Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report

Project Number: 33177 September 2005

People’s Republic of : Songhua Basin Water Quality and Pollution Control Management – Strategic Planning Report

Prepared by SOGREAH Consultants / WL Delft Hydraulics

For Songliao River Basin Water Resources Protection Bureau

This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents.

PEOPLE REPUBLIC OF CHINA

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGLIAO RIVER BASIN WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION BUREAU

SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY AND POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT

TA N° 4061-PRC

FINAL REPORT STRATEGIC PLANNING REPORT

SEPTEMBER 2005 2 340107.R4.V4

&

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGLIAO RIVER BASIN WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION BUREAU

SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT TA 4061 PRC

FINAL REPORT: VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING IDENTIFICATION N° : 2340107.R4.V4 DATE : SEPTEMBER 2005

This document has been produced by the Consortium SOGREAH Consultants/Delft Hydraulics as part of the ADB Project Preparation TA (Job Number: 2340107). This document has been prepared by the project team under the supervision of the Project Director following Quality Assurance Procedures of SOGREAH in compliance with ISO9001.

APPROVED BY Index DATE AUTHOR CHECKED BY PURPOSE OF MODIFICATION (PROJECT MANAGER)

A First Issue 2909/05 BYN,SG,JW,PLU,GDM GDM GDM

Index CONTACT ADDRESS DISTRIBUTION LIST

1 SLRBWRPB (Mr LI Zhiquan, Ms Bai ) [email protected] ; [email protected]; [email protected]

The Asian Development Bank (Robert 3 [email protected], [email protected] Wihtol, Sergei Popov) [email protected], 4 SOGREAH (Head Office)

5 DELFT (Head Office) [email protected]

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION...... 8 1.1. THE SONGHUA RIVER BASIN...... 8 1.2. LAYOUT OF THE REPORT...... 10

2. GOVERNMENT POLICIES, STRATEGIES & PLANS...... 11 2.1. CENTRAL GOVERNMENT POLICIES, STRATEGIES & PLANS...... 11 2.2. DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN NORTH EASTERN CHINA & PROVINCIAL PLANS ...... 13 2.2.1. NORTH-EAST REGION REVITALISATION...... 13 2.2.2. PROVINCIAL PLANNING DOCUMENTS...... 14 2.2.3. SRB INTEGRATED PLAN...... 17 2.3. SRB WATER RESOURCE PROTECTION PLANNING REPORT...... 18 2.3.1. CONCLUSIONS ...... 21 2.4. SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION & CONTROL PLAN (2003-2010) ...... 22 2.4.1. PLANNING TARGETS, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 22 2.4.2. THE PROPOSED PLAN ...... 22 2.4.3. LACK OF CLEAR IDENTIFICATION OF THE INVESTMENT COMPONENT...... 22 2.5. CONCLUSIONS FROM REVIEW OF GOVERNMENT PLANS & THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE 10TH FIVE YEAR PLANNING PERIOD...... 25 2.5.1. COMMENT ON GOVERNMENT PLANS...... 25 2.5.2. LONG LIST OF GOVERNMENT PLANS...... 25 2.5.3. ACHIEVEMENTS AT THE END OF THE 10TH FIVE YEAR PLANNING PERIOD....26

3. FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN ...... 27 3.1. METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK...... 27 3.2. KEY FACTORS UNDERPINNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN...... 29 3.2.1. INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL & NORTH EAST REVITATLIZATION ...... 29 3.2.2. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS OF GRAIN SECURITY IN SONGHUA RIVER BASIN...... 30 3.2.3. TRANSBOUNDARY ISSUES: ...... 33 3.3. FOSTERING A RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO PLANNING35

4. FUNCTIONAL ZONING , WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES AND EMISSION LIMIT STANDARDS...... 37 4.1. FUNCTIONAL ZONING SYSTEM...... 37 4.1.1. CONCEPTUAL APPROACH OF FUNCTION ZONING ...... 37 4.1.2. PRESENT SITUATION OF WATER FUNCTION ZONING IN SRB ...... 38 4.2. SETTING WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES FOR THE SONGHUA RIVER BASIN...... 41 4.2.1. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ...... 41 4.3. SETTING EMISSION LIMIT VALUES FOR DISCHARGES ...... 44 4.3.1. EMISSION LIMIT VALUES APPROACH IN CHINA...... 45 4.3.2. TOTAL LOAD CONTROL APPROACHES ...... 46

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE I PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

4.4. PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR SETTING WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES & EMISSION LIMITS...... 47

5. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS , POLLUTION LOADS & BASIN WIDE TARGETS ...... 49 5.1. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS ...... 49 5.1.1. POPULATION & URBANISATION RATES...... 49 5.1.2. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE RIVER BASIN...... 50 5.2. WATER USE PROJECTIONS ...... 54 5.2.1. DOMESTIC WATER USE ...... 54 5.2.2. INDUSTRIAL...... 56 5.2.3. AGRICULTURAL ...... 57 5.2.4. OVERALL WATER RESOURCE UTILISATION ...... 58 5.3. DEVELOPMENT OF A WASTE LOAD MODEL...... 62 5.3.1. DOMESTIC WASTE WATER DISCHARGES...... 65 5.3.2. INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER DISCHARGES...... 65 COMPARISON OF OPTIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION LOADS...... 74 5.4. 74 5.4.1. COMPARISON OF “BUSINESS AS USUAL” WITH “DEMAND MANAGEMENT” SCENARIOS ...... 74 5.4.2. IMPACT OF THE WASTEWATER PROJECTS ...... 75

6. WATER RESOURCES & MINIMUM LOW FLOWS 77 6.1. SURFACE WATER QUANTITY AND WATER DEMAND ...... 77 6.1.1. FUTURE DIVERSION WORKS AND RESERVOIRS ...... 78 6.1.2. WATER RESOURCE ALLOCATION...... 79 6.2. MINIMUM FLOWS TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT...... 80 6.2.1. FUTURE MINIMAL ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW...... 83

7. WATER QUALITY IMPACT ...... 86 7.1. INTEGRATED WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT & MONITORING...... 86 7.2. MODEL DESCRIPTIONS & SET-UP...... 87 7.2.1. RELATION BETWEEN POLLUTANT LOADS AND WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ...... 88 7.2.2. THE SURFACE WATER QUANTITY & WATER QUALITY MODEL...... 89 7.3. MODEL CALIBRATION & BASELINE CONDITIONS...... 90 7.4. THE CONCEPT OF CARRYING CAPACITY IN RELATION TO MODELLING90 7.5. IMPACTS WITH THE PROJECTS...... 91

8. THE STRATEGIC PLAN ...... 94 8.1. A VISION FOR THESONGHUA RIVER BASIN...... 94 8.2. OBJECTIVES...... 95 8.2.1. INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER...... 95 8.2.2. DOMESTIC WASTEWATER...... 95 8.3. STRATEGIES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT...... 95 8.3.1. PRINCIPALS FOR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL...... 95 8.3.2. KEY TASKS FOR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL...... 96 8.3.3. OVERALL STRATEGIES...... 96 8.3.4. SUB RIVER BASIN PRIOIRITIES & STRATEGIES...... 96

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE II PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

8.4. SUMMARY OF KEY OBJECTIVES...... 98 8.4.1. STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE THESE OBJECTIVES...... 98

9. IMMEDIATE ACTION PLAN OVER THE 11TH FYP ...... 101 9.1. MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER ACTION PLAN ...... 101 9.1.1. PROJECT IDENTIFICATION...... 101 9.1.2. PRIORITISATION OF PROJECTS ...... 102 9.1.3. PRIORITISED LIST OF POLLUTION INTERVENTIONS...... 110 9.1.4. IDENTIFICATION OF AN IMMEDIATE ACTION PLAN...... 113 9.2. INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER...... 120 9.2.1. CLEAN PRODUCTION ...... 123 9.3. RIVER HEAD PROTECTION PROJECTS...... 126 9.3.1. DISCUSSION OF PROPOSED PROJECTS...... 126 NON POINT POLLUTION SOURCES ...... 129 9.4. 129 9.4.1. NUTRIENTS ...... 129 9.4.2. IMMEDIATE ACTION PLAN...... 130 9.4.3. GUIDELINES FOR THE TREATMENT OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION ..130 9.4.4. COUNTERMEASURES TO NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION ...... 131 9.4.5. MONITORING & ASSESSMENT...... 133 9.4.6. TECHNICAL STUDIES & CAPACITY BUILDING...... 133

10. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN ...... 135 10.1. OVERALL FINANCING REQUIREMENTS...... 135 10.2. FINANCING STRATEGY...... 136 10.3. LOAN PACKAGING WITHIN THE STRATEGIC PLAN ...... 139 10.3.1. INVESTMENT LOANS...... 139 10.3.2. POTENTIAL COMPONENTS FOR THE STRATEGIC PLAN ...... 141 10.3.3. CURRENT APPROACHES IN ADB PROJECTS...... 142 10.4. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SONGHUA WATER QUALITY STRATEGIC PLAN ...... 144 10.4.1. FLOW OF FUNDS...... 148

11. KEY ISSUES, RISKS & CONSTRAINTS...... 162 11.1. IMPLICATIONS OF FINANCING STRATEGY ON TARIFFS ...... 162 11.2. AFFORDABILITY ...... 163 11.3. FINANCIAL ISSUES & OPERATION OF WWTP...... 166 11.4. LEAST COST & AFFORDABILITY ...... 166 11.5. PROVISION OF WASTEWATER SERVICES IN SMALL TOWNS & COMMUNITIES...... 167 11.6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARD MEASURES ...... 167 11.7. WASTEWATER REUSE...... 167

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE III PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Pollution Control Target Rates from the Ecological Province Planning...... 16 Table 2-2: Pollution Control Target Rates For Cities ...... 16 Table 2-3: COD Total Volume Control and Abatement Volume Distribution Summary Sheet for River Basin...... 19 Table 2-4 Estimated Annual Reception Waste Capacity (in tons) Based on Reported Daily Values...... 20 Table 2-5: Estimated Annual Control Volume by Stage (in tons) Based on Reported Daily Values ...... 20 Table 2-6: Estimated Annual Abatement Volume by Stage (in tons) Based on Reported Daily Values ...... 21 Table 4-1: Class I Water Function Zone of the SRB ...... 39 Table 4-2: Class II Water Function Zone in SRB ...... 39 Table 4-3: Functional Classification of Water Bodies...... 42 Table 4-4: QUALITY STANDARD FOR SURFACE WATER (UNIT: MG/L, EXCEPT PH)...... 42 Table 4-5: Parameters Modification Comparison between 2002 and 1999 Standards ...... 43 Table 4-6: Advantages and disadvantages of the technological and environmental approaches...... 45 Table 4-7: Emission Standards Of Wastewater (Unit Mg/L Except Ph)...... 46 Table 5-1: Songhua River Basin Population and Urbanisation Rate ...... 50 Table 5-2: Songhua River Basin GDP Growth Rate Projections ...... 51 Table 5-3: SRB Agricultural Irrigation Area ...... 52 Table 5-4: Irrigation Area of Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery Sectors in SRB ...... 53 Table 5-5: SRB Industrial Production Trends...... 54 Table 5-6: Songhua River Basin Domestic Unit Consumption Values (LCD = Liters per Capita per Day) ... 55 Table 5-7: Songhua River Basin Domestic Water Consumption Projections ...... 55 Table 5-8: Songhua River Basin Industrial Consumption Unit Rates ...... 56 Table 5-9: Songhua River Basin Projected Industrial Water Use (Per Year) ...... 57 Table 5-10: Songhua River Basin Projected Agricultural Water Use (Per Year) ...... 58 Table 5-11: Songhua River Basin Water Use Projections (Per Year)...... 59 Table 5-12: SRB Sub-Catchments ...... 64 Table 5-13: Industry Type by Water Consumption Class...... 65 Table 5-14: Industry Type by Water Consumption Class...... 66 Table 5-15: Industrial Water Consumption Trends SRB 1980-2000...... 67 Table 5-16: Average Wastewater Discharge Concentrations for Industries in the SRB (Year 2000)...... 68 Table 5-17: Emission Standards Of Wastewater (Unit Mg/L Except Ph)...... 69 Table 5-18: Pollution Intensities per Class of Industry in the SRB...... 69 Table 5-19: Target COD Intensities (COD kg/ 10000 RMB Yuan output Year 2000 Base)...... 73 Table 5-20: Domestic and industrial waste water discharge and COD loads* ...... 75 Table 5-21: Installed Treatment Capacity* ...... 75 Table 5-22: Potential increase of COD concentration due to waste water discharges* ...... 76 Table 6-1: Key Existing and Planned Reservoirs...... 79 Table 6-2: Minimum flows in Songhua river basin (status 2005) ...... 81 Table 6-3: Minimal and optimal ecological flow of Songhua River) ...... 85 Table 8-1: Proposed Objectives and Targets for Water Quality and Pollution Control in the SRB ...... 98 Table 9-2: Results of OLS Regressions for Estimation of O&M Costs ...... 110 Table 9-3: Description of “TOP 60” Domestic Wastewater Pollution Control Projects ...... 115 Table 9-3: Description of “TOP 60” Domestic Wastewater Pollution Control Projects ...... 118 Table 9-4: List of Industrial Pollution Control Projects ...... 121 Table 10-1: Indicative Cost Estimates for Investment Projects...... 136 Table 10-2: Summary of ADB Projects for Wastewater and Water Supply in China...... 143 Table 10-3: FRAMEWORK...... 150 Table 10-4: Policy Matrix ...... 154 Table 11-1: Comparison of Wastewater tariffs and Average Incremental Costs for Selected Projects...... 162 Table 11-2: Estimated Project Affordability Based on Percentage of GDP ...... 163

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE IV PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1: The Songhua River Basin ...... 9 Figure 2-1: Location of Proposed Wastewater Treatment Facilities (SEPA Plan)...... 24 Figure 3-1: Overview of Development of SRB Pollution Control Strategy and Key Outputs from Study...... 28 Figure 3-2: Black Soil Physical & Chemical Feature Comparisons ...... 32 Figure 3-3: Downstream Sections of the Heilongjiang/ System ...... 34 Figure 3-4: Example of River Basin Approach to Planning ...... 36 Figure 5-1: Projected Urban Population Growth, SRB 2000 to 2030...... 50 Figure 5-2: Comparison of Water Use With Available Water Resources...... 61 Figure 5-3: Decomposition of the SRB into Sub River Basins ...... 63 Figure 5-4: COD Intensities for Industries ...... 73 Figure 5-5: Comparison of Business as Usual and Reduction & Recycling Scenario for Industrial COD Discharges...... 74 Figure 6-1: The 75% low flow distribution in Nen and main Songhua river ...... 82 Figure 6-2: The 75% low flow distribution in Yitong and main Songhua river...... 83 Figure 6-3: The 75% low flow distribution in Second and main Songhua river...... 83 Figure 7-1: Model complexities for water quantity and water quality ...... 87 Figure 7-2: Sobek 1D-model schematization of the Songhua river basin...... 89 Figure 8-1: Key Elements of the Vision for Water Quality of the SRB ...... 100 Figure 9-1: Proposed Ranking Criteria for Wastewater Projects Within the SRB...... 103 Figure 9-2: Approach Adopted for Prioritisation of Projects...... 105 Figure 9-3: Scatter Plot of Operation and Management Costs Compared to Treatment Capacity ...... 108 Figure 9-4: Scatter Plot of Operation and Management Costs Compared to Investment Costs ...... 108 Figure 9-5: Scatter Plot of Operation and Maintenance Costs Compared to Investment Unit Cost...... 109 Figure 9-6: Ranking of Long List of Domestic Pollution Control Projects ...... 112 Figure 9-7: Location of Proposed Domestic Wastewater Investments as part of the SRB Immediate Action Plan ...... 114 Figure 10-1: Outline Implementation Schedule for the Strategic Plan including the Immediate Action Plan ...... 138 Figure 10-2: PROPOSED INITIAL LOAN TO BE SUPPORTED BY ADB...... 147 Figure 10-2: Possible Flow of Funds for Different Parts of the Sector Development Programme ...... 149

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A Bibliography

Appendix B Waste Load Model

Appendix C Long List of Projects

Appendix D Project Summary Sheets

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE V PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS

ADB Asian Development Bank BAT Best Available Technology BH Bureau of Hydrology EA Executing Agency EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ELV Emission Limit Values EMP Environmental Management Plan EPB Environmental Protection Bureau EU Environmental Unit FB Forestry Bureau GEF Global Environment Facility GIS Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System GVIO Gross Value of Industrial Output IRBM Integrated River Basin Management IMAR Inner Autonomous Region MAC Maximum Admissible Concentration MLR Ministry of Land and Resources MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOC Ministry of Construction MOF Ministry of Finance MoU Memorandum of Understanding MWR Ministry of Water Resources, PRC NPC National People’s Congress NPCC National People’s Consultative Committee PLG Project Leading Group PMO Project Management Office PPTA Project Preparation Technical Assistance PRC People’s Republic of China RRP Report and Recommendation to the President SDRC State Development and Reform Commission

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE VI PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration SFA State Forestry Administration SLRB Song- Basin SRB Songhua River Basin SWRC Songliao Water Resources Commission SWRPB Songliao Water Resources Protection Bureau SRSPLG SongLiao River System Protection Leading Group TA Technical Assistance TVE Township and Village Enterprise WRB Water Resource Bureau WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE VII PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. THE SONGHUA RIVER BASIN

The Songhua River Basin is the third largest river basin in PRC after the and Yellow . About 63 million people live in the catchment area, and the overall growth rate is about 0.3%. The Songhua River originates from two main sources, the Nen and Second Songhua rivers, which meet near to form the main Songhua River. From this , the Songhua River flows in eastern/northern direction to join the Heilong (Amur) River on the boundary between and PRC. About 54 per cent (300,000 km2) of the area belongs to the catchment, 13 per cent (73,000 km2) to the Second Songhua catchment, and the remaining 33 per cent (184,000 km2) is immediately adjacent to the Songhua River main channel. Average annual rainfall is low, varying from less than 400 mm in the west to more than 800 mm in the east. Most rain falls within the June-September period, and average rainfall in a wet year may be three times that of a dry year.

The river basin is demarcated by three border mountain ranges. The Daxing’an range lies along the west and southwest border of the basin in , the Xiaoxing’an range limits the north and northeast part of the basin, and the Changbai range limits the south and southeast part of the basin. The forest cover in these ranges provides reasonable protection for the water resources of the area and cascade multipurpose reservoirs have been developed along the .1 Other significant landforms are the Song-Nen and Sanjiang floodplains. and Heilongjiang provinces were selected in 1999 and 2001 by the Government to become two of the country’s three experimental “ecological provinces”, in acknowledgement of their rich biodiversity and potential for sustainable management of natural resources.

Harbin (urban population 3.6 million), (2.7 million), (1.1 million) and Daqinq (about 1 million), all important cities with populations over 1 million, are located in the Song-Nen Plain, the largest of two major floodplains. The second major floodplain in the basin is the 100,000 km2 (or “Three Rivers Plain”) at the confluence of the Songhua, Heilong and Wusuli rivers. It is one of the most important agricultural production areas in the PRC. The Sanjiang Plain comprises the largest contiguous wetlands in eastern Asia (about 1.5 million ha), and provides globally-important breeding areas and migratory routes for waterfowl. Large parts of Sanjiang Plain, however, have been drained for agricultural development, and the remaining part is under threat of further development for agriculture, industry, and construction of highways and urban facilities.2

There is a relatively high urbanization rate in the basin with 43 % of the population living in cities or towns. The rural population totals 35.4 million (57 %) and about 17.4 million ha (31 %) of the basin area is farmland. On average, each rural person has about 0.5 ha of farmland, ranging from 0.32 ha per person in Jilin, to 0.8 ha in Inner Mongolia, which is higher than the national average. Only 22 % of farmland is irrigated and a large percentage of farmland is quite poor, especially in Inner Mongolia. Due to its susceptibility to drought and desertification, however, Inner Mongolia has the highest proportion of irrigated land (37 %). According to a study by the Songliao Water Resources Commission (SWRC), 66 counties with a population of 32.7 million are at high risk of drought and . In these high-risk counties, about 70 % of people live in

1 The upper watershed forest cover appears to be generally better than in many other major river systems in PRC (ADB-. PPTA, Revised Midterm Report, May 2001) 2 ADB Technical assistance is provided in 2004 to prepare a 2006 loan project for the Sanjiang Plain.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 8 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

rural areas. Average per capita income in rural areas is about Y2,200, half the urban average. The livelihood and crops of rural people are particularly vulnerable to natural disasters such as floods and droughts. FIGURE 1-1: THE SONGHUA RIVER BASIN

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 9 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

1.2. LAYOUT OF THE REPORT

The ensuing chapters of this report deal with the following topics:

Chapter 2 GOVERNMENT POLICIES, STRATEGIES & PLANS

Chapter 3 FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN

Chapter 4 THE BASIS FOR RIVER BASIN PLANNING: WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT, FUNCTIONAL ZONING, WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES AND EMISSION LIMIT VALUES

Chapter 5 DEVELOPMENT TRENDS, WATER RESOURCE UTILIZATION, POLLUTION LOADS & BASIN WIDE TARGETS

Chapter 6 WATER RESOURCE ALLOCATION & MINIMUM ECOLOGICAL LOW FLOWS

Chapter 7 WATER QUALITY IMPACT

Chapter 8 STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVING THE OBJECTIVES

Chapter 9 IMMEDIATE ACTION PLAN OVER THE 11TH FIVE YEAR PLANNING PERIOD

Chapter 10 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN & THE IMMEDIATE ACTION PLAN

Chapter 11 KEY ISSUES & CONSTRAINTS

The report is accompanied by an appendix covering the following topic:

Appendix A Bibliography

Appendix B Waste Load Model

Appendix C Long List of Projects

Appendix D Project Summary Sheets

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 10 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

2. GOVERNMENT POLICIES, STRATEGIES & PLANS

This chapter provides a review of the existing plans and reports relevant to water quality and pollution control management in the Songhua River Basin, focusing on two key documents: • The Songhua River Basin Water Resources Protection Planning Report (this is understood to represent the MWR Water Resources Protection Plan as per the TA paper); • The Songhua River Basin Water Pollution Prevention Planning Report (this is understood to be represent the SEPA Pollution Control Plan as per the TA paper).

As was expressed in the TA paper these two documents (together perhaps with other documents) should form the basis of an integrated water quality and pollution control management plan (IWQPCMP). In order to assess the suitability of these, an extensive review of these two documents has been undertaken.

2.1. CENTRAL GOVERNMENT POLICIES, STRATEGIES & PLANS

China’s vision for the future conditions of the environment has been expressed by SEPA3 : “The vision is that within the next decades, polluted and toxic rivers and waters will again be clear, the air will be clean and fresh to breathe, the soils will be fertile, the forests will grow and be healthy, and the natural resources shall be used in a way that ensures there is enough also for future generations.”

China has put the issue of environmental protection as one of its fundamental policies to guarantee sustainable development of the nation in the 21st century. The first twenty years of the new century are regarded as a key strategic period in which the harmonization of economic development and environmental protection is regarded as a major challenged.

In 1992 and 1993, China developed a National Agenda 21 - White Paper on China's Population, Environment and Development in the 21st Century. A Leading Group co- chaired by a deputy minister of the State Science and Technology Commission and a deputy minister of the State Planning Commission was established in August 1992 to organise and coordinate the formulation and implementation of China's Agenda 21, which was approved by the State Council in March 1994. In 1994, the State Council also issued a directive calling on government institutions at all levels, to consider China's Agenda 21 as an overarching strategic guideline for the formulation of economic and social development plans, and particularly to integrate it into the Five Year Plans, plans for the year 2010, and into day-to-day management.

Agenda 21 aims to solve pressing problems associated with population, natural resources, environment and development confronting the country. A priority programme of the Centre will be incorporated into medium-and long-term national economic and social Development plans particularly the Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001-2006).

3 SEPA, 1998. State of the Environment in China

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 11 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

The Chinese government has drawn up three main principles for pollution control: • Prevention first and combining prevention with control, • Polluters pay, and • Strong environmental regulatory framework

Prevention should be achieved by the obligation to carry out environmental impact assessments for all new projects and by the "three-at-a-same-time" system by which pollution prevention and control should be carried out simultaneously with the planning, the construction and the putting into operation of new projects. A regulatory framework has been set up, including laws for environmental protection and prevention and control of water pollution, standards for emission of pollutants and regulations concerning environmental fines for units that exceed the set limits.

The water pollution control issues have been given attention in the Tenth Five-Year Plan. Particular concern is given to the surface water quality, to the water shortages and to the industrial pollution from large industries as well as from Town and Village Enterprises (TVEs).

In the Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001-2005), the Central Government has given priority to increased investment and improvement in urban infrastructure management and has set aggressive investment targets of $11 billion for water supply and $15 billion for sanitation infrastructure.

Some specific objectives set out in the plan and other recent policy documents are: • For wastewater, the objective is to provide wastewater treatment to approximately 45% (from 34%) of the total urban wastewater generated in cities (an increase of 26 million m3); 70% for wastewater generated in major provincial cities; and 60% of wastewater in medium-sized cities (prefecture or country level); • Increase the use of recycled water by industries from 50% in 2000 to 60% in 2005, which is equivalent to an increase in water supply capacity of 160 million m3/day. • Increase the water tariffs to achieve commercial levels, charge wastewater fees, and allow the joint billing of water and wastewater charges; • Increased commercialisation and corporatisation of wastewater and water utilities (regardless of ownership); • Strengthening of environmental supervision and regulation through a national environmental regulatory body (SEPA); and • Encouragement of the use of private sector financing in the sectors;

The China Trans-Century Green Project is an important component part of the National Ninth and Tenth Five-year Plan for Environment Protection and the long-term Target for the Year 2010. It is a concrete plan with specific projects and key areas, designed to organise the relevant departments, localities and enterprises and pool financial and material resources in carrying out a series of project measures with regard to some key regions ,major basins and vital environmental problems and in conformity with the implementation of international conventions ,wages several great campaigns, promote the work as a whole and declare war on environmental pollution and ecological destruction under control by and large and improve the environmental quality of some cities and regions at the end of this century and gradually attain the general objectives of environmental protection in China in 2010 (SEPA).

"The Green Project", spanning 15 years ,is divided into three phases . The first phase ran simultaneously with the "Ninth Plan", that is between the year 1996 and 2000. The second and third Phases follow sequentially.

The principles for compiling a project under of the "Green Project" are : • Special attention is paid to major environmental problems;

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 12 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

• Technology and economy are both feasible ; • Consideration must be given to environmental ,social and economic benefits ; • "Polluter pays for the pollution"; the capital input is to be borne mainly by the localities and the enterprises; • The implementation of every project will be regulated by the current investment management system.

In November 1998, the State Council issued the National Ecological Environment Construction Plan. Based on ecological environment protection and conservation in China, this new plan introduced some important aspects related to terrestrial ecological environment conservation. The main content of the plan included the protection of natural resources such as natural forests, tree and grass planting, water and soil conservation, desertification control. These activities should all be carried out with particular emphasis on public participation and with the effective use of modern technologies.

2.2. DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN NORTH EASTERN CHINA & PROVINCIAL PLANS

2.2.1. NORTH-EAST REGION REVITALISATION

The development of the north east region has been particularly influenced by geopolitical forces; from the beginning of the previous century until 1949 with the forming of the PRC, development in the region was particularly influenced by occupying forces of both Russia and Japan. Thereafter, during the periods of the first two five year plans, considerable emphasis was placed on the rebuilding of the industrial base of Dongbei, with the support of the USSR. Following a cooling of relations with the USSR, key industries especially heavy industries, were moved to less exposed areas particularly in central and western China. This marked the first decline of the region, which later became exacerbated in relative terms during the Reform and Opening Up period of the late 1970s and 1980s.

With the change of leadership at the head of the Communist Party in 2003, a new orientation was given to regional policy. Whereas the development of the coastal regions was to continue, first inaugurated as part of the Reform and Opening Up strategy of the late 1970s together with the Develop the West policy through the Four Seventies4, it was made clear that the Dongbei region, hitherto neglected, would become a major focus of attention for the (CCP). This policy shift was confirmed by the National People’s Congress (NPC) in March 2003.

It should be noted at this point that the North East PRC is a politically defined area consisting of the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and ; although geographically part of north eastern PRC, for government purposes Inner Mongolia is considered to be part of Western PRC.

Although details of the new policy are not in the public domain, some details are becoming public as the policy of Revitalize the North East is becoming implemented. Key themes of this revitalization include: • Restructuring of State Owned Enterprises; • Increased agricultural yield and higher added value; • Environmental recovery and pollution prevention;

4 The Develop the West strategy largely took the form of the loosening of some policies and a massive injection of funds under the Four Seventies policy: 70% of all multilateral aid, development bonds, lending by policy banks and central government tax revenues from provincial sources were allocated to infrastructure investments.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 13 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

• Encourage domestic and foreign direct investment; • Integration within North East Asia.

These themes can all be found in the strategies developed by the three provinces and presented to central government in early 2004. However, it should be noted that these strategies (as published in the public domain) provide a series of goals and targets, but little in the way of the resource requirements necessary to realize these goals.

In terms of resources, central government has announced that it will issue development bonds worth 60 billion yuan RMB, to finance the revitalization of 100 projects in the three provinces. However, it should be clearly noted that this represents only a small proportion of the funding necessary to realize the strategy; significant funding sources will need to be found from elsewhere, notably it is hoped from direct investment (local and foreign).

Although at an early stage, there have been a number of comments on the strategy (see for example Wall, 2004): • First , the plans as developed by the three provinces could be regarded as “competitive” seeking to maximize support from central government without considering overall gains of the region as a whole; however, recent planning documents show how government thinking in this area is developing with the development of an integrated view of the north-east region urban groups and industrial belts; • Secondly, the thinking behind the strategies as developed by the provinces is largely built around the concept of revitalization of pre-existing industries and towns suffering from the depletion of resources upon which they were based. In some instances, closure and managed decline may be a more rational approach than revitalization; • Thirdly, although there is much discussion concerning a move to a market based economy there is little evidence that there is a real understanding of the implications of such a move nor of the benefits that the private sector can bring both in project financing and management.

International commentaries of the plan suggest that the strategies are most likely to succeed by emphasizing the role of the direct investment and strengthening the growing economic cooperation with the countries of North East Asia, notably Russia, the DPRK, the Republic of , Japan and Mongolia.

The above general comments refer to a general economic review of the Revitalize the North East policy as initially presented. In terms of the theme concerning environmental recovery and pollution prevention, there has been as yet little new strategies related to this theme except for repeating the goals largely already included in the previous Tenth Five Year Planning documents. As will be seen later in this report, there is a fundamental need to develop the institutional and regulatory systems to attract direct investment into the pollution control sector (eg domestic wastewater) so that the continually decreasing water quality does not become an impediment to the revitalization strategy.

2.2.2. PROVINCIAL PLANNING DOCUMENTS

2.2.2.1. THE TENTH FIVE-YEAR PLANNING AND 2015 PLANNING FOR WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN THE SONGHUA RIVER BASIN (JILIN)

This report details the proposals for water pollution control in the SRB for Jilin Province for the 10th Five Year Planning period and for the 15 year planning period from the year 2000.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 14 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

The report summarizes the major problems of pollution control in the river basin and future objectives.

Major pollution sources in the Province are quoted as: • Domestic Pollution • Pollution form soil erosion • Pollution from non-point agricultural pollution • Industrial Pollution

The report proposes two major goals for water quality objectives within the river basin : • By 2005, urban centralized drinking water sources should meet the Class II standard; headwaters of the Songhua River should be at Class II, whereas the Huifa, Jiao, Lafa, mainstream of the Nen, Taoer and Mudan rivers should meet Class III standards; • By 2015, all rivers in the SRB should meet their WQOs.

The report proposes an action plan to deal with these pollution sources aimed at meeting the above requirements consisting of: • Protection Program of Urban Centralized Domestic Drinking Water Sources; this covers the protection of the Xinlicheng and Shitoukoumen reservoirs and Songhua Lake; • Urban Wastewater Treatment Program involving 63 wastewater projects, of which 33 would be completed by the end of 2005; • Ecological Environment Construction Program involving 9 projects to protect the ecological environment; • Urban Garbage Treatment Program involving 6 major projects; • Industrial Pollution Source Control Project involving 14 proposed projects; • Water Environmental Monitoring & Capacity Building

The total capital investment for the projects was estimated at the time as 16.06 Billion yuan RMB.

2.2.2.2. JILIN ECOLOGICAL PROVINCE PLANNING

The development of the ecological Province of Jilin is described in two planning documents, Jilin Ecological Province Construction Plan [Ref. 80] and Jilin Province Ecological Environment Protection Plan [Ref. 81], which have been made available to the consultant for review. The development of an ecological province in China resides upon the national policy documents, Agenda 21 and the National Ecological Environment Construction Plan described previously in §2.1.

The reports develop the various goals and actions necessary for the establishment of Jilin as an ecological province, particularly developing the notions of a “green economy” and a “knowledge economy”.

The planning steps for the development of Jilin as an ecological province were demarcated as follows (from the year 2000) • Until 2005 short term; • Until 2015 medium term; • Until 2030 long term.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 15 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Of particular relevance to this report are the different objectives set for levels of service with regard to environmental protections. A number of parameters are provided in the following tables, abstracted from these sources:

TABLE 2-1: POLLUTION CONTROL TARGET RATES FROM THE ECOLOGICAL PROVINCE PLANNING

Jilin Province Jilin Province Ecological Ecology Province

Environment Construction Overall Protection Plan Plan Summary Parameter 2005 2015 2030 2005 2015 2030 Sewage > > > > > > Treatment 40% 70% 90% 50% 80% 90% Solid Waste > > > > > > Treatment 65% 85% 95% 30% 60% 80% Achieving water > > > > > > quality objectives 50% 80% 90% 40% 60% 80%

TABLE 2-2: POLLUTION CONTROL TARGET RATES FOR CITIES

Parameter 2000 2005 2015 2030 Changchun Sewage Treatment 20% 70% 70% 90% > > Solid Waste Treatment - 95% 95% 98% > Sewage Treatment - 57% 80% 95% > > Solid Waste Treatment - 66% 85% 98% Large Cities (250 000 – 500 000) Sewage Treatment - 50% 80% 95% 85% Solid Waste Treatment - 50% 95% 85%

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 16 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

2.2.3. SRB HEILONGJIANG INTEGRATED PLAN

This report details the proposals for water pollution control in the SRB for Heilongjiang Province focusing on the 10th Five Year Planning period and also for the 11th and 12th Five Year planning periods.

The report summarizes the major problems of pollution control in the river basin and future objectives.

Major pollution sources in the Province are quoted as: • Domestic Pollution • Pollution from soil erosion • Non-point pollution from ecological environmental damages • Industrial Pollution • Pollution from foreign wastewater coming from the upstream of the main Songhua and Mudan Rivers

The report proposes three major goals for water quality objectives within the river basin: • By 2005, 80% of the national-level monitoring sections in the main Songhua and main including the Nen and Mudan etc should meet the WQOs of water functional zoning; • By 2010, water quality should improve further and the main Songhua and key tributaries in the SRB should meet their WQOs of water functional zoning; • By 2015, the whole main Songhua subcatchment should meet their WQOs to ensure sustainable utilization of water resources.

The report proposes an action plan to deal with these pollution sources aimed at meeting the above requirements consisting of: • Urban Wastewater Treatment Program involving 62 wastewater projects, of which 32 would be completed by the end of 2005; • Ecological Environment Construction Program involving 69 projects to protect the ecological environment, of which 32 would be completed by the end of 2005; • Urban Garbage Treatment Program involving 30 major projects, of which 25 would be completed by the end of 2005; • Industrial Pollution Source Control Project involving 30 proposed projects; • Environmental Monitoring & Capacity Building

The total capital investment for the projects was estimated at the time as 21.72 Billion Yuan RMB in which that for the 10th Five Year Planning period was 14.55 Billion Yuan RMB.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 17 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

2.3. SRB WATER RESOURCE PROTECTION PLANNING REPORT

This document provides for the river basin a detailed analysis of the required pollutant loads to be “removed” from the SRB in order to achieve compliance with designated water functional zoning and water quality objectives. The report uses 1999 as a baseline and therefore uses the ‘old’ water quality assessment standards.

The SRB Water Resource Protection Planning Report provides estimates of the required levels of COD and NH4-N (in t/year) required to achieve specified water quality objectives (WQOs) for various sections main and branch streams of the river system. The current analysis focuses only on the data relating to COD but the comments are most likely equally applicable to NH4-N.

The results of the SRB analysis are presented in TABLE 2-3 for the aggregated main and branch streams and for the entire year. However, the underlying data required for these estimates are presented by smaller sections and the subsequent results could theoretically be aggregated for individual sections. Similarly, the results could be disaggregated by season (defined as high, medium, and low water flow periods) to determine the extent of pollution abatement required at each period during the year. Given that pollution abatement can be converted into wastewater treatment, the results could provide the basis for subsequent estimation of the required volume and cost of wastewater treatment. Since data are presented for 2005, 2010, and 2020 it should be feasible to estimate the flow of investment and operating costs required over the planning period and subsequently the net present value of the investments. The impact of alternative WQOs could theoretically be investigated through adjustments to the reception waste capacities of specific sections ad estimation of the resulting changes in abatement volume. This would translate into a modified flow of investment and operating costs.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 18 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 2-3: COD TOTAL VOLUME CONTROL AND ABATEMENT VOLUME DISTRIBUTION SUMMARY SHEET FOR RIVER BASIN. (t/year) Point Reception Existing Total Control Total Abatement Pollution River Base River Waste reception control Volume by Abatement Volume by Abatement System Year Capacity waste volume Volume Stage Volume Stage Volume by Stage 2005 320,938 143,787 66,936 49,371 Main 2010 331,482 210,722 76,851 103,626 133,871 40,161 29,622 Stream 2020 331,482 76,851 26,774 19,748 Second 2005 1,862 20,115 12,520 9,163 Yinma Songhua 2010 1,862 32,634 7,595 12,603 25,039 7,512 5,498 River River 2020 1,862 7,595 5,008 3,665 2005 322,800 163,902 79,446 58,534 Sub-total 2010 333,344 243,356 84,446 116,229 158,910 47,673 35,120 2020 333,344 84,426 31,782 23,413 2005 264,894 168,282 15,293 84 Main 2010 259,308 183,575 152,989 159,106 30,586 9,176 53 Stream Nen 2020 254,140 152,989 6,117 34 River 2005 264,894 168,282 15,293 84 Sub-total 2010 259,308 183,575 152,989 159,106 30,586 9,176 53 2020 254,140 152,989 6,117 34 2005 1,065,146 626,924 180,478 66,185 Main 2010 1,043,860 807,401 446,445 518,637 360,956 108,281 39,711 Stream 2020 990,175 446,445 72,191 26,474 2005 39,900 224,814 112,742 112,742 Mudan 2010 39,900 337,556 112,072 157,169 225,484 67,645 67,645 Main River 2020 39,900 112,072 45,097 45,097 Songhua 2005 20,550 164,754 75,545 100,339 River Tangwang 2010 20,550 240,299 89,209 119,427 151,090 45,327 60,203 River 2020 20,550 89,209 30,218 40,136 2005 1,125,596 1,016,492 368,765 279,266 Sub-total 2010 1,104,310 1,385,256 647,726 795,233 737,530 221,259 167,559 2020 1,050,625 647,726 147,506 111,707 2005 1713290 1,348,676 463,504 337,884 Total 2010 1696962 1,812,187 885,161 1,070,568 927,026 278,108 202,732 2020 1638109 885,141 185,405 135,154 Source: Table 6-4-1 of SRB Water Resource Protection Planning Report

Prior to attempting any more detailed analyses or possibly securing the underlying model, it was considered prudent to review the data presented in the relevant tables of the SRB report and to verify the linkages between them. However, without knowledge of the exact calculations used the only possible option was to make a simplifying assumption and determine if the outcome was “in the ballpark”. For example, where data are quoted for the three flow periods in kg/day the equivalent value for t/year was estimated on the assumption that each flow period lasted for one-third of the year (an assumption that seems reasonable give the definitions of the periods in the report).

The reception waste capacity estimates in TABLE 2-3 are apparently derived from Table 5-4-1 of the SRB report for the main streams and Table 5-4-7 for the branch streams. Applying the approximate conversion formulas produces estimates of reception waste capacities that appear to be reasonable for the main streams but of variable quality for the branch streams (Table 2-4). The close fit for the Yinma River estimates contrasts with the major discrepancies for the Mudan and Tangwang Rivers. The SWRPB indicated that the values for the branch streams shown in TABLE 2-3 were obtained directly from each province and have not been validated. As a consequence the consultant was recommended to contact the responsible person in each province for clarification. These conflicts raised some doubt about internal conflicts and contradictions in the various tables reported from the model. However, it was also reported that the capacity estimates are dependent on the assumptions concerning the WQOs, and changes in their values over time

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 19 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 2-4 ESTIMATED ANNUAL RECEPTION WASTE CAPACITY (IN TONS) BASED ON REPORTED DAILY VALUES Stream 2005 2010 2020 Main Streams Second Songhua River 320,840 331,414 331,414 Nen River 262,243 256,706 251,597 Main Songhua River 1,065,121 1,043,838 990,064 Branch Streams Yinma River 1,864 1,864 1,864 33,284 28,346 28,346 Tangwang River 49,942 49,942 49,942 Source: Consultants estimate based on data in SRB Water Resource Protection Planning Report

By applying the same procedure to the daily estimates of control volume in Table 6.2.1 of the SRB report yielded an estimate of the annual control volumes for main streams for the three target years, 2005, 2010, and 2020. The situation for the branch streams was more potentially complex since no comparative table of daily information could be identified in the report. SWRPB informed that the necessary base data was provided in Tables 6-3-10 to 6-3-12 of the SRB report. Review of the tables raised some concern about the validity of this information since the tables appear to refer solely to Class II Function Areas rather than Class I Function Areas. Nevertheless the required conversions were made. Estimated annual values for both the main and branch streams are shown in Table 2-5 and can be compared with the values in the SRB report as shown in TABLE 2-3. Again the main stream values appear to be sufficiently similar to confirm that this is indeed the link. By contrast, the data for the branch streams are completely different indicating that the information in Tables 6-3-10 to 6-3-12 were not the source of the annual information. Unfortunately there is no alternative table that might provide the necessary information.

TABLE 2-5: ESTIMATED ANNUAL CONTROL VOLUME BY STAGE (IN TONS) BASED ON REPORTED DAILY VALUES Stream 2005 2010 2020 Main Streams Second Songhua River 143,848 103,676 76,896 Nen River 168,299 159,101 152,968 Main Songhua River 626,880 518,496 446,241 Branch Streams Yinma River 1,071 1,071 1,071 Mudan River 118,276 107,373 85,569 Tangwang River 16,635 16,635 16,635 Source: Consultants estimate based on data in SRB Water Resource Protection Planning Report

Table 6-2-2 of the SRB report provides daily estimates of COD abatement requirements for the main streams during the high, mean, and low flow periods for 2005, 2010, and 2020. An alternative data set is provided in Tables 6-3-1 to 6-3-3, which on examination proved to be the same in aggregate. Thus the conversion can be applied to either data set and yields the estimates of annual abatement volumes in Table 4. Again there appeared to be limited data available for the branch streams, with Tables 6-3-10 to 6-3-12 offering the only possible source. Conversion of these data into annual values is also shown in Table 2-6. Comparing these estimates with the figures in TABLE 2-3 reveals a repeat of the earlier pattern whereby the main stream values are acceptable but branch stream ones are completely different.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 20 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 2-6: ESTIMATED ANNUAL ABATEMENT VOLUME BY STAGE (IN TONS) BASED ON REPORTED DAILY VALUES Stream 2005 2010 2020 Main Streams Second Songhua River 66,952 40,171 26,780 Nen River 15,322 9,199 6,133 Main Songhua River 180,640 108,384 72,256 Branch Streams Yinma River 17,355 17,355 17,355 Mudan River 187,845 198,748 220,552 Tangwang River 184,663 184,663 184,663 Source: Consultants estimate based on data in SRB Water Resource Protection Planning Report

2.3.1. CONCLUSIONS

Overall, it is evident that the data provided in the SRB report for the main streams can be logically linked together to compute the summary table (shown as TABLE 2-3). Consequently it should be possible to disaggregate the information to the separate flow periods in order to estimate the magnitude of pollution abatement, and hence wastewater treatment, required in each period. This would provide a more accurate estimate of requirements than relying on annual average data. Unfortunately, similar information is not available for the branch streams so that the value of the model is limited. Similarly there is no indication of the impact that changing WQOs would have on the reception capacity of the rivers.

The review of the tables and findings has been discussed in detail with SWRPB. This confirmed the reasonableness of the assumptions concerning the main streams and the lack of data for the branch streams. Information for the branch streams was apparently compiled by provincial organizations and then incorporated directly into the model. Apparently there was no verification of its overall consistency and the consultant was suggested to contact the provincial institutions directly for any verification.

The model as specified only estimates the magnitude of the incremental pollution abatement load under a specific set of assumptions. There appears to be no easy means to change most of these assumptions, for example investigating different development rates or different water demand scenarios. To be useful in decision making the model should be extended to include the necessary investment in wastewater treatment facilities so that the cost of alternative management decisions can be investigated.

To recover the information and reconstitute the model in a format that would permit its for assessing the implications of achieving water quality standards and WQOs, and estimating the associated investment costs would be a major exercise, and subject to considerable risk with respect to achieving the overall objective. It is likely to be more efficient to build a new model from scratch, even if simplified, and to incorporate the required features.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 21 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

2.4. SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION & CONTROL PLAN (2003-2010)

This summary report provides an outline of the water pollution prevention and control plan for the Songhua River Basin over the period 2003-2010. Developed by SEPA, on the basis of individual plans for each of the provinces, the report describes 147 projects with a total investment of a little over 20 Billion RMB Yuan (2.5 Billion USD). Key aspects of the report are summarised below.

2.4.1. PLANNING TARGETS, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The implementation of the plan would be undertaken over two periods from 2003 to 2005 and thereafter from 2005 to 2010.

In the immediate period the plan would attempt to achieve water quality objectives for 70% of control sections. This would be achieved by reducing COD and ammonia loads by 22.2% and 15.4% respectively with respect to the baseline conditions of the year 2000.

For the year 2010 the goal is to attain water quality objectives for 90% of the control sections. This would be achieved through a reduction of total COD loads by almost 54% and ammonia loadings by 21% with respect to the baseline conditions of the year 2000.

The project would thereby progressively improve the water quality of the main Songhua River. Dissolved oxygen is projected to reach 3mg/l by 2005 and 5mg/l by 2010.

2.4.2. THE PROPOSED PLAN

During the plan period, 2003~2010, 146 structural projects and one capacity building project are proposed under the draft SEPA-SRB Water Pollution Control Plan. The total investment envisaged is CNY20.42 billion of which CNY20.21 billion is for structural projects and CNY200 million is for capacity building. Structural projects relate mainly to urban centralized drinking water site protection, water quality protection for river headwaters, and pollution control in key cities. The proposed investment for 2003-05 is CNY11.23 billion, comprising CNY11.13 billion for 77 structural projects and CNY100 million for capacity building, while the proposed investment for 2006-10 is CNY9.19 billion, comprising CNY9.09 billion for 69 structural projects and CNY100 million for capacity building.

It is proposed to implement the plan in two stages: • An immediate action plan lasting from 2003 to 2005 consisting of three major items: – Urban drinking water source protection plan: – Songhua headwater quality protection plan: – Key cities water pollution treatment plan: in which the seven key cities of , , , , Qiqihar (all in Heilongjiang) and Jilin and Changchun (in Jilin) are identified as key cities for pollution discharge control. In total 50 projects are proposed consisting of 26 urban wastewater projects and 24 industrial pollution control projects are proposed –

2.4.3. LACK OF CLEAR IDENTIFICATION OF THE INVESTMENT COMPONENT

Some key problems in the consistency of these data with other sources have been identified and are detailed below:

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 22 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

• Lack Of Clear Identification Of The Investment Component: Only in the case of structural projects are the projects fully identified through inclusion of their name, location, sector and estimated cost. The proposed capacity building projects are not identified in detail, being simply summarized as a single project with an investment cost of CNY200 million. The data lack an indication of the proposed investment by stage, suggesting a lack of real concern about capacity building. By way of comparison, the investment for capacity building proposed in the Water Pollution Control Plans of three Provinces/Prefecture amounts to CNY280 million (Table 7) although this excludes investment in basin-level capacity building. No comparison is available of the alternative estimates of the state/provincial/prefecture-level Water Pollution Control Plan and the SEPA-SRB Water Pollution Control Plan. • Investment in projects under construction: Of the 77 structural projects proposed for 2003-05, 29 are reported as under construction, and these account for about 10% of the total investment during 2003-10. These projects should be omitted when comparing the state/provincial EPB reports with the SEPA-SRB report. The implications of this adjustment are that the number of projects in Heilongjiang Province should be reduced from 70 to 63 with the investment reduced from CNY12.18 billion to CNY11.54 billion. For Jilin, the number of projects should be reduced from 53 to 45 and the investment reduced from CNY7.11 billion to CNY6.27 billion, while in Inner Mongolia the number of projects should be reduced from 23 to 9 with the investment reduced from CNY910 million to CNY410 million. If the current status of proposed projects is checked, more are likely to be under construction.

