DOCSLIB.ORG

The Ecological Life History and Feeding Biology of Batillaria Zonalis (Bruguière)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Ecological Life History and Feeding Biology of Batillaria Zonalis (Bruguière) University of the Pacific Scholarly Commons University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 1972 The ecological life history and feeding biology of Batillaria zonalis (Bruguière) Robert Bruce Whitlatch University of the Pacific Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds Part of the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Whitlatch, Robert Bruce. (1972). The ecological life history and feeding biology of Batillaria zonalis (Bruguière). University of the Pacific, Thesis. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/416 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 'l'HE 'l!:COI..OOICJ.L L!F'E HISTORY AND F'E'.;."!UNC BIOUX:Y OF' JU;'l'ILY.ARJA &lli\tJJ! ( ERUGUIERE) I I A Thesis ! r l Uni YEl1'lli ty of the Pacific: j In 1-'"atial F'l:tlfillment ~tar of Science --~--. This thesis, written and submitted by Robert Bruce Whitlatch is approved for recommendation to the Committee on Graduate Studies, University of the Pacific. Department Chairman or Dean: Thesis Committee: /4Mt tfl~· Chairman w.. j)/1 f~ Dated'------------------------------------- I would sincerely Uke to thank Dr, Steven Obt'el:m<ld for ali the helpful suggestions a;Jd constant encouragement that he gave me dur:lne all phases of this roseat)(lh and JTI\f two year stay at the Pae:!.fie Marine Station, He ahrays "madel'' time to listen to my problee am was will~ ing to generate itlformat:l. ve diacnss:l.orus to solve them, I wish to tha..'lk !lim for the use of the \lang computer and his program U bra.:cy • . aids that made analyzing the data much easier, I am grateful for the s\lggestions that D't'S, E,H, Smith, W,J3, Gladfelter, and J ,A, Blake made concerning this manuscript, Dr, R,G, Jo!L'!Son gave info:t'lilative suggestions. eoneernirlg the initial stages of the resea'X!h on the feooing biology of the g-<~Stropods, duri¥1g Jil\l'll'.ll.:r.y 1971! A•. ~:, Hajek for her unpublished de;ta an the trem- a.tooe parasi.tes of ~-11:!J£l:ias and S, Ho.ffman for hls help in photo·· gntph:!.ng a!W. printi:r.g many of the figures, Ann-·""'las it trudging through the Jl!lU'Shes and typir;g the :manuscr'i pt or tnl.G it cm.rulll!!l-m,:x and ~rine • • • ohe wh<!.t a dif.ferenoe ~rou ilave made • • • ?:'Ji.BL!il Q~' CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGE!o!ENTS 111 • • • •• . ~ • • • • • • • • • • •• LIST OF TA1J1..ES • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ~ • • • • • • • • • LIS1' OF FIGURES, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ix I INTRODUC'I'It\N • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • l , HAlliTAT. ·' , • • • - • • • 8 • • • • • • • " ... ' . METHODS AND !fill. TEIUALS. , • • • • • • • 19 I GENERAL BIOLOGY, , , 20 • • • • • • • • ' . • • • • • DISPERSIO!\l . .. • • • • ~ 8 ' . 0 • • " • • . ' • • • • • GROl/Tl! , , • 0 • ;a • • • • • . ' . -D " . ' • • • ' . ' . • • I }larked Individual Animals . ' . ' ••• I REPRODUGTION AN'u RECRUIT!1ENT , • " , I PREDA'I'OHS AND PARASITES 0~' ~'l;M.i'!.11\. , , , , , , , , , ., , , • PO'P.ULATION ABUNDANCE Al'lD AGJ\J-S'l'RUC'TURE , • • • • • Walker Creeka Station..'! 1, 2. ani :; , , •• , • , , , , , , 67 Stations 4 and 5 , c tl .. .. • • 68 l~illert.om Millert.ons . ~ • • • ' . 