Initial Environmental Examination – Appendix H

Project Number: 54211-001 March 2021 Document Stage: Draft

Viet Nam: Lotus Wind Power Project

Prepared by ERM Vietnam for Lien Lap Wind Power Joint Stock Company, Phong Huy Wind Power Joint Stock Company, and Phong Nguyen Wind Power Joint Stock Company as a requirement of the Asian Development Bank.

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Biodiversity survey Wet season report

Phong Nguyen Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam

7 July 2020

Prepared by ERM’s Subcontractor for ERM Vietnam

Document details

Document title Biodiversity survey Wet season report Document subtitle Phong Nguyen Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam

Date 7 July 2020 Version 1.0 Author ERM’s Subcontractor Client Name ERM Vietnam

Document history

Version Revision Author Reviewed by ERM approval to issue Comments Name Date Draft 1.0 Name Name Name 00.00.0000 Text

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT CONTENTS Phong Nguyen Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam

CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 5 2. METHODOLOGY ...... 8 2.1 Desktop Study ...... 8 2.1.1 Literature review ...... 8 2.1.2 Scanning Biodiversity Database ...... 9 2.2 Field Survey ...... 9 2.2.1 Flora survey ...... 9 2.2.2 Vegetation type mapping ...... 10 2.2.3 Terrestrial Fauna Survey ...... 11 3. RESULT ...... 23 3.1 Desktop study ...... 23 3.1.1 Terrestrial Flora ...... 23 3.1.2 Avifauna ...... 24 3.1.3 Bats ...... 26 3.1.4 Non-volant terrestrial mammals ...... 27 3.1.5 Herpetofauna ...... 30 3.2 Field Survey ...... 32 3.2.1 Flora survey ...... 32 3.2.2 Terrestrial Fauna Survey ...... 36 4. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ...... 66 4.1 Habitat loss issues and disturbance ...... 66 4.2 Impacts on bat ...... 66 4.3 Impacts on bird ...... 66 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...... 67 REFERENCES ...... 68

LIST OF BIRDS RECORDED IN BAC HUONG HOA AND DAKRONG NATURE RESERVES OR HAVE DISTRIBUTION RANGE INCLUDING QUANG TRI PROVINCE LIST OF BAT SPECIES THAT WERE RECORDED IN TWO PROTECTED AREAS (DAKRONG AND BAC HUONG HOA) OR HAVE DISTRIBUTION RANGE INCLUDING QUANG TRI PROVINCE LIST OF MAMMALS IN QUANG TRI DISTRICT AND VICINITY AREAS IN LAOS LIST OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN QUANG TRI PROVINCE FROM LITERATURES REVIEW LIST OF TERRESTRIAL FLORA RECORDED AT PHONG NGUYEN WINDFARM PROJECT TIME AND WEATHER INFORMATION DURING VP COUNT AT PHONG NGUYEN VANTAGE POINT SURVEY DATA NIGHTLY BAT ACTIVITY RECORDED AT SURVEYED SITES PER PASSIVE ACOUSTIC SAMPLINGS

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT CONTENTS Phong Nguyen Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam

List of Tables Table 2.1 Transects for bird survey ...... 11 Table 2.2 Keys to data recorded ...... 12 Table 2.3 Collision Risk matrix ...... 14 Table 2.4 Potential Impact Significance matrix ...... 15 Table 2.5 Selected sites for bat surveys in the project area ...... 16 Table 2.6 Sampling effort at Phong Nguyen Wind Farm, May 2020 ...... 17 Table 2.7 Survey effort for non-volant mammal ...... 19 Table 2.8 List of cameras set up during the preliminary survey ...... 20 Table 2.9 Summary of transect survey effort ...... 22 Table 3.1 List of threatened plants species in Bac Huong Hoa, Dakrong and Phong Dien Nature Reserves ...... 23 Table 3.2 List of significant conservation bird species may occur at project area and its vicinity ...... 25 Table 3.3 Bat species of high conservation values recorded or may occur in Quang Tri province ...... 27 Table 3.4 List of non-volant mammal species may occur in project area and it vicinity ...... 28 Table 3.5 List of threatened species of amphibian and reptilian in Quang Tri province ...... 31 Table 3.6 List of plant species recorded at Phong Nguyen windfarm project ...... 33 Table 3.7 List of allien invasive species reorded in Phong Nguyen ...... 35 Table 3.8 List of the birds recorded in Phong Nguyen windfarm project ...... 37 Table 3.9 Average flock size of each species observed at Phong Nguyen Wind Power project ...... 42 Table 3.10 Results of vantage point count at Phong Nguyen windfarm project ...... 45 Table 3.11 Bat species found within the surveyed transects in Phong Nguyen Wind Farm ...... 53 Table 3.12 Collision risks of bat species recorded in Phong Nguyen Wind Farm ...... 55 Table 3.13 List of non-volant mammal recorded at Phong Nguyen wind power project ...... 60 Table 3.14 List of non-volant mammal and their likelihood in Phong Nguyen ...... 61 Table 3.15 Amphibian and reptilian species composition recorded in Phong Nguyen ...... 64

List of Figures Figure 1.1 Project location ...... 6 Figure 1.2 Historical climate date observed for project site (climate-data.org, data from 1982 to 2012) ...... 7 Figure 2.1 Protected Areas in Indochina near Phong Nguyen wind power project site ...... 8 Figure 2.2 Flora survey transects ...... 10 Figure 2.3 Chosen Vantage Points and transects for bird survey ...... 12 Figure 2.4 Layout of WTGs (asterisk), boundary of the project (yellow line) and surveyed sites...... 16 Figure 2.5 Live trapping using mist-nets and harptraps at surveyed sites ...... 17 Figure 2.6 Active (left) and passive (right) acoustic samplings ...... 18 Figure 2.7 Non-volant mammal survey tracks ...... 20 Figure 2.8 Herpetofauna survey transects ...... 21 Figure 3.1 Number of flora taxa by family ...... 32 Figure 3.2 Mono vegetation type within Phong Nguyen Wind Power Project ...... 36 Figure 3.3 Number species of each bird family ...... 37 Figure 3.4 Comparison records and diversity of birds between two VPs ...... 40 Figure 3.5 Percentage of bird flying through different heigh band ...... 41 Figure 3.6 Flight pattern of birds recorded at Phong Nguyen wind power ...... 41 Figure 3.7 Mean of flock size at each Vantage Point ...... 44 Figure 3.8 Major habitat types within and nearby project area ...... 49 Figure 3.9 Portraits of bat species captured by live-trapping during field study ...... 51 Figure 3.10 Echolocation call structures of bat species recorded by acoustic samplings during the present survey ...... 52 Figure 3.11 Overall activity patterns of bat assemblages per surveyed sites recorded by acoustic samplings ...... 57 Figure 3.12 Average nightly bat species richness among surveyed sites ...... 57

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT CONTENTS Phong Nguyen Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam

Figure 3.13 Average nightly abundance of bats (no. of bat passes/hour) among surveyed sites per acoustic samplings...... 58 Figure 3.14 Distribution of nightly abundance of bats (no. of bat passes/hour) among surveyed sites per acoustic samplings ...... 58 Figure 3.15 Habitat loss or degradation within and nearby project area ...... 59 Figure 3.16 Remnants of evergreen forest near Phong Nguyen ...... 60

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT CONTENTS Phong Nguyen Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam

Acronyms and Abbreviations Name Description

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT INTRODUCTION Phong Nguyen Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam

1. INTRODUCTION

Considered as one of the most mature renewable energy technologies, wind power has received a great attention from planners and many national governments including Vietnam, who are seeking "green energy resources" with low CO2 emissions (DEA, 2017). However, the construction and operation of wind farm projects have also known to cause adverse environmental impacts (Arnett et al., 2016; Dai et al., 2015). The conflict between wind power projects and the objectives of biological conservation intensified in recent years because the rapidly rising number of wind plants (Christian C. Voigt et al., 2019). PCC1 will be preparing the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) consistent with international standards, specifically International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards (PS). IFC PS6 recognises two different types of biodiversity habitats: modified habitat and natural habitat. Modified habitat includes areas that may contain a large proportion of plant and/or animal species of non-native origin, and/or where human activity has substantially modified an area’s primary ecological functions and species composition. Natural habitat includes areas composed of viable assemblages of plant and/or animal species of largely native origin, and/or where human activity has not essentially modified an area’s primary ecological functions and species composition. Vietnam Wild Tour & Research Service (Wildtour Co., LTD) was engaged by ERM Vietnam on behalf of Power Construction Company 1 (PCC1) to undertake biodiversity surveys at Phong Nguyen Wind Power Project for environment and social impact assessment (ESIA). Objectives of the survey are to collect primary and secondary data related to flora and fauna species occur within the project area, including: bird, bat, terrestrial fauna (non-volant mammal and herpetofauna) and terrestrial flora. The Project is located in Huong Tan and Tan Thanh Communes. It is planned to cover an area of 350 ha and has the following key components:

 12 wind turbine genrators (WTGs) (Model:Vestas V150-4.0MW) with a total capacity of 48 MW;

 The 35 kV transmission line will be connected to the turbines and the 220kV Huong Tan substation and wired along the access roads; and

 Access road will connect with the existing public road and approximately 6.7 km to all turbines for construction and operation of the Project.

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Figure 1.1 Project location The project area is located approximated 6 kilometers from Lao Bao town and 15 kilometers from Khe Sanh town. Elevations of Phong Nguyen project area ranges from 600-900m above sea level. Climate it is classified as typical features of tropical monsoon. Based on the historical climate data of Khe Sanh area, the average annual temperature is 23.7oC and rainfall is 2,135mm (climate-data.org).

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Figure 1.2 Historical climate date observed for project site (climate-data.org, data from 1982 to 2012) Precipitation is the lowest in February, with an average of 27 mm. Most precipitation falls in September, with an average of 430 mm. At an average temperature of 27.3 °C. June is the hottest month of the year. In January, the average temperature is 18.8 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year. Between the driest and wettest months, the difference in precipitation is 403 mm. The average temperatures vary during the year by 8.5 °C.

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2. METHODOLOGY

2.1 Desktop Study

2.1.1 Literature review

Geographically, the project area is adjacent to the Huong Hoa – Dakrong protection forest which is spatially sketching between two protected areas in Quang Tri province (Bac Huong Hoa in the north and Dakrong in the southeast). As most of biodiversity data was presumed only available at protected areas (Natural reserve areas or national parks). First step we used World Database on Protected Areas (https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/world-database-on-protected-areas) to identified protected areas within a buffer zone 50km from project site. Result shown as Figure 2.1, there are two main protected areas: Bac Huong Hoa in the north and Dakrong in the southeast of project site.

Figure 2.1 Protected Areas in Indochina near Phong Nguyen wind power project site

 So far, little is known regarding the overall diversity and distribution of fauna and flora within the Huong Hoa – Dakrong forest protection; while there were a number of biodiversity assessments in the Bac Huong Hoa and Dakrong natural reserve areas. For instance,

 Mahood, S., & Hung, T. V. (2008). The Biodiversity of Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve, Quang Tri Province, Vietnam. This report provided general information of terrestrial plant, amphibian, reptilian, non-volant mammal and avifauna recorded in 2006 and 2007 in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve.

 Le Manh Hung, Pham Duc Tien, Nguyen Duc Tu and Cao Dang Viet (2002) A field survey of Huong Hoa district, Quang Tri province, Vietnam. This report has information on bird and mammal which was used as reference data for report above.

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 Le Trong Trai, Richardson, W. J., Le Van Cham, Tran Hieu Minh, Tran Quang Ngoc, Nguyen Van Sang, Monastyrskii, A. L. and Eames, J. C. (1999). A Feasibility Study for Establishment of Phong Dien (Thua Thien Hue Province) and Dakrong (Quang Tri Province) Nature Reservers, Vietnam. This report provided general information of terrestrial flora, amphibian, reptilian, mammal avifauna, and butterfly Dakrong and Phong Dien Nature Reserve Areas which complied from many different resources.

 Son, N.T., and Csorba, G. (2007). Preliminary result on bat survey in Bac Huong Hoa PA and Dakrong NR, Quang Tri Province. An important reference document for bat composition recorded in project adjacent areas.

 Ngo Kim Thai et al (2013). Species composition and conservation values of mammal fauna in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserver, Quang Tri province. This report provided more update and detail of mammal fauna in Bac Huong Hoa.

 Manh, N.D., Dang, N.X., and Nghia, N.X. (2009). Conservation importance of mammal fauna in Dak Rong nature reserve, Quang Tri province. Similarly, this report provided more information of mammal, especially the threatened species.

 Nguyen, L. T., Van Hoang, H., Nguyen, T. T., & Nguyen, S. N. 2016. A collection of amphibians and reptiles from Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve, Quang Tri Province, Vietnam. One of the most detailed survey on amphibian and reptile in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve.

 Tordoff, A., R. Timmins, R. Smith, & Vinh, M. K. (2003). A Biological Assessment of the Central Truong Son Landscape.

 Tordoff, A.W., Bao, T.Q., Tu, N.D., and Hung, L.M. (2004). Sourcebook of existing and proposed protected areas in Vietnam.

 Wege, D. C., Long, A. J., May Ky Vinh, Vu Van Dung and Eames, J. C. (1999) Expanding the protected areas network in Vietnam for the 21st century: an analysis of the current system with recommendations for equitable expansion. These reports provided further general information on the ecosystem and geobiodiversity data for scanning.

 Tordoff, A. W. ed. (2002) Directory of Important Bird Areas in Vietnam: key sites for conservation. This reference data is important for bird survey, the Dakrong Nature Reserve is listed and an Important Bird Area (IBA) code VN31.

2.1.2 Scanning Biodiversity Database Results from literature review, we listed threatened species may occur in project area and vicinity then check updated status on IUCN Red List 2020 (https://www.iucnredlist.org). GBIF Occurrence Data (https://www.gbif.org/occurrence) was used to check if any recent records of those important species. For bird, we used Birdlife Data Zone (http://datazone.birdlife.org/country/vietnam) to scan species distribution and status. Other resources were also used to check recently records of those important species including iNaturalist - https://www.inaturalist.org, Igoterra - https://igoterra.com, eBird - https://ebird.org, Handbook Birds of the World – http://hbw.com which now is called Birds of the World https://birdsoftheworld.org and Birds of Vietnam http://birdwatchingvietnam.net.

2.2 Field Survey

2.2.1 Flora survey Line transect

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Line transects that are located along access roads to proposed WTGs (Figure 2.2) were selected for flora survey. At each transect, plants occurring in the areas within 10 m along both sides of the roads were surveyed full-day on 16th May and a morning on 18th May 2020. Estimated about 8km long transects were carried out, which mainly along the ridge as Figure 2.2. Specimen treatment Voucher specimen (hebarium) collecting Plants with flowers / fruits were collected, photographed, pressed, dried and then deposited in the Herbarium of University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City (PHH). The hebarium of common plant species that are identifiable in the field was not collected. The unusual plants without reproductive organs were also noted and will be collected when they are flowering or fruiting (if required). Identification The collected hebaria were morphologically identified based mainly on the illustrated keys for flora of Vietnam and adjacent territories – a Vietnamese laguage (Phạm Hoàng Hộ, 1999) and/or compared with referential materials deposited in the PHH and protologues. In addition, the occurrence of invasive species within the survey areas was also assessed using baseline data available in the Global Invasive Species Database (www.iucngisd.org/gisd/).

Figure 2.2 Flora survey transects

2.2.2 Vegetation type mapping Results from line transect survey were used as ground truth data for remote sensing analysis. We used several free sources including google aerial imagery, Esri aerial imagery to identify by visualization with software QGIS version 3.12. Minimum likelihood algorithm was used to automatically classify all pixel within Project footprint and its vicinity (buffer 1km) into predetermined categories based on the spectral values stored in Landsat image. Algorithm training were performed manually by selecting different

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region of interest (ROI) which associated with different land type or vegetation cover. The reliability of selecting process was validated by comparing with field survey data.

2.2.3 Terrestrial Fauna Survey

2.2.3.1 Bird survey

2.2.3.1.1 Species Richness Assessment Survey routes

2.2.3.1.2 Transect survey

Survey routes Survey line transects were conducted through areas where the turbines are proposed to be located (Figure 2.3). It is acknowledged that the turbines are likely to be realigned within the study area. The observers moved slowly along the transects by walking and using binoculars to detect bird species and count the number of individuals present. Identifiable vocalizations were also counted as records. GPS positions, photographs (where possible), distance and compass bearing to the sighted animals were recorded.

Transect survey effort Survey times were from 06:00 to 10:00 and then 15:00 to 18:00 as these are the most active times for birds.

Table 2.1 Transects for bird survey

Transect Transect Survey date Time of survey Survey effort length (km) (hours)

PNT1 1.716 16th May 2020 06:00 to 08:30 2.5

PNT2 1.380 16th May 2020 16:15 to 17:15 1

PNT3 5.935 19th May 2020 06:00 to 11:30 5.5

PNT4 521 19th May 2020 16:30 to 17:00 0.5

Species identification All observers undertaking the surveys are highly skilled at identifying all taxa in the region by direct observation or their species-specific vocalizations. Observations were checked against field guides including but not limited to Field Guide to the Birds of Southeast Asian (Robson, 2009) to validate the identifications. Calls were compared with sources from Vietnam Bird Guide apps (Bao, Quang, & Thang, 2015).

2.2.3.1.3 Vantage Point survey

Data collection The methodology used for all three avian surveys followed standard survey methodologies, consistent with the Scottish Natural Heritage Guidance (Scottish Natural Heritage, 2014). The Vantage point (VP) count technique was used to survey any species considered as being prone to collision.

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Two VPs were carefully chosen and determined in advance in order to achieve maximum visibility while at the same time keeping the number of points adequate. For the Phong Nguyen proposed wind power project, two (2) VPs were chosen as follows:

 VP1: (16.68565° N; 106.58230° E); and  VP2: (16.67012° N; 106.58389° E)

Figure 2.3 Chosen Vantage Points and transects for bird survey The surveys comprised a series of observations from two (2) fixed locations (VP1 and VP2) to quantify the flight activity of birds over the Phong Nguyen Wind Power Project site. According to Scottish Natural Heritage’s recommendation, a minimum of 72 hours per VP per year divided by seasons is required (36 hours breeding and 36 hours non-breeding). During surveys, observers used binoculars and a camera with long tele lens (Nikon D4 with lens 400mm F2.8 and TC 2X) would station and actively scan the whole area within 02km radius from the vantage point for avifauna’s activity (Figure 2.3). Surveys were conducted from 06:00 to 11:00 and 14:00 to dark (around 18:00), across nine (9) hours/day. All information about species, activities and number of individuals was noted simultaneously with weather conditions. Based on flight pattern and estimation of altitude from ground level, data were categorized as described in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2 Keys to data recorded

Category Description Height of Flight

Band 1 Birds fly below the height of planned rotor swept (RSZ) ca. <30m

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Category Description Height of Flight

Band 2 Birds fly in the RSZ ca. between 30m - 180m

Band 3 Birds fly above the RSZ ca. > 180m

Flapping (F) Birds fly by flapping their wings across wind power project area

Gliding (G) Birds fly by gliding across wind power project area

Soaring (S) Birds fly soaring around wind power project area

Perching (P) Birds perch on ground or tree nearby wind power project area

Risk assessment The purpose of VP survey is to provide input data for the Collision Risk Model (W. Band, M. Madders, & D. P. Whitefield, 2007), which predicts mortalities from collision with turbines. Analysing and ranking the potential risk for each species was based on its flight pattern, behaviour, ecology and global population (threatened list of IUCN Redlist). For the purposes of the surveys, a model risk matrix was used to estimate risk via a two (2) stage process:

 Step 1 - Determine the Collision Risk factor for the species Table 2.3; and

 Step 2 - Apply the conservation status to the Risk Collision Factor to determine the significance of the risk (Table 2.4).

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Table 2.3 Collision Risk matrix

Collision Risk Flight Path

Never likely to fly May occasionally fly in Commonly flies at the Flies at the height of the into the swept the swept area, or height of the swept area swept area and is area of the likely to be frightened but is timid and easily unlikely to be distracted turbines away frightened or deterred by the turbines

Extensive presence in the study area and the habitat is Moderate High High Very High unique and not found in the surrounding area

Frequents the study area, and the habitat is unique, not Low Moderate High High common in surrounding areas

Extensive presence in the Study area but the habitat is not Low Low Moderate High unique and is extensive around the study area

Habitat Habitat

May frequent the habitat, but such ecosystems are Low Low Low Moderate extensive around the study area

No Feeding, nesting, or breeding activities in the study No Apparent No Apparent Risk Low Low area, would only enter the area on occasions incidentally Risk

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Table 2.4 Potential Impact Significance matrix

Potential Impact Significance Conservation Status

Collision Risk Common (Least Concern) or Near-threatened (NT) Vulnerable Endangered

Very High Concern Critical Critical

High Concern Significant Critical

Moderate Low Significance Concern Significant

Low Low Significance Low Significance Concern

No Apparent Risk Insignificant Low Significance Low Significance

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2.2.3.2 Bat survey

2.2.3.2.1 Selection of surveyed sites The field survey was undertaken at six sites (namely PN01-PN06) within project area (each site has a radius ca. 200m from the point-count) (Figure 2.4). These selected study sites are located in the areas that are expected to be affected by the construction and operation of the project’s components (e.g. access roads, internal transmission lines and WTGs).

2.2.3.2.2 Surveys for potential bat roosts and foraging areas Surveys to determine the potential importance of habitats at the selected sites within the project area as roosts or foraging areas for bats were conducted using day-time observations.

The base map was acquired from Google earth V 7.3.3.7699 (1/6/2020). Phong Nguyen, Huong Hoa. Quang Tri. 16, 681116°N, 106. 609519ºE, eye alt 7 km. CNES/Airbus 2020. http://www.earth.google.com [5/6/2020].

Figure 2.4 Layout of WTGs (asterisk), boundary of the project (yellow line) and surveyed sites.

2.2.3.2.3 Field surveys for bat diversity and activity Sampling efforts were undertaken at six point-counts within selected sites (Table 2.5; Figure 2.4). Each night, two sites were surveyed, one using both live-trapping and acoustic samplings and the other using acoustic method only.

Table 2.5 Selected sites for bat surveys in the project area

Date Site Co-ordinate (Point count) Weather

19 May 20 PN01 16.686917, 106.580763 Daytime: Sunny;

Nighttime: no rain PN02 16.685039, 106.587895

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Date Site Co-ordinate (Point count) Weather

20 May 20 PN03 16.682283, 106.594683 Daytime: Sunny;

Nighttime: Rainy PN04 16.677964, 106.597009

21 May 20 PN05 16.681325, 106.608185 Daytime: Sunny;

Nighttime: Rainy PN06 16.677995,, 106.617291

Table 2.6 Sampling effort at Phong Nguyen Wind Farm, May 2020

Survey Date 19/5/20 20/5/20 21/5/20

Survey site PN01 PN02 PN03 PN04 PN05 PN06

Mist net (m2mnh) 18:00 -22:00 360 360 360

Harp trap (m2hth) 18:00 -05:30 86.4 86.4 86.4

Acoustic (hrs) 18:00 -05:30 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5

Live-trapping Live-trapping was regarded as providing valuable information for assessing and confirming the presence of both resident and migrating species (Kunz et al., 2007a). Based on biotope survey, the habitat types of all selected sites comprise mostly opened lands and some patches of orchards, the use of harptraps (1.8 m x 2.0m) was effective only at certain sites where retain some patches of scrubs; while mist-nets were suitable for capturing fruit eating and open-space foraging bats and were set at ground level (up to 6 m high) (Figure 2.5).