• The relationship between investment and wastewater treatment capacity: Investment in structural measures is expected to be approximately proportional to increased wastewater treatment capacity. From the investment plan (excluding projects under construction) for 2003-05, proposed investment in Jilin Province accounts for 37% of the total for the three provinces/region while increased capacity accounts for 43% of the total. For Heilongjiang, investment is 57% and increased capacity is 46%, while for Inner Mongolia the ratios are 7% and 11% respectively. The main reason for these discrepancies is the relative size of urban centralized drinking water site protection projects. The proposed investments for the provinces/regions in 2006-10 are more balanced with Jilin accounting for 33% of investment and 37% of increased capacity, Helongjiang for 65% of investment and 61% of increased capacity and Inner Mongolia 2% of each. However, these data relate only to sewage disposal projects of the local authorities.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 23 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 2-1: LOCATION OF PROPOSED WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES (SEPA PLAN)

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 24 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

2.5. CONCLUSIONS FROM REVIEW OF GOVERNMENT PLANS & THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE 10TH FIVE YEAR PLANNING PERIOD

2.5.1. COMMENT ON GOVERNMENT PLANS

Both water pollution control plans and water resource protection plans have been developed in the Songhua River Basin.

The contents of the two plans overlap to certain degree. The water pollution control plan normally covers pollution reduction through economic restructuring, cleaner production and end of pipe approach, but in general concentrates on the latter aspect.

The water resources protection plan concentrates primarily on the amount of pollution to abstract from the SRB to enable compliance with water quality objectives.

Sixteen drinking water source protection projects are identified in the SRB Water Resources Protection Plan with a total investment of CNY260 million (equivalent to 21% of the total investment). These projects are also included in the SEPA Pollution Control Plan. According to the relevant guidelines, these projects should only be included in one of the plans. Furthermore, Water Environmental Monitoring Capacity Building Plan excludes investment for Inner Mongolia, while 11 projects are identified in the provincial plan with a total cost of CNY38 million. Relevant supporting information should be provided to clarify this issue.

In summary, the difference of sector emphasis and planning period lead to project duplication. Additionally, the separated approval channels for different sectors can result in duplicated proposals and investments. Furthermore, the existing plans have severe limitations for financial evaluation.

This confirms the need to develop an integrated plan.

It is noticed that provincial governments have taken steps in addressing the integrated issue in water resource protection and pollution control planning by appointing the provincial planning and reform commission to head the planning with other departments such as environmental protection agency and water resource agency. The Integrated Water Pollution Control Planning of Songhua River Basin in Heilongjiang Province in 2001 and the Nen River Basin in 2002 was developed on the basis of this approach. This kind of approach needs to extended to the whole river basin using the leading group and its administrative office as leading institution in the draft of integrated river basin water resource protection and water pollution control planning.

2.5.2. LONG LIST OF GOVERNMENT PLANS

A number of different planning documents have been described in this chapter. In particular, the SEPA Plan and the pollution control plans from the Provincial Authorities have been used to develop a “long list” of pollution control projects, primarily covering the domestic wastewater sector. These have been supplemented following various discussions with both provincial/municipal authorities.

Details of these projects as collected by the project team are included in Appendix C of this report; their approximate location of these projects is included in Figures 19.1 – 19.4 in the accompanying map volume (Volume 5).

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 25 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

2.5.3. ACHIEVEMENTS AT THE END OF THE 10TH FIVE YEAR PLANNING PERIOD

The analysis conducted by this study indicates that over the Tenth Five Year Period that has not been an improvement of water quality in spite of significant government efforts to undertake pollution control measures.

Pollution in terms of organic matter is clearly most serious in winter periods; this indicates that to improve water quality in the SRB in terms of organic load at least, projects involving the control of point sources should be prioritized in comparision to projects involving non-point sources. This is not to negate the importance of non point pollution which has a clear impact on water resources, but provides a guiding element for the development of the strategic planning for the basin. Groundwater is also becoming seriously polluted and over-utilized in many large cities (especially those towns on the mainstream of the Songhua)

In terms of Domestic Pollution Control Sector within the river basin raising the treatment capacity from approximately 1 million m3/day at the start of the 10th Five Year Plan to almost 2.5 million m3/day by the end of the 11th FYP. However, overall levels of treatment still remain low in comparison to requirements and lower than the objectives set as part of the 10th Five Year Plan. This is exacerbated by the observation that a significant number of the constructed plants are not operating (the consultants estimate approximately 30 % of the installed capacity is currently not operating). Observations in the river basin indicate that there was in general during the 10th Five Year Planning Period insufficient funds to implement the approved plans and projects with private sector investment (either foreign or domestic) being especially low as expected, reflecting general trend of industrial sector. Whereas wastewater tariffs had been introduced in many communities, these are generally significantly lower than operation costs.

In terms of the Industrial Pollution Control Sector, there would appear to have been continued improvements in this sector; this is ascribed primarily to the closing down or process transformation of main industries, rather than the impact of pollution control measures. There still remains nevertheless a large number of « persistent » polluters, particularly associated with SOEs.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 26 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

3. FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN

3.1. METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK

The approach taken in this study for the development of the strategic planning is summarized in Figure 3-1.

The pollution control strategy is based on the consideration of economic and social development within the Songhua River Basin over the planning horizons from 2005 to 2010 and to 2020 and relevant government policies and strategies in the sector. Economic and social development within the SRB has been recently influenced by a major policy decision concerning the development of the North East Region.

In the case of Heilongjiang and Jilin, forming the major part of the SRB, and with Liaoning, part of the North East or Dongbei Region, the recent policy decisions announced by Central Government concerning the revitalization of the old north east industrial base are of paramount importance. This region, which in the 1950s was the major centre of industrial production in China, has over the last 25 years been lagging behind other areas such as the Delta Region, the Region and the Bohai Bay (-) region. Recognising this, the Central Government, following the recent focus on the Western Regions (in which Inner Mongolia is situated), has launched a development strategy aimed at rejuvenating not just the industrial base but the whole socio-economic basis of the region.

As discussed in Chapter 2, the pollution control investments defined as part of the SEPA plan (and others) would appear to be the collected list of individual interventions proposed by the municipalities within the river basin and can therefore be considered as solutions to rather localized problems.

The approach to be adopted within this study will ensure that the proposed interventions are taken from a strategic viewpoint at the river basin level (see below); this will provide a rationale and justification for the identification and prioritization of the various pollution control projects.

The focus of the planning is on pollution control and thereby on improvements in overall river basin water quality. However, to be effective this must be set in the broader context of water resource management. The planning therefore considers elements of water resources strategy impinging on pollution control. This involves notably: • Water use reduction through both policy and tariff based controls; the active pursuit of such policies (which are promulgated by Central Government policies and directives) will actively contribute to pollution control management by the relative reduction of pollutant discharges; • Through the maintenance of minimum low flows within the river basin thereby assuring a minimum level of dilution of pollutant discharges.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 27 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 3-1: OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF SRB POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGY AND KEY OUTPUTS FROM STUDY

Socio-Economic Environmental & North East Region Development River Basin Revitalisation 5 Year Planning Management Policy

SRB Situation Pollution Control Strategy Analysis Water Resouces Protection

Regulatory Mechanism s Pollution Integrated Monitoring & Technical Institutional Policy & Control River Basin Capacity Research & Reform Regulations Projects Management Building Studies

Institutions

Monitoring

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 28 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

The strategic plan will comprise six key outputs: • An integrated plan (combining the plans of the SEPA, MWR and others) of pollution control projects; • Proposals for undertaking integrated river basin management within the SRB • In line with this a phased program of institutional reforms; • Proposals concerning improved monitoring and capacity building; • Proposals concerning technical studies and research; • and associated regulatory/policy reforms.

For the successful implementation of the strategic plan, it is proposed to implement the plan as a phased series of infrastructure investments associated with a broader program of institutional, monitoring and regulatory reforms. Funding for the infrastructure investments would be made available as and when milestones associated with the reform agenda are achieved.

3.2. KEY FACTORS UNDERPINNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN

3.2.1. INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL & NORTH EAST REVITATLIZATION

3.2.1.1. MAJOR POLLUTION EMISSION MUNICIPALITIES AND POLLUTION INDUSTRIES IN THE SRB

Jilin provincial Changchun and Jilin and Heilongjiang provincial Harbin, Qiqihar, Daqing, Mudanjiang, and JIamusi municipalities, which are located in the middle and down streams of the Songhua River Basin, are major ones in which northeast old Industrial enterprises mainly concentrated. In 2004, with an Industrial wastewater discharge volume of over hundred million tons per year, these municipalities ranked first seventh in all the municipalities of the Songhua River Basin. The middle and large-sized enterprises of the seven municipalities constitute energy and water high consuming, water high discharging Industrial distributions in the Songhua River Basin, low integrated utilization of water resources and low wastewater reuses took place, and the issues of structural pollution are much prominent.

The Industries of paper-making, chemical Industry, power electricity, petrol-chemical industry, equipment manufacture, metallurgy, oil exploitation, foodstuff, and fibre, are major wastewater discharge Industries in the Songhua River Basin, and their wastewater discharge volume account for 88.8 percent of the total Songhua River Basin industrial wastewater discharge. The COD load from Paper-making, oil exploitation, chemistry, foodstuff, medicine, equipment manufacture, power electricity, fibre, construction are 97 percent of the total Songhua River Basin industrial COD load; the NH3-N load from petrol-chemicals, chemistry, paper-making, power electricity, fibre, equipment manufacture, and foodstuff account for 58 percent of the total Songhua River Basin industrial NH3-N load. These serious polluting Industries discharge are not able to steadily reach the national standard, Industrial wastewater discharge result in serious water pollution and has sever threats to ecological security in the Songhua River Bsin.

3.2.1.2. BASIC ORIENTATIONS OF THE SONGHUA RIVER BASIN FUTURE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

Currently, China is carrying out northeast old Industrial base revitalization strategy. The basic orientations of the Songhua River Basin future Industrial development strategy are:

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 29 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING (1) Heilongjiang province makes full use of resource advantages, follows advanced industrial way and mainly constructs the six large bases of equipment manufacture, petrol-chemicals, energy, foodstuff, pharmacy and forestry.

(2) Jilin province exerts itself to build the five large bases of automobile, petrol-chemicals, agricultural by products process, modern Chinese herbaceous medicine, and bio-pharmacy and photoelectric information, and rebuilds traditional Industries using high technologies.

This shows that northeast old Industrial base revitalization of the Songhua River basin will upgrade original advantageous Industries, build national energy- raw materials, and advanced equipment manufacture bases; highlight to develop foodstuff, medicine and etc regarded as new core Industries and high-new technological industries such as photoelectric information, bio-pharmacy, and new materials to promote the structural adjustment of northeast old Industrial base. That is to say those seriously polluting Industries will continue to take place; consequently Industrial pollution control will face great press and challenge, in the same time the structural adjustment of Industries and technological advancement will also bring a good chance for Industrial pollution control.

3.2.2. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS OF GRAIN SECURITY IN SONGHUA RIVER BASIN

For Chinese grain security, potential supply and demand gap is mainly highlighted. Strengthening governmental macro-control, increasing production input and developing free trade are considered to guarantee Chinese grain security but these studies seldom involve the environmental constraints on grain security. The white paper on grain problems, which issued Central government in October 1996, hardly covered the influence of environmental pollution on agricultural production.

The Songhua River Basin is one of Chinese main grain production basis. Last over 20 years, Industrial pollution discharge, agricultural chemical pollution and agricultural eco-system deterioration is an austere challenge to grain production, supply and demand of the Songhua River Basin. If environmental constraints are not considered, grain security of the Songhua River Basin hardly would guarantee.

3.2.2.1. INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION

Since 1990’s, industrial pollution control of the Songhua River Basin has had quite great progress, pollutants discharge increase is under control as a whole. Nevertheless, total wastewater discharge has yet kept high level, especially, basically untreated industrial wastewater of the Songhua River Basin township businesses directly discharged to the rivers and farmland, and limit agricultural production.

Industrial wastewater pollution mainly affects crop and fishery. In agriculture growth, the influences of industrial pollution on agricultural products were seldom identified scientifically and this direct influence was mostly neglected. The influences of industrial pollution on fishery show visible damages, and hence the claim indemnity of fishery business accounts for high proportion in water pollution accidents.

Industrial solid waste also has serious effects on agriculture by encroaching on farmland and polluting surface/ ground water.

3.2.2.2. AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 30 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING Agricultural chemical products such as fertilizer, pesticide and film for agriculture have an important role for grain growth of the Songhua River Basin. But the excessive and improper uses of them easily result in agricultural pollution forming the constraints of grain growth potentials.

The non-point pollution of the Songhua River basin has threatened groundwater, rivers, lakes and reservoirs. A mass of nutrient matter such as nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland flow in lakes and reservoirs by surface water and make them eutrophication. Fertilizer and pesticide have an active role for agricultural growth, but their negative effects on growth and quality of grain also compel them to be limited to reasonable quantity.

Pesticide remainders should be given public attention. Pesticide remainders in agricultural products are not only quality issue, but also directly threaten public health. Pesticide not only kill pest and also include a mass of beneficial organisms such as birds, frogs and bacteria in soil. These results make destruction and deterioration of agricultural eco-system.

3.2.2.3. ECO-SYSTEM DETERIORATION

Agricultural eco-system deterioration decreases its service functions such as grain supply, soil development and nutriment recycle, waterlog and drought regulation, and land deterioration adjustment, and increases agricultural ecological frangibility. In case big natural disasters occur the grain security of the Songhua River basin will be threatened.

Water quality, soil erosion, desertification, salinization and alkalinization are the main reasons of the Songhua River Basin eco-systems.Currently, there is a soil erosion area of 306,000km2 accounting for 54.6% of the total Songhua River Basin area. Serious area of soil erosion mainly distribute in typical black belt in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, which is the one of global three black belts, totaling area of over 7 million ha. The Songhua River Basin is one of the national main commodity grain bases, and supports national 53% of maize and 37% of soybean. Soil erosion makes soil layer become thin and fertility decrease (Fig). As -drought disasters occur, the resisting abilities of agricultural eco-system are restricted.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 31 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 3-2: BLACK SOIL PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL FEATURE COMPARISONS

Black Soil in the period pf Reclamation

Black Soil in 1980’s

12% 67.9% 57.7% 58.0% 1.2g/cm3

52.5%

35.8% 26.6%

0.4g/cm3 1%

Organic Matter Total Porosity Field Moisture Granule Bulk Density Capacity

Eco-system deterioration and disappearance of wetlands and forests result in decrease and disappearance of species, and also threat to sustainable agricultural production. Water pollution makes fish population destroyed seriously and native fish resources decrease sharply. At present, the fish species in the Jiamusi reach of the Main Songhua River is merely equal to 10 % of early 1980’s of 20th century.

3.2.2.4. WATER ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

The water pollution has threatened grain security of the Songhua River Basin, but these threats are able to be controlled and mitigated by effective measures.

(1) Mitigation and treatment of water pollution need a mass of investment. As pollutant removal rate is 70%-80%, treatment costs are not too high, if removal rate increase to 90%-95%, margin cost will rise sharply. Industrial expansion and agricultural intensive development, pollutants discharge is estimated to be more and more bigger, this ask removal rate more and more higher, and treatment costs also will increase sharply. Nevertheless, due to reasons of policy, management mechanism and economic benefits of water pollution treatment, the fulfillment of treatment investment is difficult. If there is no sufficient investment for wastewater treatment, the water environment would not be improved, and the wastewater treats to grain security would also not be eliminated in the Songhua River.

(2) Time lag effects of environmental issues make the environmental threats to grain security have chronicity. Except some paroxysmal pollution accidents, the most of environmental pollution and destruction all experience a chronic light to serious processes. Some paroxysmal pollution accidents actually occur by accumulating process. Another aspect of environmental time lag effects shows the treatment and elimination of pollutants also experience chronic process and not get effects instantly, for example, water pollution and soil erosion of the Songhua River Basin are not able to be under instant control. It is obvious that even if there is enough investment, but is not foresightful consciousness, environmental pollution and control all

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 32 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING present time lag effects. This narrates the constraint of environmental issues on grain security is not eliminated for short term in the Songhua River Basin.

(3) Some irreversible environmental changes further shrink guarantee space of grain security. If wetlands reverse to farmland, restoration of wetlands will be impossible. After the reclamation of wetlands, social and economic pressures do not permit to restore original wetlands. For example, from natural, social and economic perspectives, the wetland reclamation of the Sanjing and Song-Nen Plains, restoring original wetland landscapes is unpractical. Hence, environmental irreversible changes lost a part of potentials and natural adjust functions of agricultural production and as a result, shrank guarantee space of grain security in the Songhua River Basin.

(4) Environmental deterioration trends of the Songhua River Basin and even China have yet lasted for some time. Based on the studies of World Bank and United States, environmental deterioration and economic development level have clear correlation. In the early period of economic development, less uses of environmental resources took place, and destruction extent of environment is lighter; following economic development, resources consumption increase, environmental deterioration will accelerate. As only economy develop to higher level, this deterioration trend is able to be mitigated and controlled. Many analysis results indicate that as income per person reaches 5,000 to 8,000 dollars, environment will be improved along with economic development. The income per person of the Songhua River Basin has not yet reached 1/10 of this figure. Since Chinese reform and opening, economic development but environmental deterioration of the Songhua River Basin also proves this view. Following the implementation of northeast revitalization strategy, social and economic development will speed up, and many environmental issues may be neglected. This shows that before environmental issues mitigate, environmental constraints on grain security of the Songhua River basin will more accelerate.

3.2.3. TRANSBOUNDARY ISSUES:

Besides the important integrated water management objectives and plans to improve the water quality situation within the Songhua river basin, water management must also be aware and take into account the transboundary issues at the most downstream location in the basin. Songhua basin drains into the Heilongjiang/Amur river basin, just downstream of Tongjiang, which forms the border between Russia and China until .

Although neither international transboundary obligations nor water quality related agreements could be traced for the Heilongjiang or Songhua river, it is clear that changes in the water quality and water quantity situation in the Songhua river will influence the conditions in the Heilongjiang/Amur river. The Heilongjiang/Amur river basin includes important wetlands complexes and was acknowledged as one of the most priority freshwater ecoregions of our planet and a renowned migratory corridor for millions of birds such as storks and cranes.

The construction of many reservoirs in the past in Songhua river basin has influenced the water quality and water quantity situation compared to the natural conditions. The influence will be enlarged after the finalisation of Nierji reservoir in 2006. In general it can be stated that the construction of storage reservoirs has improved the downstream water quality situation, especially in dry (winter) periods. On the other hand, the economic activities in the Songhua basin have significantly deteriorated the water quality situation in recent decades, despite the construction of a number of WWTPs.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 33 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 3-3: DOWNSTREAM SECTIONS OF THE HEILONGJIANG/AMUR SYSTEM

Based on sampling activities in April and May 2005, the water quality situation in the Heilongjiang river until the confluence with the Songhua river have been included in the next Table. These data show that the water quality situation is generally around class V, with COD being the main pollutant. The situation in the Heilongjiang river seems to improve in a downstream direction, although the water quality at the confluence deteriorates again until class IV.

Nr. River Name of section flow (m3/s) WQ class Main pollutant (compared to class V)

1 Heilongjiang Luogu river - >class V CODCr (2.3 times), CODMn (5.6 times)

2 Heilongjiang Shangmachang - class V CODCr (0.6 times), CODMn (0.6 times)

3 Heilongjiang Kalunshan 4990 class V CODCr (0.5 times), CODMn (0.6 times)

4 Heilongjiang JIayin - class II -

5 Heilongjiang Fuyuan class IV CODCr (0.4 times), COD Mn (0.1 times)

Remark: sampled in April and May 2005; Fuyuan section is located downstream of Tongjiang.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 34 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING As a consequence, activities and measures in the Songhua river basin will influence the situation in the Heilongjiang/Amur river and have effect on water uses the downstream part of the Heilongjiang basin and the water uses in the Russian part of the Amur river basin. Proper integrated river basin management should involve all stakeholders, and an agreement to exchange monitoring information is generally a first step in such cooperation process.

Environmental issues in the Heilongjiang/Amur basin have been discussed at the international symposium on preservation of environment in regions of Northeast Asia in November 2003 in Khabarovsk. It was also discussed at the session of a mixed Russian-Chinese working group in August 2003 and in July 2004 in Moscow. At a recent meeting of representatives of the , JAR and Heilongjiang province, the continuation prospects of joint monitoring of the Amur and waters have been discussed. Subsequently in October 2004, the second round of negotiations took place between the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation and State administration on preservation of the environment of Chinese People's Republic. The purpose of these negotiations was to discuss the Memorandum of mutual understanding on cooperation in the field of joint monitoring of transboundary waters.

3.3. FOSTERING A RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO PLANNING

Figure 3-4 provides a summary of the typical planning approach within a river basin management context.

Three key steps are indentified in this figure, notably: • Step 1: Development of a river basin management plan (in this context the Integrated Water Quality and Pollution Control Plan) consisting of: – Diagnosis: Volume 2 of this report has presented an overall diagnosis of conditions within the SRB at the end of the 10th Five Year Planning Period. – Objectives: Objectives for water quality and pollution control are developed in Chapters 4, 5 and 6 of this report – Strategies: Chapter 7 develops and outlines a series of activities that would enable to achieve the objectives over the • Step 2: The Multi-Annual Action Plan (or in this context the Immediate Action Plan): Chapters 8 to 11 develop the multi-annual action plan for the 11th FYP. • Step 3: The Annual Action Programme: This activity is beyond the scope of this study, but would follow on from the IAP.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 35 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 3-4: EXAMPLE OF RIVER BASIN APPROACH TO PLANNING

Stage 1: DIAGNOSIS Analysis of the current water resources situation (present situation and recent evolution) and explanation of cause effect links LAN

P Basin Council session

Stage 2: OBJECTIVES Definition of objectives to be achieved in the STEP 1 long- and medium term for the common basin

ANAGEMENT ANAGEMENT interest, using a participatory approach M Basin Council session ASIN B Stage 3: STRATEGIES

IVER Description of the type of activities that would R enable to reach the objectives

Basin Council session

MULTI-ANNUAL ACTION PROGRAMME List of actions for the restoration and protection STEP 2 of water bodies, to be implemented within the next planning period (e.g. 5 years)

Basin Council session

ANNUAL ACTION PROGRAMME Priority actions extracted form the Multi-annual STEP 3 Action Programme, presented for claims to the Budget

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 36 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

4. FUNCTIONAL ZONING , WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES AND EMISSION LIMIT STANDARDS

4.1. FUNCTIONAL ZONING SYSTEM

4.1.1. CONCEPTUAL APPROACH OF FUNCTION ZONING

Water Function Zoning determines for a specific water body area its proposed dominant use and its corresponding water quality objectives on the basis of • the prevailing natural conditions; • the functional requirements; and • the water resources development situation.

The Water Function Zone is the basis for the implementation of the Water Law, and for the monitoring and management of water resources.

Key principles for Water Function Zoning are the followings:

1. Water Function Zoning must be combined with regional plans related to water resources and socio-economic development, to provide guarantees for wise mobilization of water resources and for sustainable protection of the aquatic environment based on its carrying capacity.

2. In the process of the demarcation of Water Function Zones, the river basin is considered as a single entity and the requirements for socio-economic development applicable to the Water Function Zone are given full consideration. Sources for urban drinking water supply must be given priority for conservation.

3. Water Function Zoning must be flexible enough to allow for the application of new technologies and socio-economic development in the future.

4. The delineation of the Water Function Zones is in line with the existing administrative boundaries to the greatest extent for a more easy and convenient management.

5. Future water requirements for economic development, in terms of water volume and water quality must be considered in the Water Function Zoning.

6. The water quality objectives of the Water Function Zones cannot be lower than the current water quality classes observed.

Following these principles, the zoning is based on a two classes system: • Class One Function Zone includes four categories of water function: 1) protected zone, 2) buffer zone, 3) development zone and 4) reserved zone.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 37 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

• Class Two Function Zone relates exclusively to the development zones and is subdivided into several classes of usage: drinking water use, industrial water use, agricultural water use, fishery use, landscape and recreation use, transition use and sewage discharge control use.

This system has been used and is still used by the WRB.

Similarly, EPB developed a Water Environmental Zoning also dependant upon the final use of a river section and on its quality objectives. Water environmental zoning of EPB is based on GB3838-2002 "Surface Water Environment Quality Standard", and GB8978-96 "Wastewater Integrated Discharge Standard". Its objective is to control water pollution status of main rivers and streams, protect the water resources, safeguard the human health, maintain the ecological balance, and focuses on the basin water pollution control unit and on the main pollution source control.

EPB’s classification relies on five types of water function class in compliance with the requirements of GB 3838-2002 and in accordance with the present condition of water resources use and protection objectives: • Class I: unpolluted head water, national natural protection area. • Class II: integrated domestic drinking water source of class I protection zone, and sensitive fish breeding protection zone. • Class III: integrated domestic drinking water source of class II protection zone, common fish protection zone and swimming area. • Class IV: industrial water use area and entertainment area which do not allow direct contact with water (no swimming). • Class V: agricultural water use and common landscape zone.

Until recently, both systems created a rather confusing situation as they resulted in significant divergences at least in some river sections.

However, this situation has drastically improved these last few years, with the coordinated work of the concerned agencies. At provincial level, the WRB organized the preparation of the Province/Regions’ Function Zoning including the contribution of the EPB. The Function Zoning prepared was approved by each Province or Region Government for what concerned their respective jurisdiction, as soon as October 2001 for Heilongjiang, and more recently for IMAR (April 2005) and Jilin (May 2005).

The 3 Provincial/Regional Function Zoning Divisions have been aggregated at River Basin level by the Songliao River Basin Water Resources Protection Bureau and submitted to the Ministry of Water Resource for eventual approval.

Today, the Songhua River Basin relies on a unique Function Zoning Division, which is a decisive positive step in favor of integrated basin management. However, this Plan results basically from the juxtaposition of 3 Provincial/Regional Plans, without an appropriate integration particularly of the transboundary situations observed. Further action towards harmonization of planning tools is strongly required for an efficient implementation and use of the plan.

4.1.2. PRESENT SITUATION OF WATER FUNCTION ZONING IN SRB

SONGHUA RIVER BASIN

There are 221 Class 1 Water Function Zones within SRB, among which 49 belong to the Second Songhua River catchment, 104 to the Nen River catchment and 68 to the Main

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 38 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING Songhua River. The total length of Class 1 Zones is 19,564 km, and the average river length per Class 1 Zone is 89km. There are 168 Class 2 Water Function Zones, including 34 which belong to the Second Songhua River catchment, 59 to the Nen River catchment and 75 to the Main Songhua River catchment. The total length of Class 2 Zones is 16,696 km, with an average river length of 99 km per Class 2 Zone.

TABLE 4-1: CLASS I WATER FUNCTION ZONE OF THE SRB

CATCHMENT CLASS ONE ZONE NUMBER RIVER LENGTH (KM)

Protected Zone 34 3,256 Reserved Zone 20 1,986 Nen River Buffer Zone 18 872 Development Zone 32 3,499 Subtotal 104 9,614 Protected Zone 23 1,052 Reserved Zone 8 498 Second Songhua River Buffer Zone 5 67 Development Zone 13 1,940 Subtotal 49 3,556 Protected zone 21 1,705 Reserved zone 13 1,192 Main Songhua River Buffer zone 7 525 Development Zone 27 2,974 Subtotal 68 6,395 Total 221 19,564

TABLE 4-2: CLASS II WATER FUNCTION ZONE IN SRB

CATCHMENT CLASS TWO ZONE NUMBER RIVER LENGTH (KM)

Drinking Water Source Zone 2 8,362 Water Use Zone for Industry 4 364 Water Use Zone for Agriculture 32 2,693 Nen River Landscape and Recreation Zone 0 0 Transition zone 9 140 Sewage Discharge Control Zone 9 34 Water Use Zone for Fishery 3 189 Subtotal 59 11,783 Drinking Water Sources Zone 11 514 Water Use Zone for Industry 1 16 Water Use Zone for Agriculture 15 1,271 Second Songhua River Landscape and Recreation Zone 2 22 Transition zone 3 94 Sewage Discharge Control Zone 1 5 Water Use Zone for Fishery 1 18 Subtotal 34 1,940 Main Songhua River Drinking Water Sources Zone 10 190 Water Use Zone for Industry 3 32 Water Use Zone for Agriculture 27 1,953 Landscape and Recreation Zone 2 32 Transition zone 17 503

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 39 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

CATCHMENT CLASS TWO ZONE NUMBER RIVER LENGTH (KM)

Sewage Discharge Control Zone 16 265 Water Use Zone for Fishery 0 0 Subtotal 75 2,974 Total 168 16,696

SECOND SONGHUA RIVER

The watershed area of the Second Songhua River supports over 70% of forest coverage, including the Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve which is established since 1960. It is registered as a UN International Biosphere Reserve and is a tourism hot spot. River reaches in this area are under landscape and recreation protection zone class.

Three hydropower stations have been developed in cascade along the river (, Hongshi and Fengman) with long reservoirs and large storage capacities, and provide for flood control, electricity, fisheries and tourism activities. Furthermore, the Songhua Lake (Fengman Reservoir) is an important water source for drinking water supply to several millions inhabitants (particularly Changchun), industry and for agriculture along the Second Songhua River. As the Songhua Lake was threatened by pollution from agriculture and urban development, the Three Lakes Protected Area was implemented by the JiIin Province Government.

From Fengman site to Majia village, the river is partly diverted to Jilin and Changchun for water supply and receives the Sijingzi effluent discharge. Function Zoning in this part of the river is multiple, including water-diversion or abstraction and sewage discharge.

From Majia village down to the confluence with the Nen River, the area is the most developed and urbanized area in the Second Songhua basin. The Yinma River, which joins the Second Songhua River, and its branch, the Yitong River are important water sources for irrigation and water supply for Changchun City. Therefore, the river functions include water uses for industry, agriculture, landscape and fishery, drinking water, and effluent discharge dilution.

NEN RIVER

The upstream part of the Nen River which is located in Daxing'an and Xiaoxing'an ranges, is undeveloped. The main significant town, Nenjiang County, lies at the outlet of this river section. Limited water abstraction for industry, agriculture and domestic consumption as well as limited sewage discharge are observed within this river zone.

The middle reach of the Nen River, from Nenjiang County to Nierji town, is a transition area between the mountains and the Song-Nen Plain. Water resources use is insignificant except limited water use for agriculture and industry of Nierji.

Along the downstream part of the Nen River, from Nierji town to Sanchahekou (the confluence of Nen and Second Songhua to create the Main Songhua), water is diverted through the Three Water Diversion Channels to Daqing area, and is also used for industry, agriculture and domestic consumption. Qiqihar, the second biggest city of Heilongjiang Province is located in this river section. So the river function zoning of the downstream part includes agricultural water use, water diversion, industrial water use, landscape and recreation use and sewage discharge dilution.

MAIN SONGHUA RIVER

The upstream part of the Main Songhua River, which goes from Sanchahekou down to Harbin City, mainly functions agricultural water use with multiple functions related to drinking water, industrial water use, landscape and recreation and sewage discharge dilution.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 40 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING The middle reaches of the Main Songhua from Harbin to Jiamusi City has multiple function zoning including landscape and recreation, water use for industry, water use for agriculture and sewage discharge control (except Mulan County and JIamusi City). The Mudan River and the Tangwang River are major tributaries to this middle reach. The upstream part of the Mudan River has no significant towns except City, and the function zoning includes uses for agriculture, industry and drinking. The middle reach of the Mudan River with the cities of Ning'an and Mudan has a function zoning for industrial and domestic water uses and sewage discharge control. The hydroelectric Lianhua Reservoir is located on the downstream part of the Mudan River, and was declared Lanhua Lake Nature Protection Area. Water heads of the Tangwang River upstream the Shangganling Mountains, are located in the forested area of the Xiaoxing'an Mountain. From the Shangganling Mountains to the confluence of the Tangwang and the Main Songhua Rivers, the river reach has the function of industrial and agricultural water uses and sewage discharge dilution.

The downstream river section from Jiamusi City to Tongjiang confluence of the Main Songhua with Heilong River, upstream of , belongs to agricultural irrigation area and the Tongjiang confluence is included in the Heilongjiang Provincial Nature Reserve.

4.2. SETTING WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES FOR THE SONGHUA RIVER BASIN

This decision aims at stating the minimum water quality standards needed to ensure the water uses defined by river categories. They can be seen as Water Quality Objectives to be reached in order to enable the use of water as planned.

The review of the beneficial uses of surface water resources discussed above shows the following broad categories:

Reservoirs for domestic water supply are located in the headwaters of the SRB; protection of these reservoirs and their upstream associated headwaters/catchments should therefore be a major priority and requires that surface waters contributing to these reservoirs must meet relevant water quality objectives.

4.2.1. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS

According to the use and the protection objectives, surface water bodies are classified into five categories:

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 41 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 4-3: FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF WATER BODIES

Class I Mainly applicable to source water and national natural protection areas.

Class II Mainly applicable to first class protection areas for centralized domestic potable water sources, precious fisheries protection areas and fish and shrimp spawning grounds.

Class III Mainly applicable to second class protection areas for centralized domestic potable water sources, general fishing protection areas and swimming areas.

Class IV Mainly applicable to general industrial water uses and secondary contact recreational water areas.

Class V Mainly applicable to agricultural water use areas and water areas for general aesthetic enjoyment.

If one water body has multiple functions, the highest rank of the functions is the basis for classification. If there is a seasonal function, the classification can be on a seasonal basis.

Surface Water Quality in China is ranked according to a 5 Class System – from Class 1 (the best) to Class 5 (the worst) - these levels being defined by the standard values of several selected parameters, distributed into basic, additional and specific parameters. There are 109 parameters considered, of which 24 basic parameters applicable to any surface water body, 5 additional and 80 specific parameters applicable to water sources for drinking water supply.

Initially promulgated in 1983, the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water have been successively amended in 1988, 1999 and in 2002. The presently effective standards were published on 28th April 2002, and went into effect from 1st June 2002.

TABLE 4-4: QUALITY STANDARD FOR SURFACE WATER (UNIT: MG/L, EXCEPT PH) POLLUTANTS CLASS I CLASS II CLASS III CLASS IV CLASS V pH 6 to 9 6 to 9 6 to 9 6 to 9 6 to 9 DO > 7.5 6 5 3 2 (or 90% sat)

CODMn ≤ 2 4 6 10 15

CODCr ≤ 15 15 20 30 40

BOD5 ≤ 3 3 4 6 10

N-NH3 ≤ 0.015 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Total phosphorus (P) ≤ 0.02 (0.01)* 0.1 (0.025)* 0.2 (0.05)* 0.3 (0.1)* 0.4 (0.2)* Total Nitrogen (N) ≤ 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Copper (Cu) ≤ 0.01 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Zinc (Zn) ≤ 0.05 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 Fluoride (F) ≤ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 Selenium (Se) ≤ 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 Arsenic (As) ≤ 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 Mercury (Hg) ≤ 0.00005 0.00005 0.0001 0.001 0.001 Cadmium (Cd) ≤ 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.01 Chromium (Cr6+) ≤ 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 Total lead (Pb) ≤ 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.1 Total cyanide (CN-) ≤ 0.005 0.05 0.2 0.2 0.2 Volatile phenol ≤ 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.1 Oil ≤ 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5 1.0 Anionic detergent ≤ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Sulphide ≤ 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 Coli forms (number/L) ≤ 200 2000 10,000 20,000 40,000 *Value within bracket for lakes and reservoirs

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 42 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Compared with amended GHZB 1-1999, the actual standards GB 3838-2002 brings modification to both the parameters considered and the maximum allowable values they have according to each class: • Addition of Total Nitrogen to the basic parameter list; • Deletion of Nitrite-Nitrogen, Non-ion Ammonia and Kjeldahl Nitrogen from the basic parameter list; • Transfer of Sulfate, Chloride, Nitrate, Iron and Manganese from the basic parameter list to the additional parameter list; • 40 new parameters added to the specific parameter list; • Deletion of specific parameters for lakes and reservoirs.

Class standard values for 7 basic parameters (pH, DO, NH3-N, Total Phosphorus, CODMn, Lead and Fecal Coliform) have been modified in the new standard, as summarized below:

TABLE 4-5: PARAMETERS MODIFICATION COMPARISON BETWEEN 2002 AND 1999 STANDARDS CLASS LEVEL PARAMETERS STANDARDS I II III IV V 2002 6-9 pH value 1999 6.5-8.5 2002 90% or 7.5 6 5 3 2 DO 1999 90% 6 5 3 2 2002 0.15 0.5 1 1.5 2 NH3-N 1999 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 1.5 2002 0.02 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 River 1999 0.02 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 TP 2002 0.01 0.025 0.05 0.1 0.2 Lake & Reservoir 1999 0.002 0.01 0.025 0.06 0.12 2002 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.1 Lead 1999 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 2002 200 2000 10000 20000 40000 Coliform Group (No./l) 1999 200 1000 2000 5000 10000 2002 2 4 6 10 15 CODMn (Permanganate index) 1999 2 4 8 10 15 Total Nitrogen (for lakes & 2002 0.2 0.5 1 1.5 2 reservoirs) 1999 0.04 0.15 0.3 0.7 1.2 Values in mg/l except expressed otherwise

Regarding the changes related to parameter class values, in general the new standard maintains or strengthen the parameter values in the best classes (Class 1 and Class 2) while it makes the values less stringent for the lower classes (Class 3 to 5), which are the most frequently observed in the SRB. This is the case for NH3-N, Total P, Fecal Coliform. For example, a water body previously ranked Class 5 for NH3-N or Fecal Coliform is now ranked Class 3 with the new standard. Total N (newly transferred to the basic parameter list) is globally up-graded by about 1 class. Class III limit value of CODMn is strengthened from 8 to 6.

The most immediate consequence of this standard amendment relates to the risk of abusive comparison of river sections between years based on 1999 and 2002 standards,

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 43 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING which may result in the wrong interpretation of water quality improvement or degradation trends.

In 2002 standards, Sulfate, Chloride, Nitrate, Fe and Manganese are shifted to the supplementary parameters list (for surface water resource dedicated to drinking water supply) and their standard values are the same with that of Class II in GHZB 1-1999 standards.

GHZB 1-1999 standards include 40 parameters named as list of specific parameters of organic chemicals of waters of surface water Class I, II, III. The actual standards rename it as list of specific parameters of surface water sources for centralized drinking water supply and include 80 parameters together: former 35 parameters, plus additional 45 parameters. Five parameters such as BHC, Acrylonitrile, Dibutyl-phthalate, Pentachlorophenol, 1,1,2-Trichloroethane are deleted from the former list.

However, whatever the number of parameters considered, the classification of a water body relies only on the class of its worse parameter. Most of the time, if not always, the class of a section is defined by an organic parameter: BOD5 , CODMn or NH3-N.

The system works, but misses the difference between a section with only organic pollution and a section with several pollutants from different origins. Such a difference could be made using an integrated quality index computed from several parameters as a practice in most industrialized countries. Also, the system does not include toxic micro-pollutants which, as explained later in this report, have been recently identified as significant in the SRB and as a public-health threat through the pollution of drinking water sources.

Water quality class does not rely on an integrated index which may include weighting between parameters, as observed for example in European countries as France or in . The French system (SEQ-EAU) relies on a grid of 15 alteration types represented each by a set of parameters. Ranking of water quality class (5 classes) is made in accordance with the value of each alteration type. In addition, a biological quality index (SEQ-BIO) is also applied, distributing water quality into 5 biological classes, based on the density and diversity of the animal and vegetal populations. Biological index is more integrative of permanent water quality conditions prevailing in a specific reach of a river than water quality assessment based on chemical analysis, which reflects more an instantaneous situation observed. Biological index in the French system relies on fish index, invertebrate index and algae index. Eventually, the system provides for “usage aptitude” classification of a water body, by reference to minimum/maximum values of water quality applicable to specific usage of the water: drinking, industrial, irrigation, swimming/recreation, fisheries etc.

4.3. SETTING EMISSION LIMIT VALUES FOR DISCHARGES

There are two approaches for regulating effluent discharge quality in terms of Emission Limit Values (ELVs):

• Environmentally based limit values. These consider the required state of the receiving water body, the actual state of the water into which the discharge is to be made and the specific impacts of the discharge in question. The emission limit values are therefore a function of the ambient river quality and the downstream river quality objective. This is the approach that is adopted in the majority of cases in the UK and France. • Technology based limit values. These are determined according to what is deemed technically feasible. The emission limit values do not depend upon a case-by-case consideration of environmental requirements. Limit values are based on the best technical means for reducing discharges taking into account the economic availability of those means. This is the more common approach in dev eloped countires.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 44 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING There are advantages and disadvantages in both of these approaches. These are being recognised and, increasingly, both methods are used.

TABLE 4-6: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACHES.

Approach Advantages Disadvantages Environmentally - They reflect the requirements and - Determination of ELVs requires a case-by- based limit sensitivity of the environment, taking into case consideration of impact upon the values account public health and ecological factors. receiving water body. - They will not be stricter than necessary, so - Their use requires more experience and the financial burden of pollution control may understanding on the part of the competent be less. authority. - They allow a greater degree of correlation between discharge permits and environmental requirements. - They provide an indirect mean of regulating the growth of industry in environmentally sensitive areas. Technology - They are simpler to administer. - They do not guarantee that environmental based limit - Their determination is not sensitive to the objectives will be met, because there is no values availability of environmental data. correlation between environmental - They create a so-called “level playing field” requirements and emission limit values. 5. - They do not provide a basis for prioritisation of investments in a developing economy.

The technology-based approach has the potential to work effectively in countries whose economy is sufficiently strong to enable the majority of dischargers to afford the costs of installing and using Best Available Techniques (BAT). Germany and the United States of America are good examples of such countries. However, if a country’s economy cannot realistically support the installation of BAT by the majority of its industrial, agricultural, municipal and other sectors, then that country needs an approach that will enable it to prioritise its environmental investments during the period in which its economy develops. The environmentally based approach to setting emission limit values is more appropriate in such circumstances.

It should be noted that a country that establishes an environmentally based approach to setting emission limit values still has the option of introducing technology-based limits at a later stage of economic development.

4.3.1. EMISSION LIMIT VALUES APPROACH IN CHINA

The existing national wastewater discharge standards covering both domestic and industrial effluents are contained in the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard, GB 8987-1996. This sets the maximum admissible concentration (MAC) of effluent discharging to surface waters, marine waters and also industrial/large users discharging to municipal sewerage systems.

The standard contains three categories in relation to the water quality objective of the receiving water: • Category A standard applies to wastewater discharged into Class III (GB3838) surface water reaches and Class II (GB3097) marine areas; • Category B standard applies to wastewater discharged into Class IV and V (GB3838) surface water reaches and Class III (GB3097) marine areas.

5 They remove potential geographical disparities in the cost of pollution control, within particular industrial sectors. While this may be a desirable characteristic from the regional development point of view, it is not necessarily a desirable characteristic from the environmental point of view.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 45 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

• Category C standard applies to wastewater discharged into towns and cities which own biological treatment plants.

TABLE 4-7: EMISSION STANDARDS OF WASTEWATER (UNIT MG/L EXCEPT PH) POLLUTANT CATEGORY A CATEGORY B CATEGORY C pH 6 to 9 6 to 9 6 to 9 SS 70 200 400

CODCr 100 150 500 BOD5 20 30 300 Oil 5 10 20 P 0.1 0.3 0.3

N-NH3 15 25 - Volatile 0.5 0.5 2.0 hydroxybenzene Sulfide 0.5 0.5 1.0 Fluoride 10 10 20 Total Cu 0.5 1.0 2.0 Total Zn 2.0 5.0 5.0 Total Mn 2.0 2.0 5.0 Total CN 0.5 0.5 2.0

4.3.2. TOTAL LOAD CONTROL APPROACHES

The estimation of ELV for a proposed discharge or for an existing discharge that is undergoing review, is something that cannot always be divorced from other planning considerations within a catchment. While it is certainly true that some discharges can be assessed in isolation from other discharges, there will be occasions on which this is not possible. On these occasions the competent authority should consider undertaking a catchment review.

A catchment review is a planning process in which the competent authority reviews its surface water quality objectives and then determines the most cost-effective and fair way of achieving these objectives. This will take into account the interactions between the various discharges to the catchment and the significance of the proposed discharge in the context of this.

A catchment review is especially important in any of the following circumstances:

When it is generally agreed that the surface water quality objectives within a catchment need to be reviewed and possibly revised, to take account of significant changes in land use and river water use.

When some parts of the catchment are failing to comply with their surface water quality objectives and the failure can possibly be attributed to the combined impacts of more than one discharge, or where the reason for the failure is unclear.

When one or more discharges are failing to comply with their ELVs and these discharges are likely to influence the choice of ELVs for a proposed discharge.

When that baseline condition of a catchment is not known in sufficient detail to enable basic planning decisions to be made.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 46 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING When ELVs are being determined for a major piece of civil infrastructure (e.g. a large regional sewage treatment works) for which public funds will be used, or for a major industry that plays a dominant role in the local economy.

The assessment of ELVs for a discharge in the context of a catchment review cannot be separated from the process of catchment review itself. This process will usually involve the following steps:

Identify all the main features of the catchment. The aim here is not to compile an exhaustive list of the catchment’s characteristics, but rather to identify those aspects that are the most significant for the purposes of planning. This will include surface water quality objectives, the locations of the main tributaries, the main discharges and their locations in relation to each other and to the tributaries, the locations at which routine sampling is carried out, and so on.

Collate existing flow and quality data for rivers and effluents. As far as possible a catchment review should use existing data. It is statistics of flow and quality that are important. These cannot be estimated from short-term sampling programmes and there is, therefore, little benefit in undertaking sampling specifically to support a catchment review. If no routine sampling programmes are in place for the catchment, or if the data that are available cannot be relied upon, then an interim review should be conducted pending the accumulation of at least one complete year’s worth of data.

Construct an appropriate model of river quality in the catchment. This is discussed further below in Chapter 7.

Conduct a sensitivity analysis. The purpose of this is to decide how sensitive the catchment is to unit changes in ELVs at each of the significant discharges in the catchment. This will indicate which discharges could be possible targets for action in order to address any river quality issues within the catchment. (For example, if this analysis reveals that discharging distilled water from a particular treatment works makes no significant difference to the river quality, then this suggests that investment at that treatment works should be a low priority. On the other hand, if it can be shown that the concentration of investment at a particular treatment works would have major and far-reaching benefits in terms of river quality, then this should be a priority target for investment.) This will also show whether a proposed discharge is sufficiently significant (in terms of its impact on river quality) to justify a more stringent set of ELVs than would otherwise be considered necessary.

Design a river quality management scenario. This is an iterative process in which the competent authority designs a linked set of ELVs for the significant discharges in the catchment, designed to meet surface water quality objectives. This should be done in consultation with the various dischargers, to ensure that there is general agreement on the actions to be taken.

4.4. PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR SETTING WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES & EMISSION LIMITS

Establishment of a framework for river and effluent quality standards is of no value unless it is applied and used in a sensible way. However, before considering how authorities in the Songhua River Basin might apply such a framework, it is essential to understand and accept one fundamental principle of strategic planning: there is absolutely no point in producing strategies and action plans for river water quality unless the Government is prepared to make adequate budgetary provision in regard to the fulfilment of these strategies and action plans. Another way of looking at this is to say that if the State is prepared to allocate only a small

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 47 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING budget for river quality planning and management, then it is not realistic to set objectives that cannot be achieved within the limitations of that budget. Strategic planning is about reality and making things happen in reality. It is not about committing to something that has no expectation of being achieved.

This fundamental principle provides the key to the use of the recommendations of this report, because it defines the point from which basin level authorities must start.

In the short-term, communities in the SRB can afford to spend very little on improving the state of its aquatic environment. Therefore China should assign short-term surface water quality objectives that represent the quality obtaining in its rivers at present and implement a policy of maintaining river quality, with neither deterioration nor improvement (i.e. strict maintenance of the status quo) with respect to the present situation. Each river section should be assigned a short-term quality objective. This is an approach which has been successful in European countries, particularly in the UK and France.

In the meantime, the basin authorities should consider which of its river sections should be prioritised for improvement in the medium-term. Once this has been done, medium-term quality objectives should be assigned to each of these priority river sections.

For all applications to discharge that are received in the short-term future, ELVs should first of all be estimated on the basis of the short-term quality objective of “no deterioration or improvement”. If there exists a medium-term quality objective for the section of river into which the discharge is made, then the competent authority should ask the question, “What would be the incremental cost of treating the discharge in order to achieve the medium-term quality objective?” In other words, what is the difference in cost between achieving the short-term objective and achieving the medium-term objective? The difference in cost known as the “incremental cost”, because it is the increment that needed to add to the cost of achieving the short-term objective in order to achieve the long-term objective. The incremental cost should be calculated as follows:

incremental cost = NPVm - NPVs

in which NPVm and NPVs are the net present values of the investments needed to treat the discharge to the standards necessary to achieve, respectively, the medium-term and the short- term quality objectives . If, in the short-term, the Chinese economy is unable to bear this incremental cost, or if the discharger cannot reasonably be expected to bear this incremental cost, then emission limit values should be set and assigned on the basis of the short-term quality objective. At the same time, the competent authority should serve notice on the discharger that the emission limit values will be reviewed periodically with the intention of achieving the medium-term quality objective as soon as it becomes economically feasible to do so. However, in cases where it is realistically possible to finance the incremental cost of achieving the medium-term quality objective, the competent authority should set emission limit values on that basis.