93 Selecttv:l.ty , • • 93 • • • • . '. "' 0 $ • " • • . ' 95 • • 95 SPECIES :UJVJ,;HSI1'Y, , , , , . ' • • v STABILI1~ IN NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS, , , , • • • • 109 GENERAL FAC1'0RS LIIUTING THE GROWTH OF POPu:t.ATit1NS , ' . • • • 11.5 Environmental Preclictab111ty, , • , , , , , , • • • , , , • 116 Predictability of Food., , • • • •• . " • • • • . .. 117 Salt Marsh Anil!la.1 Feeding St.rategies. and. Community Stab- .llity, ••••• ~ • • . ~ .. ? • • Sl.Jlt!MARY • , $ ~ • • • • • • • • • • • e ~ • • • • • • • ' . LITERA'l'URE CITf'J'J , • • to • .J $ •• ~ • • • Ill " • • • • • APPENDIX A - ESTII1ATES OF' THE NEGATIVE BIN011IAI, PARii~IETJt"R k, • • - APPENDIX B - ESTIMA'flJS OF MEAN CROW!llNG AND PATCHINESS , , , • • I 1 LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE I, Percentages of Total Marsh Area Between Successive Con• tour Intervals , , • , , , • e • • • e e e • • • • • • • 7 II. Distribution of Marsh Plitnts in the Tomales Bay Salt l~arsh. • • ,• • • • • 1o • • • • • • • to ,0 lfl • • • • • * !l 8 III. Neasuremants of Surface Sediment and Wa·ter Temp&mtuxes ------ in the Sampling Areas of ~lalker Creek ani Millerton, ' ' 9 IV, Cx' a Coefficient of Aggregation, Walker Creek , , , , , , )1 v. ex• a Coefficient of Aggregation, Millerton, :• • , , , , , 32 VI, Variance/mean Ratios, Walker Creek • • • • • :n VII, Va:d.ance/mean Ratios, H:tlJ.erton, , • • • • • • • • • • ' . )4 ; VIII, J at Walker ~'r'eek and Millert-on, • ,. • a & . ' 57 IX, Density }::Sti!o.ates of Juveniles Settling on tho Wallter Creek and Millerton Salt !l.arshes , , • , • • . ' . • • • x. Chi-square Analysis of the Sex Rat:l.os of Bat11J,g!.ri.;}.. • • • XI, Number and Percentage of Snails Stu•vi ving Desiccation at Nine Time Intervals • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ' • • 71 ; A·I. Estimates of the Negative.Binomial k for R"'ti}J,arl~. ' Station 1, Walker Creek,.,-, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 132 A-II, Estimates of the Negative Bino1uial k for~~~. Station 2 0 Walker Creek, , , , , • • • 133 A-III, Estimates of the Negative Binomial It for Batill'"x::j,~, Station 3. Walker C:t·eelt, , , , , e " o 11 t1 e O· 11 " .e • 111 A-IV, Estimates of the Negative Binomial k for ~i!ll~. • • • 1:35 A-V. Esti!liates of the Negative Binomial k for Bat"JJ,.alj.a• Station 5, Walker Creek, • , , , • • • • • • 0 ~ • • • • 136 A~VI, Estimates of the Negative Binomial k for~~~. Station 1, Mlllerton , , • • , , , , • , • • , • , ' . 137 A-VII, Estimates of the Neg-<ltive Binomial k for ~l.a;r.a, Station 2, Millerton • , , , , , • • • • • • • 0 • • • • 138 Station 3, Millerton , , • , , , • • • 139 A-IX. Estimates of the Negat1 ve Bin01nial k fo:r ~·p~l)JJ,J'_ia, Station 4, Mil~erton • , • , , , • • • · A-X, Es'c5.mates of the Negative Binomial k for ;r.-a~rla • Station 5, Millerton , , , , , , , , , , • , , , , • , , J.IH 1, Walker Creek, , • , , • • , • , , , • • , , , , , • , 147 ·B-II, Moment Estimates of Mean Crowding arrl Patchiness, Station 2, Walker Creek, , • , • @ • ft ~ • o • • o • e • ¢ • o Q 148 l:l-III, ~Joment Estimates of !1ean Crowding and Patchiness, Station. 3, Walke.r Creek, • , , B•IV, Homent F..stir~ate:;:: of Mean Cr~ding v.r.JJ. l'atehh1css, Stat:l.on . ' - . 4, Walker Creek, , , • • • o • o • o ~ e • • ~ . e • ~ * • B-V, Hommrt Estinw.tes of Mean Crowding andPatehiness 0 Station 5o Walker Creek, , , , e ~ • • & t & e c • • • w • • o • 1.51 B·VI, Moment Estimates of Mean Crowding and Patchiness. Station 1, Millerton , . ' . viii 13-VII, Mome!rt Estimates of 11ean Crowding and Patch1ne.'