Mist-netting Harp-trapping

Figure 2.5 Live trapping using mist-nets and harptraps at surveyed sites

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Acoustic sampling Acoustic sampling with ultrasound (bat) detectors is widely known as an essential complement to traditional live-capture methods (e.g., mist nets and harp traps) for bat surveys in the tropics. This is because traditional methods typically fail to record insectivorous species that habitually fly in open areas and at higher altitudes outside the range of ground-based live-traps and so are less than comprehensive, even in the most intensive studies (Furey et al., 2009; MacSwiney G. et al., 2008). Most “high risk” insectivorous bats are known to be open foragers occurring within the range of heights swept by turbine blades (ca. 100 m). Thus, acoustic samplings with the use of bat detectors are obligated to estimate their occurrence and distribution of activity (Kunz et al., 2007a, 2007b). In this instance, active and passive acoustic surveys with the use of hand-held Echo Meter Touch and SM4Bat FS (Wildlife Acoustics Inc., USA) respectively, will be carried out at selected point-counts along survey sites within the project area. These bat detectors can detect most bat species at a distance of 30m and they can also record very loud, low frequency bats at a distance of up to 100 m in some perfect conditions (i.e. in very opened areas (Agranat, 2014). Active and passive acoustic surveys with the use of bat detectors, e.g, hand-held Echo Meter Touch or automatic SM4BAT FS (Wildlife Acoustics Inc., USA) respectively, were carried out at selected sites within and nearby the project site. The bat recordings were then analysed to determined occurrence and distribution of activity (represented as number of bat passes/registered per time (hour or night) of local bat assemblages Figure 2.6.

Figure 2.6 Active (left) and passive (right) acoustic samplings Classifying bat call recordings based on sounds (calls) of all insectivorous bat species recorded in the acoustic samplings were analyzed by using Kaleidoscope Pro 5 Analysis Software (www.wildlifeacoustics.com). To determine the identity of bat pass which, in turn, was defined as a sequence of >2 echolocation calls, with each sequence, or pass, separated by >1 second, its call recordings will be compared with an acoustic key (call classifier) that have been developed from the literature and libraries of species reference calls of Vietnamese and Southeast Asian bats.

Assessment of collision risks of bat species The foraging preferences as well as dispersal abilities (i.e. capacity for migration can be inferred from their eco-morphology (e.g. wing morphology and/or echolocation calls) (McKenzie et al., 1995; Norberg and Rayner, 1987). Accordingly, different bat species found in Vietnam can be classified into five groups based on their ecological characteristics (Strategy I - V) as follows:

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 Strategy I: Insectivorous species of the families that forage in the highly cluttered airspace within the forest interior (or forest dwelling bats). This group usually comprise many species in the Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae, Megadermatidae, Kerivoulinae and Murininae;

 Strategy II: Insectivorous species that forage in partially cluttered spaces such as clearings, streams or other tunnels within the forest or just above the canopy (edge and gap foragers). This group usually comprise many species in the Vespertilionidae (i.e. Tylonycteris);

 Strategy III: Insectivorous bats that forage at high airspaces or high above the forest canopy (open- space foragers). This group includes many species in the Vespertilionidae, Emballonuridae, and Molossidae;

 Strategy IV: Fruit and nectar-eating bats that fly into the partially cluttered airspaces between tree canopies, roost in small numbers and forage locally. Bats of the genera Cynopterus, Megaerops, and Macroglossus (Pteropodidae) can be included in this group;

 Strategy V: Fruit and nectar-eating bats that fly in unobstructed airspaces, roost in large colonies and forage over large areas. This group included members of Pteropus, Rousettus and Eonycteris genera (Pteropodidae). In accordance with above classified foraging strategies, the potential risks of collision with WTGs at wind farms will be highest for members of Strategy III and Strategy V, followed by those of Strategy IV, Strategy II, and lowest for Strategy I.

2.2.3.3 Non-volant Mammal Survey

2.2.3.3.1 Interview survey Open-ended interviews were also employed with local people, forest rangers and frontier soldiers to confirm the surveyor’s observations and helped determine the presence of mammal species conservation significance within the project area that has already identified from the desktop review stage.

2.2.3.3.2 Opportunistic observation Small paths, roads were mainly employed for opportunistic observation of mammals. The surveyor walked along the path to prevent any disturbance to the mammals, which also helps to increase the opportunities of animals which could be seen and identified. Animal’s tracks, and calls are also recorded during the walk and observation. The opportunistic observations were taken both in day and night time in order to fit with different active time of different group of mammals, for example, primates are mainly active at daytime while small carnivores are often active at night time. Especially, in daytime, the surveyor also employed the cutting path through different vegetation to detect the occurrence of active species.

Table 2.7 Survey effort for non-volant mammal

Transect Transect length Survey date Time of survey Survey effort (km) (hours)

T1 3.14 16th May 2020 13:00 to 17:00 4

T2 2.12 16th May 2020 19:00 to 23:00 4

T3+T4 4.77 17th May 2020 6:00 to 13:00 7

T2 2.12 17th May 2020 14:00 to 17:00 3

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Transect Transect length Survey date Time of survey Survey effort (km) (hours)

T4 2.1 17th May 2020 19:00 to 22:00 3

T2 2.12 18th May 2020 5:00 to 10:00 5

Figure 2.7 Non-volant mammal survey tracks Considering that Phong Nguyen will likely to have higher chance of significant species appearance, the surveyor has also set up 5 camera traps here to increase and diversify detection effort (Table 2.8). Data collection as appropriate also included GPS locations and photos.

Table 2.8 List of cameras set up during the preliminary survey

No. Camera station ID Coordinates (UTM)

1 HH06 48 Q0669388 E, 1845419 N

2 HH02 48 Q0669180 E, 1844891 N

3 HH05 48 Q0669192 E, 1844713 N

4 HH03 48 Q0669391 E, 1844786 N

5 HH01 48 Q0672801 E, 1844683 N

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The identification of mammal was mainly based on the surveyor’s experience in addition with references from:

 A Field Guide to the Mammals of Southeast Asia (Charles M. Francis, 2008)

 IUCN Red List 2020

 Identification Guide for Vietnam Mammals (John W. K. Parr and Hoang Xuan Thuy, 2008)

2.2.3.4 Herpetofauna

2.2.3.4.1 Interview During field survey, we investigated open-ended interviews method to ask local people if they have information on amphibian and reptilian. Image catalogue was shown to local people to check their final confirmation. Two interviewers approached three responders and show them a series of colored photographs of potentially occurred species with conservation concerns. Interviewees were all asked if they ever encountered any species from the photo catalogue. If the responders said they encountered a species from the list, a series of questions regarding the biological details of such species would be asked to ensure the responder were providing reliable information. When the interviewers were confident about the reliability of the information, they would ask the responders to provide more information on time, location, situation of each encountering cases that the responders have experienced within past 5 years.

2.2.3.4.2 Line transect survey Diurnal survey was carried out along main road where turbines proposed to built, small trails from the main road that across different habitats (planted Acacia forests, coffee farm and rice fields), and along water reservoirs. Nocturnal survey was at rice fields and small streams surrounding.

Figure 2.8 Herpetofauna survey transects

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Table 2.9 Summary of transect survey effort

Transect Transect length Survey date Time of survey Survey effort (km) (hours)

PNDT1 2.194 16th May 2020 07:00 to 11:00 4

PNDT2 2.852 16th May 2020 14:00 to 17:00 3

PNNT1 1.226 16th May 2020 22:00 to 23:00 1

PNNT2 0.633 16th May 2020 18:00 to 21:30 3.5

Amphibian and reptilian individuals were collected by hand and snake stick. Most of them were taken photographs in the field then released back to the habitat. Some specimens were made by shaping them in alcohol 70o in 12 hours, these for double check identification in laboratory at Zoology Lab., University of Science, Vietnam National University. Amphibians and reptiles were then identified according to scientific references: Vassilieva et al. (2016); Das et al. (2019); Poyarkov et al. (2014) (for amphibians); Smith (1943); Campden-Main (1984) (for snakes); and Taylor (1963); Smith (1935); Nguyen et al. (2019); Neang et al. (2018) (for lizards). Scientific names of amphibians were updated following Frost (2020) while reptiles were following Uetz et al. (2020).

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3. RESULT

3.1 Desktop study

3.1.1 Terrestrial Flora

3.1.1.1 Literature Review The most relevant documents for flora reference of the project area are Mahood et al., 2008 (The Biodiversity of Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve, Quang Tri Province, Vietnam) and Le Trong Trai et al., 1999 (A feasibility Study for Establishment of Phong Dien (Thua Thien Hue Province) and Dakrong (Quang Tri Province) Nature Reservers, Vietnam). According to Le Trong Trai et al., 1999, there were 597 plant species belonged to 118 families have been recorded in Dakrong and Phong Dien Nature Reserves. Field surveys in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve have recorded up to 920 plant species belonged to 130 families (Mahood et al., 2008). Compiling from the two reports and scanning within updated IUCN redlist 2020 and VNRD 2007 a total of 27 threatened species (belongs to 18 families) might occur in vicinity project area and listed in Table 3.1. These species are risk due to overexploitation because of their value on medicinal, ornamental and timber purposes. However, the habitat of these plants is natural forest, hence they could be rarely occurred in secondary forest or private lands as in the project area.

Table 3.1 List of threatened plants species in Bac Huong Hoa, Dakrong and Phong Dien Nature Reserves

No. Scientific name Family IUCN/VRDB

1 Cephalotaxus mannii Hook. f. TAXACEAE VRDB: VU; IUCN: VU

2 Aglaia dasyclada F.C. How & T.C. Chen MELIACEAE IUCN: VU

3 Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte THYMELAEACEAE VRBD: EN; IUCN: CR

4 Ardisia silvestris Pit. PRIMULACEAE VRDB: VU

5 Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. MELIACEAE VRDB: VU

6 Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte LAURACEAE VRDB: VU; IUCN: EN

7 Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) Meisn. LAURACEAE VRDB: CR; IUCN: DD

8 Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. MENISPERMACEAE VRDB: VU

9 Croton touranensis Gagnep. EUPHORBIACEAE VRDB: VU; IUCN: VU

10 Dalbergia entadoides Pierre ex Gagnep.) FABACEAE IUCN: DD

11 Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blaco DIPTEROCARPACEAE VRDB: VU; IUCN: CR

12 Dipterocarpus hasseltii Blume DIPTEROCARPACEAE IUCN: CR

13 Dipterocarpus kerrii King DIPTEROCARPACEAE IUCN: CR

14 Erythrophleum fordii Oliv. FABACEAE IUCN: EN

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No. Scientific name Family IUCN/VRDB

15 Melientha suavis Pierre OPILIACEAE VRDB:VU

16 Sindora tonkinensis A. Chev. ex K. Larsen & S.S. FABACEAE IUCN: DD Larsen

17 Anoectochilus setaceus Blume ORCHIDACEAE VRDB: EN

18 Dendrobium amabile (Lour.) O’Brien ORCHIDACEAE VRDB: EN

19 Dendrobium farmeri Paxton ORCHIDACEAE VRDB: VU

20 Livistona saribus (Lour.) Merr. ex A. Chev. = ARECACEAE IUCN: DD Livistona tonkinensis Magalon

21 Asarum balansae Franch. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE VRDB: EN

22 Lithocarpus fenestratus (Roxb.) Rehder FAGACEAE VRDB: VU

23 Pasania hemisphaerica Hickel & A. Camus = FAGACEAE VRDB: VU Lithocarpus hemisphaerica (Drake) Barnett

24 Strychnos ignatii P.J. Berius LOGANIACEAE VRDB: VU

25 Michelia bailonii (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep. = MAGNOLIACEAE VRDB: VU Paramichelia bailonii (Pierre) H.H. Hu

26 Benkara depauperata (Drake) Ridsdale = RUBIACEAE VRDB: VU Fagerlindia depauperata (Drake) Tirveng.

27 Madhuca pasquieri (Dubard) H.J. Lam SAPOTACEAE VRDB: EN

Source: VRDB: Vietnam Red Data Book 2007; IUCN: IUCN Redlist 2020

3.1.2 Avifauna

3.1.2.1 Literature Review The project is about 20 km west from Dakrong Nature Reserve, which is recognized internationally an Important Bird Area (IBA) (Tordoff 2002; Birdlife International 2020a). According to (Birdlife International 2020b), project area is also located in Annamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Area (EBA) (The Annamese lowlands cover the lowlands and foothills of north-central Vietnam from Ninh Binh to Thua Thien Hue provinces) that sheltering various endemic or restricted range bird species (RRS) such as the Edwards's Pheasant Lophura edwardsi (IUCN: CR, endemic), Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellate (IUCN: EN, RRS), Indochinese Wren Babbler Rimator danjoui (IUCN: NT, RRS), Sooty Babbler Stachyris herberti (IUCN: LC, RRS), Grey-faced Tit-babbler Mixorniskellyi (IUCN: LC, RRS) and White-cheeked Laughinghtrush Garrulax vassal (IUCN: LC, RRS). Number of bird species recorded in vicinity nature reserves were high variation. Only 171 bird species were listed for Dakrong and Phong Dien Nature Reserves (Trai et al., 1999) while 207 bird species listed for Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve (Trai et al., 2005; Mahood et al., 2008). Of these, three species are categorized highly threatened:

 Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellate (IUCN: EN, VNRD: VU)

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This species was considered as formerly common in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve (Le Trong Trai in litt. 2018). It was also recorded in Huong Lap and Huong Son communes during survey in 2002 (Le Manh Hung et al., 2002). It is severely threatened by hunting throughout its range, together with a reduction in the extent and quality of forested habitat within the range, this has likely led to a very rapid rate of population decline, which is projected to continue.

 Edwards's Pheasant Lophura edwardsi (IUCN: CR, VDRD: EN) This pheasant remains classified as Critically Endangered following revisions of its taxonomic limits, because the lack of recent records suggests that the remaining wild population is likely to be extremely small and severely fragmented, with all subpopulations being tiny. Declines have been driven by high levels of hunting pressure and lowland forest deterioration. There were no sightings of wild birds since the year of 2000 (Matthew Grainger, 2011) and thus it is not possible to find at project area.

 Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Although it is a widespread species in Southeast Asia, this species This species is restricted to large tracts of undisturbed forest within a region experiencing high rates of deforestation. High hunting pressure is likely exacerbating the population decline caused by habitat loss. Our review indicates that this species is commonly seen at Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve (Mahood et al., 2008, Le Manh Hung et al., 2002, eBird, 2020).

3.1.2.2 Scanning Biodiversity Database eBird to May 2020 has listed 214 species occurred in Quang Tri Province however only 111 species were recorded at Deo Sa Mu of Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve and 51 species recorded at Dakrong Nature Reserve which all were seen at Deo Sa Mu. Igottera accessed in May 2020 listed 87 species from 87 species from Bac Huong Hoa Natture Reserve which no species different compare to eBird). Compiled from literature review and scanning data, about 377 species of 75 families (names and taxonomy followed by Birdlife system 2020) may occur at project area and its vicinity (Attachment A). According to IUCN, there were total 1 Critically Endangered (CR) species, 1 Endangered (EN) species and 1 Vulnerable (VU) species. On the other hand, Vietnam Red Databook 2007 recognized no (zero) Critically Endangered (CR) species, 1 Endangered (EN) species and 9 Vulnerable (VU) species Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 List of significant conservation bird species may occur at project area and its vicinity

No. English name Scientific name Family

Global 2020 Red IUCN List Vietnam Data 2007 Red Book

1 Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata Phasianidae EN VU

2 Edwards's Pheasant Lophura edwardsi Phasianidae CR EN

3 Siamese Fireback Lophura diardi Phasianidae LC VU

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No. English name Scientific name Family

Global 2020 Red IUCN List Vietnam Data 2007 Red Book

4 Coral-billed Ground-cuckoo Carpococcyx renauldi Cuculidae LC VU

5 Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster Anhingidae NT VU

6 River Lapwing Vanellus duvaucelii Charadriidae NT VU

7 Lesser Fish-eagle Icthyophaga humilis Accipitridae NT VU

8 Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis Bucerotidae VU VU

9 Austen's Brown Hornbill Anorrhinus austeni Bucerotidae NT VU

10 Blyth's Kingfisher Alcedo hercules Alcedinidae NT LR

11 Red-collared Woodpecker Picus rabieri Picidae NT LR

12 Grey-headed Parakeet Psittacula finschii Psittacidae NT LR

13 Blossom-headed Parakeet Psittacula roseata Psittacidae NT LR

14 Red-breasted Parakeet Psittacula alexandri Psittacidae NT LR

15 White-winged Magpie Urocissa xanthomelana Corvidae NT LR

16 Sooty Babbler Stachyris herberti Timaliidae LC VU

17 Indochinese Wren-babbler Rimator danjoui Pellorneidae NT LR

3.1.3 Bats

3.1.3.1 Literature review

Literature review (Đặng Ngọc Cần et al., 2008; Kruskop, 2013; Manh et al., 2009; Ngo Kim Thai et al, 2013; Son and Csorba, 2007; Vuong Tan Tu, 2013) has indicated that almost nothing is known about bat diversity in the Huong Hoa - Dakrong protection forest; whereas data on bats recorded in Bac Huong Hoa and Dakrong Nature Reserves or may occur in Quang Tri province consist of at least 55 bat species (Attachment B). Among these, 06 are currently considered as nationally threatened species based on Vietnam Red Data Book (MOST, 2007); whereas only Hipposideros scutinares is currently considered as “VU- Vulnerable” or “high risk of endangerment in the wild” in the IUCN Redlist (IUCN, 2020) as it is known from a few locations within the Annamite Range and the population is small projected to decline at a rate of 10% over the next 15 years (Furey et al., 2019). In addition, two additional species have

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been categorised as“DD - data deficient" in the IUCN Redlist (IUCN, 2020) as little or no information is available on their abundance and distribution, while four other ones have not yet having been assessed by the IUCN as they were either recently described or re-evaluated their species rank (Table 3.3).

Table 3.3 Bat species of high conservation values recorded or may occur in Quang Tri province

No Scientific name English Name Vietnamese Name IUCN VNRDB

1 Cynopterus brachyotis Lesser Dog-faced Fruit Dơi chó cánh ngắn LC VU Bat

2 Rhinolophus Bourret's Horseshoe Bat Dơi lá quạt LC VU paradoxolophus

3 Rhinolophus thomasi Rhinolophus thomasi Dơi lá tô-ma LC VU

4 Hipposideros scutinares Shield-nosed roundleaf Dơi nếp mũi Prat VU bat

5 Harpiocephalus harpia Hairy-winged Bat Dơi mũi ống cánh lông LC VU

6 Ia io Great Evening Bat Dơi io LC VU

7 Murina beelzebub Black Tube-nosed Bat Dơi mũi ống lông đen DD

8 Murina feae Ashy-gray Tube-nosed Dơi mũi ống lông chân NE Bat

9 Murina fionae Fiona's Tube-nosed Bat Dơi mũi ống sọ lồi NE

10 M. annamiticus Annamit Myotis Dơi tai việt nam DD

11 M. siligorensis Himalayan whiskered bat Dơi tai sọ cao LC R

12 Tylonycteris fulvida Lesser Bamboo Bat Dơi chân đệm thịt bé NE

13 Tylonycteris malayana Greater bamboo bats Dơi chân đệm thịt lớn NE

Notes: IUCN: DD=Data Deficient, LC=Least Concern, VU=Vulnerable; R–Rare; NE- not evaluated

3.1.4 Non-volant terrestrial mammals

3.1.4.1 Literature Review The project site is located within a largely anthropogenically modified landscape, with varying amounts of remnant highly degraded and fragmented forest remnants remaining in two of the sites. They are separated from Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve and Dak Krong Nature Reserve by large swaths of even more heavily degraded and anthropogenically modified landscape as well as on the North and East by Ho Chi Minh Tay and AH16 highway, and from the South by Xe Pon river anthropogenic corridor. The western most site lies adjacent to better forest itself connected with a larger area of forest in Lao, which is approximately 5 times the size of combined remnant forest patches in the survey area. A part of Dong Phou Vieng Protected Area in Lao also located within the proximity of 50km from the survey areas. The Phou Xang He protected area also has quite similar natural conditions like the survey

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areas, therefore, the mammal list for Phou Xang He was also reviewed to provide the best likelihood of presence for wildlife species in survey sites. Various surveys were conducted in the effort to determine the list of mammal species presenting in in these protected areas. Some noticeable surveys conducted in Dak Krong Nature Reserve and Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve includes:

 Nguyen Tuan Anh et al., (2017) recorded 14 mammal species by 9 camera traps, which were set up for one year in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve. However, Muntjac group were not identified into species, therefore, it was unclear about the presence of important species such as Large- antlered Muntjac (Muntiacus vuquangensis) [IUCN CR] and Roosevelts’ Muntjac Group (Muntiacus rooseveltorum s.l.) [IUCN DD].

 Khong Trung (2014) recorded a list of 89 mammal species (included bats) for Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve. Important species were confirmed by camera traps and direct observation include Annamite Striped Rabbit (Nesolagus timminsi) [IUCN: EN], Gaur (Bos gaurus) [IUCN: VU], Large-antlered Muntjac, Red-shanked Douc Langur (Pygathrix nemaeus) [IUCN: EN] and Hatinh Langur (Trachypithecus hatinhensis) [IUCN: EN].

 Mahood et al., (2008) recorded a list of 47 mammal species (not including bats) for Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve. In this report, important species such as Red-shanked Douc Langur, Gibbon (Nomascus sp.) [IUCN: EN], Annamite Striped Rabbit, Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica) [IUCN: CR], Large-antlered Muntjac, Gaur were confirmed by direct observation. Records of Sao La were mainly based on interview with local people which was difficult to confirm their observations.

 Le Trong Trai et al., (1999) listed a total of 43 non-volant mammal species for Dak Krong Nature Reserve and Phong Dien with special notice on four endemic species include Gibbon, Red- shanked Douc Langur, Large-antlered Muntjac and Saola. Especially, a survey conducted by Le Manh Hung et al., (2002) in Huong Hoa district covering Huong Phung ward, which is close to the project site in this report. The major results of this survey is come from interviewing results, which focused on endemic and threatened species as Large-antlered Muntjac, Saola, Annamite Striped Rabbit, Red-shanked Douc Langur, Tiger and bears. The records of these large mammals are mainly originated from the period of 1980s that are exacerbated at the present due to intensive hunting and habitat lost. Therefore, there was not much information on the species presence. For further review on the probability of presence of mammal species in survey areas, a table of species references in Dong Phou Vieng and Phou Xang He protected areas is also compiled in table below, in comparison with Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve.

3.1.4.2 Scanning Biodiveristy Database The database scanning results presented 39 species of mammal may occur in project area, showing in Table 3.4 and Attachment C. In this list, according to IUCN, there were total 01 Critically Endangered (CR) species, 04 Endangered (EN) species, 04 Vulnerable (VU) species. On the other hand, Vietnam Red Databook 2007 recognised 05 Endangered (EN) species and 11 Vulnerable (VU) species.