In cases where a discharger cannot afford (or is unwilling to pay) the cost of achieving emission limit values set on the basis of the short-term objective, then the competent authority should address two issues: • If the quality objective is unachievable as a consequence of problems elsewhere in the catchment, then the discharger cannot reasonably be expected to bear the cost of rectifying this situation. The competent authority should put the application for discharge license on hold pending a full catchment review. • If the ELVs that the discharger is being asked to meet are both reasonable and economically feasible, then the refusal by the discharger to bear the costs should be construed by the competent authority as grounds for refusing to grant the application.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 48 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

5. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS , POLLUTION LOADS & BASIN WIDE TARGETS

5.1. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

China is undergoing a dual transition from a rural to an urban/industrial society and from a command to a market economy as part of its strategy to promote economic growth. Macroeconomic reforms in relation to State Owned Enterprises (SOEs), finance, decentralization, government and trade are having impacts on social trends including: • Changes in population growth and urbanization; • Rising income and income disparities; • Rising consumption of goods and services.

These social trends are having an increasing impact on water resources and water quality; the following paragraphs discuss how these external pressures are likely to have an impact on water use and pollution discharges in the Songhua River Basin.

In order to remain coherent with government water resources strategies, the projections used in this report are based primarily on those currently being developed by SWRC as part of the development of strategies for the 11th Five Year Planning Period and on information made available to the consultant concerning the North East Revitalization Strategy.

5.1.1. POPULATION & URBANISATION RATES

Overall population rates in the SRB as per other areas of China are only projected to grow at low rates over the period 2000 to 2030. In the draft planning developed by SWRC, an average rate of 0.35% per annum is taken into account, raising the population from approximately 55 million in 2000 to a little over 61 million inhabitants by 2030. These growth rates are in line with those observed in recent years as reported in Volume 2 of this report.

Again as per other areas of China, the urbanization rate is projected to rise dramatically, from a little under 50% for the whole of the SRB to almost 70% overall. This represents an increase of about 1.4% per annum, or a rural depopulation of 1.1%.

Table 5-1 compare the overall urbanization population growth rate for each sub-basin. The projections indicate a higher overall urbanization rate for the Second Songhua and the Main Stream sub-basins as compared to the Nen River Basin, rising to 70% in the former two cases and to 60% in the latter case.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 49 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 5-1: SONGHUA RIVER BASIN POPULATION AND URBANISATION RATE Population Total (*104) Urban (*104) Urbanisation rate (%) Area year 2000 2010 2020 2030 2000 2010 2020 2030 2000 2010 2020 2030 Nenjiang River 1629 1683 1741 1795 720 865 971 1082 44 52 56 60 2nd Songhua River 1425 1561 1628 1679 739 991 1104 1189 52 63 68 71 Main Songhua River 2459 2541 2591 2640 1271 1542 1711 1857 52 61 68 70 Total 5514 5785 5960 6115 2730 3398 3786 4127 50 59 64 67

FIGURE 5-1: PROJECTED URBAN POPULATION GROWTH, SRB 2000 TO 2030

Projected Urban Population Growth

4 500 4 000 3 500 3 000 Main Songhua 2 500 Second Songhua 2 000 1 500 Nen River 1 000

Population (10000) 500 0 2000 2010 2020 2030 Year

5.1.2. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE RIVER BASIN

5.1.2.1. OVERALL ECONOMIC GROWTH

Table 5-2 summarises GDP growth rates for the SRB and for sub river basins. On average GDP growth rates are at a little over 9% for the basin as a whole, with lower relative growth rates in the Nen Basin as compared to both the Second Songhua and the Main Songhua basin.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 50 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 5-2: SONGHUA RIVER BASIN GDP GROWTH RATE PROJECTIONS GDP(106 Yuan) GDP per capita (US$) Class II Class III Annual Basin Fixed Division Division 2000 2010 2020 Increasing Rate 2000 2010 2020 Base (％) Index* Total 458816 1168137 2672594 9.21 1006 2440 54115.38 Upstream Nierji 5473 11139 23125 7.47 574 1107 2207 3.84 From Nierji to Jiangqiao 24673 53091 109097 7.72 585 1193 2331 3.98 Downstream Jiangqiao 135635 315632 607893 7.79 1633 3725 6998 4.29

Nen River Subtotal 165780 379861 740115 7.77 1230 2727 5135 4.17 Upstream Fengman 18550 40777 85127 7.92 596 1274 2566 4.30 Downstream Fengman 105002 298875 739977 10.26 1210 3081 7243 5.99 Second

Songhua Subtotal 123552 339652 825104 9.96 1048 2633 6097 5.82 From Sanchahe to Harbin 72608 211549 570756 10.86 1051 2840 7126 6.78

SRB From Harbin to Tong River 46745 120494 285893 9.48 735 1944 4907 6.68 Mudan River 18555 42669 94427 8.48 787 1750 3845 4.88 From Tong River to the main 19092 44852 96442 8.44 705 1578 3247 4.61 stream in Jiamusi

Main Songhua Downstream of Jiamusi 12484 29058 59856 8.15 623 1382 27444.40 (Downstream of Sub-total 169484 448623 1107374 9.84 833 2133 51646.20 Sanchahe Confluence) HLJ 299490 745164 1693631 9.05 1133 2718 60625.35 JL 147237 401091 942105 9.72 887 2261 50915.74 LN 283 735 1756 9.55 732 1893 45536.22 IMAR 11805 21146 35101 5.60 468 755 11602.48 *Fixed base index: the ratio of value of 2020 in that of 2000. Exchange rate: 1US$＝8.27 RMB Yuan

5.1.2.2. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

No data has been made available to the consultant concerning projections in agricultural yield in the SRB. Nevertheless the draft planning of SWRC provides indications in the likely growth in irrigated areas which are of importance with respect to water resources.

Irrigated farmland and livestock areas (see Table 5-3 and Table 5-4) are set to grow markedly over the next twenty years in line with the intensification of agriculture and the goal to both increase agricultural yield and the livelihood of rural populations. There is an associated risk that both the unit use of fertilizer and pesticide in the basin per area will increase as well as the total use. As an example fertilizer use in Heilongjiang increased during the period xxx to yyy in line with agricultural intensification.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 51 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 5-3: SRB AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION AREA In which: Farmland Irrigated Farmland Area 4 Paddy Land Irrigation Class II Class III （10 Mu） 4 Basin （10 Mu） Rate (％) Division Division Accumulated Accumulated 2000 2010 2020 2000 2010 2020 2010 2020 Increase Increase Total 4374.60 5071.12 6043.10 1668.50 2373.19 2682.88 3128.04 754.85 19.81 27.77 Upstream 22.64 43.11 70.09 47.45 9.36 10.56 12.27 2.91 2.55 8.38 Nierji From Nierji to 651.78 790.64 991.71 339.93 251.41 306.71 385.71 134.30 17.82 28.10 Jiangqiao Downstream 1228.21 1469.66 1808.07 579.86 263.87 335.71 440.87 177.00 21.93 32.81 Nen River Jiangqiao Subtotal 1902.63 2303.41 2869.87 967.24 524.64 652.99 838.86 314.22 18.76 29.06 Upstream 199.67 214.35 236.64 36.97 180.91 192.54 210.22 29.31 20.83 24.70 Fengman Downstream 578.75 646.86 744.64 165.89 334.39 395.77 483.45 149.06 21.65 27.86 Fengman Second Songhua Subtotal 778.42 861.21 981.28 202.86 515.30 588.30 693.66 178.36 21.44 27.03 From Sanchahe to 499.96 553.23 626.37 126.40 244.36 266.40 297.06 52.70 22.45 28.23 Harbin SRB From Harbin 642.31 664.47 690.71 48.40 578.73 581.74 586.04 7.31 19.53 21.14 to Tong River Mudan River 93.77 112.15 131.32 37.55 70.51 74.18 79.43 8.92 9.84 13.86 From Tong River to the 179.30 233.68 309.89 130.59 171.81 207.46 258.38 86.57 18.88 32.87 main stream in Jiamusi

Sanchahe Confluence) Downstream 278.21 342.98 433.66 155.45 267.84 311.81 374.61 106.77 31.40 49.29 of Jiamusi Main Songhua (Downstream of Sub-total 1693.55 1906.51 2191.95 498.40 1333.25 1441.59 1595.52 262.27 20.40 26.55 HLJ 2398.66 2760.14 3252.69 854.03 1565.15 1707.75 1913.99 348.83 18.20 24.84 JL 1611.72 1808.40 2092.98 481.26 709.49 836.19 1016.36 306.87 24.33 31.60 LN 6.03 5.28 5.28 -0.75 6.01 5.26 5.26 -0.75 36.55 33.23 IMAR 358.19 497.30 692.15 333.96 92.54 133.68 192.44 99.90 15.86 34.14

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 52 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 5-4: IRRIGATION AREA OF FORESTRY, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND FISHERY SECTORS IN SRB Irrigation Area of Forestry, Animal In which: In which: Husbandry and Fishery Sectors Forestry Sector Grassland Class II Class III （104 Mu） （104 Mu） （104 Mu） Basin Division Division Accumulated Accumulated Accumulated 2000 2010 2020 2000 2020 2000 2020 Increase Increase Increase

Total 277.6 575.9 876.3 598.6 72.2 214.8 142.6 28.0 480.7 452.8 Upstream 2.2 8.8 17.7 15.5 1.1 2.6 1.5 0.0 13.9 13.9 Nierji From Nierji 43.6 62.9 90.0 46.4 27.7 27.8 0.0 1.0 47.4 46.3 to Jiangqiao Downstream 129.6 339.6 531.5 401.9 30.7 129.9 99.2 24.7 324.2 299.5 Nen River Jiangqiao Subtotal 175.5 411.3 639.2 463.7 59.6 160.3 100.7 25.7 385.5 359.8 Upstream 3.8 3.7 3.6 -0.2 0.8 0.7 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fengman Downstream 8.2 8.9 9.4 1.2 3.7 4.5 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.4 Fengman Second Songhua Subtotal 11.9 12.6 13.0 1.1 4.5 5.2 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.4 From Sanchahe to 24.9 38.4 55.3 30.4 0.1 6.3 6.2 0.1 24.3 24.3 Harbin From Harbin SRB to Tong 37.4 69.8 108.4 71.0 2.0 21.7 19.7 0.9 52.2 51.3 River Mudan 12.0 16.8 23.2 11.2 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.0 10.5 10.5 River From Tong River to the 6.1 11.2 16.5 10.4 0.3 5.8 5.6 1.2 6.0 4.8 main stream in Jiamusi Sanchahe Confluence) Downstream 9.9 15.8 20.7 10.8 5.8 14.8 9.0 0.1 1.8 1.7 Main Songhua (Downstream of of Jiamusi Sub-total 90.3 152.0 224.0 133.7 8.1 49.3 41.2 2.2 94.8 92.6 HLJ 247.3 378.8 547.7 300.3 66.6 115.7 49.1 14.1 265.4 251.3 JL 25.0 177.8 290.2 265.3 4.6 98.1 93.5 9.7 178.5 168.8 LN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 IMAR 5.4 19.2 38.3 33.0 0.9 1.0 0.1 4.2 36.8 32.6

5.1.2.3. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION

Projections of the increase in industrial production in the SRB are summarized in below.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 53 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 5-5: SRB INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION TRENDS Percentage in Industrial Increasing Value(106 Yuan) GDP(%) Class II Class III Basin Division Division Annual 2000 2010 2020 Increasing 2000 2010 2020 Rate (%) Total 214174 551387 1193400 8.97 46.68 47.20 44.65

Upstream Nierji 1035 2292 4393 7.50 18.91 20.58 19.00

From Nierji to Jiangqiao 7214 18839 40860 9.06 29.24 35.48 37.45

Downstream Jiangqiao 101101 235237 444092 7.68 74.54 74.53 73.05 Nen River Subtotal 109349 256368 489345 7.78 65.96 67.49 66.12

Upstream Fengman 5919 13231 24123 7.28 31.91 32.45 28.34

Downstream Fengman 41663 128462 325423 10.82 39.68 42.98 43.98 Second Songhua Subtotal 47582 141693 349546 10.48 38.51 41.72 42.36 From Sanchahe to 21499 64753 163174 10.67 29.61 30.61 28.59 Harbin

SRB From Harbin to Tong 15303 39948 91235 9.34 32.74 33.15 31.91 River Mudan River 7978 16689 32243 7.23 43.00 39.11 34.15 From Tong River to the 7214 17974 37910 8.65 37.79 40.07 39.31 main stream in Jiamusi Downstream of Jiamusi 5249 13960 29948 9.10 42.05 48.04 50.03

of Sanchahe Confluence) Sub-total 57243 153325 354509 9.55 33.77 34.18 32.01 Main Songhua (Downstream HLJ 158239 384985 798695 8.43 52.84 51.66 47.16

JL 53609 159856 383205 10.33 36.41 39.86 40.68

LN 131 359 930 10.30 46.21 48.79 52.97

IMAR 2196 6186 10571 8.18 18.60 29.26 30.11

5.2. WATER USE PROJECTIONS

SWRC is in the process of developing water resources plans for the 11th Five Year Planning Period. Draft results of the water demand projections developed as part of this planning have been made available to the consultant team for use in this study are summarized in the following paragraphs.

5.2.1. DOMESTIC WATER USE

Future domestic water consumption covering both urban and rural areas have been predicted on the basis of a unit consumption figure and projected population increases. Unit consumption figures have been projected to rise within the river basin; for urban residents these have been assumed to rise from an average 112 LCD in 2000 to almost 150 LCD in 2020.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 54 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 5-6: SONGHUA RIVER BASIN DOMESTIC UNIT CONSUMPTION VALUES (LCD = LITERS PER CAPITA PER DAY) Class III Urban（LCD） Rural（LCD） Basin Class II Division Division 2000 2010 2020 2000 2010 2020 Total 112 135 146 65 67 72 Upstream Nierji 74 117 124 67 63 70 From Nierji to Jiangqiao 93 140 146 56 63 70 Downstream Jiangqiao 133 135 145 54 65 71 Nen River Subtotal 115 136 144 56 64 71 Upstream Fengman 69 97 110 67 59 66 Downstream Fengman 111 150 167 70 68 74 Second Songhua Subtotal 101 139 156 69 65 71 From Sanchahe to Harbin 116 136 145 70 69 74 From Harbin to Tong River SRB 132 127 135 66 70 75 Mudan River 117 119 127 61 67 72 From Tong River to the main stream in Jiamusi 110 135 145 105 70 74

Main Songhua Downstream of Jiamusi 108 139 145 58 69 74 (Downstream of Sub-total

Sanchahe Confluence) 117 132 141 69 69 74 HLJ 126 139 147 66 69 74 JL 94 133 149 68 65 71 LN 62 37 28 62 92 166 IMAR 77 105 113 37 53 64

TABLE 5-7: SONGHUA RIVER BASIN DOMESTIC WATER CONSUMPTION PROJECTIONS Urban Domestic Water Rural Domestic Water Class II Class III Demand Demand Total Basin 4 3 4 3 4 3 Division Division （10 m ） （10 m ） （10 m ） 2000 2010 2020 2000 2010 2020 2000 2010 2020

Total 111913 169052 204751 65570 57469 56092 177482 226521 260843 Upstream Nierji 1497 2640 3100 1463 1367 1480 2960 4008 4580 From Nierji to Jiangqiao 8184 14772 17249 5489 5769 6195 13673 20541 23444 Downstream Jiangqiao 20520 25649 31071 11468 11994 11964 31987 37643 43035 Nen River Subtotal 30201 43061 51420 18420 19131 19639 48621 62192 71059 Upstream Fengman 4268 7271 9233 5069 3959 4073 9337 11231 13306 Downstream Fengman 22987 43967 55799 12222 9252 8696 35209 53219 64495 Second Songhua Subtotal 27255 51238 65033 17291 13212 12769 44546 64450 77801 From Sanchahe to Harbin 20218 30299 36763 9191 7274 7341 29409 37573 44104

SRB From Harbin to Tong River 11769 14621 16043 12557 11074 10357 24326 25695 26400 Mudan River 6821 7697 9165 2806 2870 2612 9627 10567 11777 From Tong River to the main stream in Jiamusi 9606 13212 15856 3423 1923 1595 13029 15136 17451

Main Songhua Downstream of Jiamusi

(Downstream of 6043 8923 10470 1882 1985 1780 7925 10908 12251 Sub-total Sanchahe Confluence) 54457 74752 88298 29859 25127 23685 84316 99879 111982 HLJ 75458 99738 116672 37175 33815 32106 112633 133553 148778 JL 32845 63473 80933 25930 19938 19348 58775 83411 100281 LN 17 23 28 90 99 116 107 122 144 IMAR 3593 5818 7117 2375 3617 4522 5968 9435 11639

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 55 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

5.2.2. INDUSTRIAL

Industrial water consumption projections have been projected on the basis of unit consumption rates per sector (see Table 5-8) expressed as a water use per industrial output and the projected increase in industrial output per sector . The resultant projections for industrial consumption in the SRB are indicated in Table 5-9.

It should be noted with respect to these industrial consumption unit rates that these are projected to reduce dramatically over the period from 330 m3/10

TABLE 5-8: SONGHUA RIVER BASIN INDUSTRIAL CONSUMPTION UNIT RATES Secondary Sector Building Sector Tertiary Sector Class II Class III Basin (m3/104 Yuan) (m3/104 Yuan) (m3/104 Yuan) Division Division 2000 2010 2020 2000 2010 2020 2000 2010 2020 Total 330 147 83 38 15 8 26 9 4 Upstream Nierji 499 165 84 41 22 14 18 6 4 From Nierji to Jiangqiao 1328 468 226 47 17 10 29 22 17 Downstream Jiangqiao 186 100 65 39 14 8 39 13 7 Nen River Subtotal 264 127 79 41 15 8 34 15 9 Upstream Fengman 228 117 70 20 8 2 42 13 7 Downstream Fengman 374 175 86 24 9 5 22 8 4 Second Songhua Subtotal 356 169 85 24 9 4 24 8 4 From Sanchahe to Harbin 261 101 59 26 28 14 21 6 3

SRB From Harbin to Tong River 200 114 70 31 15 9 14 5 2 Mudan River 719 303 169 103 29 17 34 9 4 From Tong River to the main stream in Jiamusi 1178 329 160 84 30 17 33 11 6

Main Songhua Downstream of Jiamusi

(Downstream of 368 156 92 70 24 14 39 16 11 Sub-total Sanchahe Confluence) 434 158 85 46 25 14 23 7 3 HLJ 325 138 81 47 21 12 25 8 4 JL 350 164 84 24 10 5 26 9 5 LN 76 29 12 0 0 0 IMAR 226 224 158 20 13 11 28 17 15

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 56 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 5-9: SONGHUA RIVER BASIN PROJECTED INDUSTRIAL WATER USE (PER YEAR) Architectural Industrial Sector Third Industries Total Class II Class III 4 3 Sector 4 3 4 3 Basin (10 m ) 4 3 (10 m ) (10 m ) Division Division (10 m ) 2000 2010 2020 2000 2010 2020 2000 2010 2020 2000 2010 2020 Total 706713 808802 985363 11622 9317 10466 38150 37170 49668 756485 855290 1045497 Upstream Nierji 5163 3791 3697 178 135 148 456 350 564 5797 4275 4409 From Nierji to Jiangqiao 95775 88147 92201 1259 696 756 2747 4335 6929 99781 93178 99887 Downstream Jiangqiao 188152 234633 290769 2272 1671 1821 7142 6013 7295 197566 242317 299885 Nen River Subtotal 289090 326571 386668 3710 2502 2725 10345 10698 14788 303144 339770 404180 Upstream Fengman 13500 15464 16891 342 367 353 2098 1642 2167 15940 17473 19411 Downstream Fengman 155705 224425 279316 1996 1948 2229 8816 9528 13416 166517 235901 294962 Second Songhua Subtotal 169205 239889 296207 2338 2315 2582 10914 11170 15583 182457 253374 314372 From Sanchahe to Harbin 56119 65157 95673 1279 2206 2543 7561 7073 9251 64959 74436 107467

SRB From Harbin to Tong River 30652 45632 64229 1053 700 785 2520 2664 3135 34225 48996 68148 Mudan River 57366 50598 54400 1027 448 543 2502 1872 2246 60895 52919 57188 From Tong River to the main 84975 59166 60542 1424 750 850 2821 2300 2797 89220 62216 64189 stream in Jiamusi

Main Songhua Downstream of Jiamusi 21584 23579 29951

(Downstream of 19307 21789 27645 791 396 438 1486 1393 1868 Sub-total 270883 262146 326944 Sanchahe Confluence) 248418 242342 302489 5574 4501 5159 16891 15303 19297 HLJ 514153 532231 645095 8677 6157 6943 23373 22345 29318 546202 560733 681356 JL 187500 262617 323504 2692 2890 3256 13603 13664 18577 203795 279172 345337 LN 100 103 109 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 103 109 IMAR 4961 13851 16654 252 271 266 1174 1161 1773 6387 15282 18694

5.2.3. AGRICULTURAL

As previously agricultural water use has been projected on the basis of unit consumption rates (either per hectare of irrigated area or in terms of number of livestock). As per industrial consumption these rates have been projected to decrease over the period as a result of water saving exercises. Nevertheless due to the large increase in both irrigated areas and livestock, overall consumption has been projected to increase by almost 50% over the 20 year period 2000 to 2020 as shown below in Table 5-10.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 57 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 5-10: SONGHUA RIVER BASIN PROJECTED AGRICULTURAL WATER USE (PER YEAR) Forestry, Animal Farmland Irrigation Husbandry Livestock Total Class II Class III 4 3 4 3 4 3 Basin (10 m ) and Fishery (10 m ) (10 m ) Division Division (104m3) 2000 2010 2020 2000 2010 2020 2000 2010 2020 2000 2010 2020 Total 2020675 2656084 2870718 126222 219619 274682 44149 75784 103077 2191046 2951487 3248477 Upstream 9133 14546 19469 669 1084 1070 569 1067 1482 10371 16696 22021 Nierji From Nierji 295933 392198 448532 10957 20236 24334 5234 9891 13770 312124 422325 486636 to Jiangqiao Downstream 368515 586743 683120 72530 121151 161251 11694 19702 27371 452739 727595 871742 Nen River Jiangqiao Subtotal 673580 993486 1151121 84156 142471 186655 17498 30659 42623 775233 1166617 1380399 Upstream 107831 135345 135157 1287 2198 2007 3025 3566 3670 112143 141110 140834 Fengman Downstream 297526 369858 409720 2841 3874 3616 7295 8531 9828 307662 382262 423163 Fengman Second Songhua Subtotal 405357 505203 544876 4128 6072 5623 10320 12097 13497 419805 523372 563997 From Sanchahe to 201540 276439 283169 11172 20307 23159 5313 9583 13259 218024 306329 319586 Harbin From Harbin

SRB to Tong 411769 437329 403866 15994 31403 37987 6884 14791 21305 434647 483524 463158 River Mudan 60980 64376 64317 5697 10034 10823 1772 3601 5126 68449 78012 80266 River From Tong River to the Confluence) main 114083 149615 171514 2367 4266 4850 1671 3579 5151 118120 157460 181514 stream in Jiamusi Downstream 153366 229636 251855 2710 5064 5585 692 1473 2117 156768 236174 259557 of Jiamusi

Main Songhua (Downstream of Sanchahe Sub-total 941738 1157395 1174721 37939 71076 82403 16332 33028 46957 996008 1261498 1304081 HLJ 1222094 1515821 1573146 87778 160173 188335 23749 51153 73706 1333621 1727147 1835188 JL 616965 898280 993427 37636 54710 78151 16170 19590 23017 670771 972580 1094595 LN 3623 3457 31430007584115 3698 3541 3258 IMAR 177992 238525 301002 809 4736 8195 4155 4958 6239 182956 248219 315436

5.2.4. OVERALL WATER RESOURCE UTILISATION

The average per capita consumption in Songhua river basin was 559 m3 in 2000, the unit GDP water use quantity was 688 m3 per ten-thousand-yuan, the overall domestic water use of towns (including environmental water use) was 172 liter per capita per day, the water use of general industry was 90 m3 per ten-thousand yuan, the water use in farm irrigation was 529 m3 per mu, and the rural domestic water use was 54 liter per capita per day. The principal problem with respect to water demand in the present situation and certainly also for the future are: • Water demand and water availability do not always match at all locations, and this problem is growing due to increasing water demand especially in and around cities. • Water use efficiency is not very high. • Water use management is low although improving.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 58 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

According to the water demand projections, the demand will increase quickly mainly due to the quick development of socio-economy and the demands by irrigation. The total water demands in Songhua River basin will be up to 45.500 billion m3 in 2020 which is a net increase of some 14.300 billion m3 compared to the current situation. The net increase of the domestic water demands is estimated at only 850 million m3, or some 6% of the total increase. The net increase of industry, construction and the tertiary industry sector is 2.900 billion m3, or 20%; while the remaining increase of 74% or 10.600 billion m3 is related to agricultural. This calls for a thorough analysis of the water demand for agriculture and the savings that can be achieved with changing of production methods and crops. At present it is expected that the water demand will continue to increase, both in absolute values and in percentages. According to water demands index per capita, the water demands per captia in Songhua River basin is 560 m3 in 2000, and the predicted water demand per captia for the whole basin is 700 m3 in 2010 and 760 m3 in 2020 respectively, which is an increase of almost 2% per year.

TABLE 5-11: SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER USE PROJECTIONS (PER YEAR) Domestic Sector Second and Third Agricultural Sector Total Class II Class III 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 Basin (10 m ) Industries (10 m ) (10 m ) (10 m ) Division Division 2000 2010 2020 2000 2010 2020 2000 2010 2020 2000 2010 2020 Total 1775 2265 2608 7565 8553 10455 21910 29515 32485 31250 40333 45548 Upstream Nierji 30 40 46 58 43 44 104 167 220 191 250 310 From Nierji to 137 205 234 998 932 999 3121 4223 4866 4256 5360 6100 Jiangqiao Downstream 320 376 430 1976 2423 2999 4527 7276 8717 6823 10076 12147

Nen River Jiangqiao Subtotal 486 622 711 3031 3398 4042 7752 11666 13804 11270 15686 18556 Upstream 93 112 133 159 175 194 1121 1411 1408 1374 1698 1736 Fengman Downstream 352 532 645 1665 2359 2950 3077 3823 4232 5094 6714 7826 Fengman Second Songhua Subtotal 445 644 778 1825 2534 3144 4198 5234 5640 6468 8412 9562 From Sanchahe to 294 376 441 650 744 1075 2180 3063 3196 3124 4183 4712 Harbin From Harbin to SRB 243 257 264 342 490 681 4346 4835 4632 4932 5582 5577 Tong River Mudan River 96 106 118 609 529 572 684 780 803 1390 1415 1492 From Tong River to the main 130 151 175 892 622 642 1181 1575 1815 2204 2348 2632 stream in Jiamusi Sanchahe Confluence) Downstream of 79 109 123 216 236 300 1568 2362 2596 1863 2707 3018

Main Songhua (Downstream of Jiamusi Sub-total 843 999 1120 2709 2621 3269 9960 12615 13041 13512 16235 17430 HLJ 1126 1336 1488 5462 5607 6814 13336 17271 18352 19925 24214 26653 JL 588 834 1003 2038 2792 3453 6708 9726 10946 9333 13352 15402 LN 1 1 1 1 1 1 37 35 33 39 38 35 IMAR 60 94 116 64 153 187 1830 2482 3154 1953 2729 3458

The following figure provides a comparison of both past and projected water use figures per sector (domestic, industry agriculture) and total values with estimates of total water resources in the SRB. The estimates of total water resources are expressed in terms of three statistics: • Total availability with a return period of 1 in 2 years; • Total availability with a return period of 1 in 4 years;

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 59 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

• Total availability with a return period of 1 in 20 years.

A number of remarks can be made with respect to these projections:

For both domestic and agricultural water use the projections do not appear wholly consistent with past trends. In the former case past trends indicate a steady increase in domestic water use; the projections show an initial decrease followed by an increase.

In the case of agricultural consumption, the reverse trends seem to be happening in which the period upto 2000 shows a decreasing rate of increase with thereafter an accelerating consumption.

Clearly there are certain inconsistencies in these draft projections; however of more importance is perhaps the overall trend in which total water consumption is approaching the total available water resources for the 1 in 20 year return period. Given that the hydrological records indicate that perhaps droughts are becoming more frequent, it can be concluded that there is a significant risk of water shortages in the future should water consumption continue to increase as projected in these calculations.

Of interest from a pollution viewpoint is the comparison between total industrial and domestic water consumption and low flows during the winter period. In total for the year 2000 total industrial and domestic (urban) water use approaches 280 m3/s. This value is close to the 1 in 10 year low flow recorded at Jiamisu near the outlet of the SRB. It can be appreciated in this context just how little dilution there exists in the SRB and the importance of recycling, reuse and reduction initiatives.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 60 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 5-2: COMPARISON OF WATER USE WITH AVAILABLE WATER RESOURCES

1000

900

800

700

Domestic 600 Industry Agriculture 500 Total 1 in 2 year

10^8 m3/year 10^8 1 in 4 year 400 1 in 20 year

300

200

100

0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Year

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 61 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

5.3. DEVELOPMENT OF A WASTE LOAD MODEL

Preparation of an overview of the sources and extent of pollutants entering the Songhua surface water system is crucial to identify problems and to formulate proper solutions in terms of water quality management. In this way, the most important pollution sources and polluting sectors will be identified. An important aspect of water quality management is to identify the pollutant sources in the different Songhua sub-basins that should be handled with priority by implementation of measures.

Both the gross and net pollutant loads will be described and estimated. The gross load represents the total amount of waste load per substance that is produced by various economic activities and by nature. The net pollutant loads represent the waste loads that enter the major water courses. This overall pollutant load inventory forms the basis to detect problem areas and to formulate mitigating measures and management strategies required to comply with the requirements for a sustainable environment.

Knowledge about the pathways by which pollutants are transported through the area from source to their destination (e.g. reservoirs, groundwater) forms another important information source to define mitigating measures especially with respect to the preservation of the drinking water resources.

A considerable amount of information that is require to set-up and implement the Waste Load Model application is available from the Statistical Yearbooks, various Agencies, and from the SEPA and MRW plans and related Feasibility Reports for the different proposed projects. This information has been extended by numerous and extensive discussions with organizations and experts in the field. Based on this available information, the Waste Load Model application for the Songhua basin has been set-up and implemented. Distinction has been made into the following waste producing categories:

• Domestic urban sources, including both inhabitants and small industries (TVEs), which generally discharge directly to the sewer system (Big cities, Regional level cities, County level cities, and the county level itself); • Industrial activities; • Agriculture (livestock, fertilizer use, etc).

The approach taken considers pollution control interventions at the river basin level. The SWRC has divided the Songhua River Basin into a series of Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3 catchments as illustrated in . For the purposes of this study, it was considered sufficient to consider pollution control measures at the level of the Class 3 catchment of which there are 38 within the SRB.

At the level of the Class 3 catchment, there are in general a number of administrative units. In some cases admininstrative units may be subdivided between 2 or more Class 3 catchments. Pollution control measures are therefore summarised at the level of each administrative unit situated within each Class 3 catchment.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 62 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 5-3: DECOMPOSITION OF THE SRB INTO SUB RIVER BASINS

WWTP

WWTP

WWTP WWTP

WWTP

WWTP

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 63 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 5-12: SRB SUB-CATCHMENTS

CLASS 1 CLASS 2 2 CLASS 3 CATCHMENT AREA (KM ) CATCHMENT CATCHMENT

Anzhaoxin River 9 923

From Baishatan to Sancha River 7 707

Huolin River 37 403 Downstream of Jiang Bridge From Jiang Bridge to Baishatan 3 516 Taoer River 42 240

Wuyuer River and Shuangyang River 24 763

Zhaolanxin River 5 217

Gan River 19 540

Upstream of Nierji Upstream of Guguhe Reservoir 25 156 Nen River From Guguhe Reservoir to Nierji Reservoir 21 364

Alun River 5 906

Zhuoer River 17 987

Nemoer River 13 918

From Nierji to Jiang From Nierji to Taha 4 387 Bridge Nuomin River 25 792

From Taha to Jiang Bridge 4 392

Yalu River 19 869

Yin River 3 495

Upstream of Upstream of Fengman 27 554 Fengman 14 763

From Fengman Reservoir to Hadashan Reservoir 12 291 Second Songhua Downstream of From Hadashan Reservoir to Sancha River 788 Fengman Yitong River 10 157

Yinma River 8 078

Ashi River 3 549

From Harbin to Tong From Harbin to Tong River 14 099 River 31 207

Mayi River 10 757

Downstream of Downstream of Jiamusi 11 921 Jiamusi Wutong River 4 639

Main Songhua Upstream of Lotus Reservoir 29 922 (Downstream of Mudan River Sanchahe) Downstream of Lotus Reservoir 7 583

From Sancha River Lalin River 20 102 to Harbin From Sancha River to Harbin 10 207

Tangwang River 20 511

From Tong River to From Tong River to Yilan 4 154 the main stream in Jiamusi 11 001 From Yilan to Jiamusi 5 415

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 64 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

5.3.1. DOMESTIC WASTE WATER DISCHARGES

The domestic waste loads have been calculated based on the present and projected number of inhabitants. Calculations have been based on detailed information: domestic sources have been sub-divided into Big cities, Regional level cities, County level cities, and the people living in the county. Domestic waste water discharges have been based on the number of inhabitants connected to a sewer, and takes into account whether the sewer is connected to a WWTP or directly discharging to the surface water system without additional treatment. The type of treatment process at the WWTP is taken into account. The increase of the water consumption by citizens for the period 2000-2030 has been incorporated in the calculations.

5.3.2. INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER DISCHARGES

The water consumption by industry has generally been based on the industrial output: the production value, which is expressed as m3 per 10,000 Yuan GVIO. For the same reason, also the waste water discharge and waste load is based on this parameter. Waste water discharges for the present and future situation in Songhua basin have been based on the industrial production values and taking into account whether a treatment facility has been used before discharging to the surface water system.

The waste load model essentially considers two types of industry: • Large/Potentially highly polluting industries • Small industries/Non Polluting industries

In the latter case the production of pollution by these industries has been assimilated within the overall values for domestic pollution.

In the former two types of industry have been generally considered: • High water consumption industries • Low water consumption industries

The definition of each type of industry within these two classes is summarized below

TABLE 5-13: INDUSTRY TYPE BY WATER CONSUMPTION CLASS

High water consumption industry Low water consumption industry

Electricity generation by thermal power Mining

Steel industry Food industry (Sugar, Milk, Oil);

Petroleum and petrochemical industry Glass industry;

Textile industry Pharmacy industry Paper manufacture Cement industry

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 65 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Beer industry Lumber Processing Alcohol plants Mechanical industry Coking plant Shoes making Architectural material plant

5.3.2.1. WATER USE REDUCTION & RECYCLING

Most strategic plans assume reductions in in industrial water use through recycling and improved industrial processes. For the period 2000 to 2030, a series of target values/annual reductions has been developed by the local consultants in the project team based upon commonly quoted targets. These values are summarized below

TABLE 5-14: INDUSTRY TYPE BY WATER CONSUMPTION CLASS

Period 2001-2010 2011-2020 2021-2030 Low Water High Water Low Water High Water Low Water High Water City Type Consumptio Consumptio Consumptio Consumptio Consumptio Consumptio n Industry n Industry n Industry n Industry n Industry n Industry Metropolis -5% -6.00% -7% -8.00% -5% -6.00% Big City -3% -4.00% -6% -7.00% -5% -6.00% Small city -2% -3.00% -4% -5.00% -4% -5.00% County -2% -2.00% -3% -3.00% -3% -4.00%

Past trends of industrial wastewater consumption for the SRB have been examined to determine the unit rate of water consumption per industrial output (expressed as m3/10000 RMB GVIO).

As initially presented the results seemed to indicate marked decreases in water consumption; however, by placing the GVIO at a common base (the Year 2000), the results indicate very little if any change in industrial water consumption practices over the period. The results indicate in particular very little change over the period 1990 to 2000.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 66 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 5-15: INDUSTRIAL WATER CONSUMPTION TRENDS SRB 1980-2000 Water Water consumption Total industrial Industrial water consumption per production production value consumption adjusted for Year value Catchment Year 2000 100 m3 per m3 per in 10000 % % million % change 10000 % change 10000 Yuan change 3 change m Yuan Yuan 1980 1,295,357 10.03 774 121 1985 2,153,503 10.7% 14.35 7.4% 666 -3.0% 174 7.6% Nen River 1990 4,752,771 17.2% 19.50 6.3% 410 -9.2% 156 -2.1% 1995 10,828,508 17.9% 26.06 6.0% 241 -10.1% 162 0.7% 2000 18,904,847 11.8% 28.93 2.1% 153 -8.7% 153 -1.1% 1980 874,418 11.34 1297 202 1985 1,624,235 13.2% 12.19 1.5% 751 -10.4% 196 -0.6% Second Songhua 1990 3,499,217 16.6% 14.32 3.3% 409 -11.4% 156 -4.5% River 1995 10,358,704 24.2% 16.39 2.7% 158 -17.3% 106 -7.4% 2000 16,568,392 9.8% 16.92 0.6% 102 -8.4% 102 -0.8% 1980 1,129,998 10.26 908 141 1985 1,841,234 10.3% 13.79 6.1% 749 -3.8% 196 6.7% Main Songhua 1990 4,042,223 17.0% 18.51 6.1% 458 -9.4% 175 -2.2% River 1995 9,372,538 18.3% 19.87 1.4% 212 -14.3% 142 -4.0% 2000 16,673,590 12.2% 24.77 4.5% 149 -6.9% 149 0.8%

Two main reasons can be advocated for little change in the wastewater discharge situation with regard to industries. First, there is little financial incentive for industries to change; large water users commonly obtain water supplies from their own surface or ground water sources paying minimal abstraction fees. Secondly, until relatively recently, pollution control was based upon concentration limits rather than total load control; industries therefore had a tendancy to use more water to dilute their wastewater discharges to remain within these limits.

To bring about the changes suggested above will require policy changes and thereafter changes in industrial practices. This would involve introducing higher levels of abstraction fees to encourage water conservation and implementing total load control policies with regard to industries. These aspects are explored further in Chapter 7 of this report.

5.3.2.2. POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS & INTENSITIES

Analysis of pollutant concentrations and pollution intensities (defined as pollution load per industrial output) has been undertaken based on information made available for xxx industries in the SRB for the year 2000.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 67 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 5-16: AVERAGE WASTEWATER DISCHARGE CONCENTRATIONS FOR INDUSTRIES IN THE SRB (YEAR 2000)

Industry Class COD (mg/l) NH4-N TN (mg/l) TP (mg/l) (mg/l) low water consumption industry 108.6 6.1 8.2 5.3

SS basin high water consumption industry 50.2 4.4 6.2 1.5

low water consumption industry 148.8 4.3 9.2 0.3

Nen basin high water consumption industry 68.6 9.2 14.0 0.7

low water consumption industry 201.0 12.6 21.7 0.6 Main Songhua basin high water consumption industry 126.9 6.2 7.6 0.2

In the majority of cases, the industries included in this subset discharge directly to surface waters (with/without treatment). The above values can be compared with the standards applied to all wastewater discharges both municipal and industrial discharging to surface waters, marine waters and also industrial/large users discharging to municipal sewerage systems. • Class I standard applies to wastewater discharged into Class III (GB3838) surface water reaches and Class II (GB3097) marine areas; • Class II standard applies to wastewater discharged into Class IV and V (GB3838) surface water reaches and Class III (GB3097) marine areas. • Class III standard applies to wastewater discharged into towns and cities which own biological treatment plants.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 68 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 5-17: EMISSION STANDARDS OF WASTEWATER (UNIT MG/L EXCEPT PH) POLLUTANT CLASS I CLASS II CLASS III pH 6 to 9 6 to 9 6 to 9 SS 70 200 400

CODCr 100 150 500 BOD5 20 30 300 Oil 5 10 20 P 0.1 0.3 0.3

N-NH3 15 25 - Volatile 0.5 0.5 2.0 hydroxybenzene Sulfide 0.5 0.5 1.0 Fluoride 10 10 20 Total Cu 0.5 1.0 2.0 Total Zn 2.0 5.0 5.0 Total Mn 2.0 2.0 5.0 Total CN 0.5 0.5 2.0

It can be seen that on average industries are exceeding the Class I emission standard for both COD and P, whereas they are generally within the limit for ammonia.

As indicated above comparison of concentration values can be misleading as it has been common practice to dilute wastewater in an attempt to remain within concentration based standards.

Analysis of the mass loads expressed in terms of unit output value (GVIO) has been undertaken for a subset of industries in the SRB for the Year 2000. Results for different classes of industry are illustrated in the following table.

TABLE 5-18: POLLUTION INTENSITIES PER CLASS OF INDUSTRY IN THE SRB WW Pollution Intensity（kg/10000 IPV） (m3/10000 IPV) COD NH4 TN TP Max 1917.81 500.16 25.34 37.98 0.49 Coal Mining and 1 Min 54.82 0.65 0.01 0.15 0.00 采掘 Processing Average 1164.03 288.12 10.56 19.56 0.33

lack of 2 Civil Constructing 城建 data lack of 3 Electric Plating 电镀 data

Max 10288.47 153.52 0.19 2.07 0.60 4 Electrical Generating by Min 23.74 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.00

电力（火力发电） Thermal Power Average 3162.98 19.40 0.78 1.43 0.11

Max 470.93 31.99 3.64 4.94 2.16 Electric Equipment 5 Min 470.93 31.99 3.64 4.94 2.16 电子 and Machinery Average 470.93 31.99 3.64 4.94 2.16

Textile Industry Max 131.08 156.13 5.50 6.91 0.91 6 纺织

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 69 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

WW Pollution Intensity（kg/10000 IPV） (m3/10000 IPV) COD NH4 TN TP Min 37.43 5.00 0.33 0.50 0.01 Average 118.60 32.37 1.05 1.51 0.08

Max 32.55 7.95 0.04 0.27 0.10 Steel and Iron 7 Min 32.55 7.95 0.04 0.27 0.10 钢铁 Works Average 32.55 7.95 0.04 0.27 0.10

Transportation Max 681.39 71.57 9.24 5.70 4.54 8 公交 Equipment Min 681.39 71.57 9.24 5.70 4.54 Manufacture Average 681.39 71.57 9.24 5.70 4.54

Max 369.97 31.31 3.06 3.84 3.12 Thermal Power 9 Min 369.97 31.31 3.06 3.84 3.12 供热 Supply Average 369.97 31.31 3.06 3.84 3.12

Max 3832.50 679.13 95.79 147.67 10.93 Petroleum and 10 Min 1.16 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 化工 Chemical Products Average 122.46 13.49 1.95 2.33 0.51

Max 371.66 19.20 1.55 0.06 0.04 Mechanical 11 Min 21.15 0.79 0.04 0.02 0.04 机械 Processing Average 8.57 0.93 0.05 0.05 0.04

Max 75.00 25.27 1.44 0.43 0.01 12 粮食加工 Grain Processing Min 0.99 0.21 0.01 0.01 0.01 Average 1.49 0.48 0.02 0.02 0.01

Max 531.13 49.35 5.72 8.71 0.32 Construction 13 Min 2.29 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.00 建材 Material Processing Average 87.12 13.49 0.95 1.43 0.13

Max 7.00 0.74 0.11 0.13 0.11 14 卷烟 Tobacco Processing Min 7.00 0.74 0.11 0.13 0.11 Average 7.00 0.74 0.11 0.13 0.11

Max 10607.14 813.21 21.43 32.14 0.11 Apparatus 15 Min 39.75 9.22 0.57 0.89 0.00 制造 Manufacturing Average 368.20 35.17 5.46 8.57 0.67

lack of 16 Coking Plant 炼焦 data

17 林业 Forest Management Max 68.06 4.47 0.31 0.44 0.05 Min 68.06 4.47 0.31 0.44 0.05

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 70 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

WW Pollution Intensity（kg/10000 IPV） (m3/10000 IPV) COD NH4 TN TP Average 68.06 4.47 0.31 0.44 0.05

Max 32.82 3.28 0.22 0.20 0.10 18 轮胎 Tyre Manufacturing Min 32.82 3.28 0.22 0.20 0.10 Average 32.82 3.28 0.22 0.20 0.10

Max 171.42 14.42 1.42 1.78 1.45 Coal Gas 19 Min 171.42 14.42 1.42 1.78 1.45 煤气 Processing Average 171.42 14.42 1.42 1.78 1.45

lack of 20 Timber Processing 木材 data lack of 21 Leather Processing 皮革 data

Max 430.48 596.42 11.63 17.88 1.00 Bear (Alcohol) 22 Min 1.67 0.58 0.08 0.43 0.02 啤酒（白酒） Manufacture Average 211.65 138.64 6.29 9.68 0.20

Max 27.21 4.12 0.00 0.00 0.38 Dyestuff 23 Min 27.21 4.12 0.00 0.00 0.38 染料 Manufacture Average 27.21 4.12 0.00 0.00 0.38

Max 21049.20 3082.65 117.27 179.81 7.36 24 食品 Food Manufacture Min 6.00 1.10 0.25 0.30 0.00 Average 115.84 33.35 1.64 2.80 0.23

Tap Water lack of 25 水厂 Production data

Max 19.51 1.88 0.06 0.11 0.01 26 水泥 Cement Production Min 19.51 1.88 0.06 0.11 0.01 Average 19.51 1.88 0.06 0.11 0.01

Max 7313.97 1242.43 46.74 71.54 1.64 27 橡胶 Rubber Production Min 413.97 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average 2700.04 411.70 15.48 23.70 0.54

Max 84.41 9.51 0.68 0.84 0.30 28 鞋业 Shoes Manufacture Min 84.41 9.51 0.68 0.84 0.30 Average 84.41 9.51 0.68 0.84 0.30

Max 108.60 9.41 0.90 1.27 0.81 Electronic and 29 Min 108.60 9.41 0.90 1.27 0.81 信息 Telecommunications Average 108.60 9.41 0.90 1.27 0.81

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 71 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

WW Pollution Intensity（kg/10000 IPV） (m3/10000 IPV) COD NH4 TN TP

Max 126.54 12.87 0.92 1.41 0.02 30 冶金 metallurgy Min 3.61 0.10 0.02 0.02 0.00 Average 72.30 3.97 0.74 1.10 0.01

Max 504.62 21.90 3.44 3.44 1.04 31 医疗 Hospital Min 22.83 7.85 0.39 0.46 0.00 Average 45.35 9.70 1.02 0.99 0.24

Medicine and Max 548.13 198.03 6.97 10.54 0.42 32 医药 Pharmaceutical Min 3.64 1.65 0.01 0.02 0.00 Production Average 120.51 76.09 5.77 9.92 0.14

Max 779.97 245.12 4.02 11.64 1.31 Beverage 33 Min 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 饮料 Production Average 149.18 52.22 1.69 2.77 0.27

Max 162.73 71.20 1.70 2.66 0.17 34 印刷 Printing Min 21.88 2.95 0.32 0.41 0.03 Average 56.97 11.88 0.41 0.60 0.10

Max 8.79 1.50 0.07 0.07 0.08 35 油脂 Oil and Grease Min 8.79 1.50 0.07 0.07 0.08 Average 8.79 1.50 0.07 0.07 0.08

Max 5.00 0.89 0.05 0.08 0.00 Petroleum and Gas 36 Min 5.00 0.89 0.05 0.08 0.00 原油开采 Extration Average 5.00 0.89 0.05 0.08 0.00

Max 30705.32 7890.64 50.01 72.69 1.72 37 造纸 Paper Manufacture Min 37.07 2.72 0.11 1.29 0.03 Average 2196.01 855.54 21.12 31.22 0.76

Max 78.02 8.24 0.25 0.29 0.25 38 其他 Others Min 78.02 8.24 0.25 0.29 0.25 Average 78.02 8.24 0.25 0.29 0.25

The following figure represents how industries in China have began to reduce pollution loads in China due to modernizing of manufacturing processes and internal reuse of wastewater. Of importance to this project are the future targets for pollution intensities, expressed in this instance as COD kg/10000 Yuan production.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 72 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 5-4: COD INTENSITIES FOR INDUSTRIES

The values in the above figure are understood to refer to GVIO values relative to 1990. For the purposes of this study the target values for 2000, 2010 and 2020 have been expressed relative to the Year 2000. This analysis provides the following target values as summarized below

TABLE 5-19: TARGET COD INTENSITIES (COD KG/ 10000 RMB YUAN OUTPUT YEAR 2000 BASE)

2000 2010 2020

Total Industrial Production 8 4 2

« Large » Industrial Production 4 2 0.8

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 73 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

5.4. COMPARISON OF OPTIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION LOADS

5.4.1. COMPARISON OF “BUSINESS AS USUAL” WITH “DEMAND MANAGEMENT” SCENARIOS

The model predicts loading rates from the Base Year (2000) through to 2030. Two broad scenarios have been considered: • “Business as Usual” – in which observed existing trends in water use and pollution discharge are used to project future conditions; • “Reduction, Recycling, Reuse” – in which policy reforms encouraging reduction, recycling and reuse are implemented together with other policy reforms such as cost recovery, etc.

In particular for point sources, the use of this approach has demonstrated that the implementation of the existing proposed projects will not lead to a marked reduction in pollution load and therefore improvements in water quality over the SRB. In fact pollution loads are likely to increase significantly in the former scenario.

