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The Gait of the City Oedipus and Impressions of Modernity Figure 1. “Oedipus et Sphinx”, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, 1808. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Candidate: Andrew Douglas Student Reference - 22148465 Goldsmiths, University of London Doctor of Philosophy Page 1 The Gait of the City: Oedipus and Impressions of Modernity Declaration Declaration I hereby declare that this work is the result of my own independent investigation, except where I have indicated my indebtedness to other sources. I hereby certify that this work has not already been accepted in substance for any other degree, nor is it being submitted concurrently for any other degree. I hereby give consent for the full content of my work to be used by the institution for inter- library loans and photocopying, and for the title, summary and content to be made available in part to outside organisations Andrew Douglas Page 2 The Gait of the City: Oedipus and Impressions of Modernity Acknowledgements Acknowledgements This research was undertaken with the assistance of a Tertiary Education Commission of New Zealand, Bright Futures Doctoral Scholarship & an Auckland University of Technology, Vice Chancellors Doctoral Completion Scholarship, for which I am very thankful. I gratefully acknowledge the support, encouragement and patience of my supervisor, Professor Scott Lash. Tina Engels-Schwarzpaul has been a great source of encouragement during the completion of this project and I heartily acknowledge her support. Lastly I thank my partner Bruce Petry who has endured more than he ought, not least by hanging in there until the last! Page 3 The Gait of the City: Oedipus and Impressions of Modernity Abstract Abstract This project investigates historical changes in urban phenomena. It questions how cities are made manifest through experience. To this end the research is concerned with styles of appearing that have been shown by way of foot. In questioning how cities, motility and senses of self intersect historically, it develops what is termed an onto-peripatetics that traces the genealogy of self-conscious walking - specifically forms of pedestrianism that have entered into writing. It seeks to identify a deeper temporal substratum to the now routine association of walking and writing in romanticism and nineteenth century urban accounts. The project tracks via the Cartesian and Kantian cogitos a particular disjunction between self and world that has occasioned a synthesising drive exemplified by travel, observation and written reflection. If in this synthesis a particular cognitive bias has prevailed over bodies, the research aims to think into this hiatus itself, seeking to unearth the genealogy and the productivity - politically, socially, philosophically – sustaining it. The presumption pursued in the project has been twofold: firstly that this hiatus belongs to an enduring or rather reduplicating figure – Oedipus; and secondly, that both the hiatus and its namesake are integrally tied with Occidental urban life. What is termed an Oedipal vector – traversing myth, tragedy, aesthetics, psychoanalysis, and what Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari termed schizoanalysis – is read against an array of literary and philosophical texts addressing urban space. Ranging from Plato, in whom is found a metaphysical walk, to an idiorrhythmy (Barthes 2013) crafted by Rimbaud in his encounter with Victorian London, the project aims to account for a disjunctive synthesis (Deleuze & Guattari, 2000) unfolded in urban place-accounts historically. Page 4 The Gait of the City: Oedipus and Impressions of Modernity Contents Page Contents Title Page 1 Declaration 2 Acknowledgements 3 Abstract 4 Contents 5 Partial Chapter Publications 7 Figure List 8 Introduction - Foothold, or the Onto-Peripatetic 10 The Linear Clearing | Peripatetic | An Unconscious Bearing | Seeing & Sounding | A Mythical Bearing | City/Time | Assaying the Walk | Itinerary | Diagramming Footsteps Part One – Diagramming Chapter 1. The Metaphysical Walk - Athens 40 Myth to Imbalance | Oikoumenē | “Head City” | Standing Autochthony | Walker-Weavers & the Socratic Makeover | Crossing (Out) the “Common Hearth” | Urban Maladies | Turn to Modernity Chapter 2. The Foot’s Rendezous – Island Places 72 Orientation-Origination | Scriptual Economies | “Knowfoot” | Horizons “Superlinearity” | Fall Into Latency | Working Desire | Working Mimesis Exorbitant Imagining | From Extension to Time/Intensity Part Two – Spacing Chapter 3. A Pathos in Modernity - Amsterdam 106 Pathos | Knowing Death | “Classical Self” | “Modern Subject”/Adventures in Knowing | Looking Down on Pavements | Monday, 5 May, 1631 | Oedipus or Machines | Death/Surface | A Phantasmatic Walk Chapter 4. Impressions of Free Time - Rambling 137 Initiation | une promenade métaphysique | Upright Contra Motion | The Accident That Is Time | Time Moves or Subjectivation | The Kant of Time | Divergent Syntheses | Oedipus & the Linear Labyrinth | Conjoining Oedipus & Hamlet | The Aesthetic Walk | Lying Consciousness & Other Semiotics Chapter 5. “An–Oedipal” Walking – Paris 168 The Natal | Vagrancy & Bohemia | Market Descent| Love-Hate Amidst the Crowds | From Impression-Gathering to Programming | City Recumbency | Mercantile-Communicational Gravity | Narcissism On-Mass Page 5 The Gait of the City: Oedipus and Impressions of Modernity Contents Page Chapter 6. “Angleterre” | Terra Incognito – London 196 Maximising the Surface of the Self | A Vigorous Indolence | Observational Fields | Orchestrating Language | Legal Force & Un-seaming | An Alchemy of the Feet | An Oceanic Ebb Conclusion – Turning over the Times 226 What Labour in Questioning? | Dark Origination | “An-Ethics” Bibliography 236 Page 6 The Gait of the City: Oedipus and Impressions of Modernity Prior Publication Chapter Publication List The following chapter has been partially reproduced in a journal article: Chapter 3. A Pathos in Modernity – Amsterdam One aspect of this chapter has appeared in Douglas, A. & Engels-Schwarzpaul, A.-Chr. (2011). Introduction: Aspects of interiority. Interstices: Journal of architecture and related arts 12, 5-9. Page 7 The Gait of the City: Oedipus and Impressions of Modernity Figure List Figure List Figure Title Page 1 “Oedipus et Sphinx”, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, 1808, 1 Source: Wikimedia Commons. 2 Merian-Erben, 1652. Königsberg map. Source: Wikimedia 13 Commons. 3 Bogdan Giuşcă, 2005. “The problem of the seven bridges of 13 Königsberg”. Source: Wikimedia Commons. 4 Totalt, 2012. “Graph for the seven bridges of Königsberg”. 13 Source: Wikimedia Commons. 5 Rama, 2006 (image credit). “Gradiva” - bas-relief detail of 17 Roman copy of 4th century Ancient Greek panel of Aglaurides and The Horae, Vatican Museum Chiaramonti, Rome. Source: Wikimedia Commons. 6 Author 2013. “Signifying regime” (modified from Deleuze & 36 Guattari 1987). 7 Author 2013. “A-signifying regime” (modified from Deleuze 37 & Guattari 1987). 8 Author (2013). “The metaphysical stride: an elaboration on 52 the ‘Structure of the Republic’ by John Sallis”. Modified from Sallis (1996). 9 Author (2013). “Allegory of the divided line”. Modified from 55 Plato (1997). 10 Jean-Denis Barble du Bocage (1785). “Athens with Piraeus”. 56 Source: Wikipedia Commons. 11 Napoleon Vier, (2007). “Ancient Athens”. Source: 56 Wikipedia Commons. 12 Author 2013. “Occidental capitalization” – narrative & 77 stockpiling (Modified from Certeau 1986). 13 Author 2013. “Signifying Regime with Mercantile & Private 88 Latencies” (modified from Henri Pirenne 1974 & Deleuze & Guattari 1987). 14 Author 2013. “The divided line & mise-en-abyme”. 94 15 Author 2013. “Oedipus as posthumously anticipated 96 interruption of the divided line”. Page 8 The Gait of the City: Oedipus and Impressions of Modernity Figure List 16 Author 2013. “Island/figure as modern terminus of the 102 divided line”. 17 Joan Blaeu (1649). “Map of Amsterdam”. Source: Atlas van 121 Loon, Wikipedia Commons. 18 Constantin Guys, 1895. Untitled. Source: The Yellow Book 187 (v). 19 Paul Klee, 1920. Angelus Novus. Source: Wikimedia 190 Commons. 20 Ernest Delahaye, 1876. “Le nouveau Juif errant”. 197 Bibliothèque littéraire Jacques Doucet. 21 Félix Régamey, 1872. “Verlaine et Rimbaud a londres”. 203 Source: Wikimedia Commons. 22 Illustrated London News, 1865. Embankment construction 219 of the Thames. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Page 9 The Gait of the City: Oedipus and the Imprints of Modernity Introduction INTRODUCTION Foothold, or the Onto-Peripatetic Would he say that there is nothing in his head that has not first of all been in his feet? Michel Serres, 1985 1. The Linear Clearing This project investigates historical changes in urban phenomena. It questions what is it that cities manifest - what they make apparent or cause to appear. Equally it asks how cities are made manifest through experience. To this end the research is concerned with styles of appearing that have been shown by way of foot. Why this particular vantage point? Historically, the mobile perspective offered by walking has uniquely contributed to thinking through appearances. I argue that it has also prompted broader questions of “existential foothold”. This term coined by Christian Norberg-Schulz in his phenomenologically- inflected inquiry into the nature of architecture, proposed that the built environment, in particular, ought to provide the basis for a “concrete” hold from which a shared “life world” would unfold (1980, p. 05). Norberg-Schulz had in mind Martin Heidegger’s assertions concerning dwelling, in which
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