Table 3.4 List of non-volant mammal species may occur in project area and it vicinity

No English Name Scientific Name IUCN Red Vietnam Red Book . List

1 Northern Treeshrew Tupaia belangeri LC

2 Northern Slow Loris Nycticebus bengalensis VU VU A1c,d

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No English Name Scientific Name IUCN Red Vietnam Red Book . List

3 Pygmy Slow Loris Nycticebus pygmaeus VU VU A1c,d

4 Stump-tailed Macaque Macaca arctoides VU VU A1c,d B1 + 2b,c

5 Northern Pig Tailed Macaca leonina VU VU A1c,d Macaque

6 Assammese Macaque Macaca assamensis NT VU A1c,d

7 Red-shanked Douc Pygathrix nemaeus EN EN A1a,c,d B2b

8 Gibbon Nomascus sp. EN EN A1c,d C2a

9 Black Giant Squirrel Ratufa bicolor NT VU A1a,c,d

10 Pallas's Squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus LC

11 Red-cheeked Squirrel Dremomys rufigenis LC

12 Cambodian Striped Squirrel Tamiops rodolphii LC

13 Indian Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista philippensis LC VU A1c

14 Flying Squirrel Hylopetes sp(p).

15 Hairy-footed flying squirrel Belomys pearsonii DD

16 Bamboo Rat Rhizomys sp. LC

17 Malayan Porcupine Hystrix brachyura LC

18 Asiatic Brush-tailed Atherurus macrourus LC Porcupine

19 Yellow-bellied Weasel Mustela kathiah LC

20 Stripe-backed Weasel Mustela strigidorsa LC

21 Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata LC

22 Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus LC hermaphroditus

23 Small-toothed Palm Civet Arctogalidia trivirgata LC LR nt

24 Large Indian Civet Viverra zibetha LC Observed

25 Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica LC

26 Owston's Palm Civet Chrotogale owstoni EN VU A1c,d C1

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No English Name Scientific Name IUCN Red Vietnam Red Book . List

27 Spotted Linsang Prionodon pardicolor LC VU A1 c,d

28 Ferret Badger Melogale LC

29 Yellow-throated Marten Martes flavigula LC

30 Small Asian Mongoose Herpestes javanvicus LC

31 Crab-eating Mongoose Herpestes urva LC

32 Annamite Striped Rabbit Nesolagus timminsi EN EN B1a+2aD

33 Sunda Pangolin Manis javanica CR EN A1c,d C1+2a

34 Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis LC

35 Eurasian Wild Pig Sus scrofa LC

36 Red Muntjac Muntiacus vaginalis LC VU A1c,d C1

37 Lesser Oriental Chevrotain Tragulus kanchil DD VU A1a,d C1

38 Rooseveltorum Group Muntiacus rooseveltorum DD DD Muntjac s.l.

39 Chinese Serow Capricornis milneedwardsii NT EN A1c,d B1+2a,b C2a

Note: LC – Least Concern, VU – Vulnerable, NT – Near Threatened, EN – Endangered, DD – Data Deficient, CR – Critically Endangered.

3.1.5 Herpetofauna

3.1.5.1 Literature review To date, the herpetofauna of the project site has been not fully known. Most studies on amphibians and reptiles in Quang Tri province were conducted in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve (NR), Dakrong NR and coastal plains. Mahood & Tran (2008) mentioned 28 species in total (three species of amphibians and 25 species of reptiles) for the Bac Huong Hoa NR citied from the previous studies of Orlov & Ho (2005), Dang Ngoc Can et al. (2006), and Cao (2007). Ngo Dac Chung et al. 2009 documented 36 amphibian species and 53 reptilian species in the Dakrong NR. However, a complete species list from this study was not available. In the book of Herpetofauna of Vietnam (Nguyen et al. 2009), 58 species of reptiles and amphibians were listed as occurring in Huong Hoa District. Ngo Dac Chung et al. 2012 recorded 38 amphibian species and 64 reptilian species for Quang Tri province from surveys conducted in Dak Rong NR and coastal plains but not provided a complete species list.

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Nguyen et al. 2016 described 16 amphibian and 15 reptiles species in Bac Huong Hoa NR of which five species were listed in the VNRB 2007 (three species listed as VU and two as EN); seven species were listed in IUCN 2016 (one species listed as NT, two as VU, two as EN, and one as CR). Five species of turtle were documented, of the turtles only Cyclemys oldhamii was in the wild, two additional C. oldhamii in local trade, and four species, Platysternon megacephalum, C. bourreti, Cuora mohoutii obsti, and Manouria impressa were also seen in local communities around Bac Huong Hoa NR and reportedly caught in the protected area. Hoang Ngọc Thao et al. 2019 listed 36 amphibians and 77 reptiles in Quang Tri province from specimens and literature review (Attachment D).

3.1.5.2 Scanning Biodiversity Database Base on the fully and latest species list of amphibians and reptiles in Quang Tri province (Hoang et al. 2019, Attachment D), our database scanning found two frog species and 11 reptilian species are listing as threatened in IUCN Red list 2020 (Table 3.5). According to IUCN, there were total 2 Critically Endangered (CR) species, 5 Endangered (EN) species, 5 Vulnerable (VU) species. On the other hand, Vietnam Red Databook 2007 recognised 2 Endangered (EN) species and 3 Vulnerable (VU) species. All of threatened species are distributed in primary and secondary in protected areas (Ngo et al. 2012; Nguyen et al. 2016). In the proposed project areas which are mainly plantation forests and farms, together with strong pressure of habitat loss and hunting, the presence probability of those threatened species may be low.

Table 3.5 List of threatened species of amphibian and reptilian in Quang Tri province

No Species English name IUCN VNRB 2007 2020

1 Quasipaa verrucospinosa Verrucosa Spiny Frog NT

2 Microhyla annamensis Annam narrow-mouthed Frog VU

3 Physignathus cocincinus Chinese Water-dragon VU VU A1c,d

4 Platysternon megacephalum Big-headed Turtle EN EN A1d + 2d

5 Cuora bourreti Bourret’s Box Turtle CR

6 Cuora mouhotii Southern keeled box Turtle EN

7 Cuora galbinifrons Vietnamese box Turtle CR EN A1d+2d

8 Manouria impressa Impressed Tortoise VU VU A1c,d+2d

9 Mauremys mutica Asian brown Pond-turtle EN

10 Sacalia quadriocellata Four-eyed Turtle EN

11 Amyda cartilaginea Asiatic Softshell Turtle VU

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No Species English name IUCN VNRB 2007 2020

12 Palea steindachneri Wattle-necked Softshell-turtle EN VU A1c,d+2cd

13 Naja atra Chinese Cobra VU

3.2 Field Survey

3.2.1 Flora survey

3.2.1.1 Taxonomic composition and distribution of plants within the project area A total of 42 plant taxa (mostly identified to species, 5 specimens were not identified yet due to lack of flower) belong to 30 families were reconignized in project area through the line transect surveys. The most commonly families were Rutaceae and Fagaceae (4 taxa); Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae and Thelyperidaceae (3 taxa), other families have only 1 or 2 taxa.

Number taxa of each family 5

4

3

2

1

0

Poaceae

Pinaceae

Rutaceae

Fagaceae

Moraceae

Rosaceae

Lamiaceae

Asteraceae

Cibotiaceae

Altingiaceae

Smilacaceae

Blechnaceae

Cyatheaceae

Polygalaceae

Apocynaceae

Apocynaceae

Lindsaeaceae

Caprifoliaceae

Lecythidaceae

Dioscoreaceae

Lycopodiaceae

Euphorbiaceae

Gleicheniaceae

Chloranthaceae

Elaeocarpaceae

Thelypteridaceae Hamamelidaceae Dipterocarpaceae

Figure 3.1 Number of flora taxa by family In general, vegetation at Phong Nguyen wind power project is dominated by forest plantation. The plantation is mixed by pine (Pinus merkusii), Vernicia montana, Liquidambar formosana and other forest plants such as tree fern (Alsophila latebrosa Wall. ex Hook.), Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm., Barringtonia sp., Smilax sp., Schefflera sp. and bamboo while the bushes is dominated by Alpinia sp., Crotalaria sp., Indigofera sp., Mussaenda sp., Rubus ssp. The area is also occupy by some large trees of the genus Elaeocarpus. Five invasive species were recorded such as Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa, Mimosa pudica, Mimosa pigra and Chromolaena odorata. Therefore, the construction need to be made under care of those species to prevent the effect of them on the biological diversity. One species (Barringtonia scortechinii King) is a new record to Vietnam with the confirmation from Prof. Gillean Prance, an expert on Barringtonia species. This species is previously known from Indonesia, Malaysia and Laos. The specimen in Laos was collected in Khammuane Province which shares the borders with Quang Tri Province, hence the appearance of this species in Vietnam can be predicted.

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One confirmed species (Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese ) is listed as Vulnerable (VU) in IUCN redlist 2020 however this species is not an Vietnamese native species and widely replanted in the central region of Vietnam. The vegetation of each area described detail and listed in Table 3.6 and further detail in Attachment E.

Table 3.6 List of plant species recorded at Phong Nguyen windfarm project

No. Scientific name Family Vietnamese name IUCN/VRDB

1 Vernicia montana Lour. Euphorbiaceae Trẩu

2 Liquidambar formosana Hance Altingiaceae Sâu trắng, Bạch giao, Trao, Sau sau

3 Sauropus sp. Euphorbiaceae

4 Dioscorea sp. Dioscoreaceae

5 Lonicera japonica Thunb. Caprifoliaceae Kim ngân

6 Ficus esquiroliana H. Lév. Moraceae Sung Esquirol

7 Polygala chinensis L. Polygalaceae Bất hoán, Kích nhũ Trung Quốc

8 Hedyotis cf. lineata Roxb. Rubiaceae An điền

9 Rubus cochinchinensis Tratt. Rosaceae Dum ngấy, Ngấy trắng

10 Rubus sp. Rosaceae

11 Pronephrium sp. Thelypteridaceae Ráng tiền thận

12 Alsophila latebrosa Wall. ex Hook. Cyatheaceae Ráng Tiên tọa rộng

13 Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm. Cibotiaceae Cẩu tích, Lông cu li

14 Eustigma balansae Oliv. Hamamelidaceae Chân thư Balansa

15 Barringtonia scortechinii King Lecythidaceae Chiếc Scortechini New record to Vietnam

16 Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese Pinaceae Thông 2 lá IUCN: VU

17 Ficus sp. 2 Moraceae

18 Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae Cỏ cứt heo

19 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Apocynaceae Hoa sữa, mò cua

20 Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae Xuyến chi, Song nha

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No. Scientific name Family Vietnamese name IUCN/VRDB

21 Blechnum orientale L. Blechnaceae

22 Christella parasitica (L.) H. Lév. Thelypteridaceae

23 Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & Asteraceae Cỏ lào, yên bạch H. Rob.

24 Crotalaria sp. Fabaceae Sục sạc

25 Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Itô Thelypteridaceae

26 Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Gleicheniaceae Ráng Tây sơn Underw.

27 Elaeocarpus sp. Elaeocarpaceae Côm

28 Hopea odorata Roxb. Dipterocarpaceae Sao đen

29 Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic. Serm. Lycopodiaceae Thông đất

30 Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright Fabaceae Trinh nữ móc

31 Mimosa pigra L. Fabaceae Mai dương

32 Mussaenda sp. Rubiaceae Bướm bạc

33 Odontosoria chinensis (L.) J. Sm. Lindsaeaceae Rán Ô phỉ

34 Smilax sp. Smilacaceae

35 Streptocaulon griffithii Hook. f. Apocynaceae Hà thủ ô

36 Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxb. ex Poaceae Đót Hornem.) Honda

37 Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. ex Rutaceae Hoàng mộc nhiều gai Hook. f.

38 Rubiaceae

39 Fagaceae

40 Chloranthaceae

41 Euphorbiaceae

42 Lamiaceae

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3.2.1.2 Invasive plants Five allien invasive species were found at Phong Nguyen project area. All of them occur along the edge of forest (plantation) or along the road. Of the five species, the Mimosa pigra is the most dangerous situation as it can spread easily through construction activities.

Table 3.7 List of allien invasive species reorded in Phong Nguyen

No. Scientific name Family Vietnamese name

1 Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae Cỏ cứt heo

2 Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae Xuyến chi, Song nha

3 Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Asteraceae Cỏ lào, yên bạch

4 Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright Fabaceae Trinh nữ móc

5 Mimosa pigra L. Fabaceae Mai dương

3.2.1.3 Vegetation type mapping

Vegetation of Phong Nguyen project is considered only one type, it is “reforested platation” which can be divided into four specific sub-categories:

 Mono plantation of Trau/Vernicia (Vernicia montana)

 Mono plantation of Merkus Pine (Pinus merkusii)

 Mixed plantation of Merkus Pine and Vernicia, Acacia hybrid

 Mixed variety plantation of Vernicia, Merkus Pine Chinese Sweet Gum (Liquidambar formosana) and other natural forest species such as tree fern Alsophila latebrosa, Cibotium barometz, Barringtonia sp., Smilax sp., Schefflera sp. and bamboo Distinguish the sub-category by remote sensing or using satellite imagery is likely impossible, further survey is required, otherwise vegetation mapping of the project area therefore only one type, it is reforested plantation as Figure 3.2.

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Figure 3.2 Mono vegetation type within Phong Nguyen Wind Power Project

3.2.2 Terrestrial Fauna Survey

3.2.2.1 Birds

3.2.2.1.1 Species richness Species composition was compiled from two observation methods, total 53 bird species were recorded (belong to 25 families). Vantage point count recorded 47 species while line transect survey recorded 51 species. 45 species observed by both VP count and line transect surveys. There were 2 species observed by VP survey but not seen during transect survey (Himalayan Swiftlet and Green-billed Malkoha) while 6 species recorded by transect survey but were not detetcted by VP count. All recorded species are considered as common in the region, none of them are listed threatened category in IUCN red list nor Vietnam Red Data Book (Table 3.8). The most common families were Columbidea (dove and pigeon) and Accipitridae (raptor) which have 5 species recorded, follwoing are Apodidae (swift) and Cuculidae (cuckoo) which have 4 species (Figure 3.3).

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Number species of family 6 5 4 3 2 1

0

Irenidae

Laniidae

Strigidae

Oriolidae

Corvidae

Apodidae

Sturnidae

Cuculidae

Artamidae

Timaliidae

Dicruridae

Meropidae

Vireonidae

Psittacidae

Trogonidae

Accipitridae

Columbidae

Phasianidae

Pellorneidae

Hirundinidae

Leiotrichidae

Zosteropidae

Pycnonotidae Megalaimidae

Campephagidae

Figure 3.3 Number species of each bird family

Table 3.8 List of the birds recorded in Phong Nguyen windfarm project

No. English name Scientific name Family

PNVP1 PNVP2 PN transectsurvey

1 Bar-backed Partridge Arborophila Phasianidae X X X brunneopectus

2 Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus Phasianidae X

3 Oriental Turtle-dove Streptopelia orientalis Columbidae X X

4 Eastern Spotted Dove Spilopelia chinensis Columbidae X X

5 Barred Cuckoo-dove Macropygia unchall Columbidae X X X

6 Pin-tailed Green-pigeon Treron apicauda Columbidae X

7 Mountain Imperial-pigeon Ducula badia Columbidae X X X

8 Himalayan Swiftlet Aerodramus brevirostris Apodidae X

9 Edible-nest Swiftlet Aerodramus fuciphagus Apodidae X

10 Pacific Swift Apus pacificus Apodidae X X X

11 House Swift Apus nipalensis Apodidae X X X

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No. English name Scientific name Family

PNVP1 PNVP2 PN transectsurvey

12 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis Cuculidae X X

13 Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis Cuculidae X X X

14 Green-billed Malkoha Phaenicophaeus tristis Cuculidae X X

15 Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus Cuculidae X X X

16 Collared Owlet Glaucidium brodiei Strigidae X X

17 Crested Serpent-eagle Spilornis cheela Accipitridae X X X

18 Rufous-bellied Eagle Lophotriorchis kienerii Accipitridae X X

19 Black Eagle Ictinaetus malaiensis Accipitridae X X X

20 Shikra Accipiter badius Accipitridae X X

21 Besra Accipiter virgatus Accipitridae X

22 Red-headed Trogon Harpactes Trogonidae X X erythrocephalus

23 Blue-bearded Bee-eater Nyctyornis athertoni Meropidae X X

24 Chestnut-headed Bee-eater Merops leschenaulti Meropidae X X

25 Coppersmith Barbet Psilopogon Megalaimidae X X haemacephalus

26 Red-vented Barbet Psilopogon lagrandieri Megalaimidae X X X

27 Moustached Barbet Psilopogon incognitus Megalaimidae X X X

28 Vernal Hanging-parrot Loriculus vernalis Psittacidae X X

29 Maroon Oriole Oriolus traillii Oriolidae X X X

30 White-bellied Erpornis Erpornis zantholeuca Vireonidae X

31 Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus Campephagidae X

32 Indochinese Cuckooshrike Lalage polioptera Campephagidae X X

33 Large Cuckooshrike Coracina javensis Campephagidae X X

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No. English name Scientific name Family

PNVP1 PNVP2 PN transectsurvey

34 Ashy Woodswallow Artamus fuscus Artamidae X X

35 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Dicruridae X X X

36 Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus Dicruridae X X X

37 Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach Laniidae X X

38 Racquet-tailed Treepie Crypsirina temia Corvidae X X

39 Common Green Magpie Cissa chinensis Corvidae X X

40 Large-billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos Corvidae X

41 Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica Hirundinidae X X X

42 Black Bulbul Hypsipetes Pycnonotidae X X X leucocephalus

43 Sooty-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus aurigaster Pycnonotidae X X X

44 Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus Zosteropidae X X

45 White-browed Scimitar- Pomatorhinus Timaliidae X X babbler schisticeps

46 Pin-striped Tit-babbler Mixornis gularis Timaliidae X X

47 Spot-throated Babbler Pellorneum albiventre Pellorneidae X X

48 Rufous-cheeked Garrulax castanotis Leiotrichidae X X X Laughingthrush

49 White-cheeked Garrulax vassali Leiotrichidae X X Laughingthrush

50 Silver-eared Mesia Leiothrix argentauris Leiotrichidae X X

51 White-shouldered Starling Sturnia sinensis Sturnidae X X

52 Crested Myna Acridotheres cristatellus Sturnidae X X

53 Asian Fairy-bluebird Irena puella Irenidae X X

(Observation methods: 1 = recorded by both VP count and line transect survey, 2 = recorded only by line transect survey)

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3.2.2.1.2 Species considered Prone to Collision During the survey, 77 hours (Attachment F) were spent undertaking VP count method surveys (38 hours at VP1 and 39 hours at VP2). Totally 394 records of 47 species, of which, 33 species were observed at VP1 while 32 species were observed at VP2. Number species recorded at the two VPs are similar however the species composition is different, there were 13 species were detected at VP2 but those did not occur at VP1, likewise 16 species at VP1 were not found at VP2 (Table 3.10). In other aspects, individual of birds detected at VP1 were 247 records of 445 individuals and 147 reords of 484 individuals at VP2 (Figure 3.4).

600

484 500 445

400

300 247

200 147

100 33 32 0 VP1 VP2

Numer of Records Number of species Bird counted

Figure 3.4 Comparison records and diversity of birds between two VPs

3.2.2.1.3 Bird activities at vantage point and bird traffic A total of 28,245 seconds of bird flying was observed from the two vantage points (7,920 seconds at VP1 and 20,325 at VP2). The observation results were also indicated that 61% of time that birds flew in RSZ (band 2) while only 14% below RSZ (band 1) and 25% above RSZ (band 3), this issue can be explained because the project area is hilly (a bird flies from the hill to valley will cross down to RSZ.

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14%

25%

61%

Band 1 Band 2 Band 3

Figure 3.5 Percentage of bird flying through different heigh band

20000 18750 18000 16000 14190 14000 12000 10000 7605 8000 6345 6000 4305 4560

4000 3045 Totalseconds bird flying 2000 1260 1260 0 Band 1 Band 2 Band 3

Time flying at VP1 Time flying at VP2 Total time in both VPs

Figure 3.6 Flight pattern of birds recorded at Phong Nguyen wind power

3.2.2.1.4 Flock size At VP1, maxium flock 22 individuals of Pacific Swift was observed which mean number of birds in observed flock was 5.5 birds (second greatest), the species which had greatest mean number of birds in observed flock was House Swift (6.25 birds). At VP2, the biggest flock was 55 individuals of Pacific Swift and had mean number of birds in observed in flock 9.33 (second greatest), the Red-rumped Swallow had greatest mean number of birds in observed flock (16.67 birds) however this species was recorded only three times at VP2 during survey. In general, average flock size observed was higher at VP2 compare to VP1, (2.21 birds and 1.86 birds respectively).

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Table 3.9 Average flock size of each species observed at Phong Nguyen Wind Power project

No. English name Mean of flock VP1 Mean of flock VP2

1 House Swift 6.25 4.97

2 Pacific Swift 5.50 9.33

3 Crested Serpent-eagle 1.13 0.62

4 Mountain Imperial-pigeon 1.52 2.00

5 Red-rumped Swallow 3.75 16.67

6 Himalayan Swiftlet 2.80

7 Chestnut-headed Bee-eater 1.42

8 Black Eagle 1.00 4.00

9 Ashy Woodswallow 1.50

10 Shikra 1.00

11 Large Cuckooshrike 1.25

12 Ashy Drongo 1.00 1.00

13 Barred Cuckoo-dove 1.00 1.50

14 Crested Myna 2.07

15 Indian Cuckoo 1.00 1.00

16 Black Drongo 1.00 1.25

17 White-shouldered Starling 1.89

18 Bar-backed Partridge 1.00

19 Oriental Turtle-dove 1.50

20 Eastern Spotted Dove 1.00

21 Pin-tailed Green-pigeon

22 Greater Coucal 1.00

23 Lesser Coucal 1.00 1.00

24 Green-billed Malkoha 1.00

25 Collared Owlet 1.00

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No. English name Mean of flock VP1 Mean of flock VP2

26 Rufous-bellied Eagle 1.00

27 Red-headed Trogon 1.00

28 Blue-bearded Bee-eater 1.00

29 Coppersmith Barbet 1.00

30 Red-vented Barbet 1.00 1.00

31 Moustached Barbet 1.00 1.00

32 Vernal Hanging-parrot 1.00

33 Maroon Oriole 1.00 1.00

34 Indochinese Cuckooshrike

35 Long-tailed Shrike 1.00

36 Racquet-tailed Treepie 1.00

37 Common Green Magpie 1.00

38 Black Bulbul 2.00 1.75

39 Sooty-headed Bulbul 2.29 0.43

40 Oriental White-eye 2.50

41 White-browed Scimitar-babbler 1.00

42 Pin-striped Tit-babbler 1.00

43 Spot-throated Babbler 1.00

44 Rufous-cheeked Laughingthrush 1.00 1.00

45 White-cheeked Laughingthrush 10.00

46 Silver-eared Mesia 1.00

47 Asian Fairy-bluebird 1.00

Max 10.00 16.67

Average 1.86 2.21

Min 1.00 0.43

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18.00 17.00 16.00 15.00 14.00 13.00 12.00 11.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00

Mean Mean numberof birds in observed flock 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 VP1 VP2 Vantage point

Figure 3.7 Mean of flock size at each Vantage Point

3.2.2.1.5 Collision Risk Table 3.10 below showing detail results from VPs count, there were 5 species considered as high-risk to collision including House Swift, Pacific Swift, Crested Serpent Eagle, Mountain Imperial-pigeon and Red-rumped Swallow. However, those species are common with low population, if we applied collision risk matrix (Table 2.3), none of recorded species are listed as global threatened species, thus Phong Nguyen windfarm project is likely low impact, at least during dry/none migratory season.