!ls 0 Sta.tlon 2 • Millerton , ~ • e • • • • o e i • • • a ~ • . • t • e • B-VIII, Moment Estimates of !1ean Crowding and Patchiness, Station :), Millerton , • -· • • • • • • • • • • • • • .• • • • 0 • 13-IX. Moment Estimates of Naan Crowding aoo Patchiness, Station 4 1 Millerton • 9 • • • ~ • • • • • 0 • • • • • . • • • • • 1.5.5 B-X, Mora-:~nt F.sti!\la.t~?.s oi' Mean Cr<llld1.ng and Patchiness, StaUon ----'------ 5. M:l.llerton , e 11 ' • 8 • • • • ~ • • ~ • • ~ • • ~ ~ • ll-XI. Monu:mt EstiP~ates of Mean Crowding and Pateh:tne:ss, Station 6• Millerton • • • • • • • • ' ~ • • • 8 ~ • • 8 • • • • LIS'!' OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1, Map of Tomales Bay, Oa.J.ifornia, _Depicting the Locations of the Salt Marshes Studied , , , , , , ~ . ~ . 10 2, Dlagramma.tic ~la.p of the Millerton Salt. Marsh lr.dicating the Position.~ of the Sampling LocaJ~ties , , , , • , , , , • . ' 11 the Positions of the Sampling Localities , , • , , o • e • • l2 4, D:lagxammatic l'!8.p of Millerton Salt Marsh Showing the Distribution of Different Plant Assemblages, •• , • • • • • 13 5, Diagrammatic ~la.p of Walker Creek Salt Marsh Shmring. the Dist:;:1.1mt:! .. on cf Different Pl:;u~t Ac:t>crablages, • , , , 14 • • • • - 6, ll';d;;:.r .and !lpr·&Y' Substra:t.e ~l'emper<~.tur.,s Taken At Walhr - C:r·eek, Station ), on December 160 197'0 , , , • , , , • • • • 15 ? , Water Temperature~:~ Taken at Walker Creek and Millerton Salt Ma:r:shes Ba-tween January 1971 and Ap:rll 1972. • • • 16 8, Average Monthly Air Temperatures Between Januaey 1971 arld May 1972 Compared with the 4-year J4onthly Mean 'fempera- tures, 1? • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • !' 9. Rair.f'all Occurring Betneen Ja.nuary 1971 and Yuay 19'12 Compe;red ;;;; with 4-year Grand. Monthly l1e.-.n F-airJfa.ll, , .;; .• • • • • • • • lB - 10, ·Histograms Showing the Frequency Illilices and RelaHve Dem;Hies Wa.J.ker Creek and Millerton • , , , ••• 23 11, F.stirnates. of Patchiness for .~i!.U.ll~.tl£!., St.ation 1 0 Walker C:r:eek. · , ~ • • , • It • • It • , If 6 • " " • * • • • • 0 • •• 35 ',,J.ko Creek, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 36 13. F.stima.tes of'. Patchiness. for ~:Ullm.!!, StaUon 3, Walker Creek, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 37 14, Size-frequency Distrtbutlons of Ba.tlllari!l, StaUonl, Walker Creek • • • • • • • • • • • ·• • • • • • • • • • • • • L~.J. 15. S!ze~f:requency Distributions of ~:till~:ri!!:o Station2, Walker Creek • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 42 16, Size-frequency Distributions of~. Station :3, Walker Creek • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·• • • • • • 43 I - 17. Size-frequency
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ecological Status of Pirenella Cingulata (Gmelin, 1791) (Gastropod
    Cibtech Journal of Zoology ISSN: 2319–3883 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/cjz.htm 2017 Vol. 6 (2) May-August, pp.10-16/Solanki et al. Research Article ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF PIRENELLA CINGULATA (GMELIN, 1791) (GASTROPOD: POTAMIDIDAE) IN MANGROVE HABITAT OF GHOGHA COAST, GULF OF KHAMBHAT, INDIA Devendra Solanki, Jignesh Kanejiya and *Bharatsinh Gohil Department of Life Sciences, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar 364 002 * Author for Correspondence ABSTRACT Studies on mangrove associated organisms were one of the old trends to studying mangrove ecosystems and their productivities. Seasonal status and movement of Pirenella