Kecamatan Teluk Sebong Kabupaten Bintan maka ekosistem tersebut pada kondisi Kepulauan Riau memiliki batasan wilayah kurang stabil dan mempunyai keseragaman yang Administratif sebagai berikut : sedang. Jika indeks keseragaman lebih dari 0,6 maka ekosistem tersebut dalam kondisi - Sebelah Utara : stabil dan mempunyai keseragaman tinggi Berbatasan dengan Laut (Syari, 2005). Cina Selatan 4. Indeks Dominansi - Sebelah Selatan : Rumus indeks dominansi Simpson Berbatasan dengan Desa (c) menurut Margalef (1958) dalam Toapaya Utara Setyobudiandi (2009) yaitu : - Sebelah Barat : Berbatasan dengan Desa C = ∑ ( ) Sri Bintan Dimana : - Sebelah Timur : C = Indeks dominansi Simpson Berbatasan dengan Desa Ni =Jumlahindividuspesieske-i Berakit N = Jumlahindividuseluruhspesies Desa Pengudang merupakan Desa yang Nilai dari indeks dominansi Simpson berada di Pulau Bintan dan berbatasan memberikan gambaran tentang dominasi langsung dengan Laut Cina Selatan di organisme dalam suatu
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