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Table 3.10 Results of vantage point count at Phong Nguyen windfarm project

No. English name Records Counts Flight Band 1 Flight Band 2 Flight Band 3 Total time band 2 Collision risk

VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2

1 House Swift 4 39 25 194 30 330 90 8040 90 1845 8130 high

2 Pacific Swift 6 9 33 84 0 60 270 2730 135 0 3000 high

3 Crested Serpent-eagle 8 13 9 8 0 75 1200 930 450 1215 2130 high

4 Mountain Imperial-pigeon 29 1 44 2 150 0 1050 30 45 0 1080 high

5 Red-rumped Swallow 4 3 15 50 45 0 270 750 45 855 1020 high

6 Himalayan Swiftlet 5 14 0 540 0 540 medium

7 Chestnut-headed Bee-eater 43 61 600 390 45 390 medium

8 Black Eagle 4 1 4 4 30 0 360 0 450 1215 360 medium

9 Ashy Woodswallow 4 6 15 180 0 180 medium

10 Shikra 1 1 0 120 0 120 low

11 Large Cuckooshrike 4 5 15 120 0 120 low

12 Ashy Drongo 11 1 11 1 150 15 120 0 0 0 120 low

13 Barred Cuckoo-dove 7 2 7 3 120 30 0 60 0 0 60 low

14 Crested Myna 14 29 255 60 0 60 low

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No. English name Records Counts Flight Band 1 Flight Band 2 Flight Band 3 Total time band 2 Collision risk

VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2

15 Indian Cuckoo 8 1 8 1 150 0 30 0 0 0 30 low

16 Black Drongo 3 4 3 5 45 60 0 30 0 45 30 low

17 White-shouldered Starling 9 17 120 30 0 30 low

18 Bar-backed Partridge 1 1 15 0 0 0 low

19 Oriental Turtle-dove 2 3 30 0 0 0 low

20 Eastern Spotted Dove 1 1 15 0 0 0 low

21 Pin-tailed Green-pigeon 0 low

22 Greater Coucal 2 2 0 0 0 0 low

23 Lesser Coucal 7 8 7 8 105 105 0 0 0 0 0 low

24 Green-billed Malkoha 1 1 15 0 0 0 low

25 Collared Owlet 2 2 0 0 0 0 low

26 Rufous-bellied Eagle 3 3 60 0 765 0 low

27 Red-headed Trogon 1 1 15 0 0 0 low

28 Blue-bearded Bee-eater 1 1 0 0 0 0 low

29 Coppersmith Barbet 1 1 15 0 0 0 low

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No. English name Records Counts Flight Band 1 Flight Band 2 Flight Band 3 Total time band 2 Collision risk

VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2

30 Red-vented Barbet 1 4 1 4 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 low

31 Moustached Barbet 1 1 1 1 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 low

32 Vernal Hanging-parrot 1 1 15 0 0 0 low

33 Maroon Oriole 3 1 3 1 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 low

34 Indochinese Cuckooshrike 0 low

35 Long-tailed Shrike 7 7 105 0 0 0 low

36 Racquet-tailed Treepie 1 1 15 0 0 0 low

37 Common Green Magpie 1 1 0 0 0 0 low

38 Black Bulbul 8 4 16 7 120 60 0 0 0 0 0 low

39 Sooty-headed Bulbul 14 47 32 20 210 300 0 0 0 0 0 low

40 Oriental White-eye 2 5 30 0 0 0 low

41 White-browed Scimitar-babbler 1 1 0 0 0 0 low

42 Pin-striped Tit-babbler 1 1 0 0 0 0 low

43 Spot-throated Babbler 1 1 0 0 0 0 low

44 Rufous-cheeked Laughingthrush 1 3 1 3 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 low

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No. English name Records Counts Flight Band 1 Flight Band 2 Flight Band 3 Total time band 2 Collision risk

VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2

45 White-cheeked Laughingthrush 1 10 15 0 0 0 low

46 Silver-eared Mesia 4 4 0 0 0 0 low

47 Asian Fairy-bluebird 1 1 15 0 0 0 low

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3.2.2.2 Bats

3.2.2.2.1 Potential bat roosts and foraging areas within the project area The observation during the field survey indicated that most proposed wind turbines are surrounded mostly by Mu oil tree plantations (Vernicia montana) or meadow. At several turbines, the Mu oil tree plantations mixed with secondary forest (Figure 3.8). There are also some water bodies (i.e. streams and ponds) in and nearby project area, but most of these were in drought due to hot and dry weather of dry season. During the survey, the observation and interview with local people confirmed that there is none of cave or rock crevice in the project area. However, a variety of habitats, particularly the secondary forest patches found sporadically in the foothills or valleys wthin project area, can provide suitable day roosts of bat colonies with small number of individuals or foraging areas of local bat assemblages including fruit-eating bats (Figure 3.8)

Access road Mu oil tree plantation

Opened habitats 2nd forest patches at the foothills

Figure 3.8 Major habitat types within and nearby project area

3.2.2.2.2 Overall bat diversity within and nearby project area During the survey, rain with thunderstorms and strong winds usually occur before dusk or early morning. This weather condition might have affected the bat activity and efficiency of live-trappings and acoustic samplings.

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Based on live-trappings and acoustic samplings, the habitats within project area supports at least 20 bat species (Figures 7-8; Table 2.4). Of which, the overall species richness recorded by both has varied between 08 and 15 bat species among surveyed sites (Table 2.5). Live-trappings: 23 bats representing 08 species of four families were captured by live-traps set at ground level in two surveyed sites (Figure 3.9; Table 3.11). Of the captured bats, most females were still lactating, while several juveniles started weaning. This suggests that March–July period may be the critical period of breeding season of local bat fauna – which is consistent with the former report in the North of Vietnam (e.g. Furey et al. 2011).

Rousettus cf. leschenaultii Sphearias blanfordi

Megaerops niphanae Rhinolophus affinis

Rhinolophus pusillus Hipposideros scutinares

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Kerivoula titania Kerivoula depressa

Figure 3.9 Portraits of bat species captured by live-trapping during field study Acoustic samplings: The passive acoustic samplings at 06 point-counts within the project areas (Figure 3.8; Table 3.3) also recorded 2962 bat passes. These detected bats were identified into 15 phonic types/species including 12 have not been captured by live-samplings (Figure 3.10; Table 2.5). Based on the acoustic keys, four phonic types of CF bats may be attributed to species of the two families, Rhinolophidae (R. luctus, R. pearsonii and R. malayanus) and Hipposideridae (Hipposideros armiger). Likewise, of the 08 detected FM bat species that are called as end frequencies (e.g. FM17– FM56), only one is provisionally identitied as Myotis cf. muricola (FM56) while the identity of the resting ones is waiting for the reference calls of captured bats during future trapping efforts.

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A – CF (constant frequency) bat species

B –FM (frequency modulate) bat species

Figure 3.10 Echolocation call structures of bat species recorded by acoustic samplings during the present survey

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Table 3.11 Bat species found within the surveyed transects in Phong Nguyen Wind Farm

N0 Scientific name Common name IUCN Site: C: Captured; E - Acoustic detection

1. Pteropodidae Fruit bats PN01* PN02 PN03 PN04* PN05 PN06*

Rousettus cf. leschenaultii Fulvous fruit bat LC C(2)

Megaerops niphane Greater Shortnosed Fruit Bat LC C(6)

Sphearias blanfordii Blanford’s fruit bat LC C(3)

2. Rhinolophidae Horseshoe bat

Rhinolophus affinis Intermediate horseshoe bat LC E E, C(2) E E

Rhinolophus luctus Wooly horseshoe bat LC E

Rhinolophus pearsonii Pearson’s horseshoe bat LC E

Rhinolophus malayanus Chasen’s horseshoe bat LC E

Rhinolophus pusillus Least horseshoe bat LC E E, C(1) E E

3. Hipposideridae Leaf-nosed bats

Hipposideros armiger Great leaf-nosed bat LC E

Hipposideros scutinares Shield-nosed Leaf-nosed Bat VU C(1) E

4. Vespertilionidae Vesper bats

Kerovoula depressa Flat-headed woolly bat NE C(1) C(5)

Kerivoula titania Titania’s woolly bat LC C(2)

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N0 Scientific name Common name IUCN Site: C: Captured; E - Acoustic detection

1. Pteropodidae Fruit bats PN01* PN02 PN03 PN04* PN05 PN06*

Myotis cf. muricola (FM56) Nepalese whiskered myotis LC E E E E E

Phonic type/species (FM17) E E E E E E

Phonic type/species (FM30) E E E E E E

Phonic type/species (FM35) E E E E E E

Phonic type/species (FM45) E E E

Phonic type/species (FM40) E E E E E E

Phonic type/species (FM50) E E E E E

5. Emballoniridae Sheath-tailed bats

Taphozous sp. (FM24) Tomb bat LC E E E E E E

Total 9 15 8 9 12 10

Legend: IUNC: VU – Vunerable;LC – Least concern; NA – Not Evaluated; cf. – initial species identification. - * Transects surveyed by acoustic sampling only; Numbers of bats recorded by live-trapping are given in parenthesis;

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3.2.2.2.3 Conservation significance As presented in the Table 3.11, the identity of seven bat species detected by acoustic samplings remains to be investigated and thus their conservation status is unknown. Likewise, all identified species in the project area were previously recorded or known to be able to occur in Quang Tri province (Attachment B). Of which, Hipposideros scutinares is currently listed as VU (Vulnerable) in the IUCN Red List of the Threatened Species (IUCN, 2020); while all the rests including Kervioula depressa (formerly included as K. hardwickii) are not globally or nationally threatened species. It should be noted that Hipposideros scutinares, and other bat species i.e. Hipposideros armiger, Taphozous sp. are known to roost in caves; whereas during the survey, none of cave has been found/documented within the project vicinity. This suggests that this vulnerable species may roost in nearby areas and can forage preys in the project area. In addition, based on the results of live-trappings and acoustic samplings, the relative abundance of this vulnerable species in the project area might be low. However, the nightly activity pattern of this vulnerable species and other co-ddistributed bats within the project area might be biased the low sampling efforts (e.g. only three-night samplings), the availability of insects, habitats or weather conditions. Therefore, further investigations are needed to assess their temporal and spatial variation in population size and activity.

3.2.2.2.4 Collision Risk Based on their foraging strategies a large number of bat species recorded in the project area, including the globally vunerable Hipposideros scutinares are recognized as “low risk of collision”, while Rousettus leschenaultia, Myotis muricola, Taphozous sp., and other seven unidentified FM bats species are open foragers and thus can be regarded as “high risk of collision” with wind turbines (Table 3.12) (See section “Assessment of potential risks of collision at wind farms” for further explanations).

Although the two fruit-eating bat species, Megaerops niphanae and Sphearias blanfordii are known to fly into the partially cluttered airspaces under the range of heights swept by turbine blades, they were still regarded as “medium risk of collision”. This is because they are relatively large-size bats and can be attracted by the rich of ripe fruits or nectar from trees existing in the areas surrounding the proposed turbines within project area.

Table 3.12 Collision risks of bat species recorded in Phong Nguyen Wind Farm

Scientific name Roosting Foraging Collision risk preferences Strategies1

Cynopterus sphinx Foliage IV Medium

Macroglossus sobrinus Foliage IV Medium

Rhinolophus affinis Cave, hollow tree I Low

Rhinolophus luctus Cave, hollow tree I Low

Rhinolophus malayanus Cave, hollow tree I Low

Rhinolophus pusillus Cave, hollow tree I Low

Hipposideros scutinares Cave, hollow tree I Low

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Scientific name Roosting Foraging Collision risk preferences Strategies1

Kerovoula depressa Hollow tree, banana leaf I Low

Kerivoula titania Hollow tree, banana leaf I Low

Murina cyclotis Hollow tree, banana leaf I Low

Myotis cf. muricola Crevice, building, hollow tree III High

Phonic type/species (FM17) III High

Phonic type/species (FM30) III High

Phonic type/species (FM35) III High

Phonic type/species (FM40) III High

Phonic type/species (FM50) III High

Taphozous sp. (FM24) Cave III High

Legend: 1see section “Assessment of collision risks of bat species” for the description of the foraging strategy of recorded species.

3.2.2.2.5 Nightly activity patterns of echolocating bats within the project area

Overall activity patterns of echolocating bats within the project area Of the recorded species during the survey, three fruit-eating bat taxa cannot use echolocation for navigation at night while some other insectivores including Kerivoula spp. are known to emit calls with low energies to be detected by bat detectors. Meanwhile, all other species can be acoustically assessed. As the result, the comparison of nightly activity patterns of latter bat species at different sites recorded by acoustic samplings were then analyzed separately. Accordingly, the species richness (no. of bat species recorded per night) at each sites varied between 07 and 10 species (Figure 3.11). Whereas, the overall relative abundance (representing by number of bat passes/night) of local bats was found to be highest at PN06 followed by PN05, PN03, PN02, PN01 and lowest at PN04 (Figure 3.11). These spatial variation in nightly activity patterns among surveyed sites was consistent with the heterogeneity of available habitats within the project area. For instance, while PH05-PH06 are surrounded by suitable habitats for roosting or foraging of local bats (e.g. secondary forests, streams), the other sites (PH01-PH04) are surrounded by most plantation or opened habitats.

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1200 Bat passes/night 13 1060 1000 12 793 11 800 10 600 481 9 368 400 8

180 No. of bat passes/nightofNo.bat 200 speciesofNo.recorded 80 7 0 6 PN01 PN02 PN03 PN04 PN05 PN06

Figure 3.11 Overall activity patterns of bat assemblages per surveyed sites recorded by acoustic samplings

Nightly bat activity among surveyed sites per acoustic samplings The nightly bat activity detected by acoustic sampling at surveyed sites within the project area is depicted in the Figure 3.12, Figure 3.13 and Figure 3.14. 210 Mean Min Max 180

150

120

90

Bat pass/hourBat 60

30

0 18pm19pm20pm21pm22pm23pm 0am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am

Figure 3.12 Average nightly bat species richness among surveyed sites

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10 Mean Min Max

8

6

4 Speciesrichness 2

0 18pm 19pm 20pm 21pm 22pm 23pm 0am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am

Figure 3.13 Average nightly abundance of bats (no. of bat passes/hour) among surveyed sites per acoustic samplings

200 180 160 140 120 100 80

Bat pass/hourBat 60 40 20 0 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am m m m m m m PN01 20 4 8 1 3 4 14 1 21 17 46 41 PN02 34 44 52 44 36 35 15 17 30 19 14 28 PN03 102 32 10 24 98 59 9 10 1 7 75 54 PN04 2 1 4 2 2 1 0 10 10 3 17 28 PN05 38 36 31 29 48 38 58 123 173 139 70 10 PN06 69 136 94 76 115 61 63 124 91 171 39 21

Figure 3.14 Distribution of nightly abundance of bats (no. of bat passes/hour) among surveyed sites per acoustic samplings In general, bat activity patterns were found to be varied among sites (or habitats, time of the night and weather conditions. The nightly bat activity at surveyed sites is generally characterized by bimodal peaks of foraging activity (Figure 3.12 and Figure 3.14; Attachment E) which is consistent with the findings of previous studies elsewhere in temperate zones (Ciechanowski et al., 2010; Gehrt and Chelsvig, 2004; Hayes, 1997; Krauel and LeBuhn, 2016). The two foraging bouts were confined to a

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few hours immediately after sunset (i.e. from 19 to 22 hrs) and from 02 to 04 hrs; while between the two bouts, bat activity was reduced.

Potential impacts to bats and other wildlife in and around the project vicinity During the survey, none of direct human impacts (e.g. hunting or banishing) on bat assemblage within project vicinity was documented. However, some human activities including building access roads and grazing (Figure 3.15) in and nearby the project site might reduce the quality of local environment and consequently impact negatively on bats and other wildlife. These potential negative impacts include the disturbance of nightly activity patterns including the prevention/barriers to the connectivity or flyways of bat populations roosted in the project vicinity and adjacent areas.

Grazing Road building

Figure 3.15 Habitat loss or degradation within and nearby project area

3.2.2.3 Non-volant terrestrial mammals Investigations on non-volant terrestrial mammals always require a subtaintial amount of time to fully record the presence of these species because they are much more sensitive to human’s activities than other groups of animals. Even with interview survey, there’s a need for time to check on the accuracy of the information (for example, local names for species, or communication understanding) that local people provided on the wildlife populations within the areas. Since the survey time is short while there are always significant bias in interviewing local people with species names or even detail descriptions, for example, a local name for a species can be easily misunderstood as a name of different species following the interviewer’s experience. Therefore, due to time shortage, interviews are mainly employed to confirm the presence of key groups of species, except when the local people can show persuasive evidence such as a video of the animal or distinctive characteristics of a species. As a result, there is not much direct records of species presence at the first stage of the survey. By employing high technology of camera trapping, the bigger picture of the non-volant terrestrial mammal will be hopefully provided at the second stage of the survey, when all cameras will be retrieved.

During this survey, a total of 7 people were interviewed for the mammal’s information including 3 rangers and 4 frontier solders, who live in Phong Nguyen. 100% of interviewees confirmed the presence of Red- shanked Douc Langur living around the checking station of the frontier solders. These solders even recorded a video of them. 28% of interviewees confirmed hearing gibbon singing, mainly in rainy season. 14% also confirmed that there is still other groups of macaque living in Phong Nguyen. None of the interviewees seems knowing about Loris as well as think that large mammals such as Muntjac still survive. 43% confirmed that there are at least 3 species of civets still living in Phong Nguyen, however, they are becoming rarer to see.

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For the opportunistic observation, a total of 16.37 km of track was employed for both day and night survey. The same as described in Le Manh Hung et al. (2002), the habitat in Phong Nguyen is heavily degraded and exploited for plantations. However, this area still have some remained patches of evergreen forest, which are certainly essential habitats for many important species (Figure 3.16).

Figure 3.16 Remnants of evergreen forest near Phong Nguyen

The opportunistic observation survey recorded a total of four species including Pallas’s Squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus) [IUCN LC], Black Giant Squirrel (Ratufa bicolor ) [IUCN NT], Red-shanked Douc Langur (Pygathrix nemaeus ) [IUCN EN] and Pygmy Slow Loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus) [IUCN EN].

Table 3.13 List of non-volant mammal recorded at Phong Nguyen wind power project

English Name Scientific Name Coordinates (UTM) Observers

Pygmy Slow Loris Nycticebus pygmaeus 669921 E, 1845458 N Bao

Red-shanked Douc Langur Pygathrix nemaeus 669411 E, 1845425 N Minh

Black Giant Squirrel Ratufa bicolor 672697 E, 1844849 N Minh, Tu

Pallas's Squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus 672132 E, 1844727 N Minh, Tam

Based on the geographical location of the survey area in addition with habitat conditions, intervewing local people, references of species distribution in adjacent areas and consultation of Rob Timmins, there are very likely that some significant species also present in the area even though there haven’t been any direct records. Besides species confirmed directly by observation, the table indicated 19 species are very likely to occur at project area, 5 species are likely, 6 species possible occurring and 5 species unlikely but have been there in the past (Table 3.14). Belows are some key important species that need to be considered in Phong Nguyen. Slow Loris [IUCN VU]

Slow Loris have a wide distribution from the north to center of Vietnam. However, there haven’t been any direct record of Slow Loris for this survey area as well as other adjacent area like Bac Huong Hoa

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Nature Reserve. Nevertheless, previous surveys in Bac Huong Hoa still recorded that Slow Loris present in the area (Mahood et al. 2008). In Phou Xanghe of Lao, this species is recorded as a common species (Duckworth et al. 1993). Therefore, this is not particularly surprising given a general lack of suitable levels of survey effort required to detect the species and the difficulty of identifying the species and seperating it from Pygmy Slow Loris. Rooseveltorum Muntjac's Group [IUCN DD] If muntjacs are still present within any forest fragments of Phong Nguyen, a taxon within this species group is the ‘species’ most likely to be present based on results of camera trapping from numerous Northern Annamite sites (R.J. Timmins pers. comm.). Taxonomy of this group is confused, and assigning specific species status if indeed any muntjacs in this species group remain would be impossible at present (Timmins et al. 2016). Gibbon [IUCN EN] It seems unlikely that any gibbons could remain, however during the survey, local people reported that they heard gibbon singing in rainy season, from their village in Huong Do 2. The taxon present if not yet extirpated would likely be difficult to determine given uncertainties of taxonomy and diagnostic differences between the two putative taxa, N. siki and N. annamensis, that may or may not occur in this region of the annamites. Red-shanked Douc Langur [IUCN EN] A group of 5 individuals was observed near turbine #04 location (669411 E, 1845425 N UTM) on May 18, 2020. According to forest rangers and frontier soldiers, this mammal species is still often occurring in the area but it move largely through Laos border. Annamite Striped Rabbit [IUCN EN]

Mahood et al. (2008) and Khong Trung (2014) recorded this species’ presence in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve. Annamite Striped Rabbit is endemic to the Annamites and relatively resilient to snares. It is likely that this species still presents in the remained forests of Phong Nguyen. Sunda Pangolin [IUCN CR]

Pangolin is a heavily hunted species for wildlife trade, however, this species also doesn’t require broad spectrum of habitat to survive. They are nocturnal animals, which are very hard to observe directly. They are also resilient to snaring, therefore, there’s also a chance that this species still survives in Phong Nguyen. The camera trap results might support some more evidence of mammals occur in Phong Nguyen project however we have to wait until next survey to collect memory cards.

Table 3.14 List of non-volant mammal and their likelihood in Phong Nguyen

No. English Name Scientific Name IUCN Red VNRD Likelihood List

1 Northern Treeshrew Tupaia belangeri LC VL

2 Northern Slow Loris Nycticebus bengalensis VU VU A1c,d VL

3 Pygmy Slow Loris Nycticebus pygmaeus VU VU A1c,d Confirmed

4 Stump-tailed Macaca arctoides VU VU A1c,d L Macaque B1 + 2b,c

5 Northern Pig Tailed Macaca leonina VU VU A1c,d U Macaque

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No. English Name Scientific Name IUCN Red VNRD Likelihood List

6 Assammese Macaca assamensis NT VU A1c,d VL Macaque

7 Red-shanked Douc Pygathrix nemaeus EN EN A1a,c,d Confirmed Langur B2b

8 Gibbon Nomascus sp. EN EN A1c,d U C2a

9 Black Giant Squirrel Ratufa bicolor NT VU A1a,c,d Confirmed

10 Pallas's Squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus LC Confirmed

11 Red-cheeked Squirrel Dremomys rufigenis LC VL

12 Cambodian Striped Tamiops rodolphii LC VL Squirrel

13 Indian Giant Flying Petaurista philippensis LC VU A1c VL Squirrel

14 Flying Squirrel Hylopetes sp(p). VL

15 Hairy-footed flying Belomys pearsonii DD VL squirrel

16 Bamboo Rat Rhizomys sp. LC VL

17 Malayan Porcupine Hystrix brachyura LC P

18 Asiatic Brush-tailed Atherurus macrourus LC P Porcupine

19 Yellow-bellied Weasel Mustela kathiah LC U

20 Stripe-backed Weasel Mustela strigidorsa LC L

21 Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata LC VL

22 Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus LC VL hermaphroditus

23 Small-toothed Palm Arctogalidia trivirgata LC LR nt VL Civet

24 Large Indian Civet Viverra zibetha LC Observed VL

25 Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica LC VL

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No. English Name Scientific Name IUCN Red VNRD Likelihood List

26 Owston's Palm Civet Chrotogale owstoni EN VU A1c,d U C1

27 Spotted Linsang Prionodon pardicolor LC VU A1 c,d VL

28 Ferret Badger Melogale LC VL

29 Yellow-throated Martes flavigula LC VL Marten

30 Small Asian Herpestes javanvicus LC L Mongoose

31 Crab-eating Herpestes urva LC L Mongoose

32 Annamite Striped Nesolagus timminsi EN EN P Rabbit B1a+2aD

33 Sunda Pangolin Manis javanica CR EN A1c,d L C1+2a

34 Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis LC VL

35 Eurasian Wild Pig Sus scrofa LC VL

36 Red Muntjac Muntiacus vaginalis LC VU A1c,d U C1

37 Lesser Oriental Tragulus kanchil DD VU A1a,d P Chevrotain C1

38 Rooseveltorum Group Muntiacus rooseveltorum DD DD P Muntjac s.l.

39 Chinese Serow Capricornis milneedwardsii NT EN A1c,d P B1+2a,b C2a

Note: LC – Least Concern, VU – Vulnerable, NT – Near Threatened, EN – Endangered, DD – Data Deficient, CR – Critically Endangered. VL = Very Likely, L = Likely, P = Possible, U = Unlikely, EX = presumed extirpated Source: Based on the geographical location of the survey area in addition with habitat conditions, interviewing results, references of species distribution in adjacent areas and consultation of Rob Timmins Threats Among sites being surveyed, Phong Nguyen is promising site for wildlife. However, this site is also facing with two most serious threats: Habitat lost: Besides the transition into plantation throughout most of the top area running along the hills in the survey area, logging is another serious problem which is happening intensively in most of

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remained evergreen forest. For every effort of approaching these patches of forests, logging is always recorded, mainly along the slope of these hills. Hunting: Industrial snare lines were employed heavily in most of the remnants of evergreen forests. This hunting method is one among top crisis causing many species on the edge of extinction. It’s very likely that snaring is one of the main cause for the disappearance of many ground dwelling mammals in Phong Nguyen.