FIGURE 5-5: COMPARISON OF BUSINESS AS USUAL AND REDUCTION & RECYCLING SCENARIO FOR INDUSTRIAL COD DISCHARGES

1. 40E+06

1. 20E+06 Mai n Songhua Ri v e r COD

1. 00E+06 Ne n Ri v e r COD

8. 00E+05

SS River COD

6. 00E+05 D D Di schar ge ( kg/ d)

CO Busi ness as usual 4. 00E+05

Reduct i on and 2. 00E+05 Recycl i ng

0. 00E+00 2000 2005 2010 2020 2030 Year

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 74 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

5.4.2. IMPACT OF THE WASTEWATER PROJECTS

Based on the projected number of inhabitants and the projected industrial activities (production value) until 2030, the Waste Load Model has calculated the produced amount of waste water 3 (m /day) and waste load (ton/day). The results for CODMn have been included in Table 5-20 although also results for other substances such as BOD5, ammonium and total phosphorus have been calculated. From the results it can be observed that the amount of waste water from domestic sources is growing much more rapidly than the waste water discharges from industrial activities. The numbers presented apply to the waste water quality and quantity without the effect of treatment plants. Also notice that the quality of the domestic influent of WWTPs will decrease, as the increase of the discharges is higher than the increase of the waste load itself. This is mainly due to the increased domestic water use. For industrial activities the quality remains almost equal over the period. Although the volume of domestic effluent is some 50% higher than the industrial waste water production in 2005, the ratio for the waste load production is even worse. Roughly, the volume of waste water will almost be doubled in 2010, while after 2010 the increase is less significant.

TABLE 5-20: DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER DISCHARGE AND COD LOADS* 2005 2010 2020 2030 Waste COD Waste COD Waste COD Waste COD water load water load water load water load 104 m3/d ton/d 104 m3/d ton/d 104 m3/d ton/d 104 m3/d ton/d Domestic 326 1,236 637 2,281 962 3,111 1192 3,493 Industrial 211 264 268 335 288 368 320 417 Total 537 1500 905 2616 1250 3479 1512 3910 * excluding the effect of WWTPs

Such an enormous increase in domestic waste water can only be coped by installing additional treatment capacity as soon as possible. Presently (2005), the treatment capacity is some 1,560,000 m3/d which is equivalent to some 11 million inhabitants (see Table 5-21). If all proposed project would be constructed, an additional treatment capacity of 5,870,000 m3/day or 41 million inhabitants would become available in 2020 and later. The population in the Songhua river basin increases from 55 million in 2000 until 61 million people in 2030. However, not all projects for the construction of WWTPs will probably be awarded, so the real increase in installed treatment capacity will be less.

TABLE 5-21: INSTALLED TREATMENT CAPACITY* 2005 2010 2020 2030 Waste COD Waste COD Waste COD Waste COD water load Water load water load water load 104 m3/d ton/d 104 m3/d ton/d 104 m3/d ton/d 104 m3/d ton/d Exisiting WWTP 155 277 156 277 156 277 156 277 Under construction 85 68 85 68 85 68 85 68 All proposed WWTPs - - 550 773 587 913 587 934 Total treatment capacity 240 345 791 1118 828 1258 828 1279 * the treatment capacity expressed as COD-load is calculated with WLM calculations.

The ultimately resulting waste load to the surface water system after passing any applicable waste water treatment plant can also be expressed as a potential increase of the concentration in surface water. The potential increase has only been calculated for CODMn and related to the 75% minimum flow in the river. This is because the ‘Carrying capacity’ is also related to this discharge.

From the results presented in Table 5-21 it is obvious that the installed treatment capacity will not be sufficient to improve the water quality situation in general, even if all proposed treatment plants (long list) will be built. The projected population increase, through growth and migration, is ss large that the additionally installed treatment capacity is not sufficient to cope with the increase in population and load.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 75 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 5-22: POTENTIAL INCREASE OF COD CONCENTRATION DUE TO WASTE WATER DISCHARGES* COD increase (mg/l) 2005 2010 2020 2030 Without proposed projects 29.7 57.3 79.5 91.0 Including all proposed Projects 29.7 38.5 57.1 67.7 * Based on 75% monthly low flow conditions

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 76 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

6. WATER RESOURCES & MINIMUM LOW FLOWS

6.1. SURFACE WATER QUANTITY AND WATER DEMAND

In the northern part of the Songhua basin, the Nen river runs primarily through a rather flat area without significant reservoirs to store and regulate the downstream discharge. This results in flows to be zero or almost zero in the dry season. Accordingly, low flows are quite a natural phenomenon in this part of the basin during the dry season. This will change when the Nierji reservoir will start operation in 2006. The minimum flow conditions have been significantly improved by the construction of a number of reservoirs in the upstream part of the Second Songhua basin. The resulting water quantity situation in the basin is described in chapter 4.2.4 of Volume 2.

The average per capita consumption in Songhua river basin was 559 m3 in 2000, the unit GDP water use quantity was 688 m3 per ten-thousand-yuan, the overall domestic water use of towns (including environmental water use) was 172 liter per capita per day, the water use of general industry was 90 m3 per ten-thousand yuan, the water use in farm irrigation was 529 m3 per mu, and the rural domestic water use was 54 liter per capita per day. The principal problem with respect to water demand in the present situation and certainly also for the future are:

• Water demand and water availability do not always match at all locations, and this problem is growing due to increasing water demand especially in and around cities. • Water use efficiency is not very high. • Water use management is low although improving.

According to the water demand projections, the demand will increase quickly mainly due to the quick development of socio-economy and the demands by irrigation. The total water demands in Songhua River basin will be up to 45.500 billion m3 in 2020 which is a net increase of some 14.300 billion m3 compared to the current situation. The net increase of the domestic water demands is estimated at only 850 million m3, or some 6% of the total increase. The net increase of industry, construction and the tertiary industry sector is 2.900 billion m3, or 20%; while the remaining increase of 74% or 10.600 billion m3 is related to agricultural. This calls for a thorough analysis of the water demand for agriculture and the savings that can be achieved with changing of production methods and crops. At present it is expected that the water demand will continue to increase, both in absolute values and in percentages. According to water demands index per capita, the water demands per capita in Songhua River basin is 560 m3 in 2000, and the predicted water demand per capita for the whole basin is 700 m3 in 2010 and 760 m3 in 2020 respectively, which is an increase of almost 2% per year.

Many plans exist or are being prepared to decrease water demand and increase the available water resources in a sustainable way. Additional reservoirs and diversion works are planned or already under construction, which will also be beneficial for the protection of wetland natural reserves such as Zhalong, Xianghai and Momoge. However, the reduction of water demand by agriculture would be the most effective and efficient. Industries or industrial sectors with high water consumption rates and serious pollution should be reorganised and upgraded or reconstructed.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 77 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

6.1.1. FUTURE DIVERSION WORKS AND RESERVOIRS

The diversion works in the Songhua river basin that are already under construction or still in the stage of planning are listed in the next overview. Reference is made to Figure 11.1 in Volume 5 of this Report.

1. The Nierji reservoir in the Nen river will be put into operation in 2006. The capacity is the reservoir is significant and will increase the low flows in the Nen river downstream of the reservoir. Estimated residence time of the reservoir is some 3 months based on the yearly average flow in the Nen river. 2. The Beibu Diversion works in the Nen river basin (upstream of the city of Qiqihar) includes diversion of water in a south-eastern direction. The current design capacity for these works is 50 m3/s, with a yearly diversion flow of 14.9 m3/s. The design capacity for 2015 is 143 m3/s, with a yearly diversion flow of 51.7 m3/s. 3. The Zhongbu Diversion works in the Nen river basin (upstream of the city of Qiqihar) will divert water in a southern direction. The present design capacity is some 47 m3/s, with a yearly diversion flow of 15.6 m3/s. The design capacity for 2015 is 100 m3/s, the year pilots 23.2 m3/s. 4. The Nanbu diversion works to divert water from the main Songhua river (just after the confluence with the Second Songhua river) to the north includes at present a design capacity of 50 m3/s and a yearly diversion flow of 14.6 m3/s. 5. The Nenbai diversion works intend to divert water from the main Nen river towards the city of Baichang for the purpose of irrigation, drinking water production and wetlands. The 2010 design capacity is 68 m3/s, with a yearly diversion flow 24.7 m3/s. 6. There are plans divert water from the Second Songhua river towards cities in the centre of the Jilin Province. Construction will start at the end of 2005. The present design capacity is 35 m3/s, and the expected diversion capacity for 2010 is 12.7 m3/s and for 2020 is 23 m3/s. – Some part of this total design capacity is diverted to the city of Siping in the Liao He basin (9.6 m3/s). The expected diversion in 2010 and later is 4.1 m3/s. The diversion for the year 2020 and later is 6.1 m3/s; – Another part of the overall diversion is diverted to the city of , of which the design diversion flow is 5.3 m3/s. For 2010 the diversion flow will be 2.2 m3/s, and for 2020 and later the diversion flow is 3.3 m3/s. 7. Diversion of water from Lalin river by means of a channel towards the city of Harbin. The design capacity for 2010 is 11.8 m3/s, with a yearly diversion flow of 11.2 m3/s. The Mopanshan reservoir is under construction in the Lalin river which has almost been finished. Operation will start in 2005. Expected residence time of the reservoir is half a year under average flow conditions. 8. The Chao’er river diversion works in the western part of the Nen river basin will divert water in westerly directions, and in the (far) future also towards the Liao He river basin. The design capacity is 30 m3/s, with an average diversion flow in 2020 of 19.2 m3/s. There are plans to construct a reservoir around 2020. 9. There are plans to build a reservoir in the Second Songhua river near the city of Songyuan for storage and diversion of water towards the Liao He river basin. The foreseen diversion includes some 300 m3/s. Plans are scheduled for after 2030. 10. Dadingzishan reservoir in the main Songhua river is planned to start operation in 2008, but is mainly for the purpose of navigation. The high flow through this reservoir limits the residence time to some 13 days under average flow conditions and 1.5 months during the dry season. 11. Yilan reservoir in the main Songhua river is planned to start operation in 2011, but is mainly for the purpose of navigation. The enormous flow through this reservoir limits the residence time to only 4 days under average flow conditions and 2 months during the dry season.

The key existing and planned reservoirs and their characteristic features have been included in Table 6-1.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 78 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 6-1: KEY EXISTING AND PLANNED RESERVOIRS AVERAGE LOW FLOW AVERAGE LOW RESIDENCE RESIDENCE RESERVOIR RIVER READY FLOW FLOW 3 3 TIME TIME (M /S) (M /S) (YEARS) (YEARS) Yueliang Lake Taoer Yes 7,2 0,2 2,2 64,6 Xinlicheng Yitong Yes 6,2 0,2 1,5 43,7 Shitoukoumen Yinma Yes 23,3 0,9 0,6 14,7 Fengman Second Songhua Yes 410,5 27,0 0,7 10,8 Jingbo Lake Mudan Yes 101,3 7,2 0,5 7,1 Lianhua Mudan Yes 235,3 17,6 0,4 5,5 Mopanshan Lalin 2005 17,6 1,4 0,6 73,0 Nierji Nen 2006 777,3 7,7 0,3 26,5 Dadingzishan Main Songhua *) 2008 1458,6 425,7 13 days 45 days Yilan Main Songhua *) 2011 1727,0 135,5 4 days 55 days *) mainly for navigation purposes

6.1.2. WATER RESOURCE ALLOCATION

Given the available information with respect to SRB water resources, and bearing in mind the development stage of economy and society, the general principle for water resources allocation is sustainable development.

Attention must be paid to the interaction between water resources, economic development and ecology, while giving priority to water-saving and pollution control. Water resources can exploited based on the carying capacity of water resources and environment, while actively protecting the ecological environment, and by guaranteeing the drinking water supply of cities.

6.1.2.1. KEY PRINCIPLES

Reasonably exploit water and soil resources of Nen River Plain and Three River Plain; build national grain basin based on harmonising resources exploitation and environmental protection.

Actively protect ecology and environment, thoroughly change the destroying behaviour, modify the improvident consumption behaviour and construct the environment which is beneficial for sustainable economy development.

Guarantee water supply of cities; construct urban water-supply system and urban ecological environment. Improve urban water quality and water supply guarantee rate. Implement “clean production”; enhance sewage treatment; build beautiful urban environment.

At present, exploiting rate of groundwater has been up to 80%, while exploiting ratio of surface water is some 23%. The future use will mainly rely on surface water; groundwater should be protected and generally not more exploited.

6.1.2.2. NEN RIVER

At present, the exploitation and utilisation ratio of surface water is 21%, so it should be enhanced to develop water-storage projects in right bank of Nen River.

Accelerate the construction of the key hydro-junctions projects such as Nierji, Bila estuary and Wendegen projects;

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 79 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Implement as soon as possible the project of “Diversion Nen River to Heilongjiang Province” , which is the auxiliary project of Nierji project and will guarantee water supply security of Qiqihaer, Daqing and Nen River Grain Basin;

Enlarge the scope of North and Middle diversion works; decrease the over-mining of groundwater;

Accelerate the construction of Chuoer River Diversion Work, “Diversion Nen River to ” work and Hadashan project;

Enlarge the irrigated area, improve the irrigated rate of farmland and the agricultural production level, guarantee high and stable yield;

Strengthen the protection of wetland natural reserves, such as Zhalong, Xianghai and Momoge wetlands, provide necessary raw water to them, and improve the ecological environment.

6.1.2.3. SECOND SONGHUA RIVER

Fully utilise the allocating functions of existing projects, construct more water source projects, and improve water-supply conditions in middle and west of Jilin. Gradually establish the security system for regional water supply.

Accelerate the study on operation schemes of Fenman Reservoir; create beneficial conditions for water resources allocation.

Accelerate the works of “Songhua Water Diversion to the middle of Jilin Province” and Hada Mountain hydro-junction works; guarantee the water supply to the cities in middle and west of Jilin province;

Adjust the industrial structure of Changchun and Jilin cities, re-organise and upgrade the high water-consumption enterprises and high pollution industries as well as carry out water saving programs.

Develop water-saving agriculture; reasonably increase irrigated area; improve the irrigating rate and the ability of resisting natural disasters.

6.1.2.4. MAIN SONGHUA RIVER:

Timely build some water storage/diversion works, increase the water supply ability, and guarantee the water supply security of key cities and cultivated regions.

Accelerate the construction of Mopan Mountain reservoir which will supply water to Haerbin city, accelerate the construction of water resources projects for the key cities such as and Yichun and cultivated regions;

Strengthen water-saving programs, especially the re-construction programs of large-scaled irrigating districts for the purpose of water-saving, such as Longfen Mountain, Youyi, and Xiangmo Mountain in Heilongjiang province.

6.2. MINIMUM FLOWS TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT

The Nen river does not have large-scale diversion works and reservoirs, and many tributaries almost run out of water in the dry season. Therefore the 75% minimum monthly flow is regarded as the minimum discharge the prevent deterioration of the natural environment. The flow regulation through large reservoirs such as Baishan and Fengman in the Second Songhua river has changed the natural flow regime in the Second Songhua and the downstream reaches of

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 80 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

the Songhua river. Therefore, in these reaches the 90% minimum monthly flow is regarded as the minimum discharge to protect the environment.

It is important to notice that for the calculation of the “Carrying Capacity” of the receiving surface water system for waste water discharge is based on the 75% or 90% minimum flow in the surface water system (dependent on the state of development) and based on the 95% minimum flow for surface water intended to be used for drinking water production. For the Songhua river basin this implies application of the 75% and 95% minimum flows.

According to the available water resources information, the 75%, 90% and 95% minimum flows have been calculated from the monthly average flows at different cross sections in the Nen, the Second Songhua and the main Songhua river. These minimum flows are mainly related to the circumstances in the dry season from December till March. According to governmental regulations, minimum flows have to be calculated from a (recent) 10 years time series of monthly average flows.

The Nen river runs primarily through a rather flat area without significant reservoirs to store and regulate the downstream discharge. This results in many 90% and 95% minimum flows to be zero or almost zero in the dry season. Accordingly, low flows during the dry season are common, which will change when the Nierji reservoir will start operation in 2006. The minimum flow conditions have been significantly improved by the various diversion works and man-made reservoirs in the upstream part of the Second Songhua basin, as is indicated in Table 6-2. Also the 75% minimum flow distribution is presented along three trajectories: • from upstream Nen river to the main Songhua until Jiamusi (Figure 6-1) • from upstream Yitong river to the main Songhua until Jiamusi (Figure 6-2) • from upstream 2nd Songhua (Fengman) to the main Songhua until Jiamusi (Figure 6-3)

TABLE 6-2: MINIMUM FLOWS IN SONGHUA RIVER BASIN (STATUS 2005) 75% MINIMUM 90% MINIMUM 95% MINIMUM 3 3 3 RIVER SECTION MONTHLY FLOW (M /S) MONTHLY FLOW (M /S) MONTHLY FLOW (M /S) MEASURED NATURAL MEASURED NATURAL MEASURED NATURAL Yitong reservoir inflow 1.5 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.0 Fengman inflow 204.8 10.3 151.2 0.0 124.2 0.0 End of 2nd Songhua 208.9 21.7 128.3 8.4 100.5 4.4 Nen - upstream of Nierji 4.7 4.7 2.9 2.9 2.2 2.2 Nen at Jiang Bridge 29.9 35.7 21.8 26.7 18.2 22.2 End of Nen river 36.3 38.9 26.4 27.6 19.9 24.3 Songhua at Harbin 298.7 95.7 223.8 60.7 178.6 38.7 Songhua at Tong inflow 306.7 104.6 211.9 58.6 162.2 23.0 Songhua at Jiamusi 437.5 221.5 324.4 148.8 259.2 105.0 End of Mudan river 45.8 11.1 26.6 4.7 18.9 2.7

Although the water demands of Songhua River basin will have an overall increase by 2020, the increased use has no significant effect at the streamflow. The runoff that will enter the principal rivers of Songhua River will decrease some 10%, and it is expected that the overall outflow through the Songhua River will decrease less than 10%. This small decrease is not expected to be a threat to the ecology and overall environment in the river basin.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 81 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Gradually, water management is incorporating the protection of ecological environment when planning or constructing new hydraulic works. With the completion of Nierji reservoir and other diversion works in the Nen river, the principal rivers and tributaries will have more opportunities to safeguard the aquatic environment. In the future (2010 and 2020), there will be even greater opportunities to regulate the flow to satisfy the minimum flow required for ecological purposes.

FIGURE 6-1: THE 75% LOW FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN NEN AND MAIN SONGHUA RIVER

75% minimum flow in the Nen and main Songhua River 500

450

400

350

300 /s) 3 250 flow (m flow 200

150

100

50

0 Shihuiyao Ayanqian Tongmeng Jiangqiao Baishatan Dalai Harbin Tonghe Yilan Jiamusi 1120002 1120007 1120009 1120012 1120013 1120015 1070007 1070009 1070011 1070012 0 1 1 0 1 location1 1 0 1 0 actual flow natural flow

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 82 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 6-2: THE 75% LOW FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN YITONG AND MAIN SONGHUA RIVER

75% minimum flow in the Yitong and main Songhua River 500

450

400

350

300 /s) 3 250 flow (m 200

150

100

50

0 Nongan Fuyu Harbin Tonghe Yilan Jiamusi 10955000 10959200 1070007110700090 10700111 10700120 location

actual flow natural flow

FIGURE 6-3: THE 75% LOW FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN SECOND AND MAIN SONGHUA RIVER

75% minimum flow in the Second Songhua and main Songhua River 500

450

400

350

300 /s) 3 250 flow (m flow 200

150

100

50

0 Fengman reservior Fuyu Harbin Tonghe Yilan Jiamusi 10920200 10959200 10700071 location 10700090 10700111 10700120

actual flow natural flow

6.2.1. FUTURE MINIMAL ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW

Based on the available projections until the year of 2020, water quantity used for socio- economic purposes in Songhua River Basin will increase with 243 m3/s. The increase for the Nen River Basin will be 140 m3/s, accounting for 15% of total surface water resources of Nen River. The increase for the Second Songhua River will be 38 m3/s, accounting for 7% of the total surface water resources of Second Songhua River. For the main Songhua River the

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 83 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

increase is estimated at 65 m3/s, which accounts for 6% of the surface water of main Songhua River.

In 2020, the inflow water quantity to Songhua Sancha River will decrease 178 m3/s, accounting for 12% of the total surface water resources upstream of Sancha estuary. The outflow water quantity of Songhua River will reduce with 243 m3/s, accounting for 9% of the total surface water resources of Songhua River Basin.

So, based on the above projections until the year of 2020, the water demand in SRB will significantly increase. The inflow to mainstream of Songhua River will decrease less than 13% and the outflow of Songhua River will decrease less than 10%, so it will not or hardly threaten the river ecology and environment.

Based on the “Ecological Water Usage Study of Songliao River Basin”, the “Minimum Ecological Water Demand (or Minimum Ecological Flow)” is defined as a water flow until which the river system will rapidly deteriorate or even disappear. And the definition of “Optimal Ecological Water Demand (or Optimal Ecological Flow)” is water flow required to sustain the biological metabolism, keep suitable living conditions and organism integrity. These two definitions will be used hereafter.

With the implementation of new principles for water resources management, more attention will be paid to the protection of ecological environment. And in new water resource projects, the demand of ecological water usage will also be considered. In the future 2010 and 2020, water resource allocation and exploitation will depend on the satisfaction of ecological water demand. For Second Songhua River, Baishan and Fengman Reservoirs will adjust water flow and guarantee “optimal ecological flow”. So, for key sections in the mainstream of Second Songhua River, the minimal flow in future should be “optimal ecological flow”, and for sections in other rivers, ought to be “minimum ecological flow”.

Table 6-3 shows the minimal and optimal ecological flows of key sections in Songhua River basin.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 84 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 6-3: MINIMAL AND OPTIMAL ECOLOGICAL FLOW OF SONGHUA RIVER)

AVERAGE MINIMAL OPTIMAL NAME OF CROSS ECOLOGICAL ECOLOGICAL WATER SYSTEM FLOW SECTION FLOW FLOW (M3/S) (M3/S) (M3/S) Haerbin 1502.0 209.0 405.0 Tonghe 1713.0 221.0 462.0 Mainstream of Songhua River Jiamusi 2317.0 283.0 605.0 Xiadaiji 195.0 331.0 Lalin River Caijiagou 112.0 15.7 28.0 Mayi River Lianhua 75.8 10.6 19.0 Branch of Moudanjiang Changjiangtun 262.0 36.7 65.9 Songhua River Woken River Woken 16.2 2.3 4.2 Tangwang River Chengming 160.0 22.4 41.6 Hulan River Qinjia 72.3 10.1 18.8 Shihuiyao 121.0 10.3 25.8 Ayanqian 348.0 28.6 83.4 Mainstream of Nenjiang Jiangqiao 714.0 58.0 174.0 Dalai 759.0 47.4 152.0 Nuoming River Guchengzi 152.0 12.9 46.5 Yaluc River Nianzishan 62.9 4.9 19.2 Chuoer River Liangjiazi 70.7 6.3 20.7 Taoer River 54.0 4.0 15.1 Jiagedaqi 62.2 7.5 23.0 Branch of Gan River Liujiatun 124.0 12.5 35.8 Nen river DuobukuerRiver Guli 31.6 3.8 9.77 Taoer River Zhenxi 50.2 4.5 14.1 Huolin River Baiyunhushuo 12.7 1.1 3.6 Wuyuer River Yian 24.7 3.0 6.4 Nemoer River Dedu 33.7 4.0 9.4 Fengman 425.0 40.1 123.2 Mainstream of second Songhua River Fuyu 510.0 45.9 158.0 Branch of Yitong River Nongan 11.7 1.2 3.6 Second Yinma River 29.9 3.0 8.4 Songhua River Huifa River Wudaogou 89.5 8.6 26.3

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 85 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

7. WATER QUALITY IMPACT

7.1. INTEGRATED WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT & MONITORING

Modern approaches to Water Resources Management in general and Water Quality Management in particular, are based on integrated planning at the level of River Basins and catchments. To be effective, however, integrated water resources management requires very careful planning and adequate tools to support the actual implementation of the River Basin Approach. Adequate analytical tools and sufficient training for implementation and use is required to be successful in the long run. Tools to analyze the surface water quality situation, groundwater system, water demand and water use in a catchment are available and can assist water resources management decisions.

For effective integrated water resources management to occur, requires an enormous amount of high quality data. These data is to be obtained from a coordinated and calibrated set of monitoring locations, which are strategically located to provide a clear understanding of the behavior of the water system. Although the overall monitoring effort in Songhua river basin is substantial, the various players are hardly coordinating efforts and insufficiently exchanging the obtained information: in some cases specific analyses are duplicated and not even compared.

Integrated water quality management requires monitoring of both water quality and water quantity issues simultaneously in order to be able to prepare dedicated water and mass balances for the various substances that are important. Currently, monitoring seems to be mostly related to check surface water standards and to detect trends in water quality, rather than that the monitoring results are used for a systems analysis approach and modelling of water and substance balances. The latter approach proved to be more useful for integrated water quality management and for infrastructure and environmental planning and implementation.

The methodological framework for pollution control management as described in chapter 3 focuses on the preparation of an integrated plan including pollution control projects based on the proposals by SEPA, MWR and others. This strategic plan includes a series of infrastructure investments and interventions that will improve the overall basin water quality.

The implementation of domestic and industrial waste water treatment plants is of vital importance for the improvement of the surface and groundwater quality situation. However, these treatment plants are just meant to reduce the impact of waste water that has already been produced. Construction of WWTPs should go hand in hand with measures to decrease the load and quality of waste water being produced, and to discharge the remaining waste water through WWTPs at locations where the dilution capacity is ensured (see chapter 7.4 related to the concept of Carrying Capacity in China). Therefore, equal attention should be paid to the introduction of clean technology, updating production procedures and operational water management guidelines to maintain (minimum) environmental flows at specific locations during the entire year. Another option is to restrict the water allocation by specific water users such as agriculture (irrigation) in favor of domestic water users or to maintain agreed minimum flow requirements.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 86 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

To guarantee a minimum impact at the surface water system, water quality related objectives need to be addressed in terms of both the quantity and the quality of waste water discharges, and the quantity and quality of the receiving waters. Although the issue of environmental flows has been raised, it has not yet been included in the law and regulations. In practice these requirements are more used as a goal and objective rather than as a fixed limit that may not be exceeded.

In current practice, violations of the surface water quality standards do not result in quick actions and responses from authorities. Information with respect to violations of standards is mainly used for medium term planning studies and for statistics. As operating and maintaining a monitoring network is rather expensive and labor intensive, the purpose of monitoring and the use of the obtained information should be specified clearly. Monitoring related to waste water discharges and checking of permits should be closely related to the actual enforcement of regulations, which generally requires immediate actions. Information for water quality management and planning has a much longer time horizon, but requires integration of different types of information to become meaningful.

7.2. MODEL DESCRIPTIONS & SET-UP

A number of analytical tools have been set-up to support the integrated water quality management in Songhua river basin in general and to prioritize the proposed long list of waste water treatment projects. The analytical tools that have been chosen to support the Songhua basin management include a Waste Load Model (see chapter 4.2) to quantify the produced waste loads in the basin and a Surface Water Quantity and a Surface Water Quality Model (see chapter 7.2.2) to quantify the effects of proposed measures on the water quality situation in the Songhua basin. Results of the Waste Load Model can be used an input for the model application for surface water quantity and water quality.

Although the choice for a specific type of analytical tool (mathematical model) seems to be rather straightforward in theory, it is in practice an important step that should not be under- estimated. On one hand the data requirements of the specific tool must reasonably fit the extent and detail of the available input data, but on the other hand the tool must provide the user with meaningful answers in the required detail.

FIGURE 7-1: MODEL COMPLEXITIES FOR WATER QUANTITY AND WATER QUALITY

regional groundwat er model

rainfall runoff model

hydrodynamic model

water balance

mass balance

water quality model

e missions model

ecologic model

As is indicated in Figure 7-1, the most basic approach is to prepare a mass balance for water quantity and water quality. If more detailed information becomes available, a hydrodynamic model and a water quality model can be considered, although sufficient information has to be available for the determination of the waste water discharges (emissions) in the required detail. Generally, the (system) analysis of the situation in a river basin is also a learning process over

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 87 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

time: as soon as more information and data becomes available about the behavior of the system, more detailed model applications can be prepared and used to analyze the river basin characteristics.

7.2.1. RELATION BETWEEN POLLUTANT LOADS AND WATER QUALITY STANDARDS

The water manager can only formulate proper measures when the implications of alternative measures with respect to the river water quality are known. The definition of the river water quality standards provide a direct relationship between pollutant loads and water quality standards, and thus the implications of pollutant load reducing measures can be deducted directly. However, the formulation of the standards for waste water discharges is not stringent: preferably the standards for waste water discharges should also be related to the maximum acceptable waste load rather than only to the maximum acceptable concentration. On the other hand, using the total waste loads as a criterion is more difficult to apply in practice. It is stressed however, that enforcing waste water discharge standards, implementation of waste water treatment facilities and enforcing the introduction of ‘Clean Production’ practices form the links between pollutant load reduction and required mitigating measures.

To analyze the impacts of alternative measures and to check if proposed measures comply with the required criteria, the accompanying net pollutant loads have been converted to river concentrations and compared with the surface water quality standards to check whether they comply with the objectives of the different water bodies. If not, additional mitigating measures have to be formulated and implemented to meet the standards for surface and waste water.

The pollutant loads resulting from the Waste Load Model have been summarized per sub-basin and subsequently been divided by a specific surface water flow that is related to this load. This ratio can be regarded as a characteristic concentration increase in the surface water system due to the waste load in the specific sub-basin. It is of course a bit arbitrary what flow to choose for this exercise. The Government has adopted the principle of Carrying capacity some time ago, prescribed that the 75% minimum flow (based on monthly average values from the last 10 years) has to be used to evaluate the carrying capacity in the Songhua river basin development zone. For river reached that are used for drinking water production the 95% minimum flow is prescribed as the basis for this evaluation. As a reference, the 50% (average) flow has also been included in this calculation.

Although for some basins it appeared to be somewhat troublesome to obtain information with respect to the minimum flows in different reaches of the river, this approach resulted in rather valuable information about the impact of the present and future pollutant loads from a sub-basin at the receiving surface water system.

The resulting surface water concentrations depend on the net pollutant loads, the local hydrology and purification processes within the water system itself, which are typical for the various substances. The net pollutant load for a sub-basin is based on the total produced pollutant load and the reduction by waste water treatment facilities, interception in the soil and groundwater, and the reduction due to decay processes during transport from the production site until it reaches the surface water system.

The approach and analysis used for the evaluation of the impact of the proposed treatment plant projects is rather straightforward. The impact is just calculated as a reduction of the pollutant load and the related decrease of the surface water concentration and the most downstream end of the sub-basin based on the 75% minimum flow.

Local situations may differ from this general result. Moreover, as for the carrying capacity, the various pollutant loads have to be included in an integrated calculation to show the combined impact of all pollutant loads. In this way both the self-purification process in the surface water system and the varying upstream water quality conditions will be taken into account, resulting in a more reliable description of the impact at the surface water concentration profile. Such an analysis requires a dedicated mathematical model that includes the relevant water quality

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 88 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

processes. As described in chapter 7.2.2, a model system has been prepared for the main branches of the Songhua that can be used as the backbone for any future Decision Support System (DSS). Application of this model was severely hampered by the unavailability of required boundary conditions and input information.

The approach that has been used necessarily in this project is comparable, although it does not take into account the self-purification processes in the water system. Fortunately, the worst case analysis for the Songhua basin focus at the dry period which occurs in the winter period when temperatures are extremely low (below 25 degrees Celsius), hampering almost completely the self-purification processes in the water system. Therefore in the dry period, no surface water quality modeling approach is required as the water quality in the system is directly related to the results of the ‘mass balance’ approach as used in the Waste Load Model.

The comparison of the various proposed projects has been based on the expected improvement of the surface water quality situation under low flow conditions. The characterization of this low flow condition depends on the water use function. According to the Chinese regulations, quantification of the carrying capacity in the Songhua basin has to be based on the 75% low flow conditions. In case the water will be used for drinking water production, the 95% low flow conditions are applicable. For the purpose of comparison, the 75% low flow characteristics have been used in this study to judge the water quality impacts of the various projects that are proposed.

7.2.2. THE SURFACE WATER QUANTITY & WATER QUALITY MODEL

Based on the available GIS-maps for the Songhua river basin, a one-dimensional model schematization has been prepared with the software package Sobek. An impression of this model schematization for the surface water system of Songhua river basin is presented in Figure 7-2 together with the most relevant monitoring locations.

FIGURE 7-2: SOBEK 1D-MODEL SCHEMATIZATION OF THE SONGHUA RIVER BASIN

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 89 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

In order to efficiently analyze the key water quality and water quantity characteristics of the Songhua river basin, the schematization has been restricted to the main branches of the Nen (downstream of Nierji reservoir), Yitong, Second Songhua, Mudan and main Songhua river until the border section at Tongjiang. Other river reaches have been included as boundary conditions. Within the time-frame of third phase of this project it appeared to be impossible to provide a reliable set of data that could be used to prepare the actual model application for Songhua river basin. As the preparation of a complete and calibrated model application has not been specified as a deliverable for this project, a preliminary application has been prepared to enable local specialists and the Client to get familiar with the set-up and requirements, and to prepare a reliable and complete set of data to be able to use the Songhua model application in day-to-day practice.

7.3. MODEL CALIBRATION & BASELINE CONDITIONS

The integrated analysis of the Water Quantity and Water Quality situation in the Songhua river basin requires a dedicated mathematical model for hydrodynamics that includes the relevant water quality processes. As described in chapter 7.2.2, a preliminary model application has been prepared for the main branches of the Songhua that can be used as the backbone for any future Decision Support System (DSS). However, application of this model application was severely hampered by the unavailability of required boundary conditions and input information.

The implementation of such a modeling approach is urgent as the present estimation of the Carrying Capacity for each separate reach of the Songhua river basin lacks the incorporation of upstream waste water discharges and inadequately includes the temperature dependency of the self-purification (self-cleaning) processes in the surface water system. The model application will result in a more reliable description of the impact of the proposed projects at the surface water concentration profile.

For that reason, the quantification of the impact of proposed projects related to Water Quality management could only be judged by means of a direct quantification of the amount of waste water that is produced now and in the future, and the amount of treatment capacity that is and will be installed in the Songhua river basin. This quantification has been performed by means of the earlier described Waste Load Model, which has been made available to the Client in the form of a dedicated Excel-spreadsheet.

Although the Waste Load Model includes procedures to calculate the (non-point) waste water discharges from agriculture, these results could not sufficiently be calibrated with measurements from the field and have for that reason been excluded from the overall analysis of present and future waste loads in the Songhua river basin. Therefore, the analysis of the waste load situation in Songhua river basin is related to the domestic and industrial (point) sources. The same holds for the analysis of the impact of the proposed projects.

7.4. THE CONCEPT OF CARRYING CAPACITY IN RELATION TO MODELLING

The comparison of the various proposed projects has been based on the expected improvement of the surface water quality situation under low flow conditions. The water use functions are directly related and dependent on this low flow conditions. According to Chinese Regulations (MWR, August 2002), the quantification of the ‘Carrying Capacity’ in the Songhua basin has to be based on the 75% low flow conditions. In case the water will be used for drinking water production, the 95% low flow conditions are applicable. For the purpose of comparison, the 75% low flow characteristics have been used in this study to judge the water quality impacts of the various projects that are proposed.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 90 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

As many waste water discharges in the Songhua river basin go without treatment, the main part of the river basin has to rely on the self-purification capacity, due to the natural decomposition processes in the surface water itself. This is common practice in China and incorporated in the regulations that stipulate the quantification of the Carrying Capacity, which in fact is more or less equal to the self-purification capacity.

It is important to realize that, as in man-made treatment plants, the self-purification processes in the surface water system are highly dependent on the water temperature. In the winter period, the self-purification capacity reduces for most substances to low levels. Because the winter period happens to coincide with the dry period, this is an important issue with serious consequences for the Carrying Capacity in this period. Moreover, the Carrying Capacity is in general only applied to COD, while COD has the highest level of decomposition rate (self- purification rate) compared to other substances. Applying the Carrying Capacity to other substances would probably even further limit the ‘allowed’ waste water discharges to the surface water system.

The risk of this Carrying Capacity approach is that pollutants are indeed decomposed, but the resulting decomposed substances can be evenly detrimental to the downstream surface water system. This is for instance the case for ammonium which is generally decomposed to nitrate, which enhances eutrophication and the related growth of toxic blue-green algae (phytoplankton), endangering the intake of drinking water facilities. Also, a reservoir acts as a settling tank for suspended sediment and attached material in the summer period, resulting in anoxic bottom layers in the stratified reservoir. In case of a yearly turnover of the reservoir in autumn or winter when air and water temperatures drop, there is a serious risk for additional pollution of the downstream river reaches and the unavailability of the reservoir as a source for drinking water production in that period.

Discussions with the Jilin EPB Pollution Control Division revealed that the method to calculate the Carrying Capacity is clear, although the approach has recently been changed to bring the approach of SEPA and EPB that was used until 2004 in line with the approach of the Ministry of Water Resources that is the basis for the calculation of the carrying capacity starting January 1, 2005. The EPB was not able to provide an estimate of the impacts of this change for the actual levels of the carrying capacity. The Jilin EPB is waiting for adequate data to actually perform this analysis for the water system in Jilin province.

Jilin EPB will use the 90% guaranteed flow in the receiving surface water system (river) for the calculation of the carrying capacity. Information has to be calculated for each functional zone. Information with respect to the 90% guaranteed flow is available at Jilin EPB for each functional zone. However, data can not (yet) be supplied for the Songhua project because this data has first to be validated and agreed by the Hydraulic Bureau. Data has officially been requested by the Consultant but not yet obtained.

The preferred approach for sustainable integrated Water Quality management would be not to rely on the Carrying Capacity, but to focus on Clean Production processes and on stringent standards for waste water discharges that are adequately enforced. The Carrying Capacity concept will in that case only be used to check whether these stringent standards for waste water discharges will still result in violation of standards in the surface water system. This can also be checked using a dedicated model application (or DSS) for the Songhua river basin.

7.5. IMPACTS WITH THE PROJECTS

7.5.1.1. THE WATER RESOURCES SITUATION

The basis for any integrated Water Quality management study is the characteristics of the Water Resources (water quantity) situation. From a system analysis point of view, the Songhua river basin is composed of a number of connected river reaches and tributaries, and a number of man-made reservoirs in the upstream parts of the basin.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 91 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

The reservoirs act as natural treatment plants due to their considerable residence time of typically half a year (with some exceptions). This effect is even more significant during the dry period, when all upstream surface water and waste water is collected by the reservoirs. In and , 4-3 and 4-4 the discharge in m3/s in various parts of the basin is presented for 75%, 90% and 95% minimum flow circumstances (present infrastructure).

It is noted that this situation will change in the near future due to the construction of the Nierji reservoir in the Nen river (operational in 2006) and the inter-basin transfer of water to the Liao river basin from the south-western part of the Songhua river basin. The same holds for the intra- basin transfer of water from the Jilin region towards the Changchun area that will be operational in 2006. Additional water resources related plans that have been proposed or that are already under construction will further change the water resources situation in the basin: generally these plans have a negative impact on the available water resources in the Songhua river basin.

Due to the foreseen decrease of water resources in the Songhua river basin, as has been discussed in chapter 1.1 on present and future Water Resources issues, the impact of the proposed projects to reduce the produced amount of pollution will be less then expected based on the presently available water resources. This makes the investments in the construction of Treatment Capacity and activities to arrive at Clean Production processes even more urgent than it is already today.

7.5.1.2. THE WASTE LOAD SITUATION

The waste load situation, as reflected in the results of the Waste Load Model application for Songhua, shows a considerable amount of waste water produced by urban, agricultural and industrial sources.

Almost even important as the amount of waste water that is produced is the location where the waste water is discharged into the surface water system. From the results it is obvious that the most important waste water discharges are not only located in the downstream reaches of the surface water system where sufficient flow is available for dilution, but also in the upstream tributaries of the Songhua basin where only limited dilution capacity is available and where the limited water resources have to be protected for pollution in order to be available for drinking water production.

The waste water production will increase considerably in the coming 20 years according to the available projections for population, agriculture and industry. Construction of a large amount of additional treatment capacity in especially the upstream parts of the basis is urgently required to decrease the current net waste water discharge to the surface water system or even to keep them at the existing level. Keeping the net waste water discharge to the surface water system at the current level will still result into an increase of the pollution levels (concentrations) in the surface water due to the transfer of part of the scarcely available water resources towards the Liao river basin.

7.5.1.3. THE WATER QUALITY SITUATION

As stated before, the basis for any integrated Water Quality management study is the characteristics of the Water Resources (water quantity) situation. From a system analysis point of view, the Songhua river basin is composed of a number of connected river reaches and tributaries, and a number of man-made reservoirs in the upstream parts of the basin.

From the perspective of surface water quality, the system is composed of a number of reservoirs with connection river reaches to transport the water and dissolved substances. These reservoirs and connecting river reaches are in practice acting as a natural treatment facility. The residence time of each reservoir and many river reaches is long enough to take advantage of the self-purification processes: large man-made reservoirs considerably reduce (decompose) the pollutants from the inflowing rivers and streams. The residence times for average and low- flow conditions for the existing and future reservoirs have been summarized in .

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 92 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

From this overview of residence times for the various reservoirs it is clear that, except perhaps for the reservoirs in the Main Songhua which are mainly built for navigation purposes, all reservoirs are acting as an effective natural treatment plant and as a sedimentation pond for sediment and pollutants attached to this particulate material. This is especially true for the low flow period.

These self-purification processes are especially beneficial for the easily decomposable pollutants, but certainly not for the conservative substances and pollutants that are attached to suspended sediments which will ultimately reach the bottom layers of the reservoir due to sedimentation. The self-purification of most river reaches is generally much less due to the much shorter residence times.

On the one hand it is tempting for the Water Quality Manager to use and (partly) rely on the natural treatment capacity that is available through these man-made reservoirs. This is common practice in China and incorporated in the regulations that stipulate how to quantify the Carrying Capacity, being the self-purification capacity. However, it is important to notice that pollutants are indeed decomposed, but the resulting decomposed substances can still be as detrimental as before to the downstream surface water system and environment. This is for instance the case for ammonium which is generally decomposed to nitrate, but the resulting nitrate loading enhances eutrophication and the related growth of toxic blue-green algae (phytoplankton), endangering the intake of drinking water facilities.

Also, a reservoir acts as a settling tank for suspended sediment and attached material in the summer period, resulting in anoxic bottom layers in the stratified reservoir. In case of a yearly turnover of the reservoir in autumn or winter when air and water temperatures drop, there is a serious risk for additional pollution of the downstream river reaches and the unavailability of the reservoir as a source for drinking water production in that period. Once a reservoir has been polluted, it takes many years to improve the water quality due to the long residence time.

In order to safeguard the maximum amount of surface water for drinking water production, the investment plans for additional treatment capacity and introduction of Clean Production processes should pay sufficient attention to the upstream river reaches in the Songhua river basin, especially those with man-made reservoirs.

This capture of pollutants by the upstream reservoirs has as a consequence that the concentration of pollutants in the surface water in the downstream reaches of the Songhua river basin is almost exclusively based on the waste water discharges downstream of these reservoirs. Due to the large residence time, the surface water concentrations at the dam-site will be rather constant in time. This effect also smoothens the variability of the concentrations in downstream sections in the main Songhua river.

A rough estimate of the impact of all proposed projects at the surface water concentration has been made with and without the proposed projects in the Strategic and Immediate Action Plans. The self-purification effect of large reservoirs and reaches has not been taken into account in this analysis. The potential change (improvement) of the water quality situation due to proposed projects has been expressed as a potential increase of the COD concentration in surface water for every sub-basin of SRB.

The changes in the flow in the surface water system that may be expected due to the planned actions for Water Resources (see chapter 4), have not been included in the above calculations. The transfer of water to especially the Liao river basin will result in increased surface water concentrations in the Songhua river basin due to decrease of dilution capacity. However, the Nierji reservoir in the Nen river will be beneficial for the low flow conditions in the Nen and main Songhua river and therefore counteract the effects of the flow diversions in these river reaches.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 93 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

8. THE STRATEGIC PLAN

8.1. A VISION FOR THESONGHUA RIVER BASIN

As reported in the China Daily, March 22nd 2020, World Water Day and on the Songhua River Basin Agency Web Site:

“Many important steps for restoration of the Songhua River Basin were achieved last year marking the culmination of a program launched during the 11th Five Year Planning Period. For the first time residents in Harbin are able to drink clean tap water without fear of contamination from both acute and chronic pollution. Aquatic populations and diversity are increasing, with fish kills being a thing of the past. Nature reserves are thriving and tourist levels have increased significantly per year. Exports of green food have increased steadily. Industrial restructuring and the successful completion of the 3R’s policy through the final phases of the North East Revitalization has lead to reduced resource utilization and further possibilities for economic growth. All major cities are now equipped with functioning wastewater treatment facilities.

This situation contrasts sharply with that at the beginning of the century in which water in the main stream of the Songhua was unfit for use as a potable supply, many rivers were no more than open sewers, aquatic and natural resources were being depleted and questions were being asked of future economic growth. These improvements testify to the overall success of China’s Agenda 21 which marked the first step along the path to a non- threatening sustainable development in which a holistic approach to population, economy, society, natural resources and environment was implemented. “

As indicated above this optimistic vision contrasts sharply with the situation at the beginning of the 21st Century in the SRB and as described in Volume 2 of this report

At present in the SRB, the conditions for change are optimal notably due to • The Central Government’s renewed focus on the region through the Revitalisation of the North East strategy; • There is acknowledged support from a variety of organizations, including funding agencies • The Songliao Mode for river basin management represents as discussed in Volume 3 of this report a good model upon which to base further reforms.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 94 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

8.2. OBJECTIVES

On the basis of the use of the waste load model the following broad objectives have been derived.

8.2.1. INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER

(1) “Zero increase of industrial waste discharge”

Increase the industrial water utilization rate; decrease the water usage quantity per 10,000 Yuan Industry Increasing Value.

(2) “Zero discharge of Industrial Waste”

Construct WWTPs, and improve production processes and technologies in order to reduce pollution loading intensities.

8.2.2. DOMESTIC WASTEWATER

(1) Achieve the wastewater treatment objectives required by Chinese Construction Ministry: up to 2010, 60% wastewater of all the cities should be treated; and for capital cities and tourism cities, 70% wastewater should be treated.

(2) No increase of BOD discharges in the immediate future year; keep the same BOD discharge amount as 2002. Decrease BOD discharge in the long term. In this scenario, in the year of 2020, to decrease 50% BOD, wastewater treatment rate in Jilin Province should be approximately 90%, and 90% for Heilongjiang Province.

8.3. STRATEGIES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

8.3.1. PRINCIPALS FOR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

(1) Save Water. Build water-saving industry, agriculture and water-saving cities. Restrict industry structure, agriculture structure and city development based on consumable water resource. Insure and guarantee the ecological water usage, and sustain healthy water environment.

(2) Prioritize the protection on concentrated drinkable water sources.

(3) Integrated with the “Ecological Province” construction in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces, strengthen the ecological protection. Mitigate the water shortage and improve water environment conditions.

(4) Integrate the pollution treatment with economical structure re-organization. Make an effort on development of recycling economy mode and green industry development mode.

(5) Build a new pollution control institute which is lead by government and fostered by market mechanism.

(6) Control non-point source pollution, and reduce the usage of fertilizer and pesticide. Push the recycling and reuse of irrigation water, and construct ecological agriculture.

(7) Reference on the pollution control lessons and experiences of the highly developed areas.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 95 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

8.3.2. KEY TASKS FOR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

(1) Prioritize the protection of concentrated drinkable water sources for cities

The key city concentrated drinkable water sources in Songhua River Basin are: Harbin Sifangtai Water Source, Songhua Lake in Jilin Province, Changchun Xinlicheng Reservoir and Shitoumen Reservoir. It should guarantee the quality level of concentrated drinkable water resource is Class II.

(2) Accelerate the industrial pollution treatment especially the toxic organic pollution treatment

(3) Prioritize the water pollution treatment of seven cities

Especially Seven cities: Harbin (the capital of Heilongjiang Province), Qiqihaer (directly discharge pollution into Nen River), Mudanjiang (directly discharge pollution into Mudan River), Jiamusi (directly discharge pollution into Main Songhua River), Daqing (directly influence the water source of Haerbin City), Changchun city and Jilin City.

(4) Strengthen the control on agriculture non-point source pollution

(5) Enhance the monitoring capacity building

(6) Research on the water supplement strategy for dry period and pollution control measures for iced period for Songhua River

8.3.3. OVERALL STRATEGIES

(1) Enhance the consolidated leadership of the governments and harmonization between different sectors; implement the management institution with definite objectives and clear responsibilities

(2) Sufficiently utilize the market mechanism; guarantee the effective operation of treatment facilities.

(3) Strengthen the re-organization and re-regulation of economy structure; control the total discharge load for main pollutants.

(4) Enhance the environmental monitoring capacity building, protect ecological environment based on laws.

(5) Enhance the treatment on micro-organic pollutants and toxic organic pollutants

8.3.4. SUB RIVER BASIN PRIOIRITIES & STRATEGIES

The results of the situation analysis (Volume 2) has identified a number of key priorities per sub- river basin as discussed below/

8.3.4.1. NEN RIVER BASIN

Constrain industry development in the water head of Nen River; constrain agriculture and livestock development; control the population increasing; restore the healthy forest and plants.

The main big city in Nen River Basin is Qiqihaer. More than 190 million ton wastewater and 20,000 ton COD will discharge into Nen River. WWTP and Solid waste treatment plant should be constructed in the city.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 96 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

8.3.4.2. UPSTREAM OF FENGMAN RESERVOIR • A. Water head areas: Forbid the Industry development; constrain agriculture and stock raising; keep on the police of “return cultivated land into forest land”; and protect the nature forest. Forbid the activities which can produce pollution; control population increasing; guarantee the water quality safety in head water.