cingulata according to habitat change studied from mangroves of Ghogha coast from December 2014 to November 2015. The maximum density (4.4/m2 area) of Pirenella cingulata reported during winter and lowest during monsoon (0.20/ m2 area). This mud snail was observed dependent on the mangrove during adverse climatic conditions during summer and monsoon seasons. Temperature and dissolved oxygen levels influence the density of P. cingulata. Keywords: Pirenella cingulata, Mangroves, Seasonal Conditions, Ghogha Coast INTRODUCTION Indo-West Pacific oceans are popular for the molluscan diversity, but despite more than two centuries of malacology, the basic knowledge about mangrove associated biota is still inadequate (Kiat, 2009). The mangroves are not only trees but itself an ecosystem comprises associated fauna, the biotope surrounded by the trees extensions like soil, stem, substrate, shade, tidal range etc., and are influential to the distribution of malacofauna (Lozouet and Plaziat, 2008). Indian coastline comprises three gulfs, namely Gulf of Kachchh and Gulf of Khambhat in west site while Gulf of Mannar in southeast side.
    [Show full text]
  • (Gastropoda: Batillariidae) from Elkhorn Slough, California, USA
    Mitochondrial DNA Part B Resources ISSN: (Print) 2380-2359 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tmdn20 The complete mitogenome of the invasive Japanese mud snail Batillaria attramentaria (Gastropoda: Batillariidae) from Elkhorn Slough, California, USA Hartnell College Genomics Group, Paulina Andrade, Lisbeth Arreola, Melissa Belnas, Estefania Bland, Araceli Castillo, Omar Cisneros, Valentin Contreras, Celeste Diaz, Kevin T. Do, Carlos Donate, Estevan Espinoza, Nathan Frater, Garry G. Gabriel, Eric A. Gomez, Gino F. Gonzalez, Myrka Gonzalez, Paola Guido, Dylan Guidotti, Mishell Guzman Espinoza, Ivan Haro, Javier Hernandez Lopez, Caden E. Hernandez, Karina Hernandez, Jazmin A. Hernandez-Salazar, Jeffery R. Hughey, Héctor Jácome-Sáenz, Luis A. Jimenez, Eli R. Kallison, Mylisa S. King, Luis J. Lazaro, Feifei Zhai Lorenzo, Isaac Madrigal, Savannah Madruga, Adrian J. Maldonado, Alexander M. Medina, Marcela Mendez-Molina, Ali Mendez, David Murillo Martinez, David Orozco, Juan Orozco, Ulises Ortiz, Jennifer M. Pantoja, Alejandra N. Ponce, Angel R. Ramirez, Israel Rangel, Eliza Rojas, Adriana Roque, Beatriz Rosas, Colt Rubbo, Justin A. Saldana, Elian Sanchez, Alicia Steinhardt, Maria O. Taveras Dina, Judith Torres, Silvestre Valdez-Mata, Valeria Vargas, Paola Vazquez, Michelle M. Vazquez, Irene Vidales, Frances L. Wong, Christian S. Zagal, Santiago Zamora & Jesus Zepeda Amador To cite this article: Hartnell College Genomics Group, Paulina Andrade, Lisbeth Arreola, Melissa Belnas, Estefania Bland, Araceli Castillo, Omar Cisneros, Valentin Contreras, Celeste Diaz, Kevin T. Do, Carlos Donate, Estevan Espinoza, Nathan Frater, Garry G. Gabriel, Eric A. Gomez, Gino F. Gonzalez, Myrka Gonzalez, Paola Guido, Dylan Guidotti, Mishell Guzman Espinoza, Ivan Haro, Javier Hernandez Lopez, Caden E. Hernandez, Karina Hernandez, Jazmin A.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineralogisch Museum Leiden”