3.2.2.4 Herpetofauna Ten (10) species frog were collected, all of them are common species with wide range distribution (Table 3.15). For reptiles, four lizard species and four snake species were recorded. According to forest rangers, the Chinese water dragon (Physignathus cocincinus) occurs on trees along streams in this area. However, this species was not collected in surveys. The species is restricted to low-elevation closed-canopy forests along water courses and listed as Vulnerable in the Red list of IUCN. Major threats of this species are harvesting pressure and habitat loss due to agriculture and development. Another reptilian species are common species (Table 3.14).

Table 3.15 Amphibian and reptilian species composition recorded in Phong Nguyen

No Scientific name Common name Sources IUCN 2020 VNRB 2007

AMPHIBIA

1 Duttaphrynus melanostictus Asian common toad Specimen LC

2 Limnonectes poilani Poilan’s forest frog Specimen LC

3 Fejervarya limnocharis Rice field frog Specimen LC

4 Occidozyga martensii Round-tongue Specimen LC floating frog

5 Microhyla heymonsi Taiwan rice frog Specimen LC

6 Microhyla mukhlesuri Narrow-mouthed frog Specimen LC

7 Microhyla pulchra Pygmy frog Specimen LC

8 Sylvirana nigrovittata Black-striped frog Specimen LC

9 Polypedates mutus Burmese whipping Specimen LC frog

10 Duttaphrynus melanostictus Asian common toad Specimen LC

REPTILIA

1 Physignathus cocincinus Chinese water Interview VU VU A1c,d dragon

2 Calotes emma Emma Gray's forest Specimen NA lizard

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No Scientific name Common name Sources IUCN 2020 VNRB 2007

3 Gekko gecko Tokay gecko Interview LC VU A1c,d

4 Hemidactylus frenatus Common house Specimen LC gecko

5 Hebius leucomystax White-lipped Specimen LC keelback

6 Rhabdophis subminiatus Red-necked keelback Specimen NA

7 Bungarus candidus Malayan krait Interview NA

8 Bungarus fasciatus Banded krait Interview LC

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4. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Habitat loss issues and disturbance The Phong Nguyen windfarm project is located in the forest, although this forest is replanted, the habitats support some high value biodiversity, e.g mammals. Our survey results recorded some important species such as Red-shanked Duoc Langur (IUCN: EN, VNRD: EN) and other species are possible inhabit in project area, therefore during construction of this project might be threat to mammal species. Our next survey reuslt is nessessary for mitigation management. 4.2 Impacts on bat Although the seasonal variation in activity patterns of local bat assemblages in project area is not available and awaits the completion of additional survey in rainy season, the achievements of the recent bat survey at sites in and nearby Phong Nguyen WF project has indicated that:

 The project vicinity and nearby areas support at least 17 bat species of four families. Apart from Hipposideros scutinares which is currently listed as VU in the IUCN Redlist, all other recorded bat species are known as least concern or common in many regions across the country;

 It is noteworthy that a half of bat species found with high relative abundance within the surveyed sites are characterized by their foraging strategies that were considered as “high risk of collision” with wind turbine.

 Evidence to date has showed the patterns of bat activity varied in relation to time of night, habitat, and weather conditions (temperature, rainy). Therefore, further investigations are needed to estimate temporal and spatial activity patterns of local bats to develop effective mitigation measures during the post construction of wind turbines.

 During the recent survey, although only a few suitable roosting and foraging areas were found within the project’s vicinity, these remaining habitats have continuously been converted or degraded by a number of human activities. 4.3 Impacts on bird The survey results indicate some risk to collision of several bird species, however these species are common thus it is not significant impacts during construction and operation of the Phong Nguyen windfarm Project on bird assemblages.

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5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Further study in rainy season are needed to provide accurate conclusion and to develop an adaptive management, monitoring and mitigation.

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REFERENCES

Agranat, I. (2014). Detecting Bats with Ultrasonic Microphones: Understanding the effects of microphone variance and placement on detection rates (Wildlife Acoustics Inc.).

Agut, Aurelien, & Khanh, Nguyen Quoc. (2018). Guidelines on Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for Wind Power Projects in Vietnam Retrieved from Ministry of Industry and Trade, Vietnam

Arnett, E.B. et al. (2008) Patterns of bat fatalities at wind energy facilities in North America. Journal of Wildlife Management 72: 61–78.

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LIST OF BIRDS RECORDED IN BAC HUONG HOA AND DAKRONG NATURE RESERVES OR HAVE DISTRIBUTION RANGE INCLUDING QUANG TRI PROVINCE

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Nomenclature and taxonomy system followed Birdlife International 2020

No. English name Scientific name Family Group IUCN 2020 VNRD

1 Bar-backed Partridge Arborophila brunneopectus Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse LC

2 Green-legged Partridge Arborophila chloropus Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse LC

3 Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse NT VU

4 Grey Peacock-pheasant Polyplectron bicalcaratum Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse LC

5 Chinese Francolin Francolinus pintadeanus Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse LC

6 Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse LC

7 Silver Pheasant Lophura nycthemera Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse LC

8 Edwards's Pheasant Lophura edwardsi Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse CR EN

9 Siamese Fireback Lophura diardi Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse LC VU

10 Lesser Whistling-duck Dendrocygna javanica Anatidae Ducks, Geese, Swans LC

11 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis Podicipedidae Grebes LC

12 Oriental Turtle-dove Streptopelia orientalis Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

13 Red Turtle-dove Streptopelia tranquebarica Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

14 Eastern Spotted Dove Spilopelia chinensis Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

15 Barred Cuckoo-dove Macropygia unchall Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

16 Rock Pigeon Columba livia Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

17 Grey-capped Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

18 Orange-breasted Green- Treron bicinctus Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC pigeon

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No. English name Scientific name Family Group IUCN 2020 VNRD

19 Thick-billed Green-pigeon Treron curvirostra Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

20 Pin-tailed Green-pigeon Treron apicauda Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

21 Yellow-vented Green-pigeon Treron seimundi Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

22 Wedge-tailed Green-pigeon Treron sphenurus Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

23 Mountain Imperial-pigeon Ducula badia Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

24 Hodgson's Frogmouth Batrachostomus hodgsoni Podargidae Frogmouths LC

25 Grey Nightjar Caprimulgus jotaka Caprimulgidae Nightjars LC

26 Large-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus macrurus Caprimulgidae Nightjars LC

27 Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus Caprimulgidae Nightjars LC

28 White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus Apodidae Swifts LC

29 Silver-backed Needletail Hirundapus cochinchinensis Apodidae Swifts LC

30 Himalayan Swiftlet Aerodramus brevirostris Apodidae Swifts LC

31 Edible-nest Swiftlet Aerodramus fuciphagus Apodidae Swifts LC

32 Asian Palm-swift Cypsiurus balasiensis Apodidae Swifts LC

33 Pacific Swift Apus pacificus Apodidae Swifts LC

34 House Swift Apus nipalensis Apodidae Swifts LC

35 Coral-billed Ground-cuckoo Carpococcyx renauldi Cuculidae Cuckoos LC VU

36 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

37 Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

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No. English name Scientific name Family Group IUCN 2020 VNRD

38 Green-billed Malkoha Phaenicophaeus tristis Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

39 Western Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

40 Asian Emerald Cuckoo Chrysococcyx maculatus Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

41 Violet Cuckoo Chrysococcyx Cuculidae Cuckoos LC xanthorhynchus

42 Banded Bay Cuckoo Cacomantis sonneratii Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

43 Plaintive Cuckoo Cacomantis merulinus Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

44 Fork-tailed Drongo-cuckoo Surniculus dicruroides Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

45 Large Hawk-cuckoo Hierococcyx sparverioides Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

46 Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

47 Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

48 Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus saturatus Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

49 Red-legged Crake Rallina fasciata Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

50 Slaty-legged Crake Rallina eurizonoides Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

51 White-browed Crake Amaurornis cinerea Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

52 Slaty-breasted Rail Lewinia striata Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

53 Ruddy-breasted Crake Zapornia fusca Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

54 White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

55 Watercock Gallicrex cinerea Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

56 Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

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No. English name Scientific name Family Group IUCN 2020 VNRD

57 Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

58 Common Coot Fulica atra Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

59 Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans Ciconiidae Storks LC

60 Eurasian Bittern Botaurus stellaris Ardeidae Herons LC

61 Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis Ardeidae Herons LC

62 Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Ardeidae Herons LC

63 Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis Ardeidae Herons LC

64 Malay Night-heron Gorsachius melanolophus Ardeidae Herons LC

65 Black-crowned Night-heron Nycticorax nycticorax Ardeidae Herons LC

66 Green-backed Heron Butorides striata Ardeidae Herons LC

67 Chinese Pond-heron Ardeola bacchus Ardeidae Herons LC

68 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Ardeidae Herons LC

69 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Ardeidae Herons LC

70 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea Ardeidae Herons LC

71 Great White Egret Ardea alba Ardeidae Herons LC

72 Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia Ardeidae Herons LC

73 Little Egret Egretta garzetta Ardeidae Herons LC

74 Pacific Reef-egret Egretta sacra Ardeidae Herons LC

75 Little Cormorant Microcarbo niger Phalacrocoracidae Cormorants LC

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No. English name Scientific name Family Group IUCN 2020 VNRD

76 Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Phalacrocoracidae Cormorants LC

77 Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster Anhingidae Darters NT VU

78 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus Recurvirostridae Avocets, Stilts LC

79 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius Charadriidae Plovers LC

80 River Lapwing Vanellus duvaucelii Charadriidae Plovers NT VU

81 Grey-headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus Charadriidae Plovers LC

82 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus Charadriidae Plovers LC

83 Greater Painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis Rostratulidae Painted-snipes LC

84 Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus Jacanidae Jacanas LC

85 Bronze-winged Jacana Metopidius indicus Jacanidae Jacanas LC

86 Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

87 Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

88 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

89 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

90 Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

91 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

92 Common Redshank Tringa totanus Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

93 Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

94 Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

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No. English name Scientific name Family Group IUCN 2020 VNRD

95 Yellow-legged Buttonquail Turnix tanki Turnicidae Buttonquails LC

96 Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator Turnicidae Buttonquails LC

97 Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarum Glareolidae Coursers, Pratincoles LC

98 Oriental Bay-owl Phodilus badius Tytonidae Barn-owls LC

99 Common Barn-owl Tyto alba Tytonidae Barn-owls LC

100 Brown Boobook Ninox scutulata Strigidae Typical Owls LC

101 Collared Owlet Glaucidium brodiei Strigidae Typical Owls LC

102 Asian Barred Owlet Glaucidium cuculoides Strigidae Typical Owls LC

103 Collared Scops-owl Otus lettia Strigidae Typical Owls LC

104 Mountain Scops-owl Otus spilocephalus Strigidae Typical Owls LC

105 Oriental Scops-owl Otus sunia Strigidae Typical Owls LC

106 Brown Wood-owl Strix leptogrammica Strigidae Typical Owls LC

107 Spot-bellied Eagle-owl Bubo nipalensis Strigidae Typical Owls LC

108 Brown Fish-owl Ketupa zeylonensis Strigidae Typical Owls LC

109 Osprey Pandion haliaetus Pandionidae Osprey LC

110 Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

111 Oriental Honey-buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

112 Jerdon's Baza Aviceda jerdoni Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

113 Black Baza Aviceda leuphotes Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

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No. English name Scientific name Family Group IUCN 2020 VNRD

114 Crested Serpent-eagle Spilornis cheela Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

115 Mountain Hawk-eagle Nisaetus nipalensis Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

116 Changeable Hawk-eagle Nisaetus cirrhatus Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

117 Rufous-bellied Eagle Lophotriorchis kienerii Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

118 Black Eagle Ictinaetus malaiensis Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

119 Crested Goshawk Accipiter trivirgatus Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

120 Shikra Accipiter badius Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

121 Japanese Sparrowhawk Accipiter gularis Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

122 Besra Accipiter virgatus Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

123 White-bellied Sea-eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

124 Lesser Fish-eagle Icthyophaga humilis Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles NT VU

125 Black Kite Milvus migrans Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

126 Grey-faced Buzzard Butastur indicus Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

127 Red-headed Trogon Harpactes erythrocephalus Trogonidae Trogons LC

128 Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis Bucerotidae Hornbills VU VU

129 Austen's Brown Hornbill Anorrhinus austeni Bucerotidae Hornbills NT VU

130 Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros albirostris Bucerotidae Hornbills LC

131 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops Upupidae Hoopoes LC

132 Blue-bearded Bee-eater Nyctyornis athertoni Meropidae Bee-eaters LC

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No. English name Scientific name Family Group IUCN 2020 VNRD

133 Asian Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis Meropidae Bee-eaters LC

134 Chestnut-headed Bee-eater Merops leschenaulti Meropidae Bee-eaters LC

135 Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus Meropidae Bee-eaters LC

136 Indochinese Roller Coracias affinis Coraciidae Rollers LC

137 Oriental Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis Coraciidae Rollers LC

138 Oriental Dwarf-kingfisher Ceyx erithaca Alcedinidae Kingfishers LC

139 Blue-eared Kingfisher Alcedo meninting Alcedinidae Kingfishers LC

140 Blyth's Kingfisher Alcedo hercules Alcedinidae Kingfishers NT LR

141 Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae Kingfishers LC

142 White-breasted Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis Alcedinidae Kingfishers LC

143 Coppersmith Barbet Psilopogon haemacephalus Megalaimidae Asian Barbets LC

144 Red-vented Barbet Psilopogon lagrandieri Megalaimidae Asian Barbets LC

145 Lineated Barbet Psilopogon lineatus Megalaimidae Asian Barbets LC

146 Golden-throated Barbet Psilopogon franklinii Megalaimidae Asian Barbets LC

147 Moustached Barbet Psilopogon incognitus Megalaimidae Asian Barbets LC

148 Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla Picidae Woodpeckers LC

149 White-browed Piculet Sasia ochracea Picidae Woodpeckers LC

150 Speckled Piculet Picumnus innominatus Picidae Woodpeckers LC

151 Bay Woodpecker Blythipicus pyrrhotis Picidae Woodpeckers LC

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152 Greater Flameback Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus Picidae Woodpeckers LC

153 Rufous Woodpecker Micropternus brachyurus Picidae Woodpeckers LC

154 Greater Yellownape Chrysophlegma flavinucha Picidae Woodpeckers LC

155 Lesser Yellownape Picus chlorolophus Picidae Woodpeckers LC

156 Red-collared Woodpecker Picus rabieri Picidae Woodpeckers NT LR

157 Laced Woodpecker Picus vittatus Picidae Woodpeckers LC

158 Grey-capped Woodpecker Picoides canicapillus Picidae Woodpeckers LC

159 Freckle-breasted Dendrocopos analis Picidae Woodpeckers LC Woodpecker

160 Pied Falconet Microhierax melanoleucos Falconidae Falcons, Caracaras LC

161 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Falconidae Falcons, Caracaras LC

162 Amur Falcon Falco amurensis Falconidae Falcons, Caracaras LC

163 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Falconidae Falcons, Caracaras LC

164 Vernal Hanging-parrot Loriculus vernalis Psittacidae Parrots LC

165 Grey-headed Parakeet Psittacula finschii Psittacidae Parrots NT LR

166 Blossom-headed Parakeet Psittacula roseata Psittacidae Parrots NT LR

167 Red-breasted Parakeet Psittacula alexandri Psittacidae Parrots NT LR

168 Rusty-naped Pitta Hydrornis oatesi Pittidae Pittas LC

169 Blue-rumped Pitta Hydrornis soror Pittidae Pittas LC

170 Blue Pitta Hydrornis cyaneus Pittidae Pittas LC

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171 Bar-bellied Pitta Hydrornis elliotii Pittidae Pittas LC

172 Blue-winged Pitta Pitta moluccensis Pittidae Pittas LC

173 Long-tailed Broadbill Psarisomus dalhousiae Eurylaimidae Broadbills LC

174 Silver-breasted Broadbill Serilophus lunatus Eurylaimidae Broadbills LC

175 Maroon Oriole Oriolus traillii Oriolidae Orioles and figbirds LC

176 Black-hooded Oriole Oriolus xanthornus Oriolidae Orioles and figbirds LC

177 Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis Oriolidae Orioles and figbirds LC

178 White-browed Shrike-babbler Pteruthius aeralatus Vireonidae Vireos LC

179 Chestnut-fronted Shrike- Pteruthius aenobarbus Vireonidae Vireos LC babbler

180 White-bellied Erpornis Erpornis zantholeuca Vireonidae Vireos LC

181 Grey-chinned Minivet Pericrocotus solaris Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

182 Short-billed Minivet Pericrocotus brevirostris Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

183 Long-tailed Minivet Pericrocotus ethologus Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

184 Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

185 Ashy Minivet Pericrocotus divaricatus Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

186 Brown-rumped Minivet Pericrocotus cantonensis Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

187 Black-winged Cuckooshrike Lalage melaschistos Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

188 Indochinese Cuckooshrike Lalage polioptera Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

189 Large Cuckooshrike Coracina javensis Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

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190 Ashy Woodswallow Artamus fuscus Artamidae Woodswallows LC

191 Bar-winged Flycatcher-shrike Hemipus picatus Vangidae Vangas LC

192 Large Woodshrike Tephrodornis virgatus Vangidae Vangas LC

193 Common Woodshrike Tephrodornis pondicerianus Vangidae Vangas LC

194 Common Iora Aegithina tiphia Aegithinidae Ioras LC

195 Great Iora Aegithina lafresnayei Aegithinidae Ioras LC

196 White-throated Fantail Rhipidura albicollis Rhipiduridae Fantails LC

197 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Dicruridae Drongos LC

198 Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus Dicruridae Drongos LC

199 Bronzed Drongo Dicrurus aeneus Dicruridae Drongos LC

200 Lesser Racquet-tailed Drongo Dicrurus remifer Dicruridae Drongos LC

201 Hair-crested Drongo Dicrurus hottentottus Dicruridae Drongos LC

202 Greater Racquet-tailed Dicrurus paradiseus Dicruridae Drongos LC Drongo

203 Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea Monarchidae Monarchs LC

204 Oriental Paradise-flycatcher Terpsiphone affinis Monarchidae Monarchs LC

205 Tiger Shrike Lanius tigrinus Laniidae Shrikes LC

206 Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus Laniidae Shrikes LC

207 Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach Laniidae Shrikes LC

208 Ratchet-tailed Treepie Temnurus temnurus Corvidae Crows and jays LC

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209 Racquet-tailed Treepie Crypsirina temia Corvidae Crows and jays LC

210 Grey Treepie Dendrocitta formosae Corvidae Crows and jays LC

211 Red-billed Blue Magpie Urocissa erythroryncha Corvidae Crows and jays LC

212 White-winged Magpie Urocissa xanthomelana Corvidae Crows and jays NT LR

213 Common Green Magpie Cissa chinensis Corvidae Crows and jays LC

214 Indochinese Green Magpie Cissa hypoleuca Corvidae Crows and jays LC

215 Large-billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos Corvidae Crows and jays LC

216 Grey-headed Canary- Culicicapa ceylonensis Stenostiridae Fairy Flycatcher LC flycatcher

217 Sultan Tit Melanochlora sultanea Paridae Tits and chickadees LC

218 Great Tit Parus major Paridae Tits and chickadees LC

219 Yellow-cheeked Tit Machlolophus spilonotus Paridae Tits and chickadees LC

220 Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

221 Golden-headed Cisticola Cisticola exilis Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

222 Hill Prinia Prinia superciliaris Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

223 Rufescent Prinia Prinia rufescens Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

224 Grey-breasted Prinia Prinia hodgsonii Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

225 Yellow-bellied Prinia Prinia flaviventris Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

226 Plain Prinia Prinia inornata Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

227 Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

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228 Dark-necked Tailorbird Orthotomus atrogularis Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

229 Thick-billed Warbler Arundinax aedon Acrocephalidae Reed-warblers LC

230 Black-browed Reed-warbler Acrocephalus bistrigiceps Acrocephalidae Reed-warblers LC

231 Oriental Reed-warbler Acrocephalus orientalis Acrocephalidae Reed-warblers LC

232 Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata Locustellidae Grasshopper-warblers and grassbirds LC

233 Asian House Martin Delichon dasypus Hirundinidae Swallows and martins LC

234 Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica Hirundinidae Swallows and martins LC

235 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Hirundinidae Swallows and martins LC

236 Puff-throated Bulbul Alophoixus pallidus Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

237 Mountain Bulbul Ixos mcclellandii Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

238 Black Bulbul Hypsipetes leucocephalus Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

239 Black-crested Bulbul Pycnonotus flaviventris Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

240 Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

241 Light-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

242 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

243 Sooty-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus aurigaster Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

244 Stripe-throated Bulbul Pycnonotus finlaysoni Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

245 Streak-eared Bulbul Pycnonotus blanfordi Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

246 Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

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247 Yellow-streaked Warbler Phylloscopus armandii Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

248 Radde's Warbler Phylloscopus schwarzi Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

249 Grey-cheeked Warbler Phylloscopus poliogenys Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

250 Grey-crowned Warbler Phylloscopus tephrocephalus Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

251 Bianchi's Warbler Phylloscopus valentini Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

252 Eastern Crowned Warbler Phylloscopus coronatus Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

253 Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

254 Pale-legged Leaf-warbler Phylloscopus tenellipes Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

255 Limestone Leaf-warbler Phylloscopus calciatilis Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

256 White-tailed Leaf-warbler Phylloscopus intensior Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

257 Pale-footed Bush-warbler Hemitesia pallidipes Scotocercidae Bush-warblers LC

258 Asian Stubtail Urosphena squameiceps Scotocercidae Bush-warblers LC

259 Yellow-bellied Warbler Abroscopus superciliaris Scotocercidae Bush-warblers LC

260 Brownish-flanked Bush- Horornis fortipes Scotocercidae Bush-warblers LC warbler

261 Aberrant Bush-warbler Horornis flavolivaceus Scotocercidae Bush-warblers LC

262 Grey-crowned Tit Aegithalos annamensis Aegithalidae Long-tailed Tits LC

263 Yellow-eyed Babbler Chrysomma sinense Sylviidae Old World warblers LC

264 Grey-headed Parrotbill Psittiparus gularis Sylviidae Old World warblers LC

265 Indochinese Yuhina Yuhina torqueola Zosteropidae White-eyes LC

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266 Black-chinned Yuhina Yuhina nigrimenta Zosteropidae White-eyes LC

267 Japanese White-eye Zosterops japonicus Zosteropidae White-eyes LC

268 Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus Zosteropidae White-eyes LC

269 Red-billed Scimitar-babbler Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

270 White-browed Scimitar- Pomatorhinus schisticeps Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC babbler

271 Streak-breasted Scimitar- Pomatorhinus ruficollis Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC babbler

272 Large Scimitar-babbler Erythrogenys hypoleucos Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

273 Grey-throated Babbler Stachyris nigriceps Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

274 Sooty Babbler Stachyris herberti Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC VU

275 Spot-necked Babbler Stachyris strialata Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

276 Chestnut-capped Babbler Timalia pileata Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

277 Pin-striped Tit-babbler Mixornis gularis Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

278 Golden Babbler Cyanoderma chrysaeum Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

279 Rufous-capped Babbler Cyanoderma ruficeps Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

280 Collared Babbler Gampsorhynchus torquatus Pellorneidae Ground babblers LC

281 Puff-throated Babbler Pellorneum ruficeps Pellorneidae Ground babblers LC

282 Spot-throated Babbler Pellorneum albiventre Pellorneidae Ground babblers LC

283 Buff-breasted Babbler Trichastoma tickelli Pellorneidae Ground babblers LC

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284 Abbott's Babbler Malacocincla abbotti Pellorneidae Ground babblers LC

