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Pitcher's Thistle (Cirsium Pitcheri) Monitoring Activities in Michigan

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Pitcher's Thistle (Cirsium Pitcheri) Monitoring Activities in Michigan Pitcher’s Thistle (Cirsium pitcheri) Monitoring Activities in Michigan Tameka Dandridge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Patty O’Connell and Sarah Stephens, U.S. Forest Service (USFS) The Pitcher’s thistle became federally listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, in July 1988. It is endemic to the unforested dune systems of the western Great Lakes and requires active sand dune processes to maintain its early to mid-successional habitat. Shoreline development, recreation, dune stabilization, and invasive plants and insects are primary threats to the species. The Pitcher’s thistle was monitored at eight sites in 1993, 1996 and 2001 in the Manistee National Forest (MNF) and at P.J. Hoffmaster State Park (Hoffmaster) in 2004 and 2006. P.J. Hoffmaster State Park Manistee National Forest USFWS counted and USFS monitored Pitcher’s recorded each Pitcher’s thistle at 8 sites within the thistle plant according to an Cadillac-Manistee Ranger unofficial age class District of the Manistee (seedling, small juvenile, National Forest. Eight large juvenile, adult) permanent baseline transects designation within 9 sites at were established with the park. Further counts randomly placed transects at are required to determine Manistee Co. each site. Contiguous 5m x 5m any population changes. sampling plots were placed along the random transects to Muskegon Co. assess population trends, associated plant species and threats. Pitcher's Thistle Seedlings Total Pitcher's Thistle Plants By Year 400 5000 Total Pitcher's Thistle Plants by Year Total Plants by Ageclass by Year 1500 1200 2004 Seedlings 2006 4000 Juveniles 300 Adults 900 1000 3000 200 600 2000 Number of Plants Plants of Number Number of Plants Number of Seedlings Seedlings of Number Number of Plants Plants of Number 500 100 300 1000 0 0 0 0 2004 2006 1993 1996 2001 1233.545678 1993 1996 2001 Census Years Monitoring Site Monitoring Year Monitoring Year The total population in the Manistee NF increased from 751 to Pitcher's Thistle Population Trends By Site 1401 from 1993 to 1996 and decreased to 596 in 2001. 500 The overall total amount of plants for both years were similar. Seedlings and juveniles increased in number in 1996 and However, there was a significant decrease in seedling numbers decreased in 2001, while adult plant numbers displayed the 1993 1996 2001 from 2004 to 2006 (p=0.04), which could be attributed to low 400 opposite effect. Dominant and associated plant species did not recruitment, possibly resulting from weather conditions or other change between sampling periods. The average amount of bare causes. Numbers within the other age-classes did not differ ground at all sites ranged from 44% to 76%. Lombardy poplar 300 significantly. (Populus nigra) and spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) were the most prevalent invasive species. of PlantsNumber 200 Summary: Additional monitoring and censuses for Pitcher’s thistle will need to persist for several years to be able to better interpret the information on population trends and potential threats. Because this species occurs along the 100 shoreline, it may continue to be in direct conflict with many human activities, such as recreation, home construction and shoreline stabilization projects. Both study sites are recreation areas and as such, foot traffic associated with high 0 12345678 recreational use may cause a decrease in survivorship and reproduction, and seedbed destabilization. Furthermore, the Monitoring Site introduction of Invasive species and their encroachment may stabilize the dunes and alters dune building processes, resulting in decreased habitat available for Pitcher’s thistle. These threats and other disturbances should continue to be documented, analyzed, managed for, and minimized. Educating the public of the ecological value of our fragile dune system and it natural communities should be an important feature of any Great Lakes coastal area management plan. .
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