    collection, a label of the former museum is retained for all registered specimens. The names of museum in the labels are “Rijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie”, “Rijksmuseum van Geologie Leiden”, or “Rijks Geologisch-Mineralogisch Museum Leiden”. Labels in Japanese letters: The limited number of specimens are accompanied by Japanese labels. In most cases, labels are directly pasted on specimens. Names are written in Katakana letters only (e.g. Fig. 1E) or both in Chinese and Katakana letters (e.g. Figs. 1B, 3C, 3F). Identification of a few specimens in Japanese label is different from current our recognition and interesting. “Ryôkotsu” in Figs. 3F and 3H means dragon bones, but they are actually fragments of molluscan shells and eroded mammalian bones, respectively. In China, fossil vertebrate bones are called “Longgu” which is written in the same Chinese characters as “Ryôkotsu” in Japan, and have been used as a crude medicine. “Mimizu-ishi” in Fig. 2E stands for an earthworm stone, and winding tubes on the rock are bore holes of boring bivalve (“Teredo” sp.) with interior lining. Other fossils were precisely identified at phylum or class level. Examples are fossil fish (“Sekigyo”: Fig. 1B), fossil of wood (“Moku-kwaseki”: Fig. 4A), stone clam (“Ishi-hamaguri”: Fig. 11A), and fossil of heart urchin (“Kaien-no-kwaseki”: Fig. 3A). Molluscan specimens in Siebold fossil collection The molluscs in the Siebold fossil collection consist of more than 40 species as described below (Figs. 5-14). This number, however, does not contain the shell fragments in sandstone (Figs. 1D-G, 2A). In the following accounts, the depository of the specimens is in the mineralogical collection in Naturalis, unless otherwise mentioned.
    [Show full text]
  • Bering Sea Marine Invasive Species Assessment Alaska Center for Conservation Science
    Bering Sea Marine Invasive Species Assessment Alaska Center for Conservation Science Scientific Name: Batillaria attramentaria Phylum Mollusca Common Name Japanese false cerith Class Gastropoda Order Neotaenioglossa Family Batillariidae Z:\GAP\NPRB Marine Invasives\NPRB_DB\SppMaps\BATATT.png 153 Final Rank 46.00 Data Deficiency: 12.50 Category Scores and Data Deficiencies Total Data Deficient Category Score Possible Points Distribution and Habitat: 12.25 23 7.50 Anthropogenic Influence: 6 10 0 Biological Characteristics: 17 25 5.00 Impacts: 5 30 0 Figure 1. Occurrence records for non-native species, and their geographic proximity to the Bering Sea. Ecoregions are based on the classification system by Spalding et al. (2007). Totals: 40.25 87.50 12.50 Occurrence record data source(s): NEMESIS and NAS databases. General Biological Information Tolerances and Thresholds Minimum Temperature (°C) -2 Minimum Salinity (ppt) 7 Maximum Temperature (°C) 40 Maximum Salinity (ppt) 33 Minimum Reproductive Temperature (°C) Minimum Reproductive Salinity (ppt) Maximum Reproductive Temperature (°C) Maximum Reproductive Salinity (ppt) Additional Notes Size of adult shells ranges from 10 to 34 mm. The shell is usually gray-brown, often with a white band below the suture, but can range from light brown to dirty-black. Historically introduced with the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, but in recent years, it has been found in areas where oysters are not cultivated. Nevertheless, its spread has been attributed to anthropogenic vectors rather than natural dispersal. Report updated on Wednesday, December 06, 2017 Page 1 of 13 1. Distribution and Habitat 1.1 Survival requirements - Water temperature Choice: Considerable overlap – A large area (>75%) of the Bering Sea has temperatures suitable for year-round survival Score: A 3.75 of High uncertainty? 3.75 Ranking Rationale: Background Information: Temperatures required for year-round survival occur over a large Based on its geographic distribution, B.