• B. Bank areas of and Huifa River : More than 50 million ton wastewater will discharge into Songhua Lake every year from upstream of Huifa River and Jiao River, in which COD is 12,000 ton, contributing 67.5% of the total pollution load in Songhua Lake. So, more than 10 towns/cities upstream of Huiha River and Jiao River should strictly control the industry development which will discharge large quantity of pollutions, and construct wastewater treatment plants and solid waste treatment plants.

• C. Surrounding areas of Songhua Lake: In the recent two years, about 76,7000 ton fertilizer and 1400 ton pesticide are used in the surrounding areas of Songhua Lake, and large amount of N, P discharging into lake. The cultivated land area surrounding the lake is 440,000 Ha, used 370,000 ton fertilizer and 10,000 ton pesticide per year, 60% of which will flow into lake. So it is necessary to constrain and decrease the usage of pesticide and fertilizer. Achieve the objective of “no fertilizer will be used in the year of 2015”. Advocate “return cultivated land into forest land”. Every year about 100 Ha cultivated land will be increased surrounding the Songhua Lake, accounting for 6.2% of the total forest land area. Now the soil and water loss area has been more than 80,000 ha. Moderately control the development of tourism and develop ecological tourism. There are 700 ships in the lake, discharging more than 10 ton waste oil into lake every year.

Through the above measures, decrease the point source pollution load to the 30% of the current condition, and decrease the non-point source pollution load to the 50% of the current condition. Guarantee the water quality level is class-II, and in part of the water area is Class-I.

8.3.4.3. CITIES IN SECOND SONGHUA RIVER BASIN • A. Changchun city and city-cluster of Yitong River and Yinma River: The city-cluster of Yitong River and Yinma River mainly include Yitong, Shuangyang, Nongan, Dehui and Jiutai. Most of these cities are short of water. Based on re-organization of industry structure, develop clean production technology and reduce the water usage in industry development. Construct healthy and complete water supply system and drainage system. • B. Fertilizer and pesticide problems: Large amount of fertilizer and pesticide were used in the middle and down stream of Second Songhua River. Every year about 800,000 ton fertilizer was used, 60% of which will flow into water. Try to develop water-saving agriculture, organic- agriculture and accurate-agriculture; recycle the irrigation water, increase the utilization ratio of water and fertilizer; control pollution load produced from livestock; so to reduce the non-point source pollution.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 97 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

8.3.4.4. CITIES IN MAIN SONGHUA RIVER BASIN

The main cities in Main Songhua River Basin include Harbin, Daqing, Mudanjiang and Jiamushi. Based on re-organization of industry structure, develop clean production technology and reduce the water usage in industry development. Construct healthy and complete water supply system and drainage system to reduce point-source pollution.

Large quantity of fertilizer and pesticide are used in Main Songhua River Basin. 652,000 ton N- fertilizer and 503,000 ton P-fertilizer will be used every year. Try to increase the utilization ratio of water and fertilizer; control the waste load from livestock; control non-point source pollution.

8.4. SUMMARY OF KEY OBJECTIVES

The following table provides a summary of some of the major objectives and targets. As illustrated later in this report, the investments required to achieve these objectives are considerable and in excess of current investment rates.

TABLE 8-1: PROPOSED OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS FOR WATER QUALITY AND POLLUTION CONTROL IN THE SRB

Parameter Short Term Target Medium Term Target Long Term Target (2010) (2015) (2020)

Water Quality Slight Improvement Achieve Water Achieve water quality Objectives of Current Conditions Quality Objectives on objectives for the (eg. Class IV on the important water SRB mainstream) resources

Urban Waste Water 70% in major 80% in major 90% in major Treatment Rates cities/50 % over the cities/70% over the cities/80% over the basin basin SRB

Waste Water 10% - 30% Recycling

Industrial COD 4 - 2 intensities (base 2000) kg/10000 RMB

As discussed above, it is not considered feasible to achieve water quality objectives over the entire basin in the next five years. As a result it is strongly recommended that investments and actions should be prioritized to protect water resources, such as the Fengman and Nierji Reservoirs.

8.4.1. STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE THESE OBJECTIVES

This various actions and strategies to achieve the policy “Clean Water for All” in the SRB are illustrated in the following diagram. While improving and expanding investments in pollution control facilities is a major action, especially in the short term, other actions related to

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 98 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

management of water resources and water quality are of equal significance. These various actions and strategies are further detailed in Volume IV of this report.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 99 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 8-1: KEY ELEMENTS OF THE VISION FOR WATER QUALITY OF THE SRB

y SRB to serve as a Promote a national model (test) y Empower the River Basin National Focus for river basin Agency management y Harmonisation of planning and objectives y Integrate low flow Foster Integrated management with Water Resources pollution control Management y Subsidiarity & The y Harmonisation & Four Separations Improvement of y Public Private monitoring and Partnerships assessment practices y Expansion of waste y Improve/Expand WS water service delivery Delivery y Develop regional y Implement Cost service delivery Recovery organisations y Develop 3 R's y Develop SRB fund for Information Centre and infrastructure financing SRB Foster Water Test Applications Conservation/ y Develop bench marking Clean Water For All Efficiencies approach y Awareness & Education (industrial and y Participation in national agricultural resource & regional management & pollution Promote regional conferences control) cooperation y Twinning of the SRB in Asia and Worldwide

y Pollution Source Control Fostering Web Site Participation y Water Quality Bulletins & Web Site

y Tendering procedures Improve Governance for PPP y Capacity Building

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 100 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

9. IMMEDIATE ACTION PLAN OVER THE 11TH FYP

This chapter develops the different aspects of the strategic plan for the following 11th FYP, consisting of : • Municipal Wastewater Action Plan • Industrial Pollution Control Action Plan • Headwater Action Plan • Agriculturla Pollution Control Action Plan • Monitoring • Studies and Capacity Building

9.1. MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER ACTION PLAN

9.1.1. PROJECT IDENTIFICATION

A number of different planning documents have been previously described in Chapter 2 of this report. In particular, the SEPA Plan and the pollution control plans from the Provincial Authorities have been used to develop a “long list” of pollution control projects, primarily covering the domestic wastewater sector. These have been supplemented following various discussions with both provincial/municipal authorities.

Details of these projects as collected by the project team are included in Appendix C of this report; their approximate location of these projects is included in Figures 19.1 – 19.4 in the accompanying map volume (Volume 5).

In examining the project lists as indicated in Appendix C, it can be appreciated that there are a number of individual projects that are simply Phase 1 and Phase 2 of essentially the same project. For the purposes of the project prioritisation individual phases of the same project have been combined (except in the case where there is an existing/under construction system).

This reduces the overall list of 139 identified domestic wastewater projects to a little under 100 overall projects (96 in total). The total investment for these projects represents approximately 17 Billion RMB for an installed capacity of approximately 7.5 million m3/day. This when added to the existing/under construction capacity in the basin would raise the treatment capacity in the basin to a little under 10 million m3/day.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 101 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

9.1.2. PRIORITISATION OF PROJECTS

The previous section has described how a “long list” of potential projects has been identified on the basis of the review of existing plans and reports and the subsequent consultation with provincial authorities.

As can be seen in some cases there are a number of different interventions per community within each drainage basin. At this stage in the project, rather than evaluating/ranking each potential project individually, the prioritisation has focussed on the ranking of a set of interventions at the river basin level. The criteria for each project have been developed on the basis of the sum of the individual sub-projects. The selection of whether the project should involve one or more treatment plants would be the subject of more detailed project preparation TAs such as the ongoing Jilin Water Supply TA.

To prioritise this long list of interventions the following criteria set is proposed: • Volume of wastewater treated: this is the overall measure of pollution reduction for a particular project and is based simply on the capacity of the proposed facility/facilities; • Impact on downstream water resources: this measure is obtained from the use of the simplified water quality modelling tool described in Chapter 7 of this report. It takes into account the identified impact of the proposed facility on water abstractions downstream of the proposed facility; • COD load reduction: this criteria provides an overall measure of the contribution of the project to reducing organic load within the SRB (which has been identified as the priority pollutant). The measure is calculated on the basis of the reduction of COD load likely to be brought about by the proposed treatment process during the winter period (the “worst case”; • Priority Pollutant reduction: this criteria provides a measure of the likely contribution of the projects in reducing priority toxic pollution load. Given the paucity of existing information this criteria considers in a probabilistic manner the likely levels of toxic pollutants associated with certain industries. • Other pollutant reduction: this includes non priority pollutants particularly nutrients and bacteria. • Cost effectiveness (Average Incremental Cost): this measure integrates individual criteria including capital cost, operating cost and pollution load removal into a single measure of cost effectiveness expressed in terms of RMB/kg COD removal. • Implementation: this measure relates to the readiness for implementation of the project, in terms of its relative position in the planning process (project proposal, prefeasibility, feasibility, etc) and the availability of documents such as feasibility studies, environmental and social assessments, preliminary designs, etc. • Financial: this measure is based on the affordability of the project to the community within which it is situated. A simple measure has been taken of this as the ratio of the project capital cost to GDP for each community/industry.

Ranking of each project set is undertaken using the Logical Decisions Software. This software enables the sensitivity of the overall ranking of projects to be investigated simply, enabling the preferences of stakeholders to be included into the selection process.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 102 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 9-1: PROPOSED RANKING CRITERIA FOR WASTEWATER PROJECTS WITHIN THE SRB

Priority List of Projects 1. Volume Treated Goal Measure

2. COD Load Reduction Measure

3. Priority Pollutant Reduction Measure

4. Non Priority Pollutant Reduction Measure

5. Impact on downstream water resources Measure

6. Cost Effectiveness Measure

7. Readiness for Implementation Measure

8. Affordability Measure

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 103 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

The overall approach is illustrated in the following figure: • On the basis of the current situation (see Volume 2) and identified future socio- economic trends, a water use/pollutant loading rates model is used to estimate existing and future pollutant discharges and loading rates; Chapter 4 describes further this aspect of the project. • Regrouping of the long list of projects at the river basin level and an initial economic analysis of overall river basin scenarios in relation to water quality objectives; Chapter 5 examines and reports on the results of this analysis. • Thereafter, the impact of the long list of projects on water quality within the SRB is determined first using a water quality impact model based upon a simplified mass balance. An assessment at this stage is made whether the proposed set of projects is likely to improve sufficiently or not water quality within the basin. Chapter 6 describes in further detail the development and use of this model. On this basis other projects may also be identified as part of the long list. • The model is then used to determine the impact of the proposed projects. This measure together with the other calculated measures is used to prioritise the proposed projects. The prioritised list is divided up into three categories: – Urgent Projects – Priority Projects – Non-priority projects • The cut-off point between Priority and Non-Priority Projects is determined broadly on the basis of the pollution load reduction (in terms of COD) required to attain water quality objectives in the short term. • The impact of the priority list of interventions will be tested with the impact model to assess the overall impact of the initial priority list of interventions. At this stage a certain amount of iteration and adjustment will be necessary to develop a final list of priority projects/interventions required to attain proposed targets over the period 2005- 2010.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 104 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 9-2: APPROACH ADOPTED FOR PRIORITISATION OF PROJECTS

Water Use & Regroup at Existing Long List of Loading River Basin Conditions Projects Rate Model Level

Future Socio- Pollutant Pollutant Economic Existing Economic Loading Loading Economic Rates Rates Analysis of Protection Zones Development WQOs Baseline Future WQOs & WQOs Trends Conditions Conditions

Water Quality Impact Model

Without Selected With Selected Project Project

Base- 2010 & Base-Line 2010 & 2020 Line 2020

Impacts of Overall Baseline Ranking Criteria Selected Short List (Strategic Situation Projects ) Impact

y Volume Treated y COD Load Reduction y Priority Pollutants Decision Final List Prioritised y Non-Priority Pollutants Analysis of List y Impact on Water Model Projects Resources y Cost Effectiveness y Readiness y Affordability Project Selection Final List

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 105 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Three overall criteria have been used to parameterize the decision analysis model, namely: • Pollutant Load Removal • Water Resources Protection • Cost Effectiveness

9.1.2.1. POLLUTANT LOAD REMOVAL

For the purposes of the project prioritization the capacity of the proposed wastewater system has been used as a surrogate measure for pollutant load removal.

In most cases the proposed facilities are all secondary wastewater treatment facilities; however, dependent on the location of the plant in relation to the receiving water the discharge standard should vary in accordance with GB18918-2002.

The implications of this are that treatment systems discharging to water resources would have higher load removals; other projects such as the Beijiao Extension project in Changchun would have relatively lower load removals as only a part of the total load is treated to the secondary level by this plant.

9.1.2.2. WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION

All of the projects in the long list will contribute to pollution load removal in the Songhua River Basin as a whole and thereby to improving both the environment and water quality of the river basin.

The importance of the projects in relation to water resources protection has been parameterized on the basis of the following considerations: • Protection of the key water resources/water sources in the headwaters of the Songhua River Basin. This includes protection of the Songhua Lake, Changchun Xinlicheng and Shitoumen Reservoirs, the Nierji Reservoir (including the water resources of Daqing and Qiqihaer). Projects upstream of these sources have been given the highest mark in relation to this criteria. • Protection of the main water resource for Harbin (the Sifangtai Water Source on the Main Songhua River) and protection of the major nature reserves such as Zhaolong. Projects upstream of these sources have been given the second mark in relation to this criteria. • Protection of the SRB as a whole.

9.1.2.3. COST EFFECTIVENESS

The key data used for estimation of the average incremental cost for each project, the measure of cost effectiveness, were derived from a variety of sources as set out in the long list of potential projects. The analysis was limited to domestic wastewater treatment projects due to the lack of data for industrial projects. The three key items of data used were investment cost, operation and management (O&M) cost, and treatment capacity. No conversion of financial to economic costs was attempted since the available information was limited to aggregate values for investment costs and (O&M) costs to which a general conversion factor could have been applied but this would only result in a scalar difference.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 106 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Investment cost and treatment capacity came from four different sources, the consultant’s field surveys conducted in March and April 2005, the SEPA list of projects, the EPB list, and estimates from local specialists. Since some projects were in more than one list, and the consultant’s survey covered the listed projects, there was a need to select the most appropriate value to use for the analysis. Based on confidence in the accuracy of the information the decision sequence adopted was to select the consultant’s survey information if available, followed by the SEPA information and then the EPB information. If no information was available from any of these sources, the estimates of the local specialists were used. On this basis investment cost data were available for all 124 subprojects and treatment capacity for 122. The two subprojects for which no treatment capacity data were available were excluded from the estimates.

Treatment capacities were converted from daily to annual values on the assumption of 365 days operation per year. For the purposes of this analysis volume of wastewater treated was used as a proxy for the amount of COD removal. This is considered to be sufficiently accurate for the current purposes.

Annual O&M costs were available for only 36 of the projects based on the consultant’s surveys and other reports. In order to complete the analysis it was therefore necessary to obtain reasonable estimates of the likely O&M costs for the other 86 projects. The available data were first examined using two-way plots of the O&M cost against the daily treatment capacity, the investment cost, and the unit cost of the investment (expressed as cost in millions of Yuan per 10,000 tons daily capacity). The results are shown in Figures 7-2 to 7-4

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 107 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 9-3: SCATTER PLOT OF OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT COSTS COMPARED TO TREATMENT CAPACITY

2.00 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80

O&M Cost (Y/t) O&M Cost 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 0 10203040506070 Treatment Capacity (0000t/d)

FIGURE 9-4: SCATTER PLOT OF OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT COSTS COMPARED TO INVESTMENT COSTS

2.00

1.80

1.60

1.40

1.20

1.00

0.80 O&M Cost O&M (Y/t) 0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00 0 100 200 300 400 500 Investment cost (Y millions)

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 108 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 9-5: SCATTER PLOT OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS COMPARED TO INVESTMENT UNIT COST

2.00

1.80

1.60 1.40

1.20 1.00 0.80 O&M Cost (Y/t) Cost O&M 0.60

0.40

0.20 0.00 0 20406080100 Investment Unit Cost (Y million/0000t)

Figure 9-3 suggests that there is only an approximate relationship between O&M costs per ton and treatment capacity with some possible evidence of a frontier relationship showing decreasing costs with increasing capacity. However, data points tend to be clustered around treatment capacity values of less than 150,000 t/day with several plants having more-or-less standard capacities. The one exception is the Daqing Kulipao Oxidation Pond with a capacity of 600,000 t/day and an O&M cost of Y0.03/t, which involves a different and lower cost process.

Figure 9-4 again shows generally decreasing O&M costs per ton with increasing investment costs but as with Figure 9-3 it appears to be more of a frontier relationship, with many values below the frontier. The plot exhibits little evidence of a clear relationship between the two variables.

When investment costs and treatment capacity are combined into a single variable indicating the unit cost and this is compared to the O&M cost a clearer relationship emerges (Figure 9-5). As the investment unit cost increases, O&M costs also increase. However, the precise functional form is unclear and needed to be investigated further using regression analysis.

In order to investigate the relationships further the data were fitted to a range of functional forms using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis as estimated by Microsoft Excel. These were undertaken using the O&M cost as the dependent variable and treatment capacity or investment unit cost as the independent variable. The estimated equations (Table 9-1) were compared on the basis of significance of the coefficients and conformity of the coefficient signs to expectations. On this basis Equation 1 was eliminated from further consideration.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 109 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 9-1: RESULTS OF OLS REGRESSIONS FOR ESTIMATION OF O&M COSTS Equation Constant Independent Coeff. Of SE of F statistic variable determination Estimate Independent variable: Treatment capacity (0000t/d) 1 y = a + bx 0.46 -0.011 0.07 0.38 2.47 (0.08) (0.007) 2 y = a + b/x 0.017 1.24 0.50 0.28 33.60 (0.080) (0.21) 3 y = a + bx2/3 -0.056 0.56 0.12 0.37 4.44 (0.026) (0.10) 4 y = a + b.ln(x) 0.80 -0.28 0.30 0.33 14.72 (0.12) (0.07) Independent variable: Investment Unit Cost (Y million/0000t/day) 5 y = a + bx -0.12 0.017 0.59 0.26 47.95 (0.08) (0.003) 6 y = a + b.ln(x) -1.18 0.48 0.40 0.31 22.97 (0.33) (0.10) 7 ln(y) = a + b.ln(x) -5.19 1.19 0.45 0.68 28.30 (0.73) (0.22)

Note: Values in parenthesis are standard errors

The remaining six equations were used to estimate alternative values for the O&M Costs and the results examined to see if they conformed to expectations. In particular, it was considered necessary to ensure that the O&M costs for all projects were non-negative. Only two of the equations, numbers 2 and 7, were able to satisfy this requirement and both of these are functional forms that by definition cannot produce negative values. The number of negative values from the other equations varied from one for Equation 5 to six for Equation 4. Equations 2 and 7 were then compared on the basis of the significance of the coefficients and the spread of data points. This suggested that Equation 7 would be preferable for computation of the missing O&M values for inclusion in the estimation of the average incremental cost for each subproject.

Average incremental cost was estimated for each of the 122 projects for which sufficient data could be identified. For the purpose of this analysis, project implementation was assumed to require three years and operation to commence at the beginning of the fourth year. A project life of 20 years from completion of construction was assumed and the facility was assumed to be operating at 100 percent capacity throughout that period.

The net present value (NPV) of the 23-year cost stream was estimated for each of the projects. Similarly the benefits in terms of annual level of wastewater treatment were estimated and aggregated using the NPV. An annual discount rate of 12 percent was used for estimating the NPV. The average incremental cost was determined as the NPV of costs divided by the NPV of wastewater treated. Excluding the Qiqihar Sewage Collection Project, which has a very low investment cost, AICs ranged between 0.19 and 5.51.

9.1.3. PRIORITISED LIST OF POLLUTION INTERVENTIONS

The prioritization of the long list of pollution control interventions has been undertaken using the Logical Decisions software (a standard commercially available decision analysis software).

Output from the software includes a prioritized list of pollution control projects as indicated in the following figure. Sensitivity analysis has been undertaken and indicates broadly little change in the ranking of the projects.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 110 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

The different colours for each bar represent the contribution to the overall score obtained from each of the three variables discussed above. In general two types of projects have a high ranking: • Projects which are in the headwaters upstream of the major water resources. These are generally small projects, which may not have very large load reductions or through their nature are highly efficient; • Large projects in the major cities upstream of Harbin which have a high overall efficiency (as represented by the cost effectiveness parameter).

Projects discharging downstream of Harbin (including Harbin itself) are found to be ranked generally lower as the Songhua is generally not used as a drinking water resource downstream of Harbin.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 111 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 9-6: RANKING OF LONG LIST OF DOMESTIC POLLUTION CONTROL PROJECTS

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 112 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

9.1.4. IDENTIFICATION OF AN IMMEDIATE ACTION PLAN

The prioritized list presented above has been used to provide a guidance for a series of field visits to assess further these projects, particularly in relation to three further parameters: • Readiness for implementation • Willingness to participate • Ability to pay

Extensive field visits were conducted to the following sites during March and April, together with discussions with both the EA and the PIUs.

On the basis of these discussions and consideration of the above parameters a subset of approximately 30 individual projects has been identified to form an Immediate Action Plan. Summary sheets describing these projects are provided in AppendixD of this report.

Of this list financing has been tentatively identified for two projects: • First, it is proposed to partially finance the upgrading of the Changchun Beijiao WWTP and its associated network and the Nanjiao (Southern WWTP) as part of the ongoing Jilin Water Supply & Sewerage Development Project (TA 4227 PRC). However, it should be noted that this project does not include the full upgrading of the Beijiao plant to secondary WWTP (which has been assumed as part of the project ranking). • Second, it is understood that the Ne’he WWTP in the Nen Jiang will be financed through a PSP (BOT) venture.

The location of these priority projects has been illustrated on the following map in relation to the existing sub river basin organizations (RBOs), notably • The Nen Jiang RBO • The Huifa RBO • The Mudanjiang RBO • The Yinma RBO

It can be seen that in general the identified projects fall within these sub-basins except for some projects in the upstream of Fengman; it is suggested that as part of project implementation the remit of the Huifa RBO is extended to include other areas upstream of the Fengman Reservoir.

AS EXPLAINED PREVIOUSLY, THESE PROJECTS OFTEN CONSIST OF A PHASE 1 AND PHASE 2 PARTICULARLY IN RELATION TO TREATMENT CAPACITY. THE PROPOSED IMMEDIATE ACTION PLAN WOULD CONSIST OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PHASE 1 OF THESE PROJECTS (OR A PHASE 2 IN THE CASE OF CERTAIN PROJECTS IN JILIN CITY AND IN CHANGCHUN).

Table 9-2 provides a listing of these projects together with tentative identified costs (excluding contingencies and financial charges during implementation).

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 113 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 9-7: LOCATION OF PROPOSED DOMESTIC WASTEWATER INVESTMENTS AS PART OF THE SRB IMMEDIATE ACTION PLAN

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 114 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 9-2: DESCRIPTION OF “TOP 60” DOMESTIC WASTEWATER POLLUTION CONTROL PROJECTS

Cat River/Tribut Name of WWTP Location Treatment Investment chm ary Capacity ent Pr Co Se County/Cit 104 Total Cost Estimate(million ov. de cto y t/d Yuan) r LS EP SE PROP LS EPB SEPA PROP B PA OSED OSED

Sec Erdao J 01 D An'tu County WW Yanbian 2.0 2.00 45.6 45.61 ond bai A Treatment Project Prefecture 0 1 Son (Phase I) ghu a Songji J 02 D WW Fusong 1.5 1.50 36.0 36.00 ang A Treatment Project County(Ba 0 0 (Phase I) ishan City) Zhuzi J 3A D WW Jingyu 1.5 1.50 36.0 36.00 Treatment Project County(Ba 0 0 (Phase I) nshan City) Huifa J 04 D WW Liuhe 3.0 5.00 65.2 110.0 65.26 A Treatment Project County(To 0 6 0 (Phase I) nghua City) J 05 D WW Meihekou 5.0 11.00 120. 110.0 120.0 A Treatment Project City(Tong 0 00 0 0 (Phase I) hua City) J 06 D Liaoyuan 5.00 120.0 120.0 A WW Treatment City 0 0 Project (Phase I) J 07 D Huinan 4.0 5.00 90.2 110.0 90.28 A WWTP(Phase I) County(To 0 8 0 nghua City) J 08 D Huadian Huadian 5.0 3.00 120. 120.0 A WWTP(Phase I) County(Jili 0 00 0 n City) J 09 D WW Panshi 4.0 5.00 90.0 110.0 99.94 A Treatment Project County(Jili 0 0 0 (Phase I) n City) Jiao J 10 D Jiaohe WW Jiaohe 5.0 3.00 120. 60.37 A Treatment Project County(Jili 0 00 (Phase I) n City) Yitong J 11 D Yitong County WW Yitong 3.0 5.00 3.00 60.0 105.0 60.00 A Treatment Project County(Si 0 0 0 (Phase I) ping City) J 18 D Changchun Water 10.0 10.00 400.0 Environment Project 0 0 upstream Yitong river J 19 D Changchun Yanming Lake WW 15.0 15.00 305.6 305.6 Treatment Project 0 7 7 J 20 D Changchun Southlake Recharge 2.00 31.44 31.44 Project J 23 D Nong'an WW Nong'an 5.0 110. 120.0 120.0 A Treatment Project County 0 00 0 0 (Phase I) Yinma J 24 D Jiutai WW Treatment Jiutai 5.0 110. 110.0 A Project (Phase I) County(Ch 0 00 0

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 115 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

angchun City) J 25 D Dehui WW Treatment Dehui 5.0 110. 120.0 120.0 A Project (Phase I) County(Ch 0 00 0 0 angchun) J 29 D Jilin WW Treatment Project 60. 1240. 1240. (Phase II) 00 00 00 Nen Duobu H 31 D Jiagedaqi WW Mohe 8.0 3.00 103.4 103.4 kuli Treatment Project County(Da 0 0 0 xing'anling prefecture) Gan N 32 D Erlunchun Banner Erlunchun 2.00 1.50 47.12 48.58 Alihe Town WW Banner Treatment Project (Hulunber City) A'lun N 34 D A'rong Banner WW A'rong 1.5 1.3(0. 69.0 43.32 Treatment Project Banner(Hu 0 5 0 lunber recycli City) ng) Nermo H 35 D WWTP Nehe 2.7 4.00 101. 102.4 102.4 er County(Qi 4 80 0 0 qihar City) Yin H 36 D Gan'nan County WW Gan'nan 5.00 110.0 110.0 Treatment Project County( 0 0 Qiqihar City) Yalu H 40 D 5.0 110. 110.0 WWTP 0 00 0 Chao'e N 41 D Zhalaite Banner Xing'an 1.5(0.5 54.00 r Yinder Town WWTP League recycling) J 44 D Tao'nan WW Taonan 4.0 5.00 95.0 120.0 120.0 A Treatment Project County(Ba 0 0 0 0 (Phase I) icheng City) N 45 D Xing'an League Tuquan 2.00 1.6(0.5 46.90 51.83 Tuquan WW Network County( recycling) and WW Treatment Xing'an Project League) N 47 D Wulanhaote WW Xing'an 4.00 145.7 Treatment Plant League 1 Extension Project Huolin N 48 D Xing'an League Keyouz 2.00 1.3(0. 38.00 41.77 Keyouzhong Banner hong 5) Bayanhushu Town Banner( WW Treatment Xing'an Project League) N 49 D Huolinguole WW Huoling 5.00 1.0 recycling 80.00 80.00 Treatment Extension uole Project County( Tonglia o City) Mainst H 53 D Nenjiang County WW City 4.0 2.00 3.00 60.0 74.00 73.04 ream Treatment Project 0 0 N 55 D WW Treatment Hulunber 3.00 1.1(0.5 recycling) 42.30 37.88 Project in Nierji of Mo City Banner H 58 D Domestic WW Treatment Project 19. 10.00 786.1 197.8 in Qiqihar Urban Area(Phase 2) 84 7 7 H 59 D Fulaerji District 5.0 10.0 10.00 120. 210.8 230.0 WWTP 0 0 00 2 7 J 60 D Da'an WW Treatment Da'an 4.0 5.00 83.0 110.0 110.0 A Project (Phase I) County(So 0 0 0 0 ngyuan City)

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 116 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

H 62 D Daqing Kulipao 27.0 60.00 180.0 230.0 Oxidation Pond 0 0 0 Zhaola H 63 D WW Recycling Project in Eastern Daqing Urban 4.50 6.50 100.7 76.97 nxin Area 2 J 69 D Yushu WW Treatment Yushu City 5.0 5.00 110. 120.0 110.0 A Project (Phase I) 0 00 0 0 H 72 D Wuchang WWTP Wuchang 6.8 3.00 3.00 130. 139.7 139.7 County(Ha 5 00 9 9 rbin City) H 73 D Shuangcheng WWTP Shuangch 68. 5.00 130. 150.0 150.0 eng 49 00 0 0 County(Ha rbin City) A'shi H 75 D A'cheng WWTP Acheng 10. 5.00 5.00 150. 124.3 126.9 County(Ha 00 00 8 rbin City) Mudan H 77 D Dunhua WW Dunhua 5.0 120. 120.0 jiang A Treatment Project City 0 00 0 (Phase I) H 79 D Ning'an WWTP Ning'an 1.6 3.00 2.00 96.0 70.00 62.35 County(M 4 0 udanjiang City) H 80 D Mudanjiang WW Mudanjian 8.2 20.0 20.00 700. 719.3 709 Treatment Plant g City 2 0 00 1 (Phase II) Anban H 83 D Shuangya 8.2 18.0 250. 370.0 250.0 g WWTP (Phase I) shan City 2 0 00 0 0 Wuton H 90 D Domestic Hegang 12. 12.0 380. 300.0 300.0 g WW Treatment City 33 0 00 0 0 Project Mainst H 91 D Harbin Hejiagou Harbin 20. 40.00 500. 495.3 1106. ream WWTP City 00 00 5 25 H 97 D Jiamusi WW Jiamusi 10.0 120.0 120.0 Treatment Project 0 0 0 (Phase II) Nen Yalu N 14 N Zhalantun WW Zhalantun(Hulunuber 1.5 recycling 22.37 4 Network Extension League) and Wastewater Recycling Project Tao'er N 14 N Keryouqian Banner Keryouqian 0.60 47.75 5 Huanmei WWTP Banner Project

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 117 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 9-3: DESCRIPTION OF “TOP 60” DOMESTIC WASTEWATER POLLUTION CONTROL PROJECTS

Cat River/Trib Name of WWTP Location Treatment Capacity Investment ch utary me nt Pr Code County/C 104 t/d Total Cost ov ity Estimate(million Yuan) . LS EP SE PRO LS EPB SEP PRO B PA POS A POS ED ED J 12 D Siping 5.0 120.0 120. Dangjia Town WW City 0 0 00 Treatment Project J 16 D Changchun Southeastern WW 10. 300. 292.6 Treatment Project (Phase I) 00 00 7 J 17 D Changchun Western Suburb 5.0 190. 191.8 190. WW Recycling Project 0 00 7 00 J 21 D Auto Industrial Park WW Treatment 5.0 120.0 120. Project in Changchun Hi-technology 0 0 00 Development Zone J 22 D Residential and Public Services Zone WW 10.0 250.0 250. Treatment Project in Changchun Hi-technology 0 0 00 Development Zone Mains J 26 D Yongji County Kouqian 3.0 3.00 66.0 68.2 tream A WW Treatment Town(Jili 0 0 9 Project (Phase I) n City) J 27 D Jilin Economic Jilin City 5.0 6.00 120.0 121. Tech. 0 0 19 Development Zone WW Treatment Project J 28 D Jilin Beidahu WW Treatment Project 0.50 0.50 18.50 18.5 0 J 30 D Songyuan Jiangbei Songyua 5.0 5.00 105. 120.0 105.0 A WW Treatment n City 0 00 0 0 Project (Phase I) N 33 D Erlunchun Banner Erlunchun Banner (Hulunber 1.5(0.5 recycling) 48.5 Alihe Town WW City) 8 Treatment Project Wuyu H 37 D Yi'an County Yi'an 2.0 100. 100. er WWTP County( 0 00 00 Qiqihar City) H 38 D Qiqihar 1.0 52.4 52.4 WWTP City 0 6 6 H 39 D 1.0 64.2 64.2 WWTP 0 4 4 Tao'e J 42 D Zhenlai 3.0 5.0 68.0 120.0 68.0 r A WW Treatment County(B 0 0 0 0 0 Project (Phase I) aicheng City) J 43 D Baicheng WW Baicheng 5.0 5.00 113. 112.6 124. A Treatment Project City 0 00 5 66 (Phase I) J 50 D Songyuan City 5.0 120.0 120. WW Treatment 0 0 00 Project J 51 D Qian'an County WW Treatment Project 5.00 120.0 120. 0 00

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 118 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

J 52 D Baicheng City 5.0 1.50 120.0 50.0 A WW Treatment 0 0 8 Project (Phase I) H 57 D Upgrading Project on Associated Facilities of Qiqihar Urban Domestic WWTP 65.0 0

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 119 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

9.2. INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER

Of the 61 projects initially included in pollution control plans, investigations by the Consultant indicated that a number were no longer required. Often this was due to the closure or relocation of factory units rather than the effect of environmental regulations. It was noted, particularly in the case of a large number of SOEs that in spite of the actions of the environmental agencies, there remain a large number of “persistent polluters”.

It was additionally noted that the traditional « Command & Control » or « Regulation Based Approach » had not directly achieved the desired results of controlling industrial pollution in the basin.

Three key actions have been proposed as part of the Strategic Plan for the SRB, namely: • The development of a “revolving fund” to assist key enterprises/SOEs. It is proposed to that a series of existing enterprises could serve as “model case studies” for the SRB • The promotion of clean production principles and the circular economy within the river basin; • The dissemination and publication of results with regard to IPC on a web-site open to the general public; enterprises would be encouraged to comply with their environmental obligations through the award of “environmental medals”; non compliant enterprises would receive “black marks”. Such approaches could build upon similar highly successful approaches developed recently in Indonesia and the Philippines. • Government should promote the systematic implementation of EMS among the industry by: – Setting-up actions to boost the interest of industries for ISO 14001: awareness program through advertising and workshops, financial incentive/disincentives, restrictive access/facilitation to certain Government Procurements, etc. – Developing tools for EMS development and implementation: industries must find the required human resources to contract for EMS preparation, certification and audit; Government should promote the training of resources and the development of accredited personnel to answer the industry demand.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 120 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 9-4: LIST OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL PROJECTS Cod Basin River Prov. No. Project Name Capacity Investment e 104 t/d Million Y J 1 102 Meihekou Brewery WW Treatment Project 3.00 J 2 103 Meihekou Haishan Paper Making Company WWTP 0.45 J 3 104 Huinan Paper Mill WW Treatment Project 1.00 Huifa J 4 105 WW Recycling Project in Mineral Selecting Plant of Jilin Nickel Industrial Company 0.55 20.00 J 5 106 WW Treatment Project of Minggang Mineral Industry Co. in Huadian 1.60 J 6 107 Alcoholic fermentation WW Recycling of Alcohol Factory in Yitong County 2.80 WW Treatment Project in Medical Garden of Changchun Hi-Tech Development J 7 108 30 Zone 0.36

Yitong J 8 109 Jilin Prov. Fenghua Paper Mill WW Treatment Project 0.30 J 9 110 WW Treatment Plant and Water Recycling Project in Jilin Deda Co., Ltd 0.30 0.63 J 10 111 Shuangyang Xinlong Chemi-industrial Plant WW Treatment Project 2.60 Second Songhua a

Yinm J 11 112 Shuangyang Paper Mill WW Treatment Project 3.30 J 12 113 WWTP of newly Built Vanillin Project in Jilin Chemical Industrial Company 0.38 40.00 WW Treatment Membrane Process and Recycling Project in Jilin Chemical Fiber J 13 114 29.92 Industrial Company in Jilin Prov. 0.38 Rebuilding of WW Pretreatment System in WWTP of Jilin Chemical Industrial

Mainstream J 14 115 0.36 Company 5.48 N 15 116 Lantian Sugar Mill wastewater treatment project 0.81 26.26 N 16 117 Zhalantun Yili Diary Industry Company wastewater treatment project 0.1 N 17 118 Jiulong Xing'an Paper Co., Ltd WW Treatment Project in IMAR 3.33 5.08 Yalu N 18 119 Hulunbeier Zhalatun Industrial WW Treatment and Cleaning Production Project 4.93 120.00 Wuyuer H 19 120 Yi'an County Sugar Refinery WWTP 0.14 40 H 20 121 HLJ Sida Paper-making Co., Ltd. Integrated Environmental Treatment Project 0.02 121.53 M m ea str ain Nen H 21 122 Qiqihar Hong'guang Sugar Refinery WW Treatment Project 0.40 10.9 Chao'er N 22 123 WW Treatment Project of Xing'an League Zhalaite Banner Brewery Co. 0.27 34 Water N 23 124 Kerqin Wine Co., Ltd WW Recycling Project savings 0.85 Tao'er 100000t/a

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 121 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

N 24 125 Tuquan County Paper Mill Co.,Ltd WWTP 20.03 N 25 126 Tuquan County Lianhuashan Copper Mine WWTP 2 J 26 127 Baicheng Paper Mill 75t Alkali Recycle Project 29.94 J 27 128 Tao'nan WW Reuse and Ecological Restoration Project 2.00 35.00 Huolin N 28 129 Huolinguole Xingfa Company WW Treatment Project 0.27 1617 H 29 130 Mudanjiang Hengfeng Papermaking Company wastewater treatment plant 1.23 1819

g H 30 131 Mudanjiang Pharmaceutical Factory wastewater treatment plant 0.41 20

Mudanjian H 31 132 Mudanjiang Chaihe Limber wastewater treatment plant 2.00 4.5 Woken H 32 133 Flax Mill wastewater treatment project 0.04 2.80 H 33 134 Paper Mill Oxidation Pond Extension 0.41 18 ng

Anba H 34 135 Jixian Mine Water Recycling and Extension Project 2.05 15 H 35 136 Yichhun Youhao Timber Mill Plant wastewater treatment project 0.25 14 H 36 137 Yichun Brewery WW Treatment Project 0.04 3.65 Main Songhua

Tangwang H 37 138 Yichun Nancha Hydrolyzed Plant WW Treatment Project 0.08 6.00 H 38 139 Harbin No. 2 Chemical Industrial Factory treatment and recycling project 1.50 22.73 H 39 140 Harbin Dong Light Industry Deeper Treatment and Recycling Project 0.60 26.22 H 40 141 Heilong Pesticide WWTP 0.04 6.573 H 41 142 Dongfang Sugar Co., Ltd. wastewater treatment reconstruction project 1 mil t/a 20 Mainstream Cyanide Effluent Treatment and Integrated Utilization in Dongfengshan Cyanide H 42 143 5.00 Carbon Plant in 0.01 Note: Code no. is from Long list (Appendix C) Jilin: 16 HlJ: 17 IMAR: 9 Total: 42 Capacity and Investment data are selected in the sequence: 1. Survey. 2. SEPA, 3. EPB then LS.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 122 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

9.2.1. CLEAN PRODUCTION

9.2.1.1. THE SITUATION OF THE SONGHUA RIVER BASIN CLEAN PRODUCTION

Water pollution control management and ecological construction are an important support for northeast old industrial base revitalization strategy. During the Eleventh Five Years, Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region should strengthen further the extension of the Songhua River Basin clean production to increase the efficiency of resource use and decrease the generation and emission of toxic and hazardous substances. Promoting transition to pollution source prevention and production process control from end treatment is able to carry out the double wins of economic and environmental benefits. The Songhua River Basin is Chinese old industrial base, and in recent half a century, water pollution control far lagged behind social and economic development. Currently, China is implementing northeast old industrial base revitalization strategy, the progresses of industrialization and urbanization are speeding up, seriously polluting industries have yet continue to develop, the controls of pollution and ecological destruction will be more difficult, and water quality and pollution control will face more and more threats and challenges. In the same time, northeast old industrial base revitalization mainly focuses on the structural adjustment of industries and upgrading the producer’s technological level, this also provides a good chance for the promotion of clean production.

Clean production is a new strategy for Chinese environmental protection. In virtue of relevant theories and technologies, prevention measures is adopted in each stage of the product life- cycle, through the combination of the technologies and processes of production, managements, products and etc. with the elements of materials, water and energy flows and information, operation scheme are optimized, as a result, the minimum uses of resource and energy, minimum environmental affects, optimal management model and optimizing economic growth level are carried out. Environment is regarded as economic carrier. Good environment is able to provide essential resources and energy for social and economic activities and is basic condition of sustainable social and economic development. Clean production is able to radically modify old passive and lagging means of pollution treatment, stresses that pollution should be exactly cut down before producing. That is to say, reducing pollutants generation and negative environmental affects take place in products, their production process and services. Many domestic and overseas practices prove the initiative action of clean production has the enterprise-accepted effects of high efficiency and benefits. As a result, the implementation of clean production is an effective means of pollution control in the Songhua River Basin. The implementation of clean production is able to greatly mitigate the burdens of end pollution treatment and radically discards improper practice, mitigates or eliminates the generation and emission of toxic and hazardous substances. In this way, clean production not only mitigates construction investment of end treatment installations, but also decreases routine operation costs of producers. Clean production is a systemic engineering. on the one hand, clean production advocates carrying out energy-saving, consumption reduction, pollution reduction and benefit increase through technological, and equipment innovation, waste recycle use and etc, and accordingly decrease production costs, and increase synthetical benefits; on the another hand, it emphasizes to upgrade producer’s management level and boost all staff’s performances in the aspects of economic view, environmental awareness, participant management awareness, technological level, professional morality. During the Eleventh Five Years, combined with northeast old Industrial base reconstruction, structural adjustment of Industries, and technological advancement of producers, developing the standards and guides and researches of clean production, realizing the targets of saving energy, increasing the efficiency of resource use, decreasing the generation and emission of toxic and hazardous substances, increasing synthetical utilization rate of waste, promoting industrial pollutants emission all reach the standards, carrying out friendly unification of social, economic and environmental benefits are plan to take place. EPBs of three provinces/ Autonomous Region

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 123 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

started to promote clean production activities in the middle of 1990s and achieved some performances. Local governments successively developed the plans and schemes of clean production, chose more than 45 producers of electric power, petrol-chemical, agricultural byproduct, automobile and pharmacy as the pilot and demonstration of clean production, and in the same time unfolded clean production audit. EPBs of three provinces/Autonomous Region asked the feasibility and environmental impact assessment statements of new and reconstructive projects have the analysis and elucidation of clean production.

9.2.1.2. MAIN EXISTING ISSUES OF CLEAN PRODUCTION IN THE SONGHUA RIVER BASIN

Lack of systems of laws, regulations and policies on clean production

Clean production management had only elementary structure, did not form popularization at producer level. Existing clean production is only a technological measures for pollution control, and its implementation lacks the sufficient supports of policy, law, regulation and funds, if only relying on voluntary action of producers, the extension of clean production would be very difficult in current status. Currently, China just carries out mandatory clean production audit to producers that generate and emit toxic and hazardous substances exceeding national standards, and in the same time also should conducts the management of consulting and audit service agencies.

Weak clean production awareness of producer

About ten years’ extension, propaganda, and practices make the public and producers increase the some cognition of clean production, governments at different levels recognize the importance of clean production, but all the stakeholders have not yet taken active actions, especially many middle and small-sized/ poor benefit producers have lacked yet the awareness of clean production and the poor capacity of clean production audit has also taken place.

Lack of essential funds for clean production

Producers embody clean production, but local governments at different levels should lead, promote producers to conduct clean production, especially clean production audit is a key of clean production implementation. Clean production is systemic technical activities, need governments to help producers to conduct train to increase the self-audit abilities of produces. Because the outlays of audit were placed in productive cost, this reduces producer enthusiasm for clean production. Currently, there has been not special funds support clean production audit and financing mechanism is not clear, this is not very benefit the promotion of clean production.

Lack of systemic Criterions on clean production

The technologies of clean production are a guarantee of clean production implementation. At present, the industrial criterions on clean production have been not yet systemic, and this results in difficulties in auditing, checking and accepting clean production.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 124 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

9.2.1.3. SUGGESTIONS ON THE PROMOTION OF CLEAN PRODUCTION

Strengthening propaganda and training of cleaning production

Propaganda and training of clean production should be strengthened further to make stakeholders pay high attention on clean production. During the Eleventh Five Years, the audit training of clean production should be conducted in about 1200 enterprises of key Industries- petrol-chemical, pharmacy, foodstuff, papermaking, constructive materials, machinery and excavation of three provinces/Autonomous Region. The leaders of local governments and producers also like this to let them know knowledge of clean production and their responsibilities.

Establishment of technological system of clean production

Three provincial EPBs, along with the agencies of scientific research and consulting service conduct audit and technological trainings on clean production. Local EPBs should develop strategy to promote clean production, clarify the local government and producer responsibilities of promoting clean production. Local EPBs should strengthen mandatory audit of clean production, promulgate the name list of producers who generate and emit toxic and hazardous substances, and guide producers to conduct clean production. The demonstration and extension of clean production should be continued to make more producers become environmentally friendly enterprises.

Responsibilities of local EPBs

Local EPBs should fulfill relevant responsibilities according to the provisions of Clean Production Promotion Law, develop relevant implementation rules, and supervise producers to carry out clean production audit, review audit performances to upgrade the audit quality of clean production. Local EPBs carried out pollution emission license should regard the audit results of and adopted technological status of clean production as the bases of checking permissible pollution load of producer emission. Local EPBs should ask new and reconstructive producers to adopt clean production technologies, and the producers asked to manage within given time also must implement clean production.

Establishment and improvement of local regulation system

On the base of National Clean Production Promotion Law, three provincial Clean Production Audit Management Provisions, Clean Production Audit Authority Management Provisions, Check and acceptance Management Provisions of Clean Production Audit should be established and promulgated to provide the tools for the implementation of clean production.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 125 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

9.3. RIVER HEAD PROTECTION PROJECTS

9.3.1. DISCUSSION OF PROPOSED PROJECTS

9.3.1.1. SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION PLANNING REPORT

The “Songhua River Basin Water Resources Protection Planning Report” identifies the lack of a comprehensive survey of non-point source pollution and indicates that the concerned department should undertake an integrated study of soil and water protection, ecological supervision and farm management, and construction of ecological agriculture, etc. This study should identify the means to reduce gradually water body pollution through reduction of non- point pollution sources, a key means to achieving water function targets.

9.3.1.2. TENTH “FIVE-YEAR PLANNING” AND 2015 PLANNING FOR WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN THE SRB

In the absence of such a study the ‘Tenth “Five-Year Planning” and 2015 Planning for Water Pollution Prevention and Control in the SRB’ provides a list of seven ecological environmental construction projects that were planned for completion in 2005 and a further two that are planned for completion by 2015. These two latter projects (costing a total of CNY2.0 billion represent the second stage of two projects, costing a similar amount, that were planned for completion in 2005. Whether all of these projects are for head water treatment is difficult to discern from the available information since some refer either wetland or river bank protection, and the four projects noted above, which represent over 70% of the total expenditure, are specifically for returning farmland to grassland and forestland on a total of over 2 million mu.

In addition to returning farmland to grassland and forestland, which clearly is allocated the major part of the funds, the proposed projects contain components for forest protection, rare animal and plant protection, environmental protection, water and soil loss prevention (including along river banks), wastewater and garbage treatment plants, and town resettlement. Although the report recognizes that the average fertilizer use in the Jilin part of the SRB is 45.1 kg/mu (equivalent to 677 kg/ha), well above the world average, and that agricultural fertilizer utilization rate is only 30-35%, no attempt has been made to formulate projects that would result in more efficient fertilizer use and reduced application rates. Possible options that should be considered include the development and promotion of Improved/Best Management Practices including improved timeliness and increased accuracy of fertilizer application, and adaptation of the application rate to the stage of plant growth. In addition to cost savings of such technologies, mechanisms may need to be formulated to encourage farmers to adopt improved practices, including changes to fertilizer price policy, rather than the traditional command approach. While not considered anywhere improved livestock production systems are likely to offer opportunities for reduction of non-point source pollution.

9.3.1.3. 11TH “FIVE-YEAR” PLAN OF SRB WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE

According to the ‘11th “Five-Year” Plan of SRB Water Pollution Control in Heilongjiang Province’ the urban drinking water sources sites of Harbin, Qiqihar, Mudanjiang, and Jiamusi are of Class IV water quality, while pollution in the Harbin Sifangtai water source is reported as “serious.” Restoration of all of these sources to their designated function is expected to be extremely arduous.

The ecological environment of the SRB is considered to be destroyed: forest vegetation is in sharp decline, grasslands are suffering from serious degeneration, and soil erosion is increasing yearly. High levels of residual agricultural chemicals are retained in the soil, chemical

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 126 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

fertilizers enter the Songhua River along with the surface runoff, and this results in pollution of the rivers.

In the 11th five-year plan sets out priority projects for drinking water protection, head water quality protection, city wastewater treatment plants, industrial pollution treatment, ecological environment protection, urban solid waste processing, and monitoring. Among these projects: • Two projects with a total cost of CNY864 million are proposed for protecting the source of drinking water, one for Harbin and the other for Mudanjiang. These both comprise a mixture of investments in ecological agriculture development, vegetative protection of river banks, soil and water conservation, etc. • Three projects are proposed for protecting and improving the headwaters of the Nen River at a total cost of CNY332 million. One is a city wastewater treatment project costing CNY203 million, and the other two are ecology protection projects, including the protection of wetland nature reserves. • Twenty-five ecological environment protection projects with a total value of CNY3.1 billion are proposed. These involved 16 cities/counties. Projects include soil and water conservation, return of agricultural land to forest and grassland, restoration of wetlands and construction of artificial wetlands, protective forest development, and renovation of small basin ecological environment.