285 Streaked Wren-babbler Turdinus brevicaudatus Pellorneidae Ground babblers LC

286 Indochinese Wren-babbler Rimator danjoui Pellorneidae Ground babblers NT LR

287 Black-browed Fulvetta Alcippe grotei Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

288 Mountain Fulvetta Alcippe peracensis Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

289 Chinese Hwamei Garrulax canorus Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

290 Spot-breasted Garrulax merulinus Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC Laughingthrush

291 Lesser Necklaced Garrulax monileger Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC Laughingthrush

292 White-crested Laughingthrush Garrulax leucolophus Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

293 Rufous-cheeked Garrulax castanotis Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC Laughingthrush

294 Masked Laughingthrush Garrulax perspicillatus Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

295 Black-throated Garrulax chinensis Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC Laughingthrush

296 White-cheeked Garrulax vassali Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC Laughingthrush

297 Greater Necklaced Garrulax pectoralis Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC Laughingthrush

298 Blue-winged Minla Siva cyanouroptera Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

299 Velvet-fronted Nuthatch Sitta frontalis Sittidae Nuthatches and Wallcreeper LC

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300 Purple-backed Starling Agropsar sturninus Sturnidae Starlings LC

301 Black-collared Starling Gracupica nigricollis Sturnidae Starlings LC

302 White-shouldered Starling Sturnia sinensis Sturnidae Starlings LC

303 Chestnut-tailed Starling Sturnia malabarica Sturnidae Starlings LC

304 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis Sturnidae Starlings LC

305 Vinous-breasted Myna Acridotheres leucocephalus Sturnidae Starlings LC

306 Crested Myna Acridotheres cristatellus Sturnidae Starlings LC

307 Common Hill Myna Gracula religiosa Sturnidae Starlings LC

308 Golden-crested Myna Ampeliceps coronatus Sturnidae Starlings LC

309 Dark-sided Thrush Zoothera marginata Turdidae Thrushes LC

310 White's Thrush Zoothera aurea Turdidae Thrushes LC

311 Scaly Thrush Zoothera dauma Turdidae Thrushes LC

312 Green Cochoa Cochoa viridis Turdidae Thrushes LC

313 Siberian Thrush Geokichla sibirica Turdidae Thrushes LC

314 Orange-headed Thrush Geokichla citrina Turdidae Thrushes LC

315 Chinese Blackbird Turdus mandarinus Turdidae Thrushes LC

316 Japanese Thrush Turdus cardis Turdidae Thrushes LC

317 Grey-backed Thrush Turdus hortulorum Turdidae Thrushes LC

318 Black-breasted Thrush Turdus dissimilis Turdidae Thrushes LC

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319 Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus Turdidae Thrushes LC

320 Oriental Magpie-robin Copsychus saularis Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

321 White-rumped Shama Kittacincla malabarica Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

322 Dark-sided Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

323 Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

324 Small Niltava Niltava macgrigoriae Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

325 Fujian Niltava Niltava davidi Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

326 Large Niltava Niltava grandis Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

327 Blue-and-white Flycatcher Cyanoptila cyanomelana Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

328 Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias thalassinus Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

329 White-gorgeted Flycatcher Anthipes monileger Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

330 Rufous-browed Flycatcher Anthipes solitaris Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

331 Pale Blue-flycatcher Cyornis unicolor Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

332 Indochinese Blue-flycatcher Cyornis sumatrensis Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

333 Hainan Blue-flycatcher Cyornis hainanus Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

334 Blue-throated Blue-flycatcher Cyornis rubeculoides Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

335 Siberian Blue Robin Larvivora cyane Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

336 Orange-flanked Bush-robin Tarsiger cyanurus Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

337 Slaty-backed Forktail Enicurus schistaceus Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

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338 Green-backed Flycatcher Ficedula elisae Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

339 Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

340 Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher Ficedula strophiata Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

341 Little Pied Flycatcher Ficedula westermanni Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

342 Red-throated Flycatcher Ficedula albicilla Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

343 Blue-fronted Redstart Phoenicurus frontalis Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

344 Plumbeous Water-redstart Phoenicurus fuliginosus Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

345 Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

346 White-throated Rock-thrush Monticola gularis Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

347 Blue Rock-thrush Monticola solitarius Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

348 Grey Bushchat Saxicola ferreus Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

349 Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

350 Common Stonechat Saxicola torquatus Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

351 Asian Fairy-bluebird Irena puella Irenidae Fairy-bluebirds LC

352 Golden-fronted Leafbird Chloropsis aurifrons Chloropseidae Leafbirds LC

353 Orange-bellied Leafbird Chloropsis hardwickii Chloropseidae Leafbirds LC

354 Blue-winged Leafbird Chloropsis moluccensis Chloropseidae Leafbirds LC

355 Yellow-vented Flowerpecker Dicaeum chrysorrheum Dicaeidae Flowerpeckers LC

356 Thick-billed Flowerpecker Dicaeum agile Dicaeidae Flowerpeckers LC

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357 Plain Flowerpecker Dicaeum minullum Dicaeidae Flowerpeckers LC

358 Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker Dicaeum cruentatum Dicaeidae Flowerpeckers LC

359 Little Spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra Nectariniidae Sunbirds LC

360 Purple-naped Spiderhunter Arachnothera hypogrammica Nectariniidae Sunbirds LC

361 Streaked Spiderhunter Arachnothera magna Nectariniidae Sunbirds LC

362 Olive-backed Sunbird Cinnyris jugularis Nectariniidae Sunbirds LC

363 Black-throated Sunbird Aethopyga saturata Nectariniidae Sunbirds LC

364 Crimson Sunbird Aethopyga siparaja Nectariniidae Sunbirds LC

365 Fork-tailed Sunbird Aethopyga latouchii Nectariniidae Sunbirds LC

366 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus Ploceidae Weavers LC

367 White-rumped Munia Lonchura striata Estrildidae Waxbills, grass finches, munias LC

368 Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata Estrildidae Waxbills, grass finches, munias LC

369 Plain-backed Sparrow Passer flaveolus Passeridae Sparrows, snowfinches LC

370 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus Passeridae Sparrows, snowfinches LC

371 Forest Wagtail Dendronanthus indicus Motacillidae Wagtails and pipits LC

372 Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni Motacillidae Wagtails and pipits LC

373 Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus Motacillidae Wagtails and pipits LC

374 Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus Motacillidae Wagtails and pipits LC

375 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea Motacillidae Wagtails and pipits LC

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376 Eastern Yellow Wagtail Motacilla tschutschensis Motacillidae Wagtails and pipits LC

377 White Wagtail Motacilla alba Motacillidae Wagtails and pipits LC

378 Oriental Greenfinch Chloris sinica Fringillidae Finches LC

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LIST OF BAT SPECIES THAT WERE RECORDED IN TWO PROTECTED AREAS (DAKRONG AND BAC HUONG HOA) OR HAVE DISTRIBUTION RANGE INCLUDING QUANG TRI PROVINCE

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No Scientific name English Name Vietnamese Name Conservation Distribution status

IUCN VNRDB DK BHH QT*

1. Pteropodidae Gray, 1821 Fruit-eating bats Họ Dơi quả

Cynopterus brachyotis (Müller, 1838) Lesser Dog-faced Fruit Bat Dơi chó cánh ngắn LC Vu 2

Cynopterus sphinx (Vahl, 1797) Greater Shortnosed Fruit Bat Dơi chó cánh dài LC 2 1, 4

Eonycteris spelaea (Dobson, 1871) Dawn Bat Dơi quả lưỡi dài LC 1, 4

Macroglossus sobrinus Andersen, 1911 Hill Long-tongued Fruit Bat Dơi ăn mật hoa lớn LC 1, 4

Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1810) Geoffroy's fruit bat Doi ngựa đuôi lớn LC 5, 6

Rousettus leschenaultii (Desmarest, 1820) Fulvous fruit bat Dơi ngựa nâu LC 5, 6

Sphaerias blanfordi (Thomas, 1891) Blandford's Fruit Bat Dơi quả núi cao LC 4

2. Rhinolophidae Gray, 1825 Horshoe bats Họ Dơi lá mũi

Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823 Intermediate Horseshoe Bat Dơi lá đuôi LC 1, 4 2, 3

R. luctus Temminck, 1834 Great Woolly Horsehoe Bat Dơi lá lớn LC 5, 6

R. siamensis Gyldenstolpe, 1917 Thai Horseshoe Bat Dơi lá Thái Lan LC 1, 2

R. malayanus Bonhote, 1903 Malayan Horseshoe Bat Dơi lá mũi phẳng 1, 2, 3

R. pearsonii Horsfield, 1851 Pearson's Horseshoe Bat Dơi lá péc-xôn LC 1, 2, 3

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No Scientific name English Name Vietnamese Name Conservation Distribution status

IUCN VNRDB DK BHH QT*

R. pusillus Temminck, 1834 Least Horseshoe Bat Dơi lá mũi nhỏ LC 1, 1, 4 2, 3

R. paradoxolophus (Bourret, 1951) Bourret's Horseshoe Bat Dơi lá quạt LC Vu

R. stheno Andersen, 1905 Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat Dơi lá nam á LC 2

R. thomasi Andersen, 1905 Rhinolophus thomasi Dơi lá tô-ma LC Vu 1, 4 2, 3

4. Hipposideridae Lydekker, 1891 Leaf-nosed bats Họ Dơi nếp mũi

Aselliscus stoliczkanus (Dobson, 1871) Stoliczka's Asian Trident Bat Dơi nếp mũi ba lá LC 1, 4 2, 3

Coelops frithii Blyth, 1848 Tail-less leafnosed bat Dơi thuỳ không đuôi LC 5, 6

Hipposideros armiger (Hodgson, 1835) Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bat Dơi nếp mũi quạ LC 1, 4 2, 3

H. cineraceus Blyth, 1853 Ashy roundleaf bat Dơi nếp mũi lông đen LC 1, 2, 3

H. larvatus (Horsfield, 1823) Horsfield's Leaf-nosed Bat Dơi nếp mũi xám bé LC 1, 4 2, 3

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No Scientific name English Name Vietnamese Name Conservation Distribution status

IUCN VNRDB DK BHH QT*

H. pomona K. Andersen, 1918 Andersen's Leaf-nosed Bat Dơi nếp mũi xinh LC 1, 4 2, 3

H. scutinares Robinson et al., 2003 Shield-nosed Leaf-nosed Bat Dơi nếp mũi Prat VU 1, 2, 3

4. Megadermatidae Allen, 1864 Họ Dơi ma

Megaderma lyra E. Geoffroy, 1810 Megaderma lyra Dơi ma bắc LC 1, 1, 4 2, 3

Megaderma spasma (Linnaeus, 1758) Lesser False Vampire Dơi ma nam LC 1, 2

5. Vespertilionidae Gray, 1821 Họ Dơi muỗi

Glischropus bucephalus Csorba, 2011 LC

Harpiocephalus harpia (Temminck, 1840) Hairy-winged Bat Dơi mũi ống cánh lông LC Vu 3

Ia io Thomas, 1902 Great Evening Bat Dơi io LC Vu 5, 6

Kerivoula hardwickii (Horsfield, 1824) Hardwicke’s Woolly Bat Dơi mũi nhẵn xám LC 1, 4 2

Kerivoula kachinensis Bates et al. 2004 Kachin woolly bat Dơi mũi nhẵn Kachin LC 5, 6

Kerivoula picta (Pallas, 1767) Painted bats Dơi mũi nhắn đốm vàng LC 5, 6

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No Scientific name English Name Vietnamese Name Conservation Distribution status

IUCN VNRDB DK BHH QT*

Kerivoula titania Bates et al. 2007 Titania's Woolly Bat Dơi mũi nhẵn Titan LC 1 5, 6

Murina beelzebub Son et al., 2011 Black Tube-nosed Bat Dơi mũi ống lông đen DD 1, 4

Murina cyclotis Dobson, 1872 Round-eared Tube-nosed Bat Dơi mũi ống tai tròn LC 1, 1, 4 2

Murina feae (Thomas, 1891) Ashy-gray Tube-nosed Bat Dơi mũi ống lông chân NE 1, 1, 4 2

Murina fionae Francis, Eger, 2012 Fiona's Tube-nosed Bat Dơi mũi ống sọ lồi NE 3

Murina huttoni (Peters, 1872) White-bellied Tube-nosed Bat Dơi mũi ống nhỡ LC 4

Myotis annectans (Dobson, 1871) Hairy-faced Bat Dơi tai lông mặt LC 5, 6

M. annamiticus Kruskop, Tsytsulina, 2001 Annamit Myotis Dơi tai việt nam DD 3

Myotis horsfieldii (Temminck, 1840) Horsfield's Myotis Dơi tai đốm vàng LC 1, 2

M. muricola (Gray, 1846) Nepalese Whiskered Myotis Dơi tai bắc việt LC 1, 4 2

M. siligorensis (Horsfield, 1855) Himalayan whiskered bat Dơi tai sọ cao LC R 5, 6

Hypsugo cadornae (Thomas, 1916) Cadorna's pipistrelle Dơi muỗi Cadorna LC 5, 6

Pipistrellus abramus (Temminck, 1838) Japanese Pipistrelle Dơi muỗi Nhật Bản LC 5, 6

Pipistrellus coromandra (Gray, 1838) Coromandel Pipistrelle Dơi muỗi nâu LC 2

Pipistrellus javanicus (Gray, 1838) Javan Pipistrelle Dơi muỗi Java LC 5, 6

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No Scientific name English Name Vietnamese Name Conservation Distribution status

IUCN VNRDB DK BHH QT*

Pipistrellus paterculus Thomas, 1915 Mount Popa pipistrelle Dơi muỗi sọ nhỏ LC 1, 4

Pipistrellus tenuis (Temminck, 1840) Least Pipistrelle Dơi muỗi mắt LC 5, 6

Scotomanes ornatus (Blyth, 1851) Harlequin bat Dơi đốm hoa LC 5, 6

Scotophilus heathii Horsfield, 1831 GreaterAsiatic yellow bat Dơi nghệ LC 5, 6

Scotophilus kuhlii Leach, 1821 LesserAsiatic yellow bat Dơi nâu LC 5, 6

Tylonycteris fulvida (Blyth, 1859) Lesser Bamboo Bat Dơi chân đệm thịt bé NE 1, 4

Tylonycteris malayana Chasen, 1940 Malayan greater bamboo bats Dơi chân đệm thịt lớn NE 5, 6

6. Miniopteridae Dobson, 1875 Họ Dơi cánh gập

Miniopterus magnater Sanborn, 1931 Large Bent-winged Bat Dơi cánh dài lớn LC 1, 2, 3

7. Emballonuridae Sheath-tailed bats Họ dơi bao

Taphozous melanopogon Temminck, 1841 Black-bearded tomb bat Dơi bao đuôi nâu đen LC 5, 6

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LIST OF MAMMALS IN QUANG TRI DISTRICT AND VICINITY AREAS IN LAOS

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No. English Names Scientific Names AREA

Quang Tri Phou Xang He NBCA Dong Phou Vieng NBCA

1 Pallas's Squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus 1,2,3

2 Crab-eating Mongoose Herpestes urva 1,2

3 Stump-tailed Macaque Macaca arctoides 1,2,3 4

4 Northern Pig-tailed Macaque Macaca leonina 1,2,3 4 4

5 Rhesus Monkey Macaca mulatta 1,2,3

6 Yellow-throated Marten Martes flavigula 1,2,3

7 Ferret Badget Melogale moschata 1,2

8 Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata 1,2,3

9 Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus 1,2,3

10 Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis 1,2,3

11 Spotted Linsang Prionodon pardicolor 1,2,3

12 Eurasian Wild Pig Sus scrofa 1,2,3

13 Northern Treeshrew Tupaia belangeri 1,2,3

14 Large Indian Civet Viverra zibetha 1,2,3

15 Northern Slow Loris Nycticebus bengalensis 2,3 4

16 Pygmy Slow Loris Nycticebus pygmaeus 2,3 4

17 Red-shanked Douc Langur Pygathrix nemaeus 2,3 4 4

18 Hatinh Langur Trachypithecus hatinhensis 2,3

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No. English Names Scientific Names AREA

Quang Tri Phou Xang He NBCA Dong Phou Vieng NBCA

19 Francois's Langur Trachypithecus francoisi 4

20 Gibbon Nomascus sp. 2,3 4 4

21 Dhole Cuon alpinus 2,3 4

22 Asiatic Black Bear Ursus thibetanus 2,3

23 Sun Bear Helarctos malayanus 2,3

24 Yellow-bellied Weasel Mustela kathiah

25 Hog Badger Arctonyx collaris 2,3

26 Asian Small-clawed Otter Aonyx cinerea 2,3

27 Eurasian Otter Lutra lutra 2,3

28 Otter 4 4

29 Large-spotted Civet Viverra megaspila 4

30 Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica 2,3

31 Small-toothed Palm Civet Arctogalidia trivirgata 2

32 Binturong Arctictis binturong 2,3

33 Owston's Civet Chrotogale owstoni 2

34 Javan Mongoose Herpestes javanicus 2

35 Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii 2,3

36 Marbled Cat Pardofelis marmorata 2

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No. English Names Scientific Names AREA

Quang Tri Phou Xang He NBCA Dong Phou Vieng NBCA

37 Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosa 2,3

38 Leopard Panthera pardus 2,3

39 Tiger Panthera tigris 2 4

40 Asian Elephant Elephas maximus 4 4

41 Chevrotain Tragulus sp. 1,2,3

42 Sambar Rusa unicolor 2,3 4 4

43 Northern Red Muntjac Muntiacus vaginalis 1,2,3

44 Large-antlered Muntjac Muntiacus vuquangensis 1,2,3 4 4

45 Annamite Muntjac Muntiacus truongsonensis 1,2

46 Gaur Bos gaurus 2,3 4 4

47 Chinese Serow Capricornis milneedwardsii 2,3 4

48 Saola Pseudoryx nghetinhensis 2,3

49 Sunda Pangolin Manis javanica 2,3

50 Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla 2

51 Black Giant Squirrel Ratufa bicolor 2,3 4

52 Inornate Squirrel Callosciurus inornatus 2

53 Red-cheeked Squirrel Dremomys rufigenis 2,3

54 Maritime Striped Squirrel Tamiops maritimus 2

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No. English Names Scientific Names AREA

Quang Tri Phou Xang He NBCA Dong Phou Vieng NBCA

55 Berdmore’s Squirrel Menetes berdmorei 2

56 Cambodian Striped Squirrel Tamiops rodolphii 2,3

57 Indian Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista philippensis 2,3

58 Bamboo Rat Rhizomys sp. 2,3

59 Malayan Porcupine Hystrix brachyura 2,3

60 Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine Atherurus macrourus 2,3

61 Burmese Hare Lepus peguensis 2,3

62 Annmite Striped Rabbit Nesolagus timminsi 2,3

63 Long-tailed Giant Rat Leopoldamys sabanus 2

64 Greater Bandicoot Rat Bandicota indica 2

65 Berdmore’s Berylmys Berylmys berdmorei 2

66 Bower's White-toothed Rat Berylmys bowersi 2

67 Indomalayan Maxomys Maxomys surifer 2

68 Gairdner's Shrewmouse Mus pahari 2

69 Chestnut White-bellied Rat Niviventer fulvescens 2

70 Lang Bian White-bellied Rat Niviventer langbianis 2

71 Indochinese Mountain Niviventer Niviventer tenaster 2

72 Himalayan Field Rat Rattus nitidus 2

Sources:

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1 - Nguyễn Tuấn Anh, Lê Đức Minh, Nguyễn Văn Thành, Nguyễn Ngọc Tuấn, Robert Timmins. 2017. Sử dụng bẫy ảnh để điều tra đa dạng sinh học tại Khu Bảo tồn thiên nhiên Bắc Hướng Hóa, tỉnh Quảng Trị. Tạp chí Khoa học ĐHQGHN: Các Khoa học Trái đất và Môi trường, Tập 33, Số 1S (2017) 92-99. 2 - Khong Trung. 2014. Research on biodiversity and values of forest ecology service at Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve Quang Tri province. Ph.D thesis. Hanoi. 3 - Mahood, S. P. and Tran Van Hung (2008) The Biodiversity of Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve,Quang Tri Province, Vietnam. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam. 4 - Duckworth, J. W., Salter, R. E. And Khounboline, K. (compilers) 1999. Wildlife in Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report. Vientiane: IUCN-The World Conservation Union / Wild life Conservation Society / Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management.