    [Show full text]
  • Kelimpahan Dan Keanekaragaman Gastropoda Di Perairan Desa Pengudang, Kabupaten Bintan
    KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN GASTROPODA DI PERAIRAN DESA PENGUDANG, KABUPATEN BINTAN Faisyal Febrian, [email protected] Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan FIKP-UMRAH Arief Pratomo, ST, M.Si Dosen Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan FIKP-UMRAH Dr. Febrianti Lestari, S.Si, M.Si Dosen Jurusan Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan FIKP-UMRAH ABSTRAK Febrian, Faisyal.2016.Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Gastropoda di Perairan Desa Pengudang, Kabupaten Bintan, Skripsi. Tanjungpinang: Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Ilmu kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji. Pembimbing I: Arief Pratomo, ST. M.Si. Pembimbing II: Dr. Febrianti Lestari, S.Si, M.Si. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2016. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kawasan litoral perairan Desa Pengudang, Kecamatan Teluk Bintan, Kabupaten Bintan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2016. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kawasan litoral perairan Desa Pengudang, Kecamatan Teluk Bintan, Kabupaten Bintan. Dijumpai sebanyak 17 jenis Gastropoda kelimpahan sebesar 40,03ind/m2. Keanekaragaman spesies Gastropoda dengan kondisi keanekaragaman “sedang”. Indeks keseragaman jenis Gastropoda tergolong keseragaman yang tinggi, sedangkan keseragamannya tergolong “sedang”. Untuk indeks dominansi Gastropoda tergolong pada nilai dominansi “rendah”. Kata kunci :Gastropoda, Keanekaragaman, kelimpahan,DesaPengudang. ABSTRACT Febrian Faisyal.2016. Density and Diversity of Gastropods in Coastal Water Pengudang, Bintan regency, Thesis. Tanjungpinang: Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Maritime University of Raja Ali Haji. Supervisor I: AriefPratomo, ST. M.Sc. Supervisor II: Dr. Febrianti Lestari, S.Si, M.Sc. This study was conducted in March and May 2016. The study was conducted in the littoral region waters Pengudang village, TelukBintan, Bintan regency. This study was conducted in March and May 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Protoconch Enlargement in Western Atlantic Turritelline Gastropod Species Following the Closure of the Central American Seaway
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) Faculty & Staff Scholarship 2019 Protoconch Enlargement in Western Atlantic Turritelline Gastropod Species Following the Closure of the Central American Seaway Stephanie Sang Dana Suzanne Friend Warren Douglas Allmon Brendan Matthew Anderson Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Geology Commons Received: 5 October 2018 | Revised: 12 February 2019 | Accepted: 1 March 2019 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5120 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Protoconch enlargement in Western Atlantic turritelline gastropod species following the closure of the Central American Seaway Stephanie Sang1,2 | Dana Suzanne Friend1,2 | Warren Douglas Allmon1,2 | Brendan Matthew Anderson1,2 1Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Snee Hall, Cornell University, Abstract Ithaca, New York The closure of the late Neogene interoceanic seaways between the Western Atlantic 2 Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, (WA) and Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP)—commonly referred to as the Central New York American Seaway—significantly decreased nutrient supply in the WA compared to Correspondence the TEP. In marine invertebrates, an increase in parental investment is expected to be Brendan Matthew Anderson, Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia selectively favored in nutrient‐poor marine environments as prolonged feeding in the University, Morgantown, WV. plankton becomes less reliable. Here, we examine turritelline gastropods, which were Email: [email protected] abundant and diverse across this region during the Neogene and serve as important Present Address paleoenvironmental proxies, and test whether species exhibit decreased planktotro‐ Stephanie Sang, Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, phy in the WA postclosure as compared to preclosure fossils and extant TEP species.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructional Morphology of Cerithiform Gastropods
    Paleontological Research, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 233–259, September 30, 2006 6 by the Palaeontological Society of Japan Constructional morphology of cerithiform gastropods JENNY SA¨ LGEBACK1 AND ENRICO SAVAZZI2 1Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Norbyva¨gen 22, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden 2Department of Palaeozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Present address: The Kyoto University Museum, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan (email: [email protected]) Received December 19, 2005; Revised manuscript accepted May 26, 2006 Abstract. Cerithiform gastropods possess high-spired shells with small apertures, anterior canals or si- nuses, and usually one or more spiral rows of tubercles, spines or nodes. This shell morphology occurs mostly within the superfamily Cerithioidea. Several morphologic characters of cerithiform shells are adap- tive within five broad functional areas: (1) defence from shell-peeling predators (external sculpture, pre- adult internal barriers, preadult varices, adult aperture) (2) burrowing and infaunal life (burrowing sculp- tures, bent and elongated inhalant adult siphon, plough-like adult outer lip, flattened dorsal region of last whorl), (3) clamping of the aperture onto a solid substrate (broad tangential adult aperture), (4) stabilisa- tion of the shell when epifaunal (broad adult outer lip and at least three types of swellings located on the left ventrolateral side of the last whorl in the adult stage), and (5) righting after accidental overturning (pro- jecting dorsal tubercles or varix on the last or penultimate whorl, in one instance accompanied by hollow ventral tubercles that are removed by abrasion against the substrate in the adult stage). Most of these char- acters are made feasible by determinate growth and a countdown ontogenetic programme.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantifying Geographic Variation in Physiological Performance to Address the Absence of Invading Species1