9.3.1.4. NEN RIVER HEAD ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION

The Inner Mongolia part of the Nen River basin is the head water region of the Nen River. Specific attention should therefore be given to water quality protection, defining higher water quality objectives, and implementing strict protection measures. At present, this region has a sound protection foundation based on high vegetation cover, good ecological environment, and relatively lower artificial pollution of the water body. To protect the urban, industrial and agricultural water use needs, as well as the ecological security of the lower stream in the Song- Nen plain, it is proposed to establish Nen River water source head water ecological function protection in the Daxing’an range part of the upper watershed.

In order to protect the ecological environment of the water source area, the national and regional governments have carried out a series of ecological projects in the region including natural forest protection, returning agricultural land to forest, and public benefit forest construction. However, given the severe climatic conditions and fragile ecological system in the area, protection of the head water region is essential for the entire basin. The above projects cannot satisfy the needs of head water protection with respect to the scale, scope and area involved. Consequently, there is a need to establish a broader basis for Nen River head water ecological protection, formulate integrated regional head water ecological protection and pollution control plan, formulate protection regulations, and to ensure its implementation by stricter measures.

Protection of water quality in the head waters of the river system involves environmental protection, forest, water resources, agriculture, etc. including cultivation and development of ecological construction, industrial adjustment and replacement, partial resettlement and strengthened management, establishment policy accordingly of ecology and resources compensation. To date there is no experience in China with such projects that are highly complex and sensitive. To be successful there would need the intensive and comprehensive investigations to develop a viable model, and this would need coordination by levels of government higher than provincial.

The Municipal Environment Bureau took water function protection of the head waters into consideration when compiling local regional water function zoning draft in 2003, and has classified source head part of each river into class II. According to the draft plan, the Nen River source head ecological protectorate covers 54,600 km2, in which are located 6 villages and towns with a population of nearly 80,000. There are 10 villages and towns in the jurisdiction area with a population of approximately 230,000. The main economic activity is forestry with five

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 127 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

forestry bureaus in the region, of which three belong to Inner Mongolia Forest Industry Group and two to Hulunbeir City Forest Management Bureau. There are five forestry bureaus in the logging region, of which four belong to the Inner Mongolia Forest Industry Group and one to Hulunbeir Municipal Forest Management Bureau.

In view of the important role of the Nen River head waters for the protection of basin water quality and water pollution management, this proposed plan should be developed as a high priority project with preliminary work to be initiated as soon as possible.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 128 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

9.4. NON POINT POLLUTION SOURCES

As discussed in the Chapter 7 of the Situation Analysis Report, non point sources of pollution are generally associated with agriculture, either from livestock or arable farming.

Pollutants of particular concern with regard to agriculture are nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) arising from the application of both mineral and organic fertilizers, toxic pollution arising from the application of pesticides and toxic pollution (heavy metals in particular) arising from the application again of fertilizers.

As discussed in Chapter 4 in regard to the loading rate model, the prediction of future levels of nutrients in particular from agricultural sources has been extremely difficult to estimate. This is in part due to a paucity of reliable information and monitoring in relation to non point sources. Improvements in this area relate to improvements in both monitoring and the systematic analysis of pollutant behaviour through modelling approaches.

All strategic plans reviewed (see Chapter 2) propose a reduction of non point source pollutant inputs in the SRB due to a reduction in the use of fertilizers and pesticides without detailing how such reductions can be brought about. Such reductions may be no more than “wishful thinking” given that agricultural activities and output are most likely to intensify. Indeed as discussed in Chapter 2 a specific policy of the North East Revitalization Policies is to increase agricultural yield and output.

This section therefore proposes a number of measures to bring about real reductions of the agricultural load of pollutants.

9.4.1. NUTRIENTS

Nutrients surplus (that is the difference between nutrients applied to the soil and that absorbed by the agricultural product) are commonly seen as the main cause of eutrophication in surface waters.

Soil erosion is an important pathway by which nutrients (and other agricultural sources of pollution) enter surface waters; root crops such as sugar beet, beetroot and grain crops such as corn and wheat are known to favour in particular soil erosion. Particular attention should therefore be paid in such areas to limit soil erosion.

In the SRB eutrophication is of particular importance in the upstream reservoirs (such as Fengman and potentially in the future Nierji).

In examining approaches to controlling non point sources from agriculture three major sets of measures can be considered: • Educational Measures to persuade farmers to adopt best practices; • Regulatory Measures influencing the type and utilisation of fertilizers and pesticides; • Economic Measures to limit the excess use of fertilizers and pesticides.

Education measures consist typically of Codes of Good or Best Practice in relation to the application of fertilizers and pesticides. However the application of such a measure requires sufficient staff to educate farmers and also monitoring and follow-up of the application of the best practice.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 129 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Legislative and regulatory measures have typically in the past (eg the European Union Nitrate Directive) have lead to the reduction of the application of nitrogen based fertilizers without necessarily impacting overall nutrient levels in surface waters nor eutrophication levels in lakes and reservoirs. It is now generally accepted that it is not the absolute level of nutrient application that should be targeted by such measures but the “nutrient surplus”. It is well known that the nutrient surplus is generally higher with livestock rather than arable farms. Therefore, measures introduced to target the former should be encouraged such as: • Zoning of areas to limit “nutrient surplus” in particularly sensitive zones; • Introduction of maximum limits of the application of nutrients per hectare; • Measures to reduce livestock density such as best practice, taxation, etc.

9.4.2. IMMEDIATE ACTION PLAN

As discussed the goal of the strategy is to target initially those “sensitive” areas most likely to suffer from eutrophication while reducing overall levels of nutrients and pesticides in the SRB.

In terms of nutrients, the major lakes and reservoirs of the SRB are clearly sensitive to eutrophication. As discussed in Chapter 7 of the Situation Analysis Report, many reservoirs such as Fengman are suffering from eutrophication.

The strategy therefore advocates the definition of “protection areas” where the measures discussed above should be applied as a priority. Four zones can be immediately defined for particular attention: • Upstream of the Fengman Reservoir; • Upstream of the Nierji Reservoir; • Upstream of the Mopanshan Reservoir; • Upstream of the reservoirs on the Mudanjiang. .

Measures should be taken to limit the development of livestock farming in these zones and/or introduce best practices and encourage the transformation of these headwater areas to either arable or forest lands. In the former context, this should also be associated with measures designed to combat soil erosion (introduction of buffer zones and good agricultural practices) and reduce pesticide inputs in the “sensitive zones”.

The investigation, assessment and treatment to non-point source pollution are still in the early stage at this . No matured treatment technologies for non-point source pollution exiting because of the definitely periodical and unstable nature of this pollution. In the period of “11th Five-Year Planning”, the treatment of non-point source pollution is mainly focusing on policy guidelines and pilot experiments.

9.4.3. GUIDELINES FOR THE TREATMENT OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION

Non-point source pollution is impacted by several factors with ambiguous evolving mechanisms, thus exerting high difficulty to its treatment and control. Many aspects involves in the control process of non-point source pollution such as policies, management technologies, marketing adjustment and cooperation of farmers, together with the limited factor of un-substituted nature of fertilizer and pesticide. Anyway, the treatment of non-point source pollution should adopt the following points as the overall objectives and general guidelines: • Income growth and poverty reduction in rural areas; • Integrated rural environment management planning;

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 130 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

• Introducing the concept of Environment Impact Assessment into the agricultural planning system; • Applying the concept of the circular economy to agriculture.

9.4.4. COUNTERMEASURES TO NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION

Although the following recommendations are listed separately, they should be formulated and implemented as mutually and interactively supporting actions.

9.4.4.1. POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORM

(a) Establish appropriate grain security policies to promote the control of non-point source pollution. It should integrate food self-sufficiency and environmental objectives, and ensure action consistency of different key Ministries involved. The strategy should consider the food security, Non-point source pollution and other environmental implications and guarantee grain self-sufficiency to be no less than 90 per cent.

(b) Establish financing polices for rural wastewater treatment plants. It should also recognize that measures to control non-point source pollution from crop and agricultural production will not alone be sufficient to prevent eutrophication. Urgent action is also needed to control pollution discharge from village and town sewage as well as the wastes from intensive livestock enterprises. But, it is difficult to establish waste treatment facilities in rural areas in China because of the lack of finance. Consequently it is necessary to develop polices and institutional mechanisms for the financing of sewage and waste treatment facilities in rural.

(c) Urgent action is required to improve the advisory services support to farmers on raising the efficiency of fertilizer and manure use, and reducing the negative environmental impacts of these inputs. The actions should include: (i) removing the dependence of extension worker incomes on the sale of fertilizer and pesticides; (ii) introducing a certification system to improve the skills of public and private extension workers; (iii) giving farmers the legal right together with financial and technical support to group together to form voluntary, independent farmers associations to improve their access to good extension services or even employ their own extension workers; (iv) widen training approaches for farmers; and (v) raising the environmental awareness of all extension workers. All of the above actions need both financial and political commitments by government, such as increased investment in rural education, health and extension services on environmentally sound and affordable technologies appropriate for small farmers.

(d) Improve environmental assessment system through (i) establishing monitoring stations in key areas to measure risks to human and environmental health from the accumulation of residues from fertilizers, livestock manures and pesticides in soils, rivers, lakes and groundwater aquifers; (ii) conducting surveys to improve the assessment of the current Npp problem so to provide sufficient basis for policy priorities and integrated management for Npp control; (iii) introducing agricultural EIA performance indicators into local government reporting requirements; (iv) All the intensive livestock breeding farms should be periodically monitored to guarantee discharge within relative standards, navigated river section and tourist places should also be monitored periodically to control tourism-pollution.

9.4.4.2. LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT

(a) New fertilizer and pesticide laws and regulations should be drawn up. These should encourage the production and use of chemical fertilizers and manure in ways that reduce Non- point source pollution, for example by: (i) setting higher quality standards for agro-chemicals and organic manures to limit the content of harmful contaminants or residues; (ii) establishing Good Farming Practices regarding the dosage, timing and method of application of fertilizers, pesticides and livestock manures to crops.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 131 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

(b) Stronger controls and incentives for waste discharges and recycling. The initial priority is regarding the discharge of wastes from intensive livestock in to waterways and the recycling of animal manure and human sewage. A feasibility study should be launched to examine whether it is possible to achieve greater recycling of animal manure and human sewage because most of it is currently wasted, and contributes to both point source and non-point source pollution. The study should examine economic as well as a physical and technical constraints and opportunities for recycling at the enterprise, village and regional level and applying the concept of the circular economy to agriculture.

(c) Suggest local governments set up special departments to manage rural inhabitant environment, to control and treat rural domestic wastewater, solid garbage and surface runoff.

9.4.4.3. TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENT

The environmental safety from non-point source pollution should be improved by the following mutually supporting actions in technical aspect.

(a) There should be a national campaign to promote the use of the proven technological measures that lower Npp. Such measures include : optimizing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application using existing recommended technologies; reducing the use of ammonium bicarbonate fertilizers; balanced fertilizer applications tailored to specific soil nutrient (including micronutrients) deficiencies, and cropping systems; deep placement of commercial fertilizers, the use of slow release fertilizers and other forms of precision agriculture; adoption of drip irrigation to raise both water and fertilizer use efficiency; encouraging the use of manures with improved management of the level and timing of manure applications; adoption of no-till and other conservation farming techniques to reduce phosphate and pesticide losses on eroded soil particles; and use of catch or cover crops and buffer strips or diversion drains to capture lost nutrients in natural vegetation or harvestable crops.

(b) Develop new technologies for Npp control and the improvement of existing ones. Launching pilot studies on the optimal practices for Npp control. These studies should draw on the experience of SEPA and the MOA in developing environment friendly farming practices and could use the already established eco-counties or model villages as pilot areas for revised Npp control policies and practices.

(c) Efforts are urgently needed at all levels to increase public awareness of the causes and consequences of Npp from crop production. Many people know that pesticides cause pollution but are unaware of the pollution caused by fertilizers. These efforts need to be well-balanced and carry the message that the correct use of chemical fertilizers, manures and pesticides can achieve both environmental and economic objectives and provide consumers with safe and affordable food.

(d) Build Green Ecological Corridor. Protect the ecological environment of Songhua River, Nen River head water area and other drinkable water sources. Keep on the policies of “return cultivated farm to forest land”; protect the natural forest and grass land. Build green ecological corridors between Songhua River Branches and mainstream to increase ecological connections and to reduce soil loss, and reduce the fertilizer amount which flowed into river.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 132 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

9.4.5. MONITORING & ASSESSMENT

Effective pollution control is hampered by a lack of monitoring capability, especially in relation to point source monitoring. As of yet few detailed plans are available concerning this aspect; these should be developed as part of the proposed expanded role of the EPBs in the river basin.

The consultant has received a series of plans for extending ambient water quality monitoring systems; improvements in ambient monitoring should come about by a rationalization of the existing monitoring and assessment practices and an extension of the range of parameters monitored as described below. • Full data sharing between Water Quality and Water Resources monitoring agencies is the first and compulsory step towards improvement of the observed situation. • The creation of a Water Information Center concentrating and storing all monitoring results is a crucial measure to make this information accessible to all agencies involved in Water Quality Management. • Strengthening of cooperation between Water Quality monitoring agencies is required in order a) to optimize water quality monitoring networks and thus reduce the number of sections and to improve section distribution in SRB, b) to optimize role and equipment of laboratories, c) to establish unique Water Quality monitoring planning documentation (a first step already done with a unique functional zoning). • The capability of key stations (such as Tongjiang for example) must be improved and upgraded in terms of comprehensiveness of parameters monitored and of international standards for acceptability and reliability. • Capabilities for monitoring of organic pollutants on a routine basis should be developed in the Songhua river, mainly for micro-organic pollutants. This is also related to the optimization of role and equipment of laboratories. • Improved assessment methods of water quality should be introduced, based on a broader set of parameters; • Integration of water quality assessment, functional zoning, water quality objectives and planning is required at the river basin level; this integration should be fed back into provincial level practices.

9.4.6. TECHNICAL STUDIES & CAPACITY BUILDING

9.4.6.1. TECHNICAL STUDIES & MONITORING

The situation analysis report revealed a number of gaps in existing knowledge and pointed to a number of potential studies, notably: • Further study and the development of routine monitoring systems for micro-pollutants and toxic pollutants in the SRB; • Studies concerning nutrients upstream of the Fengman and Nierji reservoirs; • Extension of the water quality classification system to consider more classes of pollutants.

9.4.6.2. SRB WATER INFORMATION CENTRE & WATER QUALITY MODELLING TOOL

The major role of the WRPB as part of the reform of river basin organisations, will be to act as an agency for the SRSPLG in developing basin wide assessments of water quality (diagnostic),

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 133 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

developing strategic options, planning and assessing impact of individual projects. Furthermore the WRPB will act a as a clearing house for water based information collected in the basin.

It is proposed to develop at the level of the WRPB a Water Information Centre in which all forms of water based information (flow and water quality) are brought together for the whole river basin. This will require the development of specific GIS and databases akin to those initiated as part of this TA.

In order to evaluate proposed measures under various conditions and scenarios, the SWRPB will need a reliable modelling tool that adequately describes the Songhua water system with respect to hydrology, waste water production, surface water quality and ecology. The main objectives of such a modelling system are:

• To assist the Songhua river basin water managers with adequate tools to calculate the effect of proposed measures for planning (short and long term); • To ensure that targets for all functional zones including the relevant water quality objectives will be met at least costs for additional measures in the upstream river sections and reservoirs; • To be able to implement the day-to-day practical operational management for all reservoirs, facilities and infrastructure in the basin to satisfy both drinking water requirements and downstream demands (in terms of quality and quantity); • To quantity the large scale effects of climate change, transboundary issues and inter basin transfer.

The development of such a model is essential to enable the future proposed water agency to complete the harmonization exercises concerning water functional zoning (and thereby water quality objectives) and integrated planning.

9.4.6.3. PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION

A key recommendation of this study is to develop a number of PSP operations within the SRB which could serve as models for future investment and best practice. Such operations would be developed on the basis of a specific technical assistance (funded potentially from multi-lateral aid agencies who have developed significant recent experience in the sector). Such a technical assistance would fund the development of: – Formal procedures (including bid documents) for PSP in the SRB; – Government tools for regulating such PSP ventures, including for example benchmarking; – Training to local government officials to strengthen their capacity in the understanding and thereafter regulation of such ventures.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 134 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

10. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN

10.1. OVERALL FINANCING REQUIREMENTS

Overall financing requirements of the Strategic Plan have been estimated based on the expected cost for each of the components, which are based on the reported base costs for each of the wastewater treatment project investments. In order to package the projects in an efficient manner the following assumptions were made: • Investments in domestic WWTPs would be made through direct investment in the proposed projects while investments in industrial WWTPs would be through an industrial wastewater treatment revolving fund. • Local currency costs for domestic WWTPs would be financed from local resources while foreign exchange costs would be financed from the sector loans. • Foreign exchange costs for WWTPs are on average 40% of base costs. • Based on analysis of the proposed industrial WWTP investments, support of $25 million would be required for the revolving fund in each of the first two sector projects. • Support for strengthening of monitoring capacity, including provision of equipment, would require the allocation of finance equivalent to 3% of the investment in WWTPs. • Contingencies and financing costs during implementation for the loan part of a 5-year project are assumed to amount to 20% of base costs, while for the local currency part they are assumed to be 10%, reflecting the absence of financing costs. • In order to remain manageable individual loans should be limited to an amount of $250 million, implying a total cost, including local currency, of about $600 million. This is significantly larger than other ADB loans to the sector. • Domestic WWTP projects will be implemented in order of priority, the most critical being implemented under the first loan and so on and with the focus on Phase 1 projects. Implementation of Phase 2 projects would start during the third sector loan, again with emphasis on the highest priority investments. • As indicated previously, it is understood that upgrading of the Changchun Beijiao WWTP and its associated network and the Nanjiao (Southern WWTP) will be financed as part of the ongoing Jilin Water Supply & Sewerage Development Project (TA 4227 PRC). As such the financing of the Strategic Plan only allows and additional sum of CNY 200 million for completion of the upgrading of the Beijiao plant. Further, it is understood that the Ne’he WWTP in the Nen Jiang will be financed through a PSP (BOT) venture so that no provision is made for this in the Strategic Plan.

Based on these assumptions, the number of domestic WWTP projects that can be implemented under each of the four sector loans has been estimated at 21, 30, 20, and 23, respectively (). The indicative loan amounts are $247 million, $245 million, $259 million, and $299 million, for total project costs of $588 million, $582 million, $616 million and $709 million, respectively.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 135 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

While these amounts appear to be reasonable they can be readily adjusted by changing the number of projects in each indicative loan.

TABLE 10-1: INDICATIVE COST ESTIMATES FOR INVESTMENT PROJECTS

(RMB BILLION) Component First Second Third Fourth Investment Investment Investment Investment Project (IMAP Project (IMAP Project (12th Project (13th Phase 1) Phase 2) FYP) FYP) Domestic WWTPs 8.17 5.60 4.47 Nd Industrial WWTP Revolving 0.85 0.85 - Nd Fund Head Water Protection - 1.20 0.80 Nd Monitoring 0.10 0.10 0.10 Nd Total Cost 9.12 8.20 5.37 5.0

Nd = not defined

10.2. FINANCING STRATEGY

The financing strategy for the investments in domestic WWTPs and monitoring is expected to follow the well-established procedures for financing used for other loans to PRC. Specifically the concerned local authority will be responsible for ensuring the local currency costs and loan proceeds will be used for financing the foreign exchange costs.

Prior to final approval of a project the local authority will need to provide a firm plan for raising the required local currency. Based on previous experience this is likely to be through imposition of a wastewater treatment tariff prior to starting the project and during its implementation. Each local authority will need to set the tariff at a sufficient level to raise the funds required.

The borrower for the loans for financing the foreign exchange part will be the Government of the PRC, who are expected to onlend the loan to the participating provinces/autonomous region in foreign currency and under terms and conditions similar to those of the loan. The provinces/local authorities will then relend the proceeds of the loan to the local authorities under similar terms and conditions. This procedure requires that the final borrower accepts the foreign exchange risk, which is not a problem while the Yuan remains fixed to the dollar or while it is strong. However, this situation should not be assumed to continue indefinitely and some risk may be incurred.

Local authorities will need to ensure that long-term wastewater treatment tariffs are maintained at a level sufficient to cover the costs of operation and management and to repay their loans as well as to make provision for future planned investments.

The situation with respect to industrial wastewater treatment will differ since the output from this loan component will be the establishment of a revolving fund for the purpose of financing pollution reduction that can be accessed by industrial enterprises operating in the region. The fund is suggested to be financed initially through a combination of the industrial wastewater treatment component of the first two sector loans and a proportion of the local currency generated through use of the program loan funds. These two sources are expected to provide equal contributions.

Channeling of funds will depend on whether the river basin authority is ultimately a State- or a provincial level authority. The latter option may require onlending of funds from the national to

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 136 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

the provincial level. In either case, the sector loan funds for establishing the revolving fund will need to be onlent to the river basin authority under acceptable terms and conditions, including the loan period and the interest rate.

Clear consideration has to be given as to the sustainability of the revolving fund. Since a portion of it is proposed to be financed from the sector loan, this amount will have to be repaid with interest. The industrial WWTP loans will therefore need to be under such terms and conditions that they provide for repayment of this portion and generation of sufficient resources to ensure sustainability. Specific details will need to be elaborated during project preparation.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 137 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Figure 10-1: Outline Implementation Schedule for the Strategic Plan including the Immediate Action Plan

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Components 1 2 3412 3 4 123412 3 41234123412 3 4123412 3 412341234123412341234 I. Studies A. Feasibility Studies, Preliminary & Final Designs, Tender Docs. 50 m Yuan B Water Quality Monitoring/Bio Monitoring and Improved Water Quality Assessment 4 m Yuan C. SRB Water Quality Modelling Studies 8 m Yuan D Non-Point Source Pollution/Headwater Protection Studies 16 m Yuan II Programme Components 1.2 b Yuan Policy & Institutional Priorities 1. Water Information Centre, Ambient Water Quality Monitoring, 12th FYP development 2. SRB Revolving Fund 3. Clean development mechanism centre, EMS, Agricultural Pollution Control 4. River Basin Twinning, Conferences 5. Public Participation, Publicity Campaigns 6. Government Training Courses III Investment Components A. First Investment Component 9.12 b Yuan 1. Domestic Wastewater Treatment Facilities (Phase I)8.17 b Yuan 2. Industrial Waste Water Treatment Fund0.85 b Yuan 4. Point Source Monitoring 0.10 b YYuan B. Second Investment Component 7.75 b Yuan 1. Domestic Wastewater Treatment Facilities (Phase I)5.60 b Yuan 2. Industrial Waste Water Treatment Fund 0.85 b Yuan 3. Headwater Projects 1.20 b Yuan 4. Point Source Monitoring 0.10 b Yuan C. Third Investment Component 5.37 b Yuan 1. Domestic Wastewater Treatment Facilities (Phase I) 4.47 b Yuan 2. Headwater Projects 0.80 b Yuan 3. Point Source Monitoring 0.10 b Yuan D. Fourth Investment Component 5.00 b Yuan

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 138 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

10.3. LOAN PACKAGING WITHIN THE STRATEGIC PLAN

While there are several options for packaging of loans to meet the specific requirements of Developing Member Countries (DMCs), they all derive individually or in combination from two modalities, which are defined as investment (project or sector) loans and policy-based (program) loans. Investment loans, as the name suggests, are predominantly focused on facilitating investment in development activities in the DMCs. However, there is an increasing tendency to link investment loans with policy reform in order to improve the effectiveness of the investment and at the same time introduce some innovativeness into otherwise rather standard loans. Policy-based loans, by contrast, focus on assisting a DMC in introducing policy changes to which it is committed but for which there are delays caused by local constraints. In these circumstances a program loan can provide the foreign exchange that is needed to free up local resources required to mitigate the shocks associated with rapid policy reform. Investment loans typically have a disbursement period of five or more years compared to a shorter disbursement period, typically three years, for policy-based loans.

The following description of the alternatives that may be suitable for financing the proposed strategic plan draws heavily on the relevant sections of ADB’s Operations Manual.

10.3.1. INVESTMENT LOANS

Investment loans are generally divided into two different types, project loans and sector loans, having different levels of commitment and responsibility from the DMC government.

10.3.1.1. PROJECT LOANS

Project loans represent the simplest approach to loan packaging and is the method that has been most widely adopted during the past. In its simplest form the investment loan provides for investment in one or more subprojects that have been comprehensively prepared, usually with the assistance of consultants, and appraised though a series of bank missions. Depending on the structure of the proposed project, and the type of subprojects included, the term “package project” has been used in the past. This would appear to mean that several projects over a fairly wide geographical area have been packaged together for ease of management. Irrespective of how it is presented, an appraisal is required for all subprojects proposed for inclusion in a project loan, and each subproject must satisfy the technical, social, environmental, and economic criteria for inclusion.

10.3.1.2. SECTOR LOANS

Sector lending is typically followed when it is considered that the DMC is more developed and is capable of a greater level of management its proposed investments. Sector loans are provided for project-related investments relating to a sector or sub-sector of the borrower and are intended to finance part of the planned investment for the sector. They are most appropriate where a large number of subprojects are to be financed at it would not be appropriate to complete the preparation of feasibility studies for each subproject prior to loan appraisal. In addition to financing investments, a sector loan is expected to improve sector policies and strengthen institutional capacity.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 139 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

In order to meet ADB’s requirements for approval of sector lending certain criteria must be met. In particular: • the borrowing DMC must have a sector development plan that identifies the development needs of the sector and proposes how these are to be met; • the borrowing DMC must have the institutional capacity to implement the sector development study including preparation and appraisal of potential subprojects to ADB standards, and implementation and management of all subprojects; and • the policies applicable to the sector should be appropriate and will be improved if warranted.

Where these criteria are not met, technical assistance can be given for project preparation, sector analysis and capacity building either before or together with the sector loan.

10.3.1.3. PROGRAM (POLICY-BASED) LOANS

Policy loans are provided to assist a DMC in developing a sector(s)/subsector and improving sector performance through appropriate policy and institutional improvements over the medium to long term. Loans are relatively quick disbursing to cover the immediate adjustment costs arising from policy reforms. The basis for a sector loan is a broad-based sector reform and development plan that will enhance sector efficiency and performance, comprising in particular policy changes and institutional enhancement.

The general characteristics of policy-based program loans are (i) that they are not linked to specific project activities but to the implementation of policy reform; (ii) that they are quick disbursing to cover the immediate adjustment costs from policy reforms; and (iii) that they have a sector-wide and economy-wide impact.

Program loans must target sectors in which the government is firmly committed to reform, but in which significant economic, financial, or social costs are associated with the reform program and are likely to inhibit its smooth and timely implementation without the support and inducement that can be provided through the loan. Strong government ownership of the reform program is essential and it should be in an area in which ADB has or can readily acquire the experience required to provide well-founded advice.

Three program-lending products are available, but only two of these have any potential for the current situation. The first is the standard program loan, which is applicable in normal situations where relatively short-term impacts and adjustment costs are expected, the program has a short to medium term time horizon, and disbursements are expected to be relatively quick (about 3 years). The second is the program cluster approach (PCA), which is an extension of the standard program loan modality adapted to policy and institutional reforms over a longer time frame (4-7 years).The PCA allows for packaging of policy and institutional reforms in chronologically sequenced packages (over time), in vertical packages (across different levels of government), and in horizontal packages (across different sectors of government). Standard and PCA program loans must be based on comprehensive sector analyses that identify structural constraints to sector development, and on policy dialogue with government to determine the means to address these constraints.

Standard program loans are normally used to improve the policy environment for enhanced sector efficiency and for increased returns on investment. Sectoral reforms seek to improve the efficiency and amount of investment in a sector by enhancing resource mobilization through increasing cost recovery, reducing or eliminating subsidies, rationalizing interest rates, improving allocation of resources by lowering barriers, and promoting efficient resource use by increasing competition and involvement of the private sector. Where policy adjustments are required over an extended period a succession of standard program loans can be considered to sustain the process.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 140 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

The chronologically sequenced PCA is characterized by (i) a coherent reform strategy with discrete subprograms linked as a cluster; (ii) linking the decision to proceed with a successive subprogram to satisfactory performance under the current subprogram; and (iii) the provision of flexibility, which enables experience and changes in the external environment to be incorporated in downstream subprograms. It provides flexible means to translate complex policy objectives into implementable policy actions, recognizes imperfections in the availability of information and allows for flexibility in designing policy packages. Chronologically sequenced PCAs allow phasing of reforms over an adequate period of time and enable (i) the capacity to deliver policy reform to be matched with the intended policy change; (ii) policy changes to be made in non-traditional areas where solutions are not obvious; (iii) reframing of solutions to policy issues in response to changes in the external environment; and (iv) incentives to be balance throughout the program cycle to sustain commitment and ownership to change.

Vertically and horizontally packaged PCAs similarly allow for greater flexibility under certain conditions.

10.3.1.4. SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS

A Sector Development Program (SDP) is not a separate lending modality but is a combination of policy and investment based assistance, which may also have technical assistance grants or loans attached. It aims to address sector needs in a comprehensive and integrated fashion. The policies and procedures applicable to an SDP are the same as are applicable to each component of the SDP.

An SDP is considered where a sector requires both an investment component and a policy reform component, and where the former is unlikely to be accomplished in full and on time without the support of a policy-based lending component. This may be relevant where policy reform results in substantial economic, financial, or social costs. The approach allows for a longer term and integrated approach to sector development. However, it requires a stronger government commitment to sector reform than alternative approaches due to its greater complexity. A comprehensive sector study must be undertaken prior to considering an SDP and this must also address the relative roles of the public and private sectors, social and environmental issues, and institutional development needs in the sector.

While tranching of loans is permitted in the program-lending part of an SDP, with the number of tranches decided on a case-by-case basis, it is generally not feasible or advisable for a project loan within the investment component. However, where the investment component comprises a sector loan, loan commitments for new subprojects in each successive time period could be made contingent on timely and effective implementation of agreed reforms.

Provincial level SDPs can be considered where sufficient autonomy for policy exists at this level of government, and where there are no legal or administrative impediments to such loans. However, the provincial government must be able to address all relevant sector issues, and the full concurrence of the national and provincial government is required.

10.3.2. POTENTIAL COMPONENTS FOR THE STRATEGIC PLAN

In the absence of a draft strategic plan, any elaboration must depend on review of the available documents and an understanding of what is being considered for proposal by other team members. On this basis, it currently appears that strategic plan will be oriented towards a sub- basin river level and the major components are likely to be:

• policy reform and institutional development;

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 141 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

• improvements to water pollution monitoring; and • construction and operation of WWTPs.

Additional components that could be considered include, but are not limited to; • support for development of water pollution markets; • raw water treatment for drinking water.

10.3.3. CURRENT APPROACHES IN ADB PROJECTS

Table 10-2 summarizes some of the main characteristics of ADB supported projects in the wastewater and water supply sectors. The information for Jilin Water Supply and Sewerage Development and Wastewater Management and Water Supply Projects has been obtained from the SEIAs for these projects as these are the only readily available sources.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 142 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

TABLE 10-2: SUMMARY OF ADB PROJECTS FOR WASTEWATER AND WATER SUPPLY IN CHINA Year Project Components Cost 199 Water Supply i) Construction of northern Total: $379.7 m. 4 conveyor system ADB loan: $164.1 m ii) Construction & rehabilitation of southern conveyor system and construction of water treatment plant 199 Environmental i) Municipal Wastewater Treatment Total: $28 m. 6 Improvement (two places) ADB loan: $70 m ii) Industrial Pollution Abatement Total: $266 m. (four places) ADB loan: $112 m 199 - Water i) Shanxi Dam Total: $111.5 m. 7 Supply (Phase I) ii) Zhaoshandu Diversion ADB loan: $518 m iii) Conveyance iv) Resettlement v) Consulting Services & Training 199 Water Supply and i) Fuzhou Water Supply Total: $192.2 m. 8 Wastewater Treatment ii) Yang Li Wastewater Treatment ADB loan: $102 m 200 Tianjin Wastewater i) Wastewater Treatment Total: $ 340.7 m. 0 Treatment & Water ii) Water Resources Protection ADB loan: $130 m Resources Protection 200 Heibei Province Wastewater i) WWCT in Total: $ 165.34 m. 2 Management ii) WWCT in ADB loan: $82.36 m iii) WWCT in New District iv) WWCT in v) WWCT in Xuanhua 200 Harbin Water Supply i) Mopanshan Dam Total: $399.5 m. 3 ii) Raw Water Pipeline ADB loan: $100 m iii) Water Treatment Plant iv) Network Improvements 200 Henan Wastewater i) Wastewater Management Total: $ - m. 5 Management and Water ii) Water Supply ADB loan: $100 m Supplya Sector-type Project 200 Jilin Water Supply and i) Changchun Wastewater Total: $ 229.2 m. 5 Sewerage Developmentb ii) Shuangyuang Water Supply ADB loan: $100 m iii) Liaoyuan Water Supply iv) Meihekou Water Supply v) Yongchun River vi) Liaoyuan Drainage

a Based on information in the Summary Environmental Impact Assessment. No information is available on the total number of subprojects to be included.

b Based on information in the Summary Environmental Impact Assessment.

Table 1 illustrates the extremely simple packaging that has been used to date for wastewater/water supply projects. Eight of the nine projects examined have been a packaged as simple investment loans, although most include investment in several different subprojects and could have been treated as package projects. Loan amounts range between $82 million and $182 million (although this latter amount was for two loans covering different aspects of the project), although there is a clear tendency in recent to limit the amount to $100 million. Henan Wastewater Management and Water Supply is the first project in this sector to be formulated as a sector-type project.7 However, there is currently no information available on the number of subprojects that will be included or the total project cost.

7 Sector projects in PRC tend to be listed as sector-type since the planning and approval process followed limits the use of a true sector approach that has flexibility in the selection of non-core subprojects.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 143 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

There are no examples of program loans or SDPs in the wastewater/water supply sector. This, no doubt, reflects the Governments priorities in requesting these loans.

10.4. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SONGHUA WATER QUALITY STRATEGIC PLAN

As can be appreciated the infrastructure requirements for pollution control within the SRB are enormous and go beyond requirements of any one simple investment. Furthermore, the experience with past investment projects in the SRB demonstrate clearly without policy changes, proposed investments are unlikely to bring about real benefits in pollution load reduction and thereby improvements in water quality.

Of particular note are the observations made during the development of the strategic planning that: • Without reduction, recycling and reuse proposed investments are unlikely to be of sufficient capacity to provide significant reductions in absolute pollution loading rates; • Without significant increases in wastewater tariffs, there is unlikely to be sufficient funds to guarantee the operation of the constructed infrastructure.

Three types of loan have been generally provided by multi-lateral and bi-lateral lenders to China: • Option 1: Project Loans. This type of loan is provided to well defined, usually individual or packages of rather small projects associated with little policy reform (although it is possible to covenant in some cases minor reforms within the loan); capacity building can be included in these loans but they remain rather limited; such loans require a large amount of justification/analysis prior to approval by the lender since all of the individual subprojects included in the loan need to be assessed. These have been the typical lending vehicle of both ADB, the World Bank and bilateral lenders in China especially with respect to the urban and industrial pollution control sectors, and China clearly has the capacity to implement this type of loan as a routine process. • Option 2: Sector Loans: these loans are more open and flexible with respect to the lending portfolio. They also permit a wider policy dialogue although such as dialogue is again restricted to that agreed as part of the loan covenant. Their distinct feature is to enable a loan to be appraised on the basis of an agreed sector strategy and approval of “model” subproject documents for identified core subprojects. These then act as the models for subsequent subproject feasibility analyses, which produce reports that, depending on the loan agreement, may or may not have to be reviewed by the lender. The transition from simple project loans to sector loans requires the borrower to have a substantially greater capacity. ADB guidelines on sector lending specify that in order to meet the policy on sector lending (i) the borrower must have a sector development plan to meet the priority development needs of the sector; (ii) the borrower must have the institutional capacity to implement the sector development plan; and (iii) the policies applicable to the sector are applicable and will be improved if warranted. Such loans are rare in the pollution control sector, the first to be approved by ADB was the Henan Wastewater Management and Water Supply Project a sector-like project that was approved by the ADB in 2005. However, the sector loan concept has been applied successfully by ADB in the flood control sector, for example in the Songhua Flood Control Project approved in 2002 and more recently in the Flood Management Project, which is currently under preparation. The success of these projects demonstrates the capacity of provincial level organizations to prepare feasibility reports to the required standard and to manage the subsequent subprojects. However, they also demonstrate the lack of concern for addressing policy and institutional capacities. • Option 3: Sector Development Programme Loans: Sector Development Programme loans combine the flexibility of the sector loan approach with the benefits of permitting a

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 144 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

continued policy dialogue between the lending organisation and the borrower. Initiation of infrastructure investment through one or more sector loans is typically conditional on the achievement of certain milestones with respect to policy and institutional initiatives. TA grants for facilitating implementation of the loan projects can also be included in the package. The major advantage of this structure is that a large loan package covering a longer time period can be packaged for approval as a single unit with subsequent loans still being conditional on achieving targets. This structure also avoids the inevitable delays in approval of follow-on loans experienced in the more traditional formats. Experience of the application of such loans in China is limited; in the environment sector in Chine the only loan of this type is the Urban Environment Project, supported by the World Bank by the provision of an “Adaptable Programme Loan”.

While packaging a number of WWTP projects together into a single loan appeared to be adequate in the past, the extent of work involved in preparing all subprojects to the level required for ADB loan appraisal would be too great given the magnitude of investment anticipated for the Songhua River Basin. Furthermore this approach would fail to address the policy and institutional needs that are critical to success of the proposed investments.

These limitations would suggest that the sector approach would provide a sound basis for making substantial loans to the wastewater sector since it is evident that China has the technical capacity to prepare feasibility studies for WWTPs together with a well-defined sector policy. The main criticism of the sector policy at this time relates to it being largely a policy that is defined at the national level but lacks implementation capacity at the provincial level. Improved implementation capacity could be one of the components of a sector project. The main issues of the sector approach relate to the fact that the loan requirements for WWTPs have been estimated at approximately $1 billion and the time requirements at about 10 years. Both of these requirements limit the possibilities for using a sector approach. If the proposed investment were to be divided into two time slices of 5 years, which is a reasonable period for a sector loan, each loan would need to be about $500 million, excluding any investment in improved monitoring and strengthening of policy implementation. Based on experience in other sectors, such a loan would likely be unmanageable since it would inevitably involve a large number of sectors, and could also be viewed as a massive pool of money that could be accessed with little control.

A further problem with the sector approach is the likely delay between completion of the first sector project and start of the second since there would be a clear need to complete a project completion review, to assess the lessons learnt from the project, and to formulate and appraise the second project based on this.

The alternative Sector Development Program suggested by the consultants provides a more structured alternative with initial emphasis on policy and institutional aspects, the implementation of which is critical to the future success of the sector, followed by investment activities. Using this approach the three component projects could be prepared and appraised simultaneously, with firm milestones set for the start of each project. Depending on the agreed urgency in commencing investment in the construction of WWTPs, it may be agreed to set the trigger for the first sector loan as the achievement of milestones that would be expected about mid-way through the program loan. Alternatively if investment is considered urgent, it could be triggered by effectiveness of the program loan. Similarly effectiveness of the second sector loan could be triggered either by completion of all milestones for the second tranche of the program loan or by achievement of certain milestones under the first sector loan. There are many options for structuring the project and details will need to be investigated during PPTA/loan processing.

In recent years the successful preparation of the Harbin and Jilin project loans, the experience of the Songhua Flood Management and the recent Hunan Flood Control and Henan Waste Water Treatment Sector Projects would suggest that the use of the more efficient Sector Development Programme approach could be adopted for the financing of measures and facilities to improve water quality and curb pollution in the SRB.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 145 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

As emphasised in this report, institutional reforms are central to success of this approach and have been carefully analysed in the assessment of the sectoral needs. The strategy proposed herewith represents a careful combination of policy and institutional reforms and investment needs.

The approach has reviewed a number of options ranging from a series of standard loans/grants form Central Government/Multi-Lateral Lenders to an integrated “Sector Development Programme.” The Sector Development approach is concluded to provide the necessary policy and management reforms and has the following advantages: • Enables to continue and deepen the policy dialogue first developed by ADB in the region with the Harbin Water Supply TA and the Songhua Flood Management TA; • Develops and expands cooperation in the region across a number of priority sectors such as environmental protection, agricultural best practices and public health within a river basin management context; • Enables the financing and implementation of a large number of projects in an efficient and cost-effective manner.

The proposed “Sector Development Programme,” as outlined below and the accompanying tables, is a combination of a Program loan, which triggers two sector loans through achievement of specified milestones, and TA grants to support the major developments. The approach is efficient in that it combines the activities previously undertaken through a combination of three loans and various TA grants into a package that can be approved in one stage. Failure to achieve the designated milestones would provide a check on each of the subsequent stages.

The approach draws on a variety of funding sources and encourages the diversification of funding sources (particularly from the private sector and from self generated funds); however, it should be recognised that for the 11th Five Year Planning period at least, the major funding sources are likely to come from Central Government Grants/Loans, Multi-Lateral Loans and Local Bank Loans.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 146 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 10-2: PROPOSED INITIAL LOAN TO BE SUPPORTED BY ADB

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Loans/Components 123412 3 4 123412 3 41234123412 3 4123412 3 4 I. Technical Assistance (Loans/Grants) A. Project Preparation TA B. Support for Programme Loan II. Programme/Capacity Building Components $50 m USD Policy & Institutional Priorities 1. Foster the Integrated management of water resources 2. Improve & expand delivery of water services 3. Foster conservation of water & increase system efficiencies 4. Promote regional cooperation 5. Foster participation 6. Improve governance III.Investment Components A. Physical Investment Component $456 m USD 1. Domestic Wastewater Treatment Facilities (Phase I)$408 m USD 2. Industrial Waste Water Treatment Fund$50 m USD 3. Water Quality Monitoring$6 m USD

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 147 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

10.4.1. FLOW OF FUNDS

Figure 1 shows the indicative flow of funds for the proposed Sector Development Program, encompassing both the proposed program loan and the sector loans. While all funds will initially flow from the Asian Development Bank to the Ministry of Finance, the subsequent flow will depend on the individual loan and project component.

For the program loan, funds intended to partially finance establishment of the revolving fund for industrial wastewater are expected to be channeled through the MWR and SWRC/SWRPB, while those directed towards support of the increase in waste water treatment charges and other policy changes that affect the Songhua River Basin are expected to be channeled from the Ministry of Finance through the Provincial Finance Departments to the local Finance Bureaus at City and County level.

For the sector loan, funds intended to support the construction of WWTPs are proposed to flow from the Ministry of Finance through the Provincial Finance Departments to the Local Finance Bureaus. Following the normal procedure in PRC these funds are proposed to be onlent by the State to the provinces and relent by the provinces to the local authorities. Appropriate arrangements will be made at the local level for the use of these funds. Depending on repayment arrangements, funds for capacity building of the provincial and local EPBs could through either SEPA or the provincial Finance Departments. If they are provided as grants from the State, the most appropriate route would be through SEPA in order to provide overall planning. However, if they are onlent to the Provinces and/or relent to the local authorities, who would then assume responsibility for repayment, the funds should flow through these institutions to the Provincial and local EPBs. Similarly for funds intended to strengthen the monitoring capacity of SWRPB.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 148 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

FIGURE 10-3: POSSIBLE FLOW OF FUNDS FOR DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

Ministry of ADB MWR Finance, PRC

Heilongjiang IMAR Regional Jilin Provincial Provincial Govt. Govt. Govt.

Provincial Regional Provincial Bureaux Bureaux Bureaux SWRC/ EPB, WRB, FB, EPB, WRB, FB, EPB, WRB, FB, SWRPB AB AB AB

Harbin Alihe Town, Erlunchun Banner Changchun Daqing A'rong Banner Jilin City Qiqihaer Yinder Town, Zhailaite Banner Songyuan City Mudanjiang Xing'an League (Tuquan and Baicheng City Jiamisu Keyouzhong) Yongji County Fulaerji Wulanhaote Yushu City Jiagedaqi Huolinguole City Nenjiang County Nierji, Mo Banner Qian'an County Ning'an County Zhanluntan Songjianghe Town, Fusong Shuangyashan Huanmei, Keryouqian Banner County Hegang Erdaobaihe County Panshi Gan'nan County Da'an Longjiang County Huinan Wuchang County Liuhe Shuangcheng County Dunhua A'cheng County Jiaohe County Dongfeng Jingyu Yichun Meihekou Tongjiang Huadian Daxing'an Jiutai County Nong'an County Dehui County Tao'nan Suihua City Fuyu County Zhenlai County

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 149 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING Table 10-3: FRAMEWORK

Design Summary Performance Monitoring Assumptions and Indicators/Targets Mechanisms Risks 1. Goals 1.1 Improve the health and Improvements in Epidemological Improvements in welfare of the population of the chronic and acute studies water pollution Songhua River Basin (SRB) diseases within the Socio-economic control sector through long-term reduction in SRB by 2020 Surveys associated with the pollution load from point Health Surveys concomitant and non point sources improvements in solid waste disposal and air quality 1.2 Promote economic growth Average disposable Government Surveys and reduce poverty through revenue of urban and and Year Books Other aspects of the eliminating a major constraint rural residents North East to development in the SRB. increases above revitalization are national average successful, notably transformation of the SOEs

2. Purpose 2.1 Improved capacity to Water quality data Combined analysis of WRB and EPB monitor water quality and shared by January WR and EPB data accept proposals to pollution, and to share data. 2006 share data freely

Water quality Adequate funding measurements Water Quality available for extended in terms of Bulletins and investment and parameters and Yearbooks operation of location by end of monitoring systems 2009

2.2 Improved water quality in Achieve Water Quality Adequate funding the SRB through integrated improvements in Bulletins and available for approach of water resources water quality by the Yearbooks sustainable operation allocation and pollution load end of the 11 FYP; of water pollution reduction; control investments Achieve WQO objectives by the end of the 12th FYP; Songhua Main Stream acceptable as a drinking water resource

2.3 Establishment of Revolving fund for Government Local governments sustainable approach for long- industrial pollution announcements accept to implement term pollution control in the control set up and national policies SRB. wastewater tariff levels achieve cost recovery levels by end of 11th FYP

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 150 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING Design Summary Performance Monitoring Assumptions and Indicators/Targets Mechanisms Risks 3. Program Outputs 3.1 Comprehensive water First monthly bulletin Publication of Data acquisition and quality and flow data for the established by end of Monthly Bulletins and processing SRB available in a timely and January 2006 Year Books by recommendations of reliable manner. WRPB of data Songhua Water SRB Water Quality & incorporating both Quality TA Flow Management EPB/WRD data implemented Information System operational by Data sharing January 2007 between EPB/WR agencies practiced

3.2 River basin agency Statute of SRSPLG State Council acquires legal authority and legally recognized by Legal documents establishes similar River sub-basin authorities State Council and approaches established and functioning. Provincial throughout China Governments by and/or enacts Laws January 2008 concerning river basin management Leading group expanded by end of 11th Five Year Planning Period

Sub river basin organizations strengthened and expanded

3.3 Strengthened capacity at Intergrated river basin and sub-basin level Catchment Approval of to plan and implement pollution Management Plans documents by control plans and wider established for SRB SRSPLG catchment management plans; and sub river basins established by

3.4 Priority domestic and First phase of Sufficient funding industrial wastewater investments Government reports available for treatment facilities established operational by end of investments in priority areas. 11th FYP

3.5 Wastewater tariffs set at Wastewater tariffs set levels required for commercial at levels required for Government reports operation and operation & operation and management of domestic maintenance by WWTPs fully corporatized. January 2006 for participating municipalities and

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 151 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING Design Summary Performance Monitoring Assumptions and Indicators/Targets Mechanisms Risks achieving full cost recovery by the end of the 11th FYP

3.6 Revolving fund for Revolving fund financing investments in finances “model” Annual Reports & reduction of industrial projects by January Construction wastewater pollution 2007 completion and established and operational. completion reports

3.7 Private Sector One concession and Participation active in both one BOT bid and Annual reports of investment and operation of operational by end of concession facilities 11th FYP

4. Program Inputs 4.1 Technical Assistance Consultant’s Government provides i) Support for implementation $ 2,000,000 USD Contracts adequate counterpart of program loan. funding ii) TA for preparation of $ 500,000 USD TA progress reports sector loans. Inputs from Tripartite Reviews counterpart staff are timely 4.2 Program Loan Support to provinces/IMAR to Counterpart funding facilitate require policy and available in sufficient institutional changes including: quantities and in a i) partial financing of local timely manner currency part of industrial WWTP revolving fund; ii) financial transfers to poor to alleviate the immediate impact of increased wastewater tariffs; iii)

4.3 First Investment Loan Loan Approval Counterpart funding i) Capacity building for Document available in sufficient wastewater quality monitoring quantities and in a in priority areas including Periodical reports timely manner provision of monitoring during project equipment. implementation ii) Construction of highest priority domestic WWTPs. iii) Capacity building for

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 152 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING Design Summary Performance Monitoring Assumptions and Indicators/Targets Mechanisms Risks domestic WWTP management. iv) Capacity building for establishment and operation of revolving fund. v) Assistance with equipment, vehicles & technical support to establish industrial WWTP revolving fund. vi) Seed funds for industrial WWTP revolving fund.

4.4 Second Investment Loan i) Expansion of capacity building for water quality monitoring to remainder of SRB including provision of monitoring equipment. ii) Construction of priority domestic WWTPs. iii) Capacity building for domestic WWTP management. iv) Incremental financing for industrial WWTP revolving fund.