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LIST OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN QUANG TRI PROVINCE FROM LITERATURES REVIEW

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AMPHIBIA Common Name IUCN Red VNRB (2007) list (2020)

Anura

Bufonidae

1 Ingerophrynus galeatus Bony-headed Toad LC VU B1+2a,b,c,d

2 Duttaphrynus melanostictus Asian Common Toad LC

Dicroglossidae

3 Fejervarya limnocharis Rice Field Frog LC

4 Hoplobatrachus rugulosus Chinese Edible Frog LC

5 Limnonectes bannaensis Banna Large-Headed Frog

6 Limnonectes poilani Poilane's Frog LC

7 Limnonectes limborgi Limborg's Forest Frog LC

8 Quasipaa verrucospinosa Verrucosa Spiny Frog NT

9 Occidozyga lima Puddle Frog LC

10 Occidozyga martensii Marten’s Frog LC

Hylidae

11 Hyla simplex Annam Treefrog LC

Megophryidae

12 Leptobrachella aereus

13 Megophrys major Major Horned Toad LC

14 Megophrys microstoma Asian Mountain Toad LC

15 Ophryophryne pachyproctus Huang's Spadefoot Toad LC

16 Ophryophryne poilani Narrow-mouthed Horned Toad

Microhylidae

17 Kaloula pulchra Banded Bullfrog LC

18 Microhyla annamensis Vietnam Rice Frog VU

19 Microhyla fissipes Ornamented Pygmy Frog LC

20 Microhyla heymonsi Heymon's Ricefrog LC

21 Microhyla marmorata Marble Pigmy Frog LC

Ranidae

22 Hylarana attigua Similar Frog LC

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AMPHIBIA Common Name IUCN Red VNRB (2007) list (2020)

23 Odorrana chloronota Green Cascade Frog LC

24 Rana johnsi Johns' Frog LC

25 Sylvirana guentheri Gunther's Amoy Frog LC

26 Sylvirana maosonensis Mao-Son Frog LC

27 Sylvirana nigrovittata Black-Striped Frog LC

Rhacophoridae

28 Kurixalus banaensis Bana Bubble-Nest Frog DD

29 Polypedates mutus Burmese Whipping Frog LC

30 Raorchestes parvulus Cricket Frog LC

31 Rhacophorus annamensis Annam Flying Frog LC

32 Rhacophorus exechopygus Spinybottom Tree Frog LC

33 Rhacophorus orlovi Orlov's Treefrog LC

34 Rhacophorus rhodopus Red-Webbed Treefrog LC

35 Theloderma asperum Hill Garden Bug-Eyed Frog LC

36 Theloderma truongsonense DD

REPTILIA

Testudines

Testudinidae

1 Manouria impressa Asian Forest Tortoise VU VU A1c,d + 2d

Geoemydidae

2 Cuora cyclornata Chinese Three-striped Box Turtle

3 Cuora galbinifrons Vietnamese Box Turtle CR EN A1d + 2d

4 Cuora bourreti Bourret's Box Turtle CR

5 Cuora mouhotii Keeled Box Turtle EN

6 Cyclemys oldhami Southeast Asian Leaf Turtle

7 Mauremys mutica Asian Brown Pond Turtle EN

8 Sacalia quadriocellata Four-eyed Turtle EN

Platysternidae

9 Platysternon megacephalum The Big-headed Turtle EN EN A1d + 2d

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AMPHIBIA Common Name IUCN Red VNRB (2007) list (2020)

Trionychidae

10 Amyda cartilaginea Asiatic Softshell Turtle VU VU A1c,d + 2c,d

11 Palea steindachneri Steindachner's Soft-shelled EN VU A1c,d + Turtle 2c,d

Squamata

Agamidae

12 Physignathus cocincinus Chinese Water Dragon VU VU A1c,d

13 Acanthosaura capra Mountain Horned Dragon NT

14 Acanthosaura lepidogaster Brown Pricklenape LC

15 Acanthosaura nataliae Natalia's Agama LC

16 Calotes emma Emma Gray's Forest Lizard

17 Calotes mystaceus Indochinese Forest Lizard

18 Calotes versicolor Oriental Garden Lizard

19 Leiolepis belliana Common Butterfly Lizard LC

20 Leiolepis reevesii Reeves' Butterfly Lizard VU A1d

Gekkonidae

21 Cyrtodactylus pseudoquadrivirgatus LC

22 Gekko gecko Tokay Gecko LC VU A1c,d

23 Hemidactylus frenatus Common House Gecko LC

24 Hemidactylus karenorum Burmese Leaf Gecko LC

Lacertidae

25 Takydromus sexlineatus Asian Grass Lizard LC

Scincidae

26 Emoia atrocostata Littoral Whiptail-Skink

27 Emoia laobaoense Laobao Mangrove Skink DD

28 Eutropis longicaudata Long-tailed Sun Skink LC

29 Eutropis macularia Bronze Grass Skink

30 Eutropis multifasciata East Indian Brown Mabuya LC

31 Leptoseps poilani DD

32 Tropidophorus berdmorei Berdmore's Water Skink LC

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AMPHIBIA Common Name IUCN Red VNRB (2007) list (2020)

33 Tropidophorus cocincinensis Cochinchinese Water Skink LC

Varanidae

34 Varanus nebulosus Clouded Monitor EN A1c,d

Cylindrophiidae

35 Cylindrophis ruffus Red-tailed Pipe Snake LC

Pythonidae

36 Python molurus Indian Python VU CR A1c,d

Xenopeltidae

37 Xenopeltis unicolor Sunbeam Snake LC

Colubridae

38 Ahaetulla prasina Asian Vine Snake LC

39 Chrysopelea ornata Golden Tree Snake

40 Dendrelaphis ngansonensis Nganson Bronzeback LC

41 Dendrelaphis pictus Painted Bronzeback

42 Calamaria pavimentata Collared Reed Snake LC

43 Boiga multomaculata Many-spotted Cat Snake

44 Coelognathus radiatus Radiated Ratsnake LC VU B1+2a,b,c

45 Cyclophiops multicinctus Many-banded Green Snake LC

46 Dryocalamus davisonii Common Bridle Snake LC

47 Elaphe moellendorffi Moellendorf's Rat Snake VU VU B1+2a,b,c

48 Lycodon rosozonatus Rose Big-tooth Snake DD

49 Lycodon rufozonatus Red-Banded Snake LC

50 Oligodon cinereus Golden Kukri Snake LC

51 Oligodon fasciolatus Small-banded Kukri Snake LC

52 Ptyas korros Chinese Ratsnake EN A1c,d

53 Sibynophis chinensis Chinese Mountain Snake LC

54 Sibynophis collaris Collared Black-headed Snake LC

Natricidae

55 Amphiesma stolatum Buff Striped Keelback

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AMPHIBIA Common Name IUCN Red VNRB (2007) list (2020)

56 Hebius khasiense Khasi Keelback

57 Hebius leucomystax White-lipped Keelback LC

58 Rhabdophis chrysargos Specklebelly Keelback LC

59 Rhabdophis subminiatus Red-Necked Keelback LC

60 Xenochrophis flavipunctatus Yellow-spotted Keelback LC

Elapidae

61 Bungarus candidus Malayan Krait LC

62 Bungarus fasciatus Banded Krait LC EN 1c,d

63 Naja atra Chinese Cobra VU

64 Naja kaouthia Monocled Cobra LC

65 Ophiophagus hannah King Cobra VU CR A1c,d

66 Sinomicrurus macclellandi Macclelland's Coral Snake

Homalopsidae

67 Homalopsis buccata Masked Water Snake LC

68 Hypsiscopus plumbea Boie's Mud Snake

Pareidae

69 Pareas carinatus Keeled Slug-eating Snake LC

70 Pareas hamptoni Hampton's Slug Snake LC

71 Pareas margaritophorus Mountain Slug Snake LC

Viperidae

72 Ovophis monticol Mountain Pitviper LC

73 Protobothrops mucrosquamatus Brown Spotted Pit Viper LC

74 Trimeresurus albolabris Green Tree Pit Viper LC

75 Trimeresurus vogeli Vogel's Pit Viper

Xenodernidae

76 Fimbrios klossi Bearded Snake LC

Typhlopidae

77 Indotyphlops braminus Brahminy Blindsnake (Nguyen et al. 2016; Hoang et al. 2020)

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LIST OF TERRESTRIAL FLORA RECORDED AT PHONG NGUYEN WINDFARM PROJECT

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Specimen Number Collectors Scientific name Family Vietnamese name IUCN/VRDB Use

TRF-205004 T.N.K. Trinh Vernicia montana Lour. Euphorbiaceae Trẩu Seed for oil and bark for paper & N.H. Bao

TRF-205007 T.N.K. Trinh Liquidambar formosana Altingiaceae Sâu trắng, Bạch Leaves and resin used as & N.H. Bao Hance giao, Trao, Sau sau medicine

TRF-205028 T.N.K. Trinh Sauropus sp. Euphorbiaceae

TRF-205029 T.N.K. Trinh Dioscorea sp. Dioscoreaceae

TRF-205034 T.N.K. Trinh Lonicera japonica Thunb. Caprifoliaceae Kim ngân

TRF-205035 T.N.K. Trinh Ficus esquiroliana H. Lév. Moraceae Sung Esquirol

TRF-205036 T.N.K. Trinh Polygala chinensis L. Polygalaceae Bất hoán, Kích nhũ Trung Quốc

TRF-205037 T.N.K. Trinh Hedyotis cf. lineata Roxb. Rubiaceae An điền

TRF-205038 T.N.K. Trinh Rubus cochinchinensis Rosaceae Dum ngấy, Ngấy Leaves used as tea Tratt. trắng

TRF-205039 T.N.K. Trinh Rubus sp. Rosaceae

TRF-205050 T.N.K. Trinh Pronephrium sp. Thelypteridaceae Ráng tiền thận

TRF-205051 T.N.K. Trinh Alsophila latebrosa Wall. Cyatheaceae Ráng Tiên tọa rộng ex Hook.

TRF-205052 T.N.K. Trinh Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Cibotiaceae Cẩu tích, Lông cu li Hairs can stop bleeding Sm.

TRF-205053 T.N.K. Trinh Eustigma balansae Oliv. Hamamelidaceae Chân thư Balansa

TRF-205054 T.N.K. Trinh Barringtonia scortechinii Lecythidaceae Chiếc Scortechini New record to Vietnam King

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Specimen Number Collectors Scientific name Family Vietnamese name IUCN/VRDB Use

TRF-205055 T.N.K. Trinh Pinus merkusii Jungh. & Pinaceae Thông 2 lá IUCN: VU Grown for its resin de Vriese

TRF-205057 T.N.K. Trinh Ficus sp. 2 Moraceae

Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae Cỏ cứt heo

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Apocynaceae Hoa sữa, mò cua Br.

Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae Xuyến chi, Song nha

Blechnum orientale L. Blechnaceae

Christella parasitica (L.) H. Thelypteridaceae Lév.

Chromolaena odorata (L.) Asteraceae Cỏ lào, yên bạch R.M. King & H. Rob.

Crotalaria sp. Fabaceae Sục sạc

Cyclosorus interruptus Thelypteridaceae (Willd.) H. Itô

Dicranopteris linearis Gleicheniaceae Ráng Tây sơn (Burm. f.) Underw.

Elaeocarpus sp. Elaeocarpaceae Côm

Hopea odorata Roxb. Dipterocarpaceae Sao đen

Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Lycopodiaceae Thông đất Pic. Serm.

Mimosa diplotricha C. Fabaceae Trinh nữ móc Wright

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Specimen Number Collectors Scientific name Family Vietnamese name IUCN/VRDB Use

Mimosa pigra L. Fabaceae Mai dương

Mussaenda sp. Rubiaceae Bướm bạc

Odontosoria chinensis (L.) Lindsaeaceae Rán Ô phỉ J. Sm.

Smilax sp. Smilacaceae

Streptocaulon griffithii Apocynaceae Hà thủ ô Hook. f.

Thysanolaena latifolia Poaceae Đót Making broom (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Honda

Zanthoxylum Rutaceae Hoàng mộc nhiều gai Seeds used as black pepper myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook. f.

TRF-205030 T.N.K. Trinh Rubiaceae

TRF-205031 T.N.K. Trinh Fagaceae

TRF-205032 T.N.K. Trinh Chloranthaceae

TRF-205033 T.N.K. Trinh Euphorbiaceae

TRF-205040 T.N.K. Trinh Lamiaceae

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TIME AND WEATHER INFORMATION DURING VP COUNT AT PHONG NGUYEN

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VP No. Date Observers Start time Stop time Duration of Start cloud Start wind Start wind Start visibility watch (mins) strength (km/h) direction (km)

PNVP1 16-May ĐQT 06:20 10:47 267 Clear Low S Sunny PNVP1 16-May ĐQT 14:00 18:00 240 Clear Low NE Sunny PNVP1 17-May ĐQT 06:00 10:20 260 Clear Low SW Sunny PNVP1 17-May ĐQT 13:50 18:00 250 Clear Low WSW Sunny PNVP1 18-May ĐQT 06:00 11:00 300 poor Low SW Foggy PNVP1 18-May ĐQT 14:00 18:00 240 Clear Low SW sunny PNVP1 19-May ĐQT 06:30 10:30 240 Clear Low SW cloudy PNVP1 19-May ĐQT 13:35 17:43 248 poor Strong SSE cloudy, Rainy PNVP1 20-May ĐQT 06:30 10:07 217 clear Low SSW sunny PNVP2 16-May NVT 06:20 10:14 234 Clear Low S Sunny PNVP2 16-May NVT 10:14 11:33 79 Cover 10% Medium S Sunny PNVP2 16-May NVT 13:30 17:40 250 Cover 40% Low S Sunny PNVP2 17-May NVT 06:15 09:25 190 Clear Strong SW Sunny PNVP2 17-May NVT 09:25 11:40 135 Cover 20% Strong SW Sunny PNVP2 17-May NMT 14:15 17:28 193 Clear Strong WSW Weak PNVP2 18-May NMT 06:35 11:25 290 Cloudy Strong SW Weak PNVP2 18-May NVT 14:16 18:20 244 Cover 30% Strong SW Sunny PNVP2 19-May NVT 06:30 11:00 270 Clear Strong SW Sunny PNVP2 19-May NVT 13:40 18:00 260 Cover 10% Strong SSE Sunny PNVP2 20-May NMT 06:49 10:03 194 Clear Low SSW Sunny

Total (hours) 77

Observers: NVT = Nguyễn Văn Thắng, ĐQT = Đặng Quang Trọng, NMT = Nguyễn Minh Tâm

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VANTAGE POINT SURVEY DATA

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Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 16- Đ Long-tailed Shrike 1 F 06: 1 P1 May QT 20

PNV 16- Đ White-shouldered 1 F 06: 1 P1 May QT Starling 21

PNV 16- Đ Chestnut-headed 3 06: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 22

PNV 16- Đ Mountain Imperial- 2 F 06: 2 P1 May QT pigeon 31

PNV 16- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 G, F 06: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 32

PNV 16- Đ Ashy Drongo 1 F 06: 1 P1 May QT 32

PNV 16- Đ Mountain Imperial- 1 F 06: 2 P1 May QT pigeon 44

PNV 16- Đ Mountain Imperial- 2 F 06: 2 P1 May QT pigeon 45

PNV 16- Đ Mountain Imperial- 2 F, G 06: 2 P1 May QT pigeon 49

PNV 16- Đ Crested Myna 2 F 06: 1 P1 May QT 50

PNV 16- Đ Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 06: 1 P1 May QT 53

PNV 16- Đ Indian Cuckoo 1 06: 1 P1 May QT 57

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Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 16- Đ Lesser Coucal 1 06: 1 P1 May QT 59

PNV 16- Đ Mountain Imperial- 1 F 07: 3 P1 May QT pigeon 02

PNV 16- Đ Asian Palm-swift 1 F, G 07: 2 P1 May QT 03

PNV 16- Đ Pacific Swift 22 F,G 07: 3 2 P1 May QT 05

PNV 16- Đ Lesser Coucal 1 F 07: 1 P1 May QT 12

PNV 16- Đ Ashy Drongo 1 F 07: 1 P1 May QT 22

PNV 16- Đ Long-tailed Shrike 1 F 07: 1 P1 May QT 23

PNV 16- Đ Mountain Imperial- 1 F 07: 2 P1 May QT pigeon 30

PNV 16- Đ Ashy Drongo 1 F 07: 1 P1 May QT 46

PNV 16- Đ Chestnut-headed 3 F,G 07: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 50

PNV 16- Đ Black Bulbul 2 F 08: 1 P1 May QT 36

PNV 16- Đ Sooty-headed Bulbul 2 F 09: 1 P1 May QT 05

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Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 16- Đ Moustached Barbet 1 F 09: 1 P1 May QT 15

PNV 16- Đ Chestnut-headed 3 F, G 09: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 16

PNV 16- Đ Crested Serpent- 2 G,F, 09: 3 2 3 2 2 P1 May QT eagle S 30

PNV 16- Đ Lesser Coucal 1 09: 1 P1 May QT 32

PNV 16- Đ Lesser Coucal 1 G 10: 1 P1 May QT 10

PNV 16- Đ Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 10: 1 P1 May QT 11

PNV 16- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F 10: 2 P1 May QT Bee-eater 12

PNV 16- Đ Pacific Swift 2 F,G 10: 3 2 P1 May QT 38

PNV 16- Đ Black Bulbul 2 F 14: 1 P1 May QT 07

PNV 16- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F 14: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 19

PNV 16- Đ Asian Fairy-bluebird 1 F 14: 1 P1 May QT 30

PNV 16- Đ White-cheeked 10 14: 1 P1 May QT Laughingthrush 36

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 16- Đ Pacific Swift 1 G,F 14: 2 2 P1 May QT 38

PNV 16- Đ Asian Palm-swift 2 G, F 14: 1 P1 May QT 47

PNV 16- Đ Green-billed Malkoha 1 G 14: 1 P1 May QT 50

PNV 16- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F 14: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 51

PNV 16- Đ Asian Palm-swift 2 F 14: 1 1 1 P1 May QT 58

PNV 16- Đ Asian Palm-swift 2 F, G 15: 1 P1 May QT 05

PNV 16- Đ Coppersmith Barbet 1 15: 1 P1 May QT 06

PNV 16- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 15: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 18

PNV 16- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 G,F 15: 2 2 3 P1 May QT Bee-eater 20

PNV 16- Đ Chestnut-headed 4 F,G 15: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 27

PNV 16- Đ Asian Palm-swift 2 G,F 15: 2 P1 May QT 28

PNV 16- Đ Pin-tailed Green- 1 F 15: 1 P1 May QT pigeon 45

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 16- Đ Maroon Oriole 1 F 16: 1 P1 May QT 03

PNV 16- Đ Red-headed Trogon 1 1 P1 May QT

PNV 16- Đ Crested Myna 2 F 16: 1 P1 May QT 08

PNV 16- Đ White-shouldered 2 F 16: 1 P1 May QT Starling 17

PNV 16- Đ Chestnut-headed 2 G,F 16: 1 2 2 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 25

PNV 16- Đ Indochinese 2 F 16: 1 P1 May QT Cuckooshrike 32

PNV 16- Đ Mountain Imperial- 2 F 16: 2 2 P1 May QT pigeon 47

PNV 16- Đ Mountain Imperial- 1 F 16: 2 2 P1 May QT pigeon 51

PNV 16- Đ Mountain Imperial- 1 F 16: 2 P1 May QT pigeon 56

PNV 16- Đ Mountain Imperial- 1 F 17: 2 2 P1 May QT pigeon 08

PNV 16- Đ Crested Myna 2 F 17: 1 1 P1 May QT 26

PNV 16- Đ Mountain Imperial- 1 F 17: 1 1 1 1 P1 May QT pigeon 43

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 16- Đ Mountain Imperial- 1 F 17: 2 P1 May QT pigeon 50

PNV 17- Đ Mountain Imperial- 2 F 06: 2 2 P1 May QT pigeon 09

PNV 17- Đ Asian Palm-swift 1 F, G 06: 2 1 P1 May QT 15

PNV 17- Đ Indian Cuckoo 1 F 06: 1 1 P1 May QT 27

PNV 17- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F 06: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 45

PNV 17- Đ Eastern Spotted Dove 1 06: 1 P1 May QT 48

PNV 17- Đ Mountain Imperial- 2 F 06: 2 P1 May QT pigeon 50

PNV 17- Đ Mountain Imperial- 1 F 06: 2 2 P1 May QT pigeon 51

PNV 17- Đ Black Bulbul 2 F 06: 1 P1 May QT 55

PNV 17- Đ Black Drongo 1 F,G 07: 1 P1 May QT 10

PNV 17- Đ Red-vented Barbet 1 F 07: 1 P1 May QT 16

PNV 17- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F 07: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 18

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 17- Đ Lesser Coucal 1 G 07: 1 P1 May QT 20

PNV 17- Đ Maroon Oriole 1 F 07: 1 P1 May QT 23

PNV 17- Đ Asian Palm-swift 3 F 07: 1 1 2 P1 May QT 25

PNV 17- Đ Asian Palm-swift 3 F 07: 1 1 P1 May QT 34

PNV 17- Đ Ashy Drongo 1 F,G 07: 1 2 P1 May QT 39

PNV 17- Đ Mountain Imperial- 1 F 07: 2 P1 May QT pigeon 51

PNV 17- Đ Maroon Oriole 1 F 08: 1 P1 May QT 02

PNV 17- Đ Mountain Imperial- 3 F 08: 2 2 P1 May QT pigeon 07

PNV 17- Đ White-shouldered 2 F 08: 1 P1 May QT Starling 16

PNV 17- Đ Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 08: 1 P1 May QT 19

PNV 17- Đ Asian Palm-swift 2 F 08: 1 P1 May QT 20

PNV 17- Đ Crested Serpent- 1 F, G 08: 2 2 2 3 P1 May QT eagle 46

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 17- Đ Mountain Imperial- 3 F 08: 1 P1 May QT pigeon 54

PNV 17- Đ Crested Myna 2 F 08: 1 P1 May QT 59

PNV 17- Đ Bar-backed Partridge 1 09: 1 P1 May QT 07

PNV 17- Đ Large cuckooshrike 1 F 09: 2 P1 May QT 18

PNV 17- Đ White-shouldered 2 F 09: 1 P1 May QT Starling 27

PNV 17- Đ Long-tailed Shrike 1 F 09: 1 P1 May QT 36

PNV 17- Đ Black Eagle 1 G,F 13: 3 3 3 2 P1 May QT 52

PNV 17- Đ Asian Palm-swift 3 G,F 13: 1 P1 May QT 58

PNV 17- Đ Asian Palm-swift 1 G,F 14: 1 P1 May QT 19

PNV 17- Đ White-shouldered 2 F 14: 1 P1 May QT Starling 20

PNV 17- Đ Ashy Drongo 1 F,G 14: 1 P1 May QT 30

PNV 17- Đ Long-tailed Shrike 1 F 14: 1 P1 May QT 31

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 17- Đ Asian Palm-swift 2 F 14: 1 P1 May QT 47

PNV 17- Đ Black Bulbul 3 F 14: 1 P1 May QT 57

PNV 17- Đ White-shouldered 2 F 15: 1 P1 May QT Starling 00

PNV 17- Đ Chestnut-headed 2 F,G 15: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 10

PNV 17- Đ Black Eagle 1 G,F 15: 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 P1 May QT 13

PNV 17- Đ Asian Palm-swift 1 F,G 15: 1 2 P1 May QT 25

PNV 17- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F 15: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 30

PNV 17- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 G,F 15: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 34

PNV 17- Đ Ashy Drongo 1 F 15: 2 2 P1 May QT 39

PNV 17- Đ Asian Palm-swift 1 F 16: 1 P1 May QT 10

PNV 17- Đ Crested Myna 1 F 16: 1 P1 May QT 19

PNV 17- Đ Asian Palm-swift 2 F 16: 1 P1 May QT 35

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 17- Đ Barred Cuckoo-dove 1 F 16: 1 P1 May QT 14

PNV 17- Đ Mountain Imperial- 1 F 16: 2 2 P1 May QT pigeon 42

PNV 17- Đ Pacific Swift 2 F 16: 2 2 P1 May QT 54

PNV 17- Đ Asian Palm-swift 3 F 16: 1 P1 May QT 59

PNV 17- Đ Black Bulbul 2 F 17: 1 P1 May QT 06

PNV 17- Đ White-shouldered 2 F 17: 1 P1 May QT Starling 50

PNV 18- Đ Crested Myna 4 F 06: 1 P1 May QT 29

PNV 18- Đ Indian Cuckoo 1 F 06: 1 P1 May QT 40

PNV 18- Đ Asian Palm-swift 1 F 06: 1 P1 May QT 42

PNV 18- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F 06: 1 2 P1 May QT Bee-eater 46

PNV 18- Đ Mountain Imperial- 2 F 06: 1 P1 May QT pigeon 47

PNV 18- Đ Mountain Imperial- 1 F 06: 2 2 P1 May QT pigeon 51

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 18- Đ Asian Palm-swift 2 F 06: 2 2 1 P1 May QT 57

PNV 18- Đ Asian Palm-swift 3 F 06: 1 P1 May QT 58

PNV 18- Đ Crested Myna 2 F 07: 1 P1 May QT 00

PNV 18- Đ Mountain Imperial- 2 F 07: 2 2 P1 May QT pigeon 07

PNV 18- Đ Chestnut-headed 4 F,G 07: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 10

PNV 18- Đ Long-tailed Shrike 1 F 07: 1 P1 May QT 12

PNV 18- Đ Crested Myna 4 F 07: 1 P1 May QT 24

PNV 18- Đ Indian Cuckoo 1 F 07: 1 P1 May QT 27

PNV 18- Đ Asian Palm-swift 3 F 07: 1 P1 May QT 30

PNV 18- Đ Asian Palm-swift 3 F 08: 2 P1 May QT 08

PNV 18- Đ Ashy Drongo 1 F 08: 1 P1 May QT 10

PNV 18- Đ Ashy Drongo 1 F 08: 1 P1 May QT 15

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 18- Đ Red Turtle-dove 1 F 08: 1 P1 May QT 33

PNV 18- Đ Lesser Coucal 1 F,G 08: 1 P1 May QT 34

PNV 18- Đ Barred Cuckoo-dove 1 F 08: 1 P1 May QT 42

PNV 18- Đ Indian Cuckoo 1 F 08: 1 P1 May QT 45

PNV 18- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F,G 08: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 50

PNV 18- Đ Black Bulbul 1 F 08: 1 P1 May QT 53

PNV 18- Đ Crested Serpent- 1 F,G 09: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P1 May QT eagle 14

PNV 18- Đ Bar-backed Partridge 1 09: 1 P1 May QT 30

PNV 18- Đ Rufous-cheeked 1 09: 1 P1 May QT Laughingthrush 35

PNV 18- Đ Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 09: 1 P1 May QT 37