    12 (3): 358-365 (2005) Quantifying geographic variation in physiological performance to address the absence of invading species1 James E. BYERS, Department of Zoology, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Road, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: An estuarine snail (Batillaria attramentaria), introduced to northern California marshes, is displacing a native confamilial mudsnail (Cerithidea californica) through superior competition for shared, limiting food resources. Batillaria, however, is absent from similar marsh habitats in southern California. I tested whether regional-scale variation in relative performance (growth) of the snails may have influenced Batillaria’s invasion pattern. I quantified growth using RNA:DNA ratios (a growth index that I ground-truthed with direct growth measurements) for snails collected throughout their entire collective North American distribution. Batillaria exhibited a high growth rate that was more than double Cerithidea’s growth rate in sympatric populations. A broad-scale relationship of species’ growth rates against latitude projected an amply adequate growth rate for Batillaria in southern California where it is presently absent. Furthermore, growth rates of Cerithidea did not increase in southern California, suggesting that Batillaria would maintain its dramatic relative performance advantage. Thus, even if resources are limiting at southern latitudes, biotic resistance through competition with Cerithidea does not explain Batillaria’s absence. Among alternative, untested hypotheses for Batillaria’s absence, insufficient propagule inoculation has strongest support. Because transplant experiments with nonindigenous species are unethical, examination of species’ performance over geographic scales provides a powerful alternative approach for invasion studies. Keywords: estuaries, exotic species, exploitative competition, invasibility, latitudinal gradients, macroecology, nonindigenous species, RNA:DNA ratios.
    [Show full text]
  • 2006-2007 Intertidal Reef Biodiversity on Kangaroo
    2006-2007 Kangaroo Island Natural Resources Management Board INTERTIDAL REEF BIODIVERSITY Intertidal Reef Biodiversity on Kangaroo Island – 2007 ON KANGAROO ISLAND 1 INTERTIDAL REEF BIODIVERSITY ON KANGAROO ISLAND Oceans of Blue: Coast, Estuarine and Marine Monitoring Program A report prepared for the Kangaroo Island Natural Resources Management Board by Kirsten Benkendorff Martine Kinloch Daniel Brock June 2007 2006-2007 Kangaroo Island Natural Resources Management Board Intertidal Reef Biodiversity on Kangaroo Island – 2007 2 Oceans of Blue The views expressed and the conclusions reached in this report are those of the author and not necessarily those of persons consulted. The Kangaroo Island Natural Resources Management Board shall not be responsible in any way whatsoever to any person who relies in whole or in part on the contents of this report. Project Officer Contact Details Martine Kinloch Coast and Marine Program Manager Kangaroo Island Natural Resources Management Board PO Box 665 Kingscote SA 5223 Phone: (08) 8553 4980 Fax: (08) 8553 0122 Email: [email protected] Kangaroo Island Natural Resources Management Board Contact Details Jeanette Gellard General Manager PO Box 665 Kingscote SA 5223 Phone: (08) 8553 0111 Fax: (08) 8553 0122 Email: [email protected] © Kangaroo Island Natural Resources Management Board This document may be reproduced in whole or part for the purpose of study or training, subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source and to its not being used for commercial purposes or sale. Reproduction for purposes other than those given above requires the prior written permission of the Kangaroo Island Natural Resources Management Board.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Performance and Possible Origin of a Ubiquitous but Under-Studied Gastropod
    Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 87 (2010) 501e509 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecss Ecological performance and possible origin of a ubiquitous but under-studied gastropod Mad S. Thomsen a,b,*, Thomas Wernberg b,c, Fernando Tuya b,d, Brian R. Silliman e a Marine Department, National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, PO. Box 4000, Roskilde, Denmark b Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup Drive, 6017 Western Australia, Australia c School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Hackett Drive, Crawley 6009 WA, Australia d BIOGES, University of Las Palmas de G.C., 35017, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain e Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32609, USA article info abstract Article history: Invasions by non-indigenous species (NIS) have been suggested to alter local, regional and global biota on Received 6 October 2009 unprecedented scales. To manage NIS, it is pivotal to identify whether a species is introduced or native, Accepted 19 February 2010 but even today the geographical origin of thousands of species worldwide remain uncertain. Most of Available online 16 March 2010 these ‘cryptogenic species’ are inconspicuous and rare, but in a few instances, they can also be abundant and conspicuous species, with large impacts on community structure. The identification of cryptogenic Keywords: species, and summarizing information on their most likely origin, is an important task in invasion Batillaria australis biology, and can highlight the need for research and management. Here, we document that the uncertain origin shell-producer gastropod Batillaria australis in the Swan River estuary (Perth, Western Australia) is a conspicuous species habitat-former/modifier of uncertain origin.