4.5 Third Investment Loan 4.6 Forth Investment Loan

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 153 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Table 10-4: Policy Matrix

Policy and Rationale Actions to be Taken Time Frame Remarks Institutional Priorities

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 154 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING Policy and Rationale Actions to be Taken Time Frame Remarks Institutional Priorities 1. Promote a National Effective national water policies, water laws, 1.1: Analysis of the lessons learnt from the existing 2006-2008 These Focus and sector coordination arrangements are projects, river basin initiatives and actions for water recommendation developed at national level for supporting Water quality and pollution control. s go beyond the Quality and Pollution Control Management. The general scope of national focus will enhance harmonization of 1.2: Preparation of a national policy paper on “Water 2007-2008 this project, but the water management approach and promote Quality & Pollution Control” and on “River Basin represent likely exchange of experience and lessons learnt Management” in coordination with the future directions between river basins. Environmental and Water Resources Authorities as to be taken by well as with the existing river basin organizations. the PRC in the Strengthened institutional capacities of the For this purpose a National Water Commission realm of river Environmental and Water Resources national could be developed with representatives of all state basin authorities support river basin organizations. bodies and of main water users. management

1.3: Distribution of water quality management 2008 Information can be structured and centralized at responsibilities between state and regional national level towards effective information authorities and other water stakeholders. Avoid management and sharing of data. overlapping functions (such as for water quality monitoring between SEPA and the MWR) A national action agenda provides opportunity for anticipated funding for river basin and water 1.4: Development of appropriate training and 2008 – 2010 quality management and for pollution control. capacity building of the civil servants of Environmental, Water Resources and other water National policies can develop the directives and and health related national organizations. legal framework for giving special attention to the poor communities. 1.5: Development of an effective national network of 2008 water quality and pollution control data including methodological documents, database and GIS layers. 2009-2010 1.6: Preparation of a national action plan (5 year programme) for implementing the national policy. 2007 1.7: To prepare a specific policy paper on the impact of water management for the poor. Best practices are gathered in a legal national document.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 155 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING Policy and Rationale Actions to be Taken Time Frame Remarks Institutional Priorities 2. Foster the Integrated management results in conducting 2.1: Harmonisation of water quality and pollution New Policy integrated management comprehensive water resource assessments control practices at the river basin level including: Initiative of water resources. and designing interlinked and cost-effective river basin actions. – Harmonisation and Rationalisation of Proposals made monitoring practices between EPB, WRB and 2005-2006 as part of TA; Integrated water resources management also WRPB awaiting enhances exchanges between different implementation

administrative and private sectors in the river basin organisations. – Harmonisation of Functional Zoning at the 2005 Completed for all Provincial Level Provinces

– Harmonisation of Functional Zoning at the Proposal made SRB Level 2005-2006 by Consultant awaiting ratification

– Harmonisation of Planning at the Provincial Provinces Level 2002 integrated planning Tenth FYP

– Harmonisation of Planning Documents at the 2005-2006 Proposals made SRB Level as part of this TA; requires further follow up

– Development of a SRB water quality 2005-2006 Unique maps of assessment water quality prepared by TA; raw data requires further analysis

– Development of a SRB water quality 2007-2008 information centre

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 156

2005

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING Policy and Rationale Actions to be Taken Time Frame Remarks Institutional Priorities 2.2: Provide the SRSPLG with a legislative mandate 2006-2007 Strengthening of enacted at both State and Provincial Level. existing Strengthen the role and the number of stakeholders’ 2007-2008 organisations representatives in the Existing SRSPLG as river basin board and validate the SWRPB as its Leading Group in executing river basin agency. Strengthen the role of 2005-2006 Jilin already the SRSPLG in the Provincial Administration by formed in May forming Provincial SRB Leading Groups 2005

2.3: Prepare effective and participatory procedures 2006-2007 for developing the Songhua River Basin Masterplan including the diagnosis, the definition of objectives and appropriate strategies for reaching these objectives. The objectives will include water quality objectives. To allow time and process for administrative and private sector participation.

2.4: Prepare the 12th 5 year river basin action plan 2009-2010 based on the masterplan and focusing on the priority measures.

3. Improve and expand Improving water services such as water supply, 3.1: Create a favourable legal framework 2006 New Policy the delivery of water sanitation, irrigation and drainage, will enhance environment for promoting the efficiency of water Initiative services. the well being of Chinese inhabitants and will supply and sanitation services. Among others, support the economic development. private participation or delegation of services to private operators could be facilitated by the Readiness to pay for the water services might development of transparent bidding procedures for then be enhanced. the delegation of public services

Private sector participation and public-private 3.2: Develop mechanisms for financing and 2006 partnerships may emphasize competition for a operation of water/wastewater services for good service. Equity in access to water for the small/poorer communities poor and underserved should be promoted as a social target.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 157 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING Policy and Rationale Actions to be Taken Time Frame Remarks Institutional Priorities

4. Foster the A system that would recover costs from water 4.1: Prepare detailed funding procedures for the 2008 conservation of water use and resource management charges would institutions responsible for the tasks detailed under and increase system enable user/polluter pays principle. More funds action 1.3. efficiencies. would then be available for water conservation 4.2 Increase charges for water abstractions, water Carry out existing and river basin activities. supply services, wastewater services and pollution 2006-2007 government discharges policies Increased public awareness should result in concerned with better water management at water users’ level. cost recovery Demonstration of good use of water related 4.3: Effective river basin funds might be raised 2007 funds may also increase the willingness to pay. (River Basin Fee) or made available (from National or regional Budgets) to the River Basin Board for funding (or subsidising) the priority actions plan. Special effort should be made to fund or subsidise the actions that tackle the main issues of the basin. River basin fee could also be introduced for this purpose.

4.4: Develop public awareness campaigns to 2006 demonstrate the opportunity for water stakeholders to participate in the river basin planning and management. The campaign should also demonstrate the efficiency and impact of the actions funded in 4.3

4.5: Develop independent monitoring procedures 2006 (“benchmarking”) of the performance of the water related services against targeted objectives or contractual results.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 158 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING Policy and Rationale Actions to be Taken Time Frame Remarks Institutional Priorities 5. Promote regional Promoting regional cooperation may increase 5.1 Twin the SRSPLG with other river basin cooperation the mutually beneficial use of shared water organisations in the Asian region and worldwide; 2006-2007 resources within China and with riparian participate in regional conferences on river basin countries of transboundary River Basins. management

The primary focus could be the exchange of 5.2: Analyse the status of river basin management in 2010 information and experiences in water sector each of the country involved in Transboundary River reform. Support could be provided to enhance Basins. awareness of the benefits of shared water resources, create sound hydrologic and 5.3: Implement a diagnosis all over the basin for 2011-12 socioenvironmental databases relevant to the identifying the main issues and then defining the management of transboundary river basins and targeted objectives. implement joint projects between riparian countries. 5.4: Develop common procedures for sharing 2006-2007 information and monitoring data. Funding of some A prerequisite to regional cooperation could be actions can raise negotiations between upstream that the national river basin management and downstream countries. systems are effective in each country.

6. Fostering Stakeholder consultation and participation at all 6.1: Identify the representatives who may have the 2007 participation levels may strengthen the rationale of policies legitimacy of representing key water stakeholders. and investments in the water sector. To promote social society representatives and to support women representatives.

6.2: Develop mass information as well as 2007 appropriate messages about upgraded river basin management approaches. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed system and provide room for participation at all levels and all stages of the reform.

6.3: In the long term, transform the River Basin 2011-2012 Board in a real River Basin Council where all main river basin stakeholders are represented.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 159 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING Policy and Rationale Actions to be Taken Time Frame Remarks Institutional Priorities

7. Improve governance Promoting the bottom-up component of river 7.1: Support regional (provincial), district and 2006 basin management will be accomplished by municipality administration in implementing the promoting decentralization, building capacity above mentioned actions. and strengthening monitoring, evaluation, research, and learning at all levels, particularly 7.2: Identify success stories of good governance 2010 in public sector institutions. that could be shared with other basins.

7.3: Implement formal and on the job training and 2007 study tours for promoting good governance. Practical tool boxes are made available. To promote transparency and accountability for the service delivered.

7.4: Prepare appropriate training especially for local 2006-2007 agencies and institutions that lack some human resources and equipment.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 160 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

10 ADB, 2004, TA No. 4227-PRC, Jilin Water Supply and Sewerage Development Project, draft final report prepared by Metcalf & Eddy Ltd, et al, for the Asian Development Bank.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 161 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

11. KEY ISSUES, RISKS & CONSTRAINTS

Key issues, risks and constraints associated with the implementation of the strategic plan, most notably the first phase as part of an immediate action plan during the 11th FYP period are summarized below:

11.1. IMPLICATIONS OF FINANCING STRATEGY ON TARIFFS

The implications of the financing strategy on tariffs relate specifically to the domestic WWTPs, since industrial WWTPs are established to treat wastewater produced by that industrial enterprise and as such do not necessitate setting of a tariff.

For domestic WWTPs, the consultant’s observations during field trips strongly suggest that none of the local authorities are currently charging a wastewater tariff that is sufficient to even cover the costs of operation and management. For some recently completed plants, financed by JBIC, the situation is so serious that the local authority is repaying the loan but cannot afford to operate the facility. This is further supported by the findings of a recent ADB TA, which indicates that the wastewater tariff in Changchun would need to be increased by 215% from CNY 0.40/m3 to CNY 1.26/m3 in order for the investment to show a reasonable financial return.10

One of the policy initiatives of the Program Loan proposed for inclusion in the SDP is support the introduction of a level of wastewater tariffs that enable full cost recovery in accordance with government policy. Prior to receiving approval for a WWTP project, local authorities will need to establish wastewater tariffs in accordance with government policy, and this is likely to involve significant tariff increases. An indication of the likely magnitude of required increases can be obtained from a comparison of wastewater tariffs and average incremental costs ().

TABLE 11-1: COMPARISON OF WASTEWATER TARIFFS AND AVERAGE INCREMENTAL COSTS FOR SELECTED PROJECTS Code Name of WWTP WW tariff Estimated (CNY/M3) a AIC (CNY/m3) 23A Songyuan Jiangbei WWTP (Phase I) 0.4 – 1.6 2.10 168 Changchun Southeastern WWTP (Phase II) 0.6 1.80 89 Daqing Kulipao Oxidation Pond 0.9 0.18 90 WW Recycling Project in Eastern Daqing Urban Area 0.5 0.72 65 Mo Banner WWTP 1.06 1.58 54 Domestic WWTP in Qiqihar Urban Area(Phase 2) 0.4-0.5 0.42 56 Nenjiang County WWTP 0.8-1.5 2.48 47 Erlunchun Banner Dayangshu Town WWTP 1.0 1.62 47B Erlunchun Banner Alihe Town WWTP 1.0 5.49 41A Baicheng WWTP (Phase I) 0.3 – 0.7 1.73 44C Wulanhaote Economic Tech. Development Zone WWTP (Phase I) 0.25 1.66 44E Zhalaite Banner Yinder Town WWTP 1.5 1.82

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 162 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

67 Fujin WWTP 3.50 3.98 68 Huachuan WWTP 2.40 2.52 74 Mudanjiang WWTP (Phase II) 0.27 1.84 76 Ning'an WWTP 1.63 1.99 a Where data show a range, the lowest value is normally the residential tariff and the highest for service industries and/or special sectors.

In five of the cases shown in the table, wastewater tariffs are likely to need to be increased by about 100-200% compared to the current rate in order to ensure full cost recovery, in seven cases the required increase are likely to be of the order of 50% or less, while in the remainder it is likely to be more than 200%. Where extremely large tariff increases are anticipated it is generally due to the high unit costs due to the relatively small size of investment required for the smaller towns.

11.2. AFFORDABILITY

Affordability needs to be assessed from perspective of both the local authority that is proposing to invest in, and possibly operate, the WWTP and the local community that will need to pay for the service. This section focuses mainly on the former.

Project affordability was assessed for each county or city based on the estimated 2003 GDP11 and the total investment cost for all proposed projects for that county/city. It was initially assessed as the percentage of annual GDP that would be required to implement the full package of Projects proposed for the county/city, ensuring that there would be no bias towards a large number of small projects rather than a limited number of large ones. Estimates range from 0.00% for Daqing Kulipao Oxidation Pond to 15.17% Huachuan WW Treatment Project. ().

Percentages were than converted into an affordability index based on a value of 1 for all projects in counties/cities where the proposed investments would cost 5% or less of annual GDP, 2 where they would cost more than 5% and less than 10%, and 3 where they would cost more than 10%. On this basis, 61 projects were assessed as having an affordability index of 1, 32 an affordability index of 2, and only 3 an affordability index of 3. Of the 30 highest ranked subprojects, 19 have an affordability index of 1 and the remaining 11 have an affordability index of 2. None of the projects with an index of 3 were ranked in the top 30, the highest ranked being Zhenlai County WW Treatment Project, which was ranked 39th.

TABLE 11-2: ESTIMATED PROJECT AFFORDABILITY BASED ON PERCENTAGE OF GDP RANK NO. PROJECT PERCENT OF AFFORDABILITY GDP INDEX 1 89 Daqing Kulipao Oxidation Pond 0.00 1 2 30B Jilin WW Treatment Project (Phase II) 2.35 1 3 56 Nenjiang County WW Treatment Project 4.18 1 4 38A Panshi WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 2.69 1 5 20A Da'an WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 6.82 2 6 34A Huinan County WWTP(Phase I) 9.96 2 7 57A Dunhua WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 5.74 2 8 52 Fulaerji District WWTP 1.26 1 9 35A Liuhe County WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 8.00 2 10 39A Jiaohe WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 3.62 1

11 Estimated GDP was obtained from the Jilin and Heilongjiang Provincial, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Statistical Yearbooks for 2004.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 163 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

RANK NO. PROJECT PERCENT OF AFFORDABILITY GDP INDEX 11 2 Changchun Beijiao WW Treatment Extension Project 1.66 1 12 48 WW Treatment Project in Nierji of Hulunbeier 6.73 2 13 37A Dongfeng County WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 2.28 1 14 40A An'tu County WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 6.10 2 15 33A Meihekou WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 6.99 2 16 54 Domestic WW Treatment Project in Qiqihar Urban Area(Phase 2) 1.26 1 17 94 Nerhe WWTP 2.96 1 18 25A Jingyu County WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 1.10 1 19 26A Fusong County WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 3.01 1 20 36A Huadian WWTP(Phase I) 3.73 1 21 47 Erlunchun Banner Dayangshu Town WW Treatment Project 1.46 1 22 96 WW Treatment Project 9.40 2 23 75 Mudanjiang Jingbo Lake Area WW Treatment Project 7.60 2 24 77 Hailin WWTP 5.46 2 25 4A Changchun Southern WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 1.66 1 26 9 Changchun Yanming Lake WW Treatment Project 1.66 1 27 76 Ning'an WWTP 1.89 1 28 99 A'rong Banner WW Treatment Project 5.61 2 29 8 Changchun Economic Development Zone Northern WW Treatment 1.66 1 Project 30 90 WW Recycling Project in Eastern Daqing Urban Area 0.00 1 31 16A Jiutai WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 3.25 1 32 14A Nong'an WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 2.19 1 33 17A Dehui WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 2.45 1 34 19A Yushu WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 2.87 1 35 13A Yitong County WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 9.30 2 36 44A Tao'nan WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 8.31 2 37 98 Huolinguole WW Treatment Project 6.38 2 38 12 Changchun Hi-technology Development Zone Auto Industrial Park WW 1.66 1 Treatment Project 39 43A Zhenlai County WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 10.38 3 40 24A Fuyu County WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 3.81 1 41 27A Yongji County WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 4.17 1 42 42A Tongyu County WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 9.81 2 43 10 Changchun Southlake Recharge Project 1.66 1 44 53 Longjiang County WWTP 7.03 2 45 95 Gan'nan County WW Treatment Project 10.82 3 46 18 Yushu Wukeshu WW Treatment Project 2.87 1 47 11 Changchun Hi-technology Development Zone Residential and Public 1.66 1 Services Zone WW Treatment Project 48 15 Gongzhuling Dangjia Town WW Treatment Project 1.43 1

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 164 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

RANK NO. PROJECT PERCENT OF AFFORDABILITY GDP INDEX 49 46 Xing'an League Keyouzhong Banner WW Treatment Project 3.68 1 50 41A Baicheng WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 2.45 1 51 44C Wulanhaote Economic Tech. Development Zone WW Treatment 2.74 1 Project（Phase I）

52 28 Jilin Economic Tech. Development Zone WW Treatment Project 2.35 1 53 71 Shuangcheng WWTP 1.42 1 54 168 Changchun Southeastern WW Treatment Project (Phase II) 1.66 1 55 87 Zhaodong WW Treatment Project 1.04 1 56 91 Daqing Hongwei Chemical Industrial Zone WW Recycling Project 0.00 1 57 31A Shulan WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 3.64 1 58 45 Xing'an League Tuquan WW Network and WW Treatment Project 3.83 1 59 65 Mo Banner WW Treatment Project 6.73 2 60 23A Songyuan Jiangbei WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 2.53 1 61 83 An'da WW Treatment Project 2.79 1 62 60 Harbin Hejiagou WWTP 1.35 1 63 44E Zhalaite Banner Yinder Town WWTP 4.34 1 64 92 Daqing Liming River Upstream WW Treatment Project 0.00 1 65 29 Jilin Beidahu WW Treatment Project 2.35 1 66 101 Wuchang WWTP 1.94 1 67 97B Jiamusi WW Treatment Project (Phase II) 1.17 1 68 51 Yi'an County WWTP 6.33 2 69 47B Erlunchun Banner Alihe Town WW Treatment Project 1.46 1 70 88 WW Treatment Project 5.72 2 71 49 Keshan County WWTP 5.85 2 72 79 Qitaihe Central WWTP 2.84 1 73 50 Kedong County WWTP 5.85 2 74 66 Hulan County WWTP 6.10 2 75 21 Qian'an County WW Treatment Project 7.00 2 76 22 Changling County WW Treatment Project 4.32 1 77 74 Mudanjiang WW Treatment Plant (Phase II) 7.60 2 78 85 WWTP 4.09 1 79 86 Tieli WWTP 4.96 1 80 108 Yichun Nancha District WW Treatment Project 4.09 1 81 82 Suihua WW Treatment Project 0.99 1 82 81 Hegang Domestic WW Treatment Project 6.29 2 83 105 Yilan County WW Treatment Project 4.49 1 84 72 Bin County WW Treatment Project 1.72 1 85 80 WW Treatment Project 5.40 2 86 70 A'cheng WWTP 1.38 1

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 165 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

RANK NO. PROJECT PERCENT OF AFFORDABILITY GDP INDEX 87 84 WW Treatment Project 5.06 2 88 73 Shangzhi WWTP 2.48 1 89 100 Tangyuan County WWTP 5.80 2 90 107 WW Treatment Project 7.53 2 91 69 Tongjiang WWTP 5.79 2 92 67 Fujin WWTP 4.08 1 93 104 Mulan County WW Treatment Project 7.82 2 94 106 Bayan County WW Treatment Project 2.91 1 95 78 Shuangyashan WWTP (Phase I) 6.37 2 96 68 Huachuan WW Treatment Project 15.17 3

From , above, it can be concluded that the average wastewater tariff required to ensure full cost recovery is likely to be of the order of CNY2.00/m3. This can be compared to the current charge typically less than CNY1.00/m3 While the situation varies between cities and also local authorities, it might prove useful to make a general estimate of the overall situation. Based on average wastewater production of 150 lcd, monthly wastewater generation would be about 4.5 m3 per person, equivalent to a charge of about CNY9/person/month, assuming that there is no change in wastewater production.

The specific situation will need to be assessed for each proposed project but costs of this order of magnitude are considered to be reasonable even for the poorest households.

11.3. FINANCIAL ISSUES & OPERATION OF WWTP

Observations indicated that municipalities were unwilling to pass on the real cost of wastewater services; in most cases existing wastewater tariffs do not cover operation and maintenance costs. This has had the effect to deprive wastewater companies with sufficient funds to operate facilities and to raise counterpart funds to continue payment of contractors on ongoing projects; at least one third of existing domestic WWTP in the SRB were observed not to be operating. Without local government willingness to adopt central government policies on cost recovery, there is a risk the proposed WWTP in this report may suffer the same fate;

11.4. LEAST COST & AFFORDABILITY

Two issues have arisen in the detailed examination of the documentation made available to the consultant concerning a number of the proposed projects (project proposals and feasibility studies): • In the case of the larger cities, most notably Changchun, the proposals would appear to be based on a non-optimal masterplan in which a large number of small WWTP are being proposed. In these instances comparison of alternative schemes with a smaller number of plants is advised; • In the case of the smaller communities, rather sophisticated WWTP have been proposed; the Consultant questions the advisability of such proposals on the basis of affordability and the ability of the local community to operate successfully such plants. Where land is not a constraint, simpler treatment systems involving storage and stabilisation ponds could be adopted as proposed for example in the case of Nierji.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 166 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

11.5. PROVISION OF WASTEWATER SERVICES IN SMALL TOWNS & COMMUNITIES

Small towns and communities are faced with the dual problem of both affordability and their ability to operate the WWTP. From an institutional point of view two solutions both leading to the development of “regional wastewater agencies” can be explored to mitigate these risks: • Assistance could be provided by the higher level municipal level services; • Small towns could collaborate together to form a “regional “ service.

An added advantage of such regional agencies would be their “attractiveness” and ability to negotiate partnerships with the private sector.

11.6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARD MEASURES

Although few of the proposed projects have developed environmental impact assessments nor resettlement plans, examination of the project documents indicated that there would be few significant issues in these domains. A key issue in the case of wastewater projects, both domestic and industrial, is the safe disposal of sewage sludge. Except for the larger communities, few of the towns had acceptable landfill facilities which could act as a route for the disposal of sludge. A potential mitigation measure would be to include provision for landfill upgrading together with the consideration of sludge reutilisation options (agricultural reuse, horticultural reuse) as part of the immediate action plan.

11.7. WASTEWATER REUSE

Wastewater reuse has been put forward as a mechanism to both increase available water resources and also to improve water quality in the river basin.

As indicated in Chapter 4, the agricultural and industrial sectors are the main water consumers within the Songhua River Basin; targeting efficiencies in these two sectors prior to undertaking costly wastewater reuse schemes may prove economically more viable. Secondly, in terms of pollution load reduction it is undoubtedly more cost effective to expand wastewater collection services and secondary wastewater treatment rather than investing in tertiary treatment in a few selected locations. This points indicate that a broader water resources and water quality assessment should be undertaken before considering wastewater reuse projects.

Past history of wastewater reuse projects in China [Ref. 155], illustrate that the majority are underutilised with average utilisation generally lower than 50% of the design capacity. Reasons cited for this poor utilisation can be broadly subdivided into two categories: • Financial: – Water tariffs are generally low; there is therefore not a financial incentive for water users to shift to using treated wastewater; – Often large water users can obtain water through self-supply rather than through the public system; abstraction charges from both groundwater and surface water are always lower than public supplies and industries can abstract higher quantities than their abstraction limit. This further reduces the attractiveness of wastewater reuse • Technical: – There is a deficiency of non-potable water distribution pipelines; cost effective approaches require the juxtaposition of centralised wastewater treatment plants close to potential users; – Water quality; often the treated wastewater has not been able to meet the specific requirements of the water user and has lead potential users to reject the resource.

SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE 167 APPENDIX B-SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WASTE LOAD MODEL

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLAN The main objective of this waste load model is to clarify the current situation of pollutant production in Songhua River Basin, and to illuminate the future discharge tendency under different influent conditions. This model is also the basis for the calculation of pollutants concentrations in different surface water flows, which will provide basic references for integrated water management in Songhua River Basin.

The discharge of wastewater and major pollutants in every city/county in Class-IV Catchments for the years of 2000, 2005, 2010, 2020 and 2030 are calculated and estimated based on the raw data provided by Songhua Water Resource Bureau. The basic assumptions, brief forecasting steps and calculation outcomes of this model are described hereinafter.

1. Basic Assumptions for Waste Load Model

In Songhua River Basin, there are 3 Class-II River catchments, 10 Class-III River catchments and 38 Class-IV River catchments. All together there are 115 cities/counties in the total area.

All these 115 cities are grouped into four categories. In Songhua River Basin, there are six metropolises especially important to North-east development, which are listed as the 1st category. And based on Chinese management regulation, some big cities are directly governed by provincial governments, which are grouped as the 2nd category in this model; some small cities are under the administration of upper-level cities, which are grouped as the 3rd category; and all the counties are grouped as the 4th category.

These four groups of cities/counties are listed in the following table, which will own different forecasting parameters in this model due to different social and economic development characters.

SOGREAH/DELFT – JUNE 2005– APPENDIX B B2 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLAN Table 1-1: Four Groups of cities/counties Divided in the Model Category 1 (metropolis) Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 (big cities) (Small cities) (counties) 6 Important metropolis 8 Big cities directly governed 35 Small cities under the 66 Counties by provincial governments administration of upper-level city

Harbin Hegang Acheng All the counties. Qiqihaer Shuangyashan Shuangcheng Jiamusi Daqing Shangzhi Mudanjiang Yichun Wuchang Changchun Qitaihe Nahe Jilin Suihua Tieli Songyuan Tongjiang Baicheng Fujin Hailin Ningan Beian Anda Zhaodong Hailun Mulinshi Jiutai Yushu Dehui Huadian Jiaohe Shulan Panshi Gongzhuling Meihekou Taonan Daan Dunhua Wulanhaote Zhalantun Aershan Huolinguole

SOGREAH/DELFT – JUNE 2005– APPENDIX B B3 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLAN 2. Summary Calculation Steps in Waste Load Model

The overall forecasting methods of this model include three steps. The first step is to forecast the waste production; the second is to estimate how much waste will be connected to sewers and to WWTPs, and the third step is to estimate how much waste will be treated by WWTPs as well as be discharged into surface water.

Waste production in every city/county of Class-IV Catchments are calculated for a series years of 2000, 2005, 2010, 2020 and 2030. The following figure illustrates the overall steps in this model.

Waste Production from each city

Connected to sewers and WWTPs

Waste reduction by WWTPs

Final discharge into river

Figure 2-1: the overall forecasting steps of the model

2.1 Waste Production

Just as the following figure, waste production can be sourced from five categories: Industry, Domestic, Livestock, Farmers and Fertiliser. Industry and Domestic waste are grouped as point-source pollutions, and Livestock, Farmers and Fertiliser waste will be grouped as non point-source pollutions.

Due to lack of enough raw data, only point source pollutions are detailed calculated in the model at this stage. Non-point source pollution is only briefly estimated and compared with some surveys or monitoring of SWRB.

Hereinafter describe the calculation methods for industrial and domestic pollutants.

SOGREAH/DELFT – JUNE 2005– APPENDIX B B4 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLAN

Fertiliser

Non-point Livestock

sources

Farmers Septic tanks Soil S U R F A C LocalLocal surface surface E waterwater

W Domestic waste Waste A Wastewater T Point sources High water watertreatment treat E consumption plantsplant R Industries industry

Low water consumption industry

FIGURE 2-2: VARIOUS SOURCES AND THEIR PATHWAYS TO THE SURFACE WATER SYSTEM

2.1.1 Industrial Pollutants Production (A)Based on relative Chinese Government regulations, divide the total industry into “High water consumption industry “and “Low water consumption industry”, the relative industry names are listed on the following table:

Table 2Erreur ! Il n'y a pas de texte répondant à ce style dans ce document.-1: Division of “High water consumption industry” and “Low water consumption industry” High water consumption industry Low water consumption industry

Electricity generation by thermal power Mining; Steel industry Food industry (Sugar, Milk, Oil); Petroleum and petrochemical industry Glass industry; Textile industry Pharmacy industry Paper manufacture Cement industry Beer industry Lumber Processing Alcohol plants Mechanical industry

SOGREAH/DELFT – JUNE 2005– APPENDIX B B5 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLAN Coking plant Shoes making Architectural material plant

(B)Based on relative survey data from SWRB, calculate the pollutant concentrations per m3 wastewater for both “Low water consumption industry” and “High water consumption industry” of the year 2000. These data are presumed not changed with years. Because Heilongjiang province produced more industry waste than the other two provinces, Main Songhua Basin, where Heilongjiang mainly locates in, owns more pollutants concentrations than the other two basins.

Table 2-2: Pollutants Concentrations in Industry Wastewater NH4-N Industry COD (kg/m3) TN (kg/m3) TP (kg/m3) (kg/m3)

low water consumption 0.10859 0.00607 0.00819 0.00527 industry SS basin high water consumption 0.05023 0.00438 0.00618 0.00154 industry

low water consumption 0.14881 0.00433 0.00915 0.00029 industry Nen basin high water consumption 0.06855 0.00917 0.01402 0.00067 industry

low water consumption 0.20103 0.01262 0.02170 0.00063 industry Main Songhua basin high water consumption 0.12694 0.00617 0.00761 0.00019 industry

(C) For every city/county, calculate how much wastewater is produced for every 10000 RMB Industrial Production Value in the year 2000. These IPVs for each city/county are presumed to change with years according to the following tables (different city/county category will change with different rates, all the parameters are determined after consulting relative plannings and local consultants).

Table 2-3: Increasing Rates of Wastewater Production per 10000 Industrial Production Value Low Water High Water increasing rate (per year) Consumption Consumption Industry Industry from 2000 to Metropolis Category 1 -5% -6.00% 2010 Big City Category 2 -3% -4.00%

Small city Category 3 -2% -3.00%

County Category 4 -2% -2.00%

from 2011 to 2020 increasing rate (per year) Low Water High Water Consumption Consumption SOGREAH/DELFT – JUNE 2005– APPENDIX B B6 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLAN Industry Industry

Metropolis Category 1 -7% -8.00%

Big City Category 2 -6% -7.00%

Small city Category 3 -4% -5.00%

County Category 4 -3% -3.00%

Low Water High Water increasing rate (per year) Consumption Consumption Industry Industry from 2021 to Metropolis Category 1 -5% -6.00% 2030 Big City Category 2 -5% -6.00%

Small city Category 3 -4% -5.00%

County Category 4 -3% -4.00%

(D) Assumption for the increase of the industrial Production Value for the next 30 years. Table 2-4: Increase Rates of Industrial Production Value Low Water High Water increasing rate (per year) Consumption Consumption Industry Industry

from 2000 to 2010 Metropolis Category 1 9.66% 11.45%

Big City Category 2 9.66% 11.45%

Small city Category 3 9.00% 10.00%

County Category 4 5.00% 5.00%

Low Water High Water increasing rate (per year) Consumption Consumption Industry Industry

from 2011 to 2020 Metropolis Category 1 8.50% 8.60%

Big City Category 2 8.50% 8.60%

Small city Category 3 7.00% 7.00%

County Category 4 4.00% 4.00%

Low Water High Water increasing rate (per year) Consumption Consumption Industry Industry

from 2021 to 2030 Metropolis Category 1 7.00% 6.70%

Big City Category 2 7.00% 6.70%

Small city Category 3 5.00% 5.00%

County Category 4 4.00% 4.00%

(E) The industrial waste water production is then calculated according to the following formula:

SOGREAH/DELFT – JUNE 2005– APPENDIX B B7 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLAN (Industry value × (1+Increasing rate)) × (wastewater per 10000 Yuan IPV × (1+ Decreasing rate)) = Wastewater quantity

Wastewater quantity × Pollutants concentration = Pollutants quantity

2.1.2 Domestic Pollutants Production The domestic waste production is divided into the Registered Population’s Waste Production and Migrant Population’s Waste Production.

For the special cities/counties crossing several Class-III catchments, will be divided into several parts based on corresponding areas within different catchments. And based on these area percentages, domestic waste production from one city/county will be divided into different parts and then give more precise divisions into different catchments.

1）. Registered Population’s Waste Production

(A) Assume the pollutant loads produced per person in the year 2000, which is assumed not change with years.

Table 2-5: Assumed Pollutant Loads for City Person and Town Person

WW COD NH3-N TN TP

LCD g/d/c g/d/c g/d/c g/d/c

City Person 180 77 6 7 1 Town Person 260 99 9 11 1 (Including Industry)

(B) Assume the wastewater quantity produced by per person is to be changed according to the following table:

Table 26: Increasing Rates of Wastewater Quantity Produced by Per Person Per Year increasing rate (per year)

Metropolis Category 1 1.00%

from 2000 to 2010 Big City Category 2 1.00%

Small city Category 3 1.00%

County Category 4 1.00%

increasing rate (per year)

Metropolis Category 1 1.00%

from 2011 to 2020 Big City Category 2 1.00%

Small city Category 3 1.00%

County Category 4 1.00%

increasing rate (per year)

Metropolis Category 1 1.00%

from 2021 to 2030 Big City Category 2 1.00%

Small city Category 3 1.00%

County Category 4 1.00%

SOGREAH/DELFT – JUNE 2005– APPENDIX B B8 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLAN (C) Assume population increasing rates for each category:

Table 2-7: Population Increasing Rates increasing rate(per year)

Metropolis Category 1 2.70%

from 2000 to 2010 Big City Category 2 2.50%

Small city Category 3 1.90%

County Category 4 1.76%

increasing rate(per year)

Metropolis Category 1 1.10%

from 2011 to 2020 Big City Category 2 1.10%

Small city Category 3 1.28%

County Category 4 0.90%

increasing rate(per year)

Metropolis Category 1 1.00%

from 2021 to 2030 Big City Category 2 1.00%

Small city Category 3 0.85%

County Category 4 0.64%

(D) The waste production from registered population is then calculated according to the following formula:

(Population × (1+ increasing rate)) × (wastewater produced per person per year × (1+ increasing rate)) = wastewater quantity

Population × pollutants load per person per year × (1+increasing rate) = pollutants quantity

2）. Migrant Population’s Waste Production

(A) Assume the percentage of migrant population to registered population:

Table 2-8: Percentage of Migrant Population to Registered Population 2000 2005 2010 2020 2030

Metropolis 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 Big city 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 Small city 0 0 0 0 0 County 0 0 0 0 0

(B) Presume the percentage of migrant pollutant load to registered pollutant load:

Table 2-9: Percentage of Migrant Pollutant load to Registered Pollutant Load

WW COD NH3-N TN TP mig to reg 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

(C) The waste production is then calculated according to the following formula:

SOGREAH/DELFT – JUNE 2005– APPENDIX B B9 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLAN Registered population × Migrant percentage × wastewater produced per person per year × 0.7 = wastewater produced by Migrant population

Registered population × Migrant percentage × pollutants load per person per year × 0.7 = pollutants quantity.

2.2 Connection to sewers and to WWTPs

The above calculations provide the general production in terms of Wastewater, COD, NH4-N, TN and TP. However, no data available for BOD load. So, BOD load is estimated based on COD, with the exchanged rate of 0.45. That is, BOD load = 0.45 × COD load.

The point source pollutions, industrial pollution and domestic pollution, will then be connected to sewers and WWTPs. The connection rates are assumed according to the following tables.

Table 2-10: Industry Connection Rates Industry

Connection Rate

Metropolis 50%

2000，2005 Big City 50%

Small city 50%

County 50%

Connection Rate

Metropolis 50%

2010 Big City 50%

Small city 50%

County 50%

Connection Rate

Metropolis 50%

2020 Big City 50%

Small city 50%

County 50%

Connection Rate

Metropolis 50%

2030 Big City 50%

Small city 50%

County 50%

Table 2-11: Domestic Connection Rates Domestic

2000，2005 Connection Rate Metropolis 70%

SOGREAH/DELFT – JUNE 2005– APPENDIX B B10 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLAN Big City 50%

Small city 40%

County 30%

Connection Rate

Metropolis 90%

2010 Big City 80%

Small city 70%

County 70%

Connection Rate

Metropolis 100%

2020 Big City 100%

Small city 90%

County 90%

Connection Rate

Metropolis 100%

2030 Big City 100%

Small city 95%

County 95%

2.3 Reduction by WWTPs

In the year of 2000, all the WWTPs in SRB include 11 existing WWTPs, 8 WWTPs under construction, and 193 proposed WWTPs in the near future.

All of these WWTPs can be concluded into two categories: primary treatment plants and Secondary treatment plants. Based on substantive survey, only two WWTPs can be recognized as Primary treatment WWTPs: Nierji WWTP and Changchun North Suburb WWTP; all the other plants are regarded as secondary treatment plants.

The average treatment efficiencies for both domestic and industrial WWTPs are estimated as the following table.

Table 2-12: WWTP Treatment Efficiency

COD BOD NH4-N TN TP Secondary 80.00% 90.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00%

Primary treatment 55.00% 65.00% 0.00% 10.00% 90.00%

Note: all the above parameters are from practical experienced on Shanghai Hanxi WWTP (November 2000) and Shanghai Sanjintan (April 2001).

Then, the pollutant load reduction by WWTP, COD removal for instance, is calculated as:

COD removal by WWTP (kg/d) = IF(Capacity of WWTP > wastewater production),

SOGREAH/DELFT – JUNE 2005– APPENDIX B B11 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLAN then (Total COD quantity(Kg/d) × Treatment efficiency), otherwise (Capacity of WWTP(m3/d) × Total COD quantity (Kg/d) / Total Wastewater Quantity for some city (m3/d) × Treatment efficiency)

And then: Total COD quantity in some city (kg/d) – COD removal by WWTP (kg/d) = COD discharged into surface water from some city (kg/d)

The wastewater quantity is assumed not to change after WWTP treatment.

After all the above calculation, the wastewater and pollutants are then assumed discharged into river.

SOGREAH/DELFT – JUNE 2005– APPENDIX B B12 PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA-THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT-TA4061-PRC DARFT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Long List of Projects

Location Treatment Capacity Investment Water Price(Yuan/t) Investment Composed(M Yuan) Project Planning EPB Planning SEPA Planning COD Abate Stage Remarks Land ment Prov. Code Sector 104 t/d Total Cost Estimate(million Yuan) Requisitio Base Line O&M Treatment Catchment River/ Code Name of WWTP n Cost Cost (M Cost(M WWT/WW Proposed in Proposed in Type Water Financed by Self- 2003~2 2006~2 County/City Included Yuan) Yuan/a) Discharge Borrowing "10th 5-year "11th 5-year 2005 2010 2015 Supply Government financing 005 010 LS EPB SEPA SURVEY LS EPB SEPA SURVEY (M Yuan) Charge Plan" Plan" LS EPB SEPA t/a

An'tu County WW Treatment Project (Phase J 01A 40A D 45,61 X I) 2,00 Erdaobai Yanbian Prefecture An'tu County WW Treatment Project (Phase J 01B 40B D 45,61 X II) 2,00

Fusong County WW Treatment Project J 02A 26A D 1,50 36,00 1,50 X Proposal (Phase I) Fusong Songjiang County(Baishan City) Fusong County WW Treatment Project J 02B 26B D 36,00 (Phase II) 1,50 X

Jingyu County WW Treatment Project J 3A 25A D 1,50 36,00 1,50 X X Proposal (Phase I) Jingyu County(Banshan Zhuzi City) Jingyu County WW Treatment Project J 3B 25B D 36,00 (Phase II) 1,50 X

Liuhe County WW Treatment Project (Phase J 04A 35A D 3,00 5,00 65,26 110,00 2,00 X X Proposal FSR I) Liuhe County( City) Liuhe County WW Treatment Project (Phase J 04B 35B D 65,26 II) 3,00 X

J 05A 33A D Meihekou WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 5,00 11,00 120,00 110,00 280,9 13,46 241,06 30,55 1.2~2.5 140,90 140,00 X X X Proposal FSR Meihekou City(Tonghua City) J 05B 33B D Meihekou WW Treatment Project (Phase II) 5,00 110,00 X Dongfeng County WW Treatment Project J 06A 37A D (Phase I) 5,00 120,00 X FSR Liaoyuan City Dongfeng County WW Treatment Project J 06B 37B D Huifa (Phase II) 3,00 66,00 X

J 07A 34A D Huinan County WWTP(Phase I) Huinan 4,00 5,00 90,28 110,00 2,50 X X X Proposal FSR County(Tonghua City) J 07B 34B D Huinan County WWTP(Phase II) 4,00 90,26 . X

J 08A 36A D Huadian WWTP(Phase I) Huadian County(Jilin 5,00 3,00 120,00 120,00 3,00 2,10 38,00 82,00 X X X Proposal FSR City) J 08B 36B D Huadian WWTP(Phase II) 5,00 120,00 X J 09A 38A D Panshi WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 4,00 5,00 90,00 110,00 99,94 2,00 2,10 29,98 69,96 X X X Proposal FSR

Panshi County(Jilin J 09B 38B D Panshi WW Treatment Project (Phase II) City) 4,00 90,00 X

J 10A 39A D Jiaohe WW Treatment Project (Phase I) Jiaohe County(Jilin 5,00 3,00 120,00 60,37 3,00 2,10 14,15 46,22 X X X Proposal FSR Jiao J 10B 39B D Jiaohe WW Treatment Project (Phase II) City) 5,00 120,00 X

Yitong County WW Treatment Project (Phase J 11A 13A D 3,00 5,00 60,00 105,00 2,00 X X X Proposal FSR I) Yitong County(Siping City) Second Yitong County WW Treatment Project (Phase J 11B 13B D 60,00 Songhua II) 3,00 X Gongzhuling Dangjia Town WW Treatment J12 D Siping City 15 Project 5,00 120,00 X FSR Changchun Beijiao WWTP and Treated J132 D Wastewater Reuse 39,00 13,00 288,46 271,98 226,65 1,26 X FSR Changchun Beijiao Sewage Construction and ADBPPTA J143 D 10,00 248,85 388,43 323,69 X FSR Rehabilitation 4227 Changchun Nanjiao WWTP and Treated J154AD 293,12 93,49 310,04 Wastewater Reuse 15,00 252,00 372,05 8,00 1,26 X X X FSR Changchun Western Suburb WW Recycling J176 D 5,00 190,00 191,87 4,00 X X X Proposal FSR Yitong Project Changchun Economic Development Zone J188 D 10,00 200,20 X FSR Northern WW Treatment Project Changchun City Changchun Yanming Lake WW Treatment J199 D Project 15,00 305,67 X FSR J 20 10 D Changchun Southlake Recharge Project 2,00 31,44 X FSR

Auto Industrial Park WW Treatment Project in J 21 11 D Changchun Hi-technology Development Zone 5,00 120,00 X FSR

Residential and Public Services Zone WW J 22 12 D Treatment Project in Changchun Hi- 10,00 250,00 X FSR technology Development Zone J 23A 14A D Nong'an WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 5,00 110,00 120,00 2,50 X X X Proposal FSR Nong'an County J 23B 14B D Nong'an WW Treatment Project (Phase II) 5,00 110,00 X

J 24A 16A D Jiutai WW Treatment Project (Phase I) Jiutai 5,00 110,00 3,00 X X X Proposal FSR County(Changchun City) J 24B 16B D Jiutai WW Treatment Project (Phase II) 5,00 110,00 X Yinma

J 25A 17A D Dehui WW Treatment Project (Phase I) Dehui 5,00 110,00 120,00 3,00 X X X Proposal FSR County(Changchun) J 25B 17B D Dehui WW Treatment Project (Phase II) 5,00 110,00 X Yongji County WW Treatment Project (Phase J 26A 27A D 3,00 66,00 2,00 X X Proposal I) Kouqian Town(Jilin Yongji County WW Treatment Project (Phase City) J 26B 27B D 66,00 II) 3,00 Jilin Economic Tech. Development Zone WW J 27 28 D Treatment Project 5,00 6,00 120,00 151,37 13,03 79,19 7,77 0,90 40,55 110,82 X FSR Mainstream J 28 29 D Jilin Beidahu WW Treatment Project Jilin City 0,50 0,50 18,50 18,50 2,10 4,40 14,12 X FSR J 29 30B D Jilin WW Treatment Project (Phase II) 60,00 1240,00 X Songyuan Jiangbei WW Treatment Project 2.00~8.0 J 30A 23A D 5,00 105,00 120,00 470,00 3,00 0.4~1.6 100,00 370,00 X X Proposal FSR (Phase I) 0 SOGREAH/DELFT-JUNE 2005 Songyuan City C1 PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA-THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT-TA4061-PRC DARFT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Long List of Projects

Location Treatment Capacity Investment Water Price(Yuan/t) Investment Composed(M Yuan) Project Planning EPB Planning SEPA Planning COD Abate Stage Remarks Land ment Prov. Code Sector 104 t/d Total Cost Estimate(million Yuan) Requisitio Base Line O&M Treatment Catchment River/Tributary Code Name of WWTP n Cost Cost (M Cost(M WWT/WW Proposed in Proposed in Type Water Financed by Self- 2003~2 2006~2 County/City Included Yuan) Yuan/a) Discharge Borrowing "10th 5-year "11th 5-year 2005 2010 2015 Supply Government financing 005 010 LS EPB SEPA SURVEY LS EPB SEPA SURVEY (M Yuan) Charge Plan" Plan" LS EPB SEPA t/a

Songyuan City Songyuan Jiangbei WW Treatment Project J 30B 23B D 105,00 (Phase II) 5,00 X Mohe FSR Duobukuli H3196DJiagedaqi District WW Treatment Project County(Daxing'anling 8,00 3,00 203,45 103,40 X X FSR 4600 prefecture) approved Erlunchun Banner Dayangshu Town WW Erlunchun Banner 10元/户 Primary N 32 47 D 2,00 47,12 74,66 4,76 1 30,63 26,26 30,63 X Treatment Project (Hulunber City) 月 Design Gan Erlunchun Banner Alihe Town WW Treatment Erlunchun Banner 1.5(0.5 10元/户 N33 D 48,58 0,3 68,61 5,65 1 28,75 28,75 24,64 Project (Hulunber City) recycling) 月 A'rong 1.3(0.5 Stabilizatio A'lun N3499DA'rong Banner WW Treatment Project 1,50 69,00 43,32 0,30 54,74 5,10 1.7~6 32,54 13,02 19,53 X FSR Banner(Hulunber City) recycling) n Pond Nehe County(Qiqihar FSR Nermoer H3594 D Nehe WWTP 2,74 4,00 101,80 102,40 X X FSR 5000 City) approved Gan'nan Proposal Yin H3695DGan'nan County WW Treatment Project 5,00 110,00 X County(Qiqihar City) approved Yi'an County(Qiqihar H3751DYi'an County WWTP 100,00 City) 2,00 X FSR 4000 Wuyuer H3849DKeshan County WWTP 1,00 52,46 X FSR 2500 H3950DKedong County WWTP Qiqihar City 1,00 64,24 X FSR 2500 Yalu H4053DLongjiang County WWTP 5,00 110,00 X X FSR FSR 6300 1.5(0.5 Chao'er N41 DZhalaite Banner Yinder Town WWTP Xing'an League 54,00 0,70 52,41 4,61 0.4~4.0 1,50 39,21 14,79 X recycling)

Zhenlai County WW Treatment Project J 42A 43A D 3,00 5,00 68,00 120,00 2,00 X X X Proposal FSR (Phase I) Zhenlai County(Baicheng City) Zhenlai County WW Treatment Project J 42B 43B D 68,00 (Phase II) 3,00 X

J 43A 41A D Baicheng WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 5,00 113,00 112,65 190,00 3,00 X X Proposal FSR Baicheng City J 43B 41B D Baicheng WW Treatment Project (Phase II) 5,00 112,65 0,00 1.5~2.0 0.3-0.7 X

Tao'er J 44A 44A D Tao'nan WW Treatment Project (Phase I) Taonan 4,00 5,00 95,00 120,00 2,50 X X X Proposal FSR County(Baicheng City) J 44B 44B D Tao'nan WW Treatment Project (Phase II) 4,00 95,00 X Nen Xing'an League Tuquan WW Network and Tuquan County(Xing'an 1.6(0.5 N4545 D 2,00 46,90 51,83 X Proposal WW Treatment Project League) recycling) Wulanhaote Economic Tech. Development N46 D Xing'an League 4,00 79,33 5,40 77,02 12,36 1,00 0,25 X Zone WW Treatment Project （Phase I） Wulanhaote WW Treatment Plant Extension 3.3(2.0 N47 D Xing'an League 145,71 Project recycling) Keyouzhong Xing'an League Keyouzhong Banner N4846D Banner(Xing'an Bayanhushu Town WW Treatment Project 2,00 1.3(0.5) 38,00 41,77 X Huolin League) Huolinguole N4998DHuolinguole WW Treatment Extension Project County( City) 5,00 1.0 recycling 80,00 8,00 J 50 22 D Changling County WW Treatment Project 5,00 120,00 X FSR Songyuan City J 51 21 D Qian'an County WW Treatment Project 5,00 120,00 X FSR Tongyu County WW Treatment Project J 52A 42A D (Phase I) 5,00 120,00 X FSR Baicheng City Tongyu County WW Treatment Project J 52B 42B D (Phase II) 2,50 54,00 X Proposal H5356DNenjiang County WW Treatment Project Heihe City 4,00 2,00 3,00 60,00 74,00 73,04 63,80 6,98 2.1~5.0 0.8~1.5 73,04 X approved 1.1(0.5 N5548DWW Treatment Project in Nierji of Mo Banner Hulunber City 3,00 42,30 37,88 X recycling) H5655DQiqihar Sewage Collection System 10,00 10,00 200,00 197,87 0,50 X Upgrading Project on Associated Facilities of H 57 D Qiqihar Urban Domestic WWTP 65,00 6,50 58,50 Mainstream Domestic WW Treatment Project in Qiqihar Qiqihar City H5854D 786,17 197,87 1.5~3.5 0.4~0.5 Urban Area(Phase 2) 19,84 10,00 X FSR 12200 FSR H5952DFulaerji District WWTP 5,00 10,00 10,00 120,00 210,82 230,079,45 199,72 17,70 6897,60 161,10 X X FSR 6300 approved

J 60A 20A D Da'an WW Treatment Project (Phase I) Da'an 4,00 5,00 83,00 110,00 2,50 X X X Proposal FSR County(Songyuan City) J 60B 20B D Da'an WW Treatment Project (Phase II) 4,00 83,00 X H6188DZhaoyuan County WW Treatment Project 2,00 107,94 X Proposal Anzhaoxin Proposal H6289DDaqing Kulipao Oxidation Pond 27,00 60,00 180,00 230,00 2,25 214,24 5,75 3,00 0,90 115,10 46,03 69,06 X approved WW Recycling Project in Eastern Daqing FSR H6390D Daqing City 4,50 6,50 100,72 76,97 0,00 58,75 5,55 1,50 0,50 39,97 37,00 X Urban Area approved Daqing Hongwei Chemical Industrial Zone Proposal H6491D 4,00 100,00 X WW Recycling Project approved Daqing Liming River Upstream WW Zhaolanxin H6592D 30,00 Treatment Project 0,82 X FSR 1500 Proposal H6683DAn'da WW Treatment Project Suihua City 4,00 130,00 X approved Zhaodong FSR H6787DZhaodong WW Treatment Project 4,11 4,00 5,00 180,00 100,00 149,25 X X FSR 6000 County(Suihua City) approved SOGREAH/DELFT-JUNE 2005 C2 PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA-THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT-TA4061-PRC DARFT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Long List of Projects

Location Treatment Capacity Investment Water Price(Yuan/t) Investment Composed(M Yuan) Project Planning EPB Planning SEPA Planning COD Abate Stage Remarks Land ment Prov. Code Sector 104 t/d Total Cost Estimate(million Yuan) Requisitio Base Line O&M Treatment Catchment River/Tributary Code Name of WWTP n Cost Cost (M Cost(M WWT/WW Proposed in Proposed in Type Water Financed by Self- 2003~2 2006~2 County/City Included Yuan) Yuan/a) Discharge Borrowing "10th 5-year "11th 5-year 2005 2010 2015 Supply Government financing 005 010 LS EPB SEPA SURVEY LS EPB SEPA SURVEY (M Yuan) Charge Plan" Plan" LS EPB SEPA t/a

J 68A 31A D Shulan WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 5,00 5,00 3,00 120,00 105,00 99,60 2,10 19,80 79,80 X FSR Shulan City J 68B 31B D Shulan WW Treatment Project (Phase II) 5,00 120,00

J 69A 19A D Yushu WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 5,00 110,00 120,00 3,00 X X X Proposal FSR Yushu City J 69B 19B D Yushu WW Treatment Project (Phase II) 5,00 110,00 X Yushu J7018 D Yushu Wukeshu WW Treatment Project 3,00 60,00 X FSR Lalin County(Changchun)

Fuyu County WW Treatment Project (Phase J 71A 24A D 2,00 5,00 50,00 105,00 2,00 X X X Proposal FSR I) Sanchahe Town(Songyuan City) Fuyu County WW Treatment Project (Phase J 71B 24B D 50,00 X II) 2,00 Wuchang H 72 101 D Wuchang WWTP 130,00 139,79 0 County(Harbin City) 6,85 3,00 3,00 139,79 74,79 65 X X FSR FSR 3000 Shuangcheng Proposal H7371DShuangcheng WWTP 68,49 5,00 130,00 150,00 X X FSR 5000 County(Harbin City) approved Peiketu H7472DBin County WW Treatment Project Bin County(Harbin City) 4,00 2,00 100,00 87,95 X FSR

Acheng County(Harbin FSR A'shi H7570DA'cheng WWTP 10,00 5,00 5,00 150,00 124,38 126,9 X X FSR 5000 City) approved Shangzhi County FSR Mayi H7673DShangzhi WWTP 6,85 4,00 4,00 130,00 199,32 105,32 94 X X FSR 3000 (Harbin City) approved

H 77A 57A D Dunhua WW Treatment Project (Phase I) 5,00 120,00 3,00 X X X Proposal FSR Dunhua City H 77B 57B D Dunhua WW Treatment Project (Phase II) 5,00 120,00 X approved Mudanjiang Jingbo Lake Area WW Treatment H7875D Mudanjiang City Project 13,00 2,00 50,00 100,00 X 5 treatment stations Main Mudan Ning'an Songhua H7976DNing'an WWTP County(Mudanjiang 1,64 3,00 2,00 96,00 70,00 62,35 0,00 53,97 5,108 1,63 44,5407 17,81 X X FSR 1800 City) FSR H8074DMudanjiang WW Treatment Plant (Phase II) Mudanjiang City 8,22 20,00 10,00 700,00 719,31 2400 610 0,27 159 550 X X FSR 21000 approved Hailin H8177DHailin WWTP County(Mudanjiang 1,64 5,00 2,00 103,07 120,00 179,042 10,16 1,83 26 32. 0 95,07 X X FSR Proposal 1500 City) FSR Woken H8279DQitaihe Central WWTP Qitaihe City 5,00 171,44 X X FSR 5100 approved FSR Anbang H8378DShuangyashan WWTP (Phase I) Shuangyashan City 8,22 18,00 250,00 370,00 X X FSR 4700 approved FSR Tongken H8484DHailun WW Treatment Project Hailun City/Suihua City 1,20 4,00 4,00 30,00 165,00 157,80 X approved Hulan County(Harbin FSR H8566DHulan County WWTP 6,85 10,00 130,00 518,57 X X FSR 3000 City) approved Tieli County(Yichun Proposal Hulan H8686DTieli WWTP 5,00 350,00 125,00 X X FSR 5300 City) approved FSR H8782DSuihua WW Treatment Project Suihua City 1,92 2,00 5,00 67,22 50,00 170,74 X X FSR 4000 approved FSR H8885DYichun District WWTP 4,93 5,00 160,00 125,00 X X FSR 2200 Tangwang Yichun City approved Yichun Nancha District WW Treatment H 89 108 D Project 5,00 5,00 30,00 130,00 X Proposal Wutong H9081DHegang Domestic WW Treatment Project Hegang City 12,33 12,00 380,00 300,00 X X FSR 16200 FSR H9160DHarbin Hejiagou WWTP 20,00 40,00 500,00 495,35 1106,25 0 0.9~2.3 1106,25 X X FSR 18300 approved FSR H 92 106 D Bayan County WW Treatment Project 4,00 2,00 2,00 100,00 122,00 128,41 0,00 68,41 60,00 X approved Harbin City FSR H 93 104 D Mulan County WW Treatment Project 2,00 2,00 2,00 80,00 105,31 105,31 0,00 55,31 50,00 X approved H 94 107 D Tonghe County WW Treatment Project 2,00 2,00 2,00 80,00 88,49 88,49 0,00 46,49 42,00 X FSR H 95 105 D Yilan County WW Treatment Project 4,00 3,00 80,00 94,46 X FSR Tangyuan Proposal Mainstream H 96 100 D Tangyuan County WWTP 2,00 2,00 2,00 75,00 81,97 81,97 33 15,97 33 X X FSR 4800 County(Jiamusi City) approved H 97 97B D Jiamusi WW Treatment Project (Phase II) Jiamusi 10,00 120,00 X Huachuan FSR H9868DHuachuan WW Treatment Project 2,00 2,00 95,57 95,57 3,18 81,81 2,40 38,40 18,77 38,40 X County(Jiamusi City) approved H9980DSuibin County WW Treatment Project Hegang City 1,00 2,00 23,00 84,44 X Proposal Fujin County(Jiamusi FSR H 100 67 D Fujin WWTP 3,00 4,00 2,00 75,00 148,44 148,443,76 125,57 3,5 28 30,44 90 X X FSR 2100 City) approved Tongjiang FSR H 101 69 D Tongjiang WWTP 2,00 2,00 103,31 81,42 81,42 60 21,42 X X FSR 1100 County(Jiamusi City) approved

J 102 164 I Meihekou Brewery WW Treatment Project 3,00 X Meihekou City(Tonghua City) Meihekou Haishan Paper Making Company J 103 I 0,45 X 146 WWTP X SOGREAH/DELFT-JUNE 2005 C3 PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA-THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT-TA4061-PRC DARFT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Long List of Projects

Location Treatment Capacity Investment Water Price(Yuan/t) Investment Composed(M Yuan) Project Planning EPB Planning SEPA Planning COD Abate Stage Remarks Land ment Prov. Code Sector 104 t/d Total Cost Estimate(million Yuan) Requisitio Base Line O&M Treatment Catchment River/Tributary Code Name of WWTP n Cost Cost (M Cost(M WWT/WW Proposed in Proposed in Type Water Financed by Self- 2003~2 2006~2 County/City Included Yuan) Yuan/a) Discharge Borrowing "10th 5-year "11th 5-year 2005 2010 2015 Supply Government financing 005 010 LS EPB SEPA SURVEY LS EPB SEPA SURVEY (M Yuan) Charge Plan" Plan" LS EPB SEPA t/a

Huifa Huinan J 104 I Huinan Paper Mill WW Treatment Project 1,00 162 County(Tonghua City) X SWRPB WW Recycling Project in Mineral Selecting Panshi County(Jilin J 105 I 0,55 20 20,00 X 145 Plant of Jilin Nickel Industrial Company City) X WW Treatment Project of Minggang Mineral Huadian County(Jilin J 106 I 1,60 163 Industry Co. in Huadian City) X Alcoholic fermentation WW Recycling of Yitong County(Siping J 107 I 2,80 159 Alcohol Factory in Yitong County City) X WW Treatment Project in Medical Garden of J 108 134 I 0,40 0,36 30 X X FSR Second Changchun Hi-Tech Development Zone Yitong Songhua Jilin Prov. Fenghua Paper Mill WW Treatment J 109 I Changchun City 0,30 158 Project X SWRPB WW Treatment Plant and Water Recycling J 110 I 0,35 0,633 0,63 X 137 Project in Jilin Deda Co., Ltd 0,30 X 3000 Shuangyang Xinlong Chemi-industrial Plant J 111 I Shuangyang 2,60 160 WW Treatment Project X Yinma County(Changchun Shuangyang Paper Mill WW Treatment J 112 I City) 3,30 161 Project X WWTP of newly Built Vanillin Project in Jilin J 113 I 40 40,00 X 139 Chemical Industrial Company 0,38 X WW Treatment Membrane Process and Mainstream J 114 140 I Recycling Project in Jilin Chemical Fiber Jilin City 0,38 29,92 29,92 X X Industrial Company in Jilin Prov. Rebuilding of WW Pretreatment System in J 115 I 0,361 0,36 X 141 WWTP of Jilin Chemical Industrial Company 5,48 X 1160 Lantian Sugar Mill wastewater treatment N 116 I 0,81 0,6 26,26 0 24,72 7,72 2,156 26,26 X 156 project X Zhalantun Yili Diary Industry Company Zhalantun(Hulunuber N 117 I 0,1 X 157 wastewater treatment project League) X Yalu Jiulong Xing'an Paper Co., Ltd WW N 118 I 3,33 5,08 1,6 1,05 155 Treatment Project in IMAR Hulunbeier Zhalatun Industrial WW Treatment N 119 I Hulunuber City 167 and Cleaning Production Project 4,93 120,00 X Wuyuer H 120 149 I Yi'an County Sugar Refinery WWTP 0,14 40 X X 1500 HLJ Sida Paper-making Co., Ltd. Integrated Qiqihar City 121 118 I 0,20 0,02 69,5 121,53 0,00 107,99 14,85 26,53 95,00 X X X 800 Environmental Treatment Project 22~2050 Mainstream Qiqihar Hong'guang Sugar Refinery WW Proposal H 122 152 I Qiqihar City 0,40 0,40 10,9 X X 5000 Treatment Project approved Zhalaite WW Treatment Project of Xing'an League Chao'er N 123 I Banner(Xing'an 15 Nen 165 Zhalaite Banner Brewery Co. 0,27 X League)

Keyouzhong Water N 124 I Kerqin Wine Co., Ltd WW Recycling Project Banner(Xing'an savings Recycling 0,8 0,06 0.4~4.0 X League) 100000t/a

Tuquan County(Xing'an N 125 I Tuquan County Paper Mill Co.,Ltd WWTP 20,03 0.4~4.0 20,03 X League) Tao'er Tuquan County Lianhuashan Copper Mine Jiulong Town(Tuquan N 126 I 2 0.4~4.0 2 WWTP County)

J 127 154 I Baicheng Paper Mill 75t Alkali Recycle Project Baicheng City 29,94 29,94 X X 4000 Tao'nan WW Reuse and Ecological Taonan J 128 I 35 35,00 X 153 Restoration Project County(Baicheng City) 2,00 X 4632 Huolinguole Xingfa Company WW Treatment Huolinguole Huolin N 129 I 3 166 Project County(Tongliao City) 0,27 X Mudanjiang Hengfeng Papermaking Company H 130 I 50 X X 120 wastewater treatment plant 1,23 1,23 X 7700 Mudanjiang Pharmaceutical Factory Mudanjiang H 131 I Mudanjiang City 20 X X 121 wastewater treatment plant 0,41 0,41 X 2600 Mudanjiang Chaihe Limber wastewater H 132 I 15 4,5 0 X X 122 treatment plant 0,82 0,82 2,00 1,30 0,27 0,58 0,88 3,04 X Adjusted 5100 Boli County Flax Mill wastewater treatment Woken H 133 I Qitaihe City 2,80 X X 129 project 0,04 X 300 Jixian County Paper Mill Oxidation Pond H 134 I 18 X X 127 Extension 0,41 X 1000 Anbang Shuangyashan City Jixian Mine Water Recycling and Extension H 135 I 15 X X 128 Project 2,05 X 100 Yichhun Youhao Timber Mill Plant wastewater H 136 131 I 0,25 14 X X X 1200 Main treatment project Songhua Tangwang H 137 132 I Yichun Brewery WW Treatment Project Yichun City 0,04 3,65 X X X 100 Yichun Nancha Hydrolyzed Plant WW H 138 I 6,00 X X 133 Treatment Project 0,08 X 100 Harbin No. 2 Chemical Industrial Factory H 139 I 18 22,73 0 21,93 4,70 0,60 0,90 X X 110 treatment and recycling project 0,20 0,20 1,50 22,73 X Proposal 500 Harbin City Harbin Dong Light Industry Deeper Treatment H 140 I 16 26,22 4,3 3,45 1,57 X X 111 and Recycling Project 0,15 0,15 0,60 7,86 8,36 10,00 X Proposal 600 FSR under H 141 124 I Heilong Pesticide WWTP 0,04 6,573 0 0.7元/当量 6,57 8000 Mainstream approval Jiamusi City Dongfang Sugar Co., Ltd. wastewater H 142 I 1 mil t/a 15 20 20 0 X X 125 treatment reconstruction project 0,15 2,60 20,00 X 2600 Cyanide Effluent Treatment and Integrated H 143 130 I Utilization in Dongfengshan Cyanide Carbon Jiamusi City 0,01 5,00 X X X 100 Plant in Tangyuan County Zhalantun WW Network Extension and Zhalantun(Hulunuber Yalu N 144 N 1.5 recycling 22,37 Wastewater Recycling Project League) Tao'er N 145 N Keryouqian Banner Huanmei WWTP Project Keryouqian Banner 0.5 recycling 14,00 Fuyu County/Qiqihar D Fuyu County WWTP 5,00 H 146 City 126,00 Mainstream /Qiqihar Nen D Tailai County Oxidation Pond H 147 City 3,00 47,30 SOGREAH/DELFT-JUNE 2005 C4 PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA-THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT-TA4061-PRC DARFT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Long List of Projects

Location Treatment Capacity Investment Water Price(Yuan/t) Investment Composed(M Yuan) Project Planning EPB Planning SEPA Planning COD Abate Stage Remarks Land ment Prov. Code Sector 104 t/d Total Cost Estimate(million Yuan) Requisitio Base Line O&M Treatment Catchment River/Tributary Code Name of WWTP n Cost Cost (M Cost(M WWT/WW Proposed in Proposed in Type Water Financed by Self- 2003~2 2006~2 County/City Included Yuan) Yuan/a) Discharge Borrowing "10th 5-year "11th 5-year 2005 2010 2015 Supply Government financing 005 010 LS EPB SEPA SURVEY LS EPB SEPA SURVEY (M Yuan) Charge Plan" Plan" LS EPB SEPA t/a

Baiquan County/Qiqihar Shuangyang D WWTP H 148 City 1,25 46,86

WW Treatment Project in Daxing'an Range Gan D Area Songling District H 149 Daxing'an Range Area 1,00 15,00 Harbin City WW Treatment D H 150 Project Harbin City 10,00 373,52 Main Songhua D WW Treatment Project H 151 Harbin City 1,50 72,00 Mayi H 152 D WW Treatment Project Harbin City 2,00 105,00 H 153 D Qinggang County WW Treatment Project Suihua City 3,00 100,00 H 154 D WW Treatment Project Suihua City 4,00 100,00 tongken H 155 D WW Treatment Project Suihua City 1,90 71,80 H 156 D WW Treatment Project Suihua City 4,00 130,00 Hulan H 157 D Qing'an County WW Treatment Project Suihua City 3,00 92,50 Keyin H 158 D WW Treatment Project Suihua City 4,00 100,00 D Yichun City Tangwanghe District WWTP Yichun City Main H 159 3,00 103,40 Songhua H 160 D Yichun City Xinqing District WWTP Yichun City 3,00 103,40 H 161 D Yichun City Wuying District WWTP Yichun City 3,00 103,40 Tangwang H 162 D Yichun City Youhao District WWTP Yichun City 3,00 103,40 H 163 D Yichun City Xilin District WWTP Yichun City 3,00 103,40 H 164 D Yichun City Jinshantun WWTP Yichun City 2,00 105,31

SOGREAH/DELFT-JUNE 2005 C5 PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA-THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT-TA4061-PRC DARFT FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Long List of Projects

Location Treatment Capacity Investment Water Price(Yuan/t) Investment Composed(M Yuan) Project Planning EPB Planning SEPA Planning COD Abate Stage Remarks Land ment Prov. Code Sector 104 t/d Total Cost Estimate(million Yuan) Requisitio Base Line O&M Treatment Catchment River/Tributary Code Name of WWTP n Cost Cost (M Cost(M WWT/WW Proposed in Proposed in Type Water Financed by Self- 2003~2 2006~2 County/City Included Yuan) Yuan/a) Discharge Borrowing "10th 5-year "11th 5-year 2005 2010 2015 Supply Government financing 005 010 LS EPB SEPA SURVEY LS EPB SEPA SURVEY (M Yuan) Charge Plan" Plan" LS EPB SEPA t/a

H 165 D Harbin WWTP（Phase III） Harbin City 16 190 H 166 D Harbin Taiping WW Treatment Project Harbin City 32,5 330 Mainstream H 167 D Harbin Old New Area WWTP Harbin City 5 90 H 168 D Harbin Hulan District Old Area WWTP Harbin City 5 120 H 169 D Harbin Xinyigou WWTP Harbin City 15 440 Huachuan Woken H 170 D Huanan County WW Treatment Project 5 County/Jiamusi City 120 Songyuan City Jiangnan WW Treatment Mainstream J 171 D Songyuan City 5 Project 134,6 Water Environment Management Project of 10 (3 for Yitong J 172 D Upstream Yitong River and Xinlicheng Changchun City Second recycling) Reservoir in Changchun 130 Songhua Fusong County Songjianghe Town WW Fusong County/Baishan Songjiang J 173 D 2 Treatment Project City 78,26 Erdaobaihe Town WW Antu County/ Erdaobai J 174 D 2,1 Treatment Project Region 35,08 Mainstream H 175 D Jiamusi WW Treatment Project (Phase I) Jiamusi City 10 300 Main Daqing Chenjiadayuan Pond WW Songhua Zhaolanxin H 176 D Daqing City 6 130 Treatment Project

SOGREAH/DELFT-JUNE 2005 C6 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

APPENDIX D – PROJECT INVENTORY SHEET

Sogreah/Delft – June 2005– Appendix D People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

List of Project Inventory Sheet

Code Project Name Page No. 01A An'tu County Wastewater Treatment Project (Phase I) 3 02A Fusong County Wastewater Treatment Project (Phase I) 5 03A Jingyu County Wastewater Treatment Project (Phase I) 7 04A Liuhe County Wastewater Treatment Project (Phase I) 9 05A Meihekou Wastewater Treatment Project (Phase I) 11 06A Dongfeng County Wastewater Treatment Project (Phase I) 13 07A Huinan County Wastewater Treatment Project(Phase I) 15 08A Huadian Wastewater Treatment Project(Phase I) 17 09A Panshi Wastewater Treatment Project (Phase I) 19 10A Jiaohe Wastewater Treatment Project (Phase I) 21 13 Changchun Beijiao Wastewater Treatment Project and Treated Wastewater Reuse 23 15 Changchun Nanjiao Wastewater Treatment Project and Treated Wastewater Reuse 25 18 Changchun Economic Development Zone Northern Wastewater Treatment Project 27 19 Changchun Yanming Lake Wastewater Treatment Project 29 27 Jilin Economic Tech. Development Zone WW Treatment Project 31 28 Jilin Beidahu WW Treatment Project 33 29 Jilin City WWTP(Phase II) 35 31 Jiagedaqi District Wastewater Treatment Project 37 32 Erlunchun Banner Dayangshu Town Wastewater Treatment Project 39 34 A'rong Banner Wastewater Treatment Project 41 35 Nehe Wastewater Treatment Project 43 53 Nenjiang County Wastewater Treatment Project 45 55 Wastewater Treatment Project in Nierji of Hulunbeier 47 58 Domestic Wastewater Treatment Project in Qiqihar Urban Area(Phase II) 49 59 Fulaerji District Wastewater Treatment Project 51 60A Da'an Wastewater Treatment Project (Phase I) 53 62 Daqing Kulipao Oxidation Pond 55 63 Wastewater Recycling Project in Eastern Daqing Urban Area 57 68A Shulan WW Treatment Project(Phase I) 59 72 Wuchang WWTP 61 75 A’cheng WWTP 63 76 Shangzhi WWTP 65 77A Dunhua Wastewater Treatment Project (Phase I) 67 78 Mudanjiang Jingbo Lake Area WW Treatment Project 69 79 Ning'an Wastewater Treatment Project 71 80 Mudanjiang WW Treatment Plant(Phase II) 73 81 Hailin Wastewater Treatment Project 75 91 Harbin Hejiagou WWTP 77 92 Bayan County WW Treatment Project 79 93 Mulan County WW Treatment Project 81 94 Tonghe County WW Treatment Project 83 96 Tangyuan County WW Treatment Project 85 97 Jiamusi WW Treatment Project(Phase II) 87 98 Huachuan WW Treatment Project 89 100 Fujin Wastewater Treatment Project 91 101 Tongjiang WWTP 93 132 Mudanjiang Chaihe Papermaking WW Treatment Project 95 139 Harbin No.2 Chemical Industrial Factory Treatment and Recycling Project 97 140 Northeast Light Alloy Co.Ltd Treatment and Recycling Project 99 141 Sairui Group WW Treatment Project 101 142 Heilong Pesticide WWTP 103

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D2 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 01A

PROJECT NAME An'tu County WW Treatment Project (Phase I)

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY YANBIAN AUTONOMOUS REGION

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 45.61 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D3 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT 9

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

Project Capacity and Scope：20 thousand t/d for Phase I.

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D4 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 02A

PROJECT NAME Fusong County WW Treatment Project (Phase I)

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY BAISHAN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 36 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D5 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT 9

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

Project Capacity and Scope：15 thousand t/d for Phase I.

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D6 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 03A

PROJECT NAME Jingyu County WW Treatment Project (Phase I)

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY BAISHAN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 36 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D7 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT 9

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

Project Capacity and Scope：15 thousand t/d for Phase I.

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D8 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 04A

PROJECT NAME Liuhe County WW Treatment Project (Phase I)

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY TONGHUA

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 110 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D9 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT 9

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

Project Capacity and Scope：50 thousand t/d for Phase I.

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D10 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 05A

PROJECT NAME MEIHEKOU CITY WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROJECT（PHASE I ）

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY MEIHEKOU

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN SEPA 10 PLAN OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2000 REFERENCE DOCUMENT BY DRC OF PROVINCIAL LEVEL

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL 2000 DRC OF JILIN PROVINCE

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY MAR. 2005 FINISHED BY CHANGCHUN INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION DRC OF JILIN PROVINCE

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP WATER COMPANY Ld. OF MEIHEKOU CITY

OPERATION WATER COMPANY Ld. OF MEIHEKOU CITY

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 280.90 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST 13.46 YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D11 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 140.90

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 140.00

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST 30.55

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WASTE 1.2YUAN 2.5YUAN/t FOR RECYCLED USE WATER TREATMENT

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

The project is located in the southeastern of Jilin province, upper stream of the Huifa river. There are 226.3 thousands people in the urban area in the year of 2002. Amount of wastewater discharge is 44945 t/d and for industrial pollutant water is 4-mil t/year. Forecasted population is 320 thousands in the year of 2020 and amount of wastewater discharge is 108350 t/d. The planning phase of project is from year of 2005 to year of 2010. The current water supply is 16800 t/d and with the project of ‘water diversion from Hailong Reservoir financed by ADB’, the water supply will be 100000 t/d. The domestic water supply will be 140 l/d for per person in 2010 and the widespread rate of domestic water supply will be 85%. The designed intake index is following: COD=300mg/l,BOD5=180 mg/l,SS=160 mg/l,NH3-N=23 mg/l,TP=2.5

mg/l and the corresponding outlet index will be: COD=60mg/l,BOD5=20 mg/l,SS=20 mg/l,NH3-N=8（15） mg/l,TP=1.5 mg/l to meet the standard B of Class I. The project consists of waster water treatment plant, outbuildings and drainpipes with a total investment 280.9 mil Yuan including 35.14 mil Yuan of pipelines and 178.02 mil Yuan of plant construction. The base line cost is

241.06 mil Yuan.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Size : a plant with secondary treatment capacity of 80000 T/d and a system of waste water recycling treatment with a capacity of 30000 T/d ;

2. Design of pipeline: Length of drainpipes is 41.87km and 7.4km for pipelines of recycled water; 3.Treatment techniques: biological-oxidation system + coagulation – sedimentation system 4. Schedule: for 4 years

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D12 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 06A

PROJECT NAME Dongfeng County WW Treatment Project (Phase I)

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY LIAOYUAN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 120 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D13 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT 9

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

Project Capacity and Scope：50 thousand t/d for Phase I.

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D14 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 07A

PROJECT NAME Huinan County WWTP(Phase I)

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY TONGHUA

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 110 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D15 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT 9

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

Project Capacity and Scope：50 thousand t/d for Phase I.

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D16 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 08A

PROJECT NAME HUADIAN COUNTY WWTP

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY HUADIAN COUNTY, JILIN CITY

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN SEPA 10 PLAN OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2003 REFERENCE DOCUMENT NO. 289 [2003] OF PDRC

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2003 APPROVED BY PDRC EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 120.0 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST NO DATA YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D17 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 38.0

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 82.0

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST NO DATA

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER 2.1

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

TREATMENT CAPACITY : 30000 T/d

CONSTRUCTION PERIOD : 2 YEARS

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D18 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 09A

PROJECT NAME PANSHI COUNTY WWTP

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY PANSHI COUNTY, JILIN CITY

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN 10 PLAN SEPA OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2003 REFERENCE DOCUMENT NO 286 [2003] OF PDRC

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2003 APPROVED BY PDRC EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION PDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 99.94 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST NO DATA YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D19 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 29.98

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 69.96

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST NO DATA

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER Y2.1

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

TREATMENT CAPACITY: 30000 t/d

CONSTRUCTION PERIOD: 2 YEARS

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D20 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 10A

PROJECT NAME JIAOHE COUNTY WWTP

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY JIAOHE COUNTY, JILIN CITY

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN SEPA 10 PLAN OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2002 REFERENCE DOCUMENT NO 8 [2002] OF PDRC

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2002 APPROVED BY PDRC EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION PDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 60.37 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST NO DATA YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D21 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 14.15

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 46.22

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST NO DATA

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER Y2.1

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

TREATMENT CAPACITY : 30000 T/d

CONSTRUCTION PERIOD: 2 YEARS

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D22 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 13

PROJECT NAME Changchun Beijiao WWTP and Treated Wastewater Reuse

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY CHANGCHUN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2003 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [2003]1194

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2004 Completely EIA

RESETTLEMENT 2004 Approved by ADB PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION PDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 226.65 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST 21.666 YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D23 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING SOURCE AMOUNT (MILLION Y)

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 103.85

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING 122.79

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER 1.26

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION √

IMMEDIATE - URGENT

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

1. General Changchun, the capital of Jilin, has an urban population of about 3 million and is in the upper reaches of SRB, between Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces in the northeast of the PRC. The Yitong and Yongchun Rivers in Changchun, which flow into the Songhua, are highly polluted due to inadequate treatment of wastewater discharge. The Yitong and Yongchun do not meet Class V of national water quality standards, severely pollute

the Songhua, and threaten urban and downstream public health. Changchun Beijiao WWTP I was put into operation in 1995 with Class I treatment level and treatment capacity of 390 thousand t/d. According to the water quality of existing raw wastewater and treatment results, the effluent can not meet the national discharge standards. With the development of urban population, it is urgent to expend the sewer network and wastewater treatment capacity to improve water quality of the urban rivers. It is predicted that the discharge amount will increase to 803 thousand t/d in 2010.

2. Objective

The project will help significantly reduce discharge of untreated wastewater upstream of SRB and help the Changchun municipal government achieve its goal of 70% wastewater treatment rate by 2010. In the mean while, the recycling water will not only reuse effluent but also save large amount water resources of good quality. The implementation of the project can ensure the adequate environmental protection and pollution control required for sustainable economic growth. 3. Implementation Plan

Proposed construction period of Phase II is 3 years.

4. Cost Estimates：Total investment of Phase II is 226.65 million Yuan.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： 13*104 t/d for Phase II, including 10*104 recycling water capacity. 2. Total length of recycling water distribution network：33.5 km for Phase II with the size ranging from DN200 to DN1200. 3. Treatment Type：Secondary Treatment 4. Treatment Process：A2/O Process Wastewater : A2/O Reaction Tank→Sedimetnation→Filtration Recycling Water: Biological Aerated Filter→Mixing Tank→Flocculating Tank→Tube Settler Tanks→Uniform Media Backwash Filter Bed→Final Effluent Pumping Station→Chlorination Room

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D24 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 15

PROJECT NAME Changchun Nanjiao WWTP and Treated Wastewater Reuse

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY CHANGCHUN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2003 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [2003]1194

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2004 Completed EIA

RESETTLEMENT 2004 Approved by ADB PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION PDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 310.05 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST 50.835 YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D25 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING SOURCE AMOUNT (MILLION Y)

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 196.07

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING 113.97

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER 1.26

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

1. General Changchun, the capital of Jilin, has an urban population of about 3 million and is in the upper reaches of SRB, between Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces in the northeast of the PRC. The Yitong and Yongchun Rivers in Changchun, which flow into the Songhua, are highly polluted due to inadequate treatment of wastewater discharge. The Yitong and Yongchun do not meet Class V of national water quality standards, severely pollute

the Songhua, and threaten urban and downstream public Health. Changchun Beijiao WWTP I was put into operation in 1995 with Class I treatment level and treatment capacity of 390 thousand t/d. According to the water quality of existing raw wastewater and treatment results, the effluent can not meet the national discharge standards. Changchun Xijiao WWTP was completed in 2000 with 150 thousand t/d capacity and secondary treatment level. With the development of urban population, it is urgent to expend the sewer network and wastewater treatment capacity to improve water quality of the rivers. It is predicted that the discharge

amount will increase to 803 thousand t/d in 2010. 2. Objective The implementation will extend the sewer network in FAW Industrial Park and High-tech. Technology Development Zone in the southwest of Changchun. The project will help significantly reduce discharge of untreated wastewater upstream of SRB and help the Changchun municipal government achieve its goal of 70% wastewater treatment rate by 2010. In the mean while, the recycling water will not only reuse effluent but also save large amount water resources of good quality. The implementation of the project can ensure the adequate environmental protection and pollution control required for sustainable economic growth. 3. Implementation Plan Proposed construction period is 3 years. 4. Cost Estimates：Total investment is 310.05 million Yuan.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： 15*104 t/d for Phase II, including 5*104 recycling water capacity. 2. Total length of recycling water distribution network：15.9km with the size ranging from DN150 to DN900.

3. Treatment Type：Secondary Treatment

4. Treatment Process：BAF Process

Biological Aerated Filter→Coagulation→Settling→Filtration

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D26 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 18

PROJECT NAME Changchun Economic Development Zone Northern WW Treatment Project

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY CHANGCHUN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 200.2 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D27 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT 9

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

Project Capacity and Scope：100 thousand t/d.

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D28 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 19

PROJECT NAME Changchun Yanming Lake WW Treatment Project

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY CHANGCHUN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 305.67 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D29 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT 9

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

Project Capacity and Scope：150 thousand t/d.

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D30 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 27

PROJECT NAME Jilin Economic Tech. Development Zone WW Treatment Project

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY JILIN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2001 REFERENCE DOCUMENT JILIN MDRC DO. NO. [2001]203

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2001 APPROVED BY JILIN MDRC EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION JILIN MDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 151.37 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST 13.03 YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D31 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 40.55

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 110.82

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST 7.77

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER 0.9

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT 9

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

The project locates in the northwest of Jilin City, abutting on Songhua River to the east. The planning construction area of the development zone is 44.04km2, the planning period is 20 years (2000~2020). The Development zone mainly produces refined chemical industries, fiber, textile and etc, and will also develop bio pharmacy, agrochemicals and deep grain processing. The collection system adopts separate system.

Domestic water demand prediction: The current population is 38.1 thousand with water demand per capita of 180 l/c.d. It is predicted that the population will increase to 150 thousand, generating wastewater 240 thousand t in relation to water demand per capita of 200 l/c.d in 2010, and 250 thousand, generating wastewater 420 thousand t in relation to water demand per capita of 210 l/c.d in 2020.

Industrial water demand prediction: water demand of 100 thousand t, generating industrial wastewater 35 thousand t in 2010, and water demand of 200 thousand t, generating industrial wastewater 70 thousand t in 2020.

Implementation Plan: 2 years.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

Project Capacity and Scope：60 thousand t/d. The project will involve a WWTP, auxiliary structures and drainage pipelines. Design of Pipeline: the wastewater from the WWTP will discharged directly to the Songhua River by D1000 reinforced concrete pipes. Treatment process: A/O process

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D32 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 28

PROJECT NAME JILIN BEIDAHU WW TREATMENT PROJECT

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY JILIN CITY

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN 10 PLAN √ OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2003 REFERENCE DOCUMENT JILIN MDRC DO. NO. [2003]287

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2003 APPROVED BY JILIN MDRC EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION JILIN MDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 18.52 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST NO DATA YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D33 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 4.40

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 14.12

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST NO DATA

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER Y2.1

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT

PRIORITY 2 √

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

1. Project Capacity: 5000 t/d 2. Drainage network: 3. Treatment Process: 4. Construction Period: 2 years

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D34 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 29

PROJECT NAME JILIN CITY WWTP (PHASE II)

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY JILIN CITY

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN √ 10 PLAN OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 1240 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST NO DATA YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D35 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER Y1.4

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D36 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 31

PROJECT NAME Jiagedaqi District WW Treatment Project

PROJECT LOCATION HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY DAXINGANLING MOUNTAINS AREA

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 103.4 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D37 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT 9

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

Project Capacity and Scope：30 thousand t/d for Phase I.

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D38 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 32

PROJECT NAME Erlunchun Banner Dayangshu Town WW Treatment Project

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE IMAR CITY/COUNTY Erlunchun Banner

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2004 Completed EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION Banner Government

PLANNING Banner Construction Bureau

FINANCING Banner and Town Government

ASSET OWNERSHIP Wastewater Treatment Company

OPERATION Wastewater Treatment Company

REVENUE COLLECTION Wastewater Treatment Company

REVENUE RECIPIENT Banner and Town Financial Bureau

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 87.52 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST 0.3 YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D39 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING SOURCE AMOUNT (MILLION Y)

FISCAL ALLOCATION 30.63

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 26.26

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 30.63

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST 4.76

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER 1.00

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

1. General Dayangshu Town is under Elunchun Banner, locating at the north bank of the Gan River, the branch of the Nen River, with registered population of 80 thousand and migrant population of 50 thousand. In recent years the town has rapid development in hydraulic construction, wood and grain processing. Currently the town has not had sewer network and all the domestic and industrial wastewater is discharged into the Gan River or infiltrates into the soil. The urban storm water flows to the low-lying land by gravity and is removed by natural infiltration and evaporation. The open storm ditches become garage and sewage ditches. 2. Objective The implementation of the project can solve the discharge issues of domestic and industrial wastewater in urban area. The effluent can be used as stable and sanitary irrigation water resources, which in turn saves water resource with good quality. The excess sludge can be used as fertilizer to bring good economic benefit. The project will reduce the pollution on both river system and ground water.

3. Implementation Plan

Proposed construction period is 3 years.

4. Cost Estimates：total investment is 87.52 million Yuan, consisting of:

22.21 million Yuan for sewer network, 10.20 million Yuan for storm water network, 55.12 million Yuan for WWTP and 300 thousand Yuan for land acquisition. The baseline cost is 74.66 million Yuan.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： The capacity is 12000 t/d. The project includes WWTP and drainage network. 2. Total length of sewer network：46.2km totally including stromwater network 22.3Km and sewer network 23.9Km. 3. Treatment Type：Secondary Treatment： 4. Treatment Process：SBR Process Wastewater : Coarse Screen and Lifting Pump Station→Aerated Desilting Basin→SBR Tank→ Contact Tank→Effluent Sludge : Sludge→Concentrating Tank→Dewatering Room→Sanitary Landfill and Fertilizer Use

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D40 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 34

PROJECT NAME A'rong Banner Naji Town WW Treatment Project

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE IMAR CITY/COUNTY A'rong Banner

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2000 REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2000 Approved by Hulunbeier DRC EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION DRC, Construction Commission of Hulunbeier and Banner Government

PLANNING Banner Construction Bureau

FINANCING Banner Government

ASSET OWNERSHIP Wastewater Treatment Company

OPERATION Wastewater Treatment Company

REVENUE COLLECTION Wastewater Treatment Company

REVENUE RECIPIENT Banner Financial Bureau

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 68.70 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST 0.3 YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D41 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING SOURCE AMOUNT (MILLION Y)

FISCAL ALLOCATION 32.54

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 13.02

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 19.53

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST 5.10

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

1. General Naji Town is the capital of A’rong Banner, locating at the east bank of A’lun River, the branch of Nen River. The total population is 60 thousand and will increase to 74 thousand in 2015. The urban area will increase from 715ha currently to 872ha in 2015. The town is the highway transportation hub and goods distributing location, famous for agricultural and forestry product processing industries.

Currently the town has not had sewer network and all the domestic wastewater is conveyed by truck and discharged into A’lun River or infiltrates into the soil. The industrial wastewater is discharged into the rivers or ditches and low-lying land nearby. The urban storm water flows to the low-lying land by gravity and is removed by natural infiltration and evaporation. The wastewater pollutes both surface and ground water resources. 2. Objective The implementation of the project can solve the discharge issues of domestic and industrial wastewater as well as storm water in urban area. The effluent can be used as stable and sanitary irrigation water resources, which in turn

saves water resources with good quality. The excess sludge can be used as fertilizer to bring good economic benefit. The project will reduce the pollution on both river system and ground water. 3. Implementation Plan Proposed construction period is 5 years.

4. Cost Estimates：total investment is 68.70 million Yuan, consisting of:

7.37 million Yuan for sewer network, 41.85 million Yuan for WWTP and 300 thousand Yuan for land acquisition. The baseline cost is 54.74 million Yuan.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： The capacity of Phase is 14400 t/d. The project includes WWTP, drainage network and etc. 2. Total length of sewer network：14.34km totally including 6.35Km for Phase I and 7.99Km for Phase II.

3. Treatment Type：Secondary Treatment

4. Treatment Process：SBR Process

Wastewater : Coarse Screen and Lifting Pump Station→Aerated Desilting Basin→SBR Tank→ Contact Tank→Effluent Sludge : Sludge→Concentrating Tank→Dewatering Room→Sanitary Landfill and Fertilizer Use

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D42 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

Project Reference No. 35

Project Name Nehe WWTP

Project Location Province Heilongjiang City/County Nehe City/Qiqihar

Project Sector Urban Wastewater √ Industrial Wastewater Industrial Clean Production

Agriculture Pollution Control Water Transfer / Dam River Cleaning Other

Project Type Infrastructure √ Monitoring Study Capacity Building

Approval Level State level (NDRC) Local Level √

Project Registration 11th Plan (New) 10th Plan Other Plan (ex. Trans Century Green Plan)

Identification Year Reference Document

Status End of 2004: Tendering

Detailed Progress Stage Year Progress Status & Comments Project Proposal Pre-Feasibility Feasibility EIA Resettlement Plan Preliminary Design Detailed Design Bidding Documents Construction Operation

Functional Responsibilities

Stage Institutions Identification Planning Financing Asset Ownership Operation Revenue Collection Revenue Recipient

Project Cost Estimated Total Capital Cost 20 Yuan Million

including Land Acquisition Cost Yuan Million

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D43 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

Investment Source Amount (Million Y) Financing Fiscal Allocation 7.4 Self-raised Funds Commercial Bank Borrowing External Financing 12.6

O+M Financing Estimated Annual Cost

Estimated Cost per cum water

Investment Priority Priority 1 Immediate - Continuation

Immediate - Urgent √

Priority 2

Priority 3

Project Functional Description (What is this proposed to do and how )

1. General Nehe city locates in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province, the eastern bank of Nen River, with total population of 730 thousand, including 130 thousand in urban area. The current estimated wastewater discharge is 3000 t/d. Because of few industry in the city, the pollution load is relatively low, which COD is 430mg/l and BOD is 60~70 mg/l. The wastewater is collected by network and then discharges into an open channel 1.5km long and eventually enters Nemoer River, the branch of Nen River.

2. Objective The project is to improve the urban residential environment and life standard. The increase of drainage facilities and covering & treatment rate will embody the good cycle of economic development and environmental improvement. 3. Implementation Plan To get financial investment, Nehe government has signed a formal contract with a private company, Shanghai Jinshan Company. Jinshan Company will provide 12.6 million RMB to build the WWTP firstly, and Municipal

government will provide 7.4 million for land requisition, sewer system, electrical network, and road constructing for the WWTP. In the next 10 years, Nehe government will repay this 12.6 million RMB to Jinshan Company, which is to repay 2 million in the first year, 3 million in the next year, and 0.95 million annually for next 8 years. After these 10 years, Nehe government will pay Jinshan Company the operation fee of the plant, which is about 0.66 Yuan/ton wastewater. The project will start from May and end in October in 2005.

4. Cost Estimates：The total investment is 20 million Yuan.

Project Quantitative Description (e.g. size of WWTP, length of connection network, treatment level and process)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： Proposed treatment capacity is 5 thousand t/d. 2. Treatment Process：Stabilization Pond 3. Water Quality of Effluent: meeting the Class I Discharge Standards of WWTP Effluent.

Main Issues from EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D44 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 53

PROJECT NAME Nenjiang County WW Treatment Project

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY HEIHE CITY

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2003 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC NO. [2003]1194

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2003 Approved by the Provincial Development and Reform Commission (PDRC) EIA 2003 Approved by the Provincial EPB No. [2003]118

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION PDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 73.04 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST 1.5 YUAN MILLION

INVESTMENT FINANCING SOURCE AMOUNT (MILLION Y)

FISCAL ALLOCATION 35.1 Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D45 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 9.94

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 28.0

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST 6.9977

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER 1.3

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

1. General Nenjiang County locates in the southwest of Heihe City and is the first county in the upstream of Nen River. Nenjiang Town is the capital of the county with total population of 114 thousand and total area of 8985 ha currently. The central urban area covers 1307.9 ha with population of 100 thousand. It is predicted that population will increase to 150 thousand and 194 thousand in 2010 and 2020 respectively. The town is a commodity distributing

center in the border of Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia. The town adopts separate collection system with 40% covering rate. The urban wastewater is intercepted through the sewer trunk in Tiexi District to the inner foot of existing flood dam in the northwest of the city and then is discharged into the Nen River without any treatment, which does not only pollute the water quality of Nen but will threaten the safety of Nierji Reservoir 20km downstream that will be completed soon. In dry season, the water quality in upstream of the county is about Class III and less than Class V in the downstream. The main pollutants

and parameters are: COD (318mg/l), BOD5 (188 mg/l), SS (256mg/l) and NH4－N (20 mg/l).

2. Objective

The project is planned to move the main wastewater outlets to the locations far away from residential areas to improve the urban residential environment and life standard. The elimination of pollution on areas downstream can mitigate the potential threat to Nierji Reservoir. The increase of drainage facilities and covering & treatment rate will embody the good cycle of economic development and environmental improvement. 3. Implementation Plan Proposed construction period of Phase I is 3 years. 4. Cost Estimates：total investment is 18.49 billion Yuan, consisting of: Phase I: The cost estimated is 73.03 million Yuan totally, including 8.94 million Yuan for drainage network, 48.20 million Yuan for WWTP and 1.5 million Yuan for land acquisition. The baseline cost is 63.80 million Yuan. Phase II：The cost estimated is 11.19 billion Yuan totally, including 700 thousand Yuan for drainage network and 86.37 million Yuan for WWTP. The baseline cost is 97.75 million Yuan.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： 3*104 t/d for Phase I and 4.5*104 t/d for Phase II. The location of proposed WWTP has already been selected and the land use for phase I and II is 4.2ha totally, in which 3ha is for Phase I. The project includes WWTP buildings, pump station, network and construction and etc.

2. Total length of sewer network：11km for Phase I.

3. Treatment Type：Secondary Treatment

4. Treatment Process SBR Process ： Wastewater : Coarse Screen and Lifting Pump Station→Vortex Desilting Basin→SBR Tank→ Contact Tank→Pump Station→Effluent Sludge : Sludge→Concentrating Tank→Dewatering Room

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D46 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

Project Reference No. 55

Project Name Wastewater Treatment Project in Nierji of Hulunbeier

Project Location Province IMAR City/County Mo Banner

Project Sector Urban Wastewater √ Industrial Wastewater Industrial Clean Production

Agriculture Pollution Control Water Transfer / Dam River Cleaning Other

Project Type Infrastructure √ Monitoring Study Capacity Building

Approval Level State level (NDRC) Local Level √

Project Registration 11th Plan (New) 10th Plan Other Plan (ex. Trans Century Green Plan)

Identification Year 2001 Reference Document HLBE MCB No. [2001]87

Status End of 2004: Preparation

Detailed Progress Stage Year Progress Status & Comments Project Proposal 1999 Approved by Hulunbeier Planning Bureau: MDRC No. [1999]139 Pre-Feasibility Feasibility 1999 Approved by Hulunbeier Planning Bureau: MDRC No. [2000]428 EIA Resettlement Plan Preliminary Design 2001 Approved by Hulunbeier Construction Bureau: MCB No. [2001]87 Detailed Design Bidding Documents Construction Operation

Functional Responsibilities

Stage Institutions Identification MDRC and Municipal Construction Bureau Planning Financing Asset Ownership Operation Revenue Collection Revenue Recipient

Project Cost Estimated Total Capital Cost 73.59 Yuan Million

including Land Acquisition Cost 6.13 Yuan Million

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D47 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

Investment Source Amount (Million Y) Financing Fiscal Allocation 26 Self-raised Funds 6.93 Commercial Bank Borrowing 40.65 External Financing

O+M Financing Estimated Annual Cost 6.23

Estimated Cost per cum water 1.06

Investment Priority Priority 1 Immediate - Continuation

Immediate - Urgent √

Priority 2

Priority 3

Project Functional Description (What is this proposed to do and how )

1. General 2 Nierji Town is the capital of Mo Banner with total area of 458.5km and total population of 84.6 thousand. In recent years, with the construction of Nierji Reservoir and the development of urbanization, more and more people have migrated into the town. The rapid population increase brings tremendous pollution and threat to the urban ecological and living environment.

The Town locates close to the bank of Nen River. Now no complete sewer network operates in the Town, and the Town only uses septic tanks to store domestic wastes and some trucks will collect wastes from septic tanks in certain intervals and then discharge into river directly. The urban wastewater not only pollutes Nen River but also threatens ground water resources. In the year of 2002, government has already put nearly 13 million RMB into the WWTP project, and a pump station and 9 km pipelines have already been completed. But due to lack of investment, the project has to be stopped. 2. Objective

The implementation will significantly improve the urban living environment and mitigate the pollution to ground water and Nen River and Nomin River to ensure the urban construction and economic development of the Town. 3. Implementation Plan The proposed construction period is 3 years. 4. Cost Estimates： The total investment is 73.59 billion Yuan, consisting of 32.79 million Yuan for collection network, 18.62 million Yuan for WWTP, 6.13 million for land acquisition. The baseline cost is 63.69 million Yuan.

Project Quantitative Description (e.g. size of WWTP, length of connection network, treatment level and process)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： Proposed treatment capacity of Phase I is 30 thousand t/d. The main works of the project consist of WWTP, collection network, wastewater pump station and etc.

2. Total length of sewer network in Phase I：51 Km (9 Km has already completely).

3. Treatment Type：Secondary Treatment 4. Treatment Process：Stabilization Pond Wastewater : Influent→Screen + Pump Station→Horizontal Desilting Basin→