PNV 18- Đ Racquet-tailed 1 F 09: 1 P1 May QT Treepie 40

PNV 18- Đ House Swift 4 F 09: 2 1 P1 May QT 51

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 18- Đ Crested Serpent- 1 F 10: 2 2 P1 May QT eagle 00

PNV 18- Đ Vernal Hanging-parrot 1 F 10: 1 P1 May QT 11

PNV 18- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F,G 10: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 12

PNV 18- Đ Crested Serpent- 1 F,G 10: 3 3 3 3 P1 May QT eagle 36

PNV 18- Đ Pacific Swift 3 F, G 10: 2 3 2 P1 May QT 36

PNV 18- Đ Sooty-headed Bulbul 2 F 10: 1 P1 May QT 49

PNV 18- Đ Black Eagle 1 F,G 14: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 P1 May QT 12

PNV 18- Đ Crested Myna 2 F,G 14: 1 P1 May QT 20

PNV 18- Đ Asian Palm-swift 1 F 14: 1 P1 May QT 43

PNV 18- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F,G 15: 2 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 00

PNV 18- Đ Asian Palm-swift 1 F 15: 1 P1 May QT 07

PNV 18- Đ Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 15: 1 P1 May QT 10

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 18- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F,G 16: 1 2 P1 May QT Bee-eater 11

PNV 18- Đ Red-rumped Swallow 4 F,G 16: 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 P1 May QT 14

PNV 18- Đ Chestnut-headed 2 F 16: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 20

PNV 18- Đ Mountain Imperial- 1 F 16: 2 2 P1 May QT pigeon 39

PNV 18- Đ Asian Palm-swift 3 F 16: 1 1 P1 May QT 42

PNV 18- Đ Mountain Imperial- 2 F 16: 1 1 P1 May QT pigeon 49

PNV 18- Đ Mountain Imperial- 2 F 16: 2 2 P1 May QT pigeon 57

PNV 18- Đ Asian Palm-swift 2 F 17: 1 2 P1 May QT 01

PNV 18- Đ Black Bulbul 2 F 17: 1 P1 May QT 20

PNV 18- Đ Mountain Imperial- 1 F 17: 2 2 P1 May QT pigeon 23

PNV 18- Đ Barred Cuckoo-dove 1 F 17: 1 1 P1 May QT 48

PNV 18- Đ Long-tailed Shrike 1 F 17: 1 P1 May QT 50

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 19- Đ Large cuckooshrike 1 F 06: 2 2 P1 May QT 30

PNV 19- Đ Ashy Drongo 1 F 06: 1 P1 May QT 31

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F,G 06: 2 P1 May QT Bee-eater 37

PNV 19- Đ Red-rumped Swallow 4 F,G 06: 1 2 P1 May QT 40

PNV 19- Đ Indian Cuckoo 1 F 06: 1 P1 May QT 43

PNV 19- Đ Crested Myna 2 F 07: 2 P1 May QT 07

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F,G 07: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 16

PNV 19- Đ Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 07: 1 P1 May QT 16

PNV 19- Đ Crested Myna 2 F 07: 1 2 P1 May QT 24

PNV 19- Đ Large cuckooshrike 1 F 07: 1 P1 May QT 52

PNV 19- Đ Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 07: 1 P1 May QT 53

PNV 19- Đ Asian Palm-swift 10 F,G 07: 2 2 1 P1 May QT 55

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 19- Đ Ashy Woodswallow 1 GF 07: 2 2 P1 May QT 56

PNV 19- Đ Ashy Drongo 1 G,S 07: 1 2 P1 May QT 59

PNV 19- Đ Mountain Imperial- 2 F 07: 1 1 P1 May QT pigeon 59

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F,G 08: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 03

PNV 19- Đ Large cuckooshrike 2 F 08: 2 P1 May QT 12

PNV 19- Đ Mountain Imperial- 1 F 08: 2 P1 May QT pigeon 15

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F 08: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 26

PNV 19- Đ Crested Serpent- 1 G, F 08: 2 3 P1 May QT eagle 41

PNV 19- Đ Ashy Woodswallow 2 F,G 08: 2 2 P1 May QT 41

PNV 19- Đ Barred Cuckoo-dove 1 F 08: 1 P1 May QT 41

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 G 08: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 49

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 2 F,G 08: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 58

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 19- Đ White-shouldered 2 F 09: 1 P1 May QT Starling 08

PNV 19- Đ Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 09: 1 P1 May QT 09

PNV 19- Đ Ashy Drongo 1 F 09: 1 P1 May QT 11

PNV 19- Đ Crested Myna 1 F 09: 1 P1 May QT 16

PNV 19- Đ Indian Cuckoo 1 F 09: 1 2 P1 May QT 18

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 G 09: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 21

PNV 19- Đ Lesser Coucal 1 F 09: 1 P1 May QT 25

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F 09: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 32

PNV 19- Đ Barred Cuckoo-dove 1 F 09: 1 P1 May QT 32

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 S, F 09: 2 P1 May QT Bee-eater 36

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 S, F 09: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 51

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 S, F 10: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 18

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F 10: 2 P1 May QT Bee-eater 24

PNV 19- Đ Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 13: 1 P1 May QT 35

PNV 19- Đ Barred Cuckoo-dove 1 F 13: 1 P1 May QT 36

PNV 19- Đ Black Eagle 1 F,G 13: 3 2 3 P1 May QT 39

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 G 15: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 06

PNV 19- Đ Asian Palm-swift 2 G,F 15: 1 2 P1 May QT 07

PNV 19- Đ Asian Palm-swift 2 F 15: 1 P1 May QT 15

PNV 19- Đ Black Drongo 1 F 15: 1 P1 May QT 16

PNV 19- Đ House Swift 10 F,G 15: 2 3 1 P1 May QT 34

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 G 15: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 46

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 S, F 15: 1 2 P1 May QT Bee-eater 57

PNV 19- Đ Red-rumped Swallow 5 F, G 16: 1 2 P1 May QT 00

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 19- Đ Ashy Woodswallow 2 F,G 16: 2 2 P1 May QT 01

PNV 19- Đ House Swift 8 F,G 16: 1 P1 May QT 02 2 3

PNV 19- Đ Pacific Swift 3 F 16: 2 1 P1 May QT 03

PNV 19- Đ Black Drongo 1 F 16: 1 P1 May QT 32

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F, G 16: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 33

PNV 19- Đ Red-rumped Swallow 2 F,G 16: 2 2 P1 May QT 44

PNV 19- Đ Ashy Woodswallow 1 F,G 16: 1 P1 May QT 44

PNV 19- Đ Barred Cuckoo-dove 1 F 16: 1 P1 May QT 45

PNV 19- Đ Asian Palm-swift 2 F 16: 2 P1 May QT 53

PNV 19- Đ Asian Palm-swift 2 F,G 17: 1 P1 May QT 07

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F,G 17: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 07

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 19- Đ Crested Myna 1 F 17: 1 P1 May QT 14

PNV 19- Đ Asian Palm-swift 2 F 17: 1 P1 May QT 15

PNV 19- Đ Chestnut-headed 2 F 17: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 43

PNV 20- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F,G 06: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 33

PNV 20- Đ Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 06: 1 P1 May QT 41

PNV 20- Đ Chestnut-headed 2 F,G 06: 1 2 P1 May QT Bee-eater 49

PNV 20- Đ Indian Cuckoo 1 F 06: 1 1 P1 May QT 51

PNV 20- Đ Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 07: 1 P1 May QT 01

PNV 20- Đ Crested Myna 2 F,G 07: 1 1 P1 May QT 18

PNV 20- Đ Asian Palm-swift 4 F,G 07: 1 P1 May QT 19

PNV 20- Đ White-shouldered 2 F 07: 2 P1 May QT Starling 36

PNV 20- Đ Chestnut-headed 1 F,G 07: 1 P1 May QT Bee-eater 56

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 20- Đ Long-tailed Shrike 1 F 08: 1 P1 May QT 00

PNV 20- Đ Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 08: 1 P1 May QT 41

PNV 20- Đ Asian Palm-swift 2 F,G 08: 1 P1 May QT 46

PNV 20- Đ Crested Serpent- 1 F,G 08: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P1 May QT eagle 47

PNV 20- Đ Black Bulbul 2 F 09: 1 P1 May QT 11

PNV 20- Đ House Swift 3 F,G 09: 2 3 P1 May QT 16

PNV 20- Đ Crested Serpent- 1 F,G 09: 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P1 May QT eagle 43

PNV 20- Đ Mountain Imperial- 1 F 10: 2 P1 May QT pigeon 07

PNV 16- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 06: 1 P2 May VT 27 PNV 16- N Rufous-cheeked 1 H 06: P2 May VT Laughingthrush 28

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 16- N Spot-throated Babbler 1 H P2 May VT PNV 16- N Pacific Swift 2 G,S 06: 1 1 1 1 P2 May VT 40 PNV 16- N House Swift 6 G,S 06: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 50 PNV 16- N Pacific Swift 50 G,S 07: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 05 PNV 16- N Silver-eared mesia 1 H 07: P2 May VT 20 PNV 16- N House Swift 9 G,S 07: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 30 PNV 16- N Asian House Martin 2 G,S 07: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 P2 May VT 40 PNV 16- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 2 F 08: 1 P2 May VT 00 PNV 16- N Black Bulbul 3 F 08: 1 P2 May VT 05 PNV 16- N Red-vented Barbet 1 H 08: P2 May VT 30 PNV 16- N Blue-bearded Bee- 1 H 09: P2 May VT eater 00 PNV 16- N Pacific Swift 8 G,S 09: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 35

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 16- N Oriental White-eye 3 F 09: 1 P2 May VT 45 PNV 16- N House Swift 10 G,S 09: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 50 PNV 16- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 10: 1 P2 May VT 04 PNV 16- N Yellow-bellied Prinia 1 H 10: P2 May VT 14 PNV 16- N Crested Serpent- 1 F,G, 10: 2 2 1 1 1 P2 May VT eagle S 16 PNV 16- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 10: 1 P2 May VT 20 PNV 16- N House Swift 6 G,S 10: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 35 PNV 16- N Crested Serpent- 1 G,S 10: 2 2 3 2 1 1 P2 May VT eagle 50 PNV 16- N Yellow-bellied Prinia 1 H 11: P2 May VT 00 PNV 16- N Crested Serpent- 1 G,S 13: 3 3 3 3 P2 May VT eagle 33 PNV 16- N Pacific Swift 3 G,S 13: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 40 PNV 16- N House Swift 14 G,S 13: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 41

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 16- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 2 F 13: 1 P2 May VT 50 PNV 16- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 14: 1 P2 May VT 15 PNV 16- N Black Eagle 1 G,S 14: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 P2 May VT 36 PNV 16- N Collared Owlet 1 H 14: P2 May VT 40 PNV 16- N House Swift 4 G,S 14: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 P2 May VT 50 PNV 16- N Greater Coucal 1 H 15: P2 May VT 00 PNV 16- N Yellow-bellied Prinia 1 H 15: P2 May VT 00 PNV 16- N Rufous-bellied Eagle 1 G,S 15: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 P2 May VT 20 PNV 16- N Rufous-cheeked 1 H 15: P2 May VT Laughingthrush 44 PNV 16- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 15: 1 P2 May VT 58 PNV 16- N House Swift 3 G,S 15: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 59 PNV 16- N House Swift 5 G,S 16: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 P2 May VT 06

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Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 16- N Black Bulbul 1 F 16: 1 P2 May VT 40 PNV 16- N Lesser Coucal 1 F 17: 1 P2 May VT 20 PNV 16- N Pin-striped Tit-babbler 1 H 17: P2 May VT 24 PNV 17- N Collared Owlet 1 H 06: P2 May VT 15 PNV 17- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 4 F 06: 1 P2 May VT 17 PNV 17- N Silver-eared mesia 1 H 06: P2 May VT 25 PNV 17- N Oriental Turtle-dove 2 F 06: 1 P2 May VT 40 PNV 17- N Lesser Coucal 1 F 06: 1 P2 May VT 50 PNV 17- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 06: P2 May VT 55 PNV 17- N Indian Cuckoo 1 H 06: P2 May VT 59 PNV 17- N Red-vented Barbet 1 H 07: P2 May VT 08 PNV 17- N Greater Coucal 1 H 07: P2 May VT 10

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Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 17- N Maroon Oriole H P2 May VT PNV 17- N House Swift 2 G,S 07: 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 11 PNV 17- N White-browed 1 H 07: P2 May VT Scimitar-babbler 12 PNV 17- N Silver-backed 1 G,S 07: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT Needletail 16 PNV 17- N Pacific Swift 13 G,S 07: 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 13 PNV 17- N Himalayan Swiftlet 2 G,S 07: 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 24 PNV 17- N Asian Palm-swift 4 G,S 08: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 05 PNV 17- N Rufous-bellied Eagle 1 G,S 08: 1 1 1 1 P2 May VT 35 PNV 17- N House Swift 1 G,S 08: 1 1 P2 May VT 55 PNV 17- N Crested Serpent- 3 G,S 09: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT eagle 15 PNV 17- N House Swift 13 G,S 09: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 30 PNV 17- N Crested Serpent- 1 G,S 10: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 P2 May VT eagle 20

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Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 17- N Crested Serpent- 1 G,S 14: 2 2 3 3 P2 May M eagle 50 T PNV 17- N House Swift 2 G,S 15: 2 2 P2 May M 35 T PNV 17- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 16: 1 P2 May M 25 T PNV 17- N House Swift 2 G,S 16: 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May M 51 T PNV 17- N House Swift 3 G,S 16: 2 2 2 2 P2 May M 57 T PNV 17- N House Swift 14 G,S 17: 2 2 P2 May M 12 T PNV 18- N House Swift 2 G,S 06: 2 P2 May M 47 T PNV 18- N House Swift 1 G,S 07: 1 2 P2 May M 08 T

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Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 18- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 07: 1 P2 May M 11 T PNV 18- N House Swift 14 G,S 07: 1 2 P2 May M 21 T PNV 18- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 07: 1 P2 May M 40 T PNV 18- N Black Drongo 1 F 07: 1 P2 May M 41 T PNV 18- N Mountain Imperial- 2 F 07: 2 P2 May M pigeon 55 T PNV 18- N Black Drongo 1 F 08: 1 P2 May M 15 T PNV 18- N Himalayan Swiftlet 2 G,S 08: 2 P2 May M 16 T PNV 18- N Himalayan Swiftlet 7 G,S 08: 2 P2 May M 48 T

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Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 18- N House Swift 4 G,S 08: 2 3 P2 May M 57 T PNV 18- N House Swift 3 G,S 09: 2 P2 May M 38 T PNV 18- N Pacific Swift 2 G,S 10: 2 2 P2 May M 51 T PNV 18- N House Swift 2 G,S 10: 2 P2 May M 56 T PNV 18- N House Swift 1 G,S 11: 2 P2 May M 02 T PNV 18- N House Swift 5 G,S 11: 2 P2 May M 07 T PNV 18- N House Swift 2 G,S 11: 2 P2 May M 14 T PNV 18- N House Swift 4 G,S 11: 2 P2 May M 17 T

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Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 18- N Pacific Swift 2 G,S 14: 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 31 PNV 18- N House Swift 1 G,S 14: 1 1 1 P2 May VT 35 PNV 18- N Black Eagle 3 G,S 14: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 P2 May VT 40 PNV 18- N Black Drongo 1 F 14: 2 3 1 P2 May VT 44 PNV 18- N Rufous-bellied Eagle 1 G,S 14: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 P2 May VT 50 PNV 18- N House Swift 7 G,S 14: 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 59 PNV 18- N Silver-eared mesia 1 H 15: P2 May VT 02 PNV 18- N Himalayan Swiftlet 1 G,S 15: 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 13 PNV 18- N Red-rumped Swallow 30 G,S 15: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 24 PNV 18- N House Swift 10 G,S 15: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 29 PNV 18- N Red-vented Barbet 1 H 16: P2 May VT 04 PNV 18- N Lesser Coucal 1 F 16: 1 P2 May VT 00

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Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 18- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 16: 1 P2 May VT 15 PNV 18- N Shikra 1 G,S 16: 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 30 PNV 18- N Oriental White-eye 2 F 17: 1 P2 May VT 02 PNV 18- N House Swift 3 G,S 17: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 09 PNV 18- N Black Bulbul 1 F 17: 1 P2 May VT 15 PNV 18- N Ashy Drongo 1 F 18: 1 P2 May VT 06 PNV 18- N Red-rumped Swallow 10 G,S 18: 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 P2 May VT 15 PNV 19- N House Swift 3 G,S 06: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 33 PNV 19- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 4 F 06: 1 P2 May VT 34 PNV 19- N Pacific Swift 3 G,S 06: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 34 PNV 19- N Lesser Coucal 1 H 07: P2 May VT 20 PNV 19- N Red-vented Barbet 1 H 07: P2 May VT 50

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Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 19- N Pacific Swift 1 G,S 08: 1 1 1 1 P2 May VT 15 PNV 19- N Asian Palm-swift 1 G,S 08: 1 1 1 P2 May VT 17 PNV 19- N Crested Serpent- 3 G,S 08: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT eagle 57 PNV 19- N House Swift 3 G,S 09: 1 1 1 1 P2 May VT 20 PNV 19- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 G,S 09: 1 1 P2 May VT 25 PNV 19- N Crested Serpent- 2 G,S 09: 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT eagle 30 PNV 19- N House Swift 10 G,S 09: 1 1 1 1 P2 May VT 50 PNV 19- N House Swift 3 G,S 10: 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 06 PNV 19- N Red-rumped Swallow 10 G,S 10: 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 15 PNV 19- N House Swift 1 G,S 13: 1 1 1 1 P2 May VT 40 PNV 19- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 14: 1 P2 May VT 35 PNV 19- N Moustached Barbet 1 H 14: P2 May VT 40

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Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 19- N Silver-backed 4 G,S 14: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT Needletail 50 PNV 19- N Silver-eared mesia 1 H 14: P2 May VT 57 PNV 19- N Lesser Coucal 1 F 14: 1 P2 May VT 58 PNV 19- N Bar-backed Partridge 1 H 15: P2 May VT 55 PNV 19- N Lesser Coucal 1 F 16: 1 1 P2 May VT 20 PNV 19- N Silver-backed 1 G,S 16: 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT Needletail 27 PNV 19- N Himalayan Swiftlet 2 G,S 16: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 35 PNV 19- N House Swift 4 G,S 16: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 40 PNV 19- N Lesser Coucal 1 F 16: 1 P2 May VT 41 PNV 19- N Common Green 1 H 16: P2 May VT Magpie 46 PNV 19- N House Swift 6 G,S 16: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 P2 May VT 59 PNV 19- N Rufous-cheeked 1 H 17: P2 May VT Laughingthrush 10

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Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 19- N Black Bulbul 2 F 17: 1 P2 May VT 20 PNV 19- N Oriental Turtle-dove 1 F 17: 1 P2 May VT 30 PNV 20- N Lesser Coucal 1 H 07: P2 May M 01 T PNV 20- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 2 F 07: 1 P2 May M 04 T PNV 20- N Barred Cuckoo-Dove 2 F 07: 1 2 P2 May M 09 T PNV 20- N Black Drongo 2 F 07: 1 P2 May M 32 T PNV 20- N Barred Cuckoo-Dove 1 F 07: 1 2 P2 May M 52 T PNV 20- N House Swift 1 G,S 08: 1 2 P2 May M 11 T PNV 20- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 4 F 08: 1 P2 May M 14 T

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

birds

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight modes Start start 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

PNV 20- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 08: 1 P2 May M 15 T PNV 20- N House Swift 8 G,S 09: 1 2 P2 May M 10 T PNV 20- N House Swift 2 G,S 09: 1 2 P2 May M 17 T PNV 20- N Sooty-headed Bulbul 2 F 09: 1 P2 May M 38 T

Observers: NVT = Nguyễn Văn Thắng, ĐQT = Đặng Quang Trọng, NMT = Nguyễn Minh Tâm

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NIGHTLY BAT ACTIVITY RECORDED AT SURVEYED SITES PER PASSIVE ACOUSTIC SAMPLINGS

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PN01 (160519)

Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

C76 (R. affinis) 1 12 1 14

C95 (R. 2 2 pusillus)

F17 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 12

F24 1 2 1 1 3 8

F30 8 1 1 17 32 59

F35 7 23 6 36

F40 3 1 1 1 2 12 8 13 2 3 46

F50 1 1

F56 (Myotis 1 1 2 muricola)

Bat passes/hrs 20 4 8 1 3 4 14 1 21 17 46 41 18 0

Species 5 3 4 1 3 2 3 1 3 5 5 3 9 richness

PN02 (160519)

Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

C60 (H. 1 1 armiger)

C68 (R. 1 1 pearsonii)

C76 (R. affinis) 1 1 1 1 4

C86 (R. 2 2 malayanus)

C95 (R. 2 2 4 pusillus)

F17 1 32 12 29 6 1 5 6 11 1 10 4

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Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

F24 1 2 2 3 5 1 1 15

F30 2 23 14 5 1 9 1 55

F35 2 2 2 1 2 14 23

F40 14 8 37 13 6 13 9 7 7 10 12 13 6

F50 6 2 2 2 12

F56 (Myotis 10 1 11 muricola)

Bat passes/hrs 34 44 52 44 36 35 15 17 30 19 14 28 36 8

Species 6 4 4 3 4 8 4 3 8 5 4 3 12 richness

PN03 (170519)

Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

C76 (R. affinis) 1 1

F17 1 1 4 5 8 2 1 1 23

F24 2 3 2 1 8

F30 28 19 37 84

F35 4 1 5 38 14 62

F40 33 29 2 16 86 56 7 10 2 8 1 25 2

F45 1 1

F50 33 1 6 1 41

F56 (Myotis 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 11 muricola)

Bat passes/hrs 102 32 10 24 98 59 9 10 1 7 75 54 48 3

Species 7 4 4 4 3 3 3 1 1 2 7 5 9 richness

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PN04 (170519)

Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

C76 (R. 1 1 1 1 4 affinis)

F17 1 9 6 16

F24 1 3 1 1 1 1 8

F30 2 10 18 30

F35 1 3 2 6 10 22

F40 1 1

Bat 2 1 4 2 2 1 0 10 10 3 17 28 80 passes/hrs

Species 2 1 2 2 2 1 0 2 3 2 3 2 6 richness

PN05 (180519)

Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

C69 (H. 1 4 5 scutinares)

C95 (R. 3 1 4 pusillus)

F17 6 17 6 10 2 4 26 21 92

F24 1 5 2 9 55 7 4 83

F30 12 1 2 1 1 1 3 7 36 25 10 99

F35 5 1 8 1 8 9 3 20 7 62

F40 8 7 6 15 7 12 33 35 19 24 16 6

F45 7 2 15 1 7 11 37 15 2 97

F50 11 1 1 3 4 1 21

F56 (Myotis 3 10 6 3 24 4 34 31 42 7 16 muricola) 4

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Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

Bat passes/hrs 38 36 31 29 48 38 58 12 17 13 70 10 79 3 3 9 3

Species 6 5 6 8 7 6 6 8 8 6 7 1 10 richness

PN06 (180519)

Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

C32 (R. luctus) 6 1 7

C95 (R. 2 2 pusillus)

F17 41 15 9 17 5 4 15 11 7 7 11 14 2

F24 2 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 14

F30 1 2 6 8 1 3 25 8 54

F35 3 2 1 4 1 1 3 8 2 2 1 28

F40 6 17 74 38 82 26 37 2 1 6 28 9

F45 5 99 14 19 1 28 21 10 64 15 2 50 4 1 8

F50 3 3 1 1 1 1 10

F56 (Myotis 2 1 3 6 muricola)

Bat passes/hrs 69 136 94 76 115 61 63 12 91 17 39 21 10 4 1 60

Species 9 5 5 6 7 5 4 4 8 7 7 4 10 richness

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