    [Show full text]
  • General Features of Chusan, with Remarks on the Flora and Fauna of That Island
    % ^ (r. N I. It A 1. ri. A 11 n I. C II U S A N, \VI I H II KM \UKS ON rilK FLORA AM) FAUNA OF Til \T ISLAND ]U THEODORK CANTOR, M.D. RK.NOAL MRDirAL SKRVICP.. [From tkf AsNu.ii and Maoazinf. of Natural Histokv, vol. is. ^HW VOKK uotamcal LON DON: riiTNTin m kk maiu) and john k. ia^i.ok. RKD I.ION lOfRT. FLKKT sTRRET. 184J. — ii K N !•; li \ I, I' !•: \ i \ K !•: s or i.ll;i<AKM NEW YOkK C II U S A N, UOTAMCAL QAKUiiN. WITH IlKM MIKH ON TIIK FLORA AM) I'M \\ Ol- rilAT iSj^VM) TllK island 1)1" ("liusaii, or (inat ("husan, is situated on the east coast ot'Cliina, hctwciMi lat. M) and .51° X. and Ion;,'. 122' and \'2.\'^ K.* It is tin- ^rrcatcst and most inipctrtant of tlir group of islands which hear that name, and is sc|)aiate(l from the nearest main-land, Keeto I'oint, hy an arm of tlie sea, about ten miles across, thickly studded with smaller islands, varyiufr in extent fnini little slii^htly elevated rocks to islands several miles in circumference. This unintcrni|)ted chain of islands renders it necessary to look nj)on Chusan, and the whole ^rou|) indeed, more as a part of the continent than as islands. The extremes of temperature are more like those of a continent than of an island. The aspect of Chusan is hilly, beinjr traversed by steej) rocks in all directions, occasionally surmounted hy peaks with intervcnin<r valleys.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Ecology Progress Series 290:109
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 290: 109–117, 2005 Published April 13 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Impact of trematodes on host survival and population density in the intertidal gastropod Zeacumantus subcarinatus B. L. Fredensborg1, K. N. Mouritsen2, R. Poulin1,* 1Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand 2Department of Marine Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 14, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark ABSTRACT: Ecological studies have demonstrated that parasites are capable of influencing various aspects of host life history and can play an important role in the structure of animal populations. We investigated the influence of infection by castrating trematodes on the reproduction, survival and population density of the intertidal snail Zeacumantus subcarinatus, using both laboratory and field studies. The results demonstrate a highly significant reduction in the reproductive output in heavily infected populations compared to populations with low trematode prevalence. A long-term labora- tory study showed reduced survival of infected snails compared to uninfected specimens, for snails held at 18 and 25°C. Furthermore, parasite-induced mortality in the field was inferred from a reduc- tion in prevalence of infection among larger size classes, indicating that infected individuals disap- pear from the population, although the effect of parasites varied between localities. A field survey from 13 localities including 2897 snails demonstrated that prevalence of castrating trematodes had a significant negative effect on both population density and biomass of Z. subcarinatus. This study pro- vides one of the first demonstrations of population-level effects of parasites on their hosts in the field. The results of this study emphasise the importance of castrating parasites as potential agents of pop- ulation regulation in host species with limited dispersal ability.
    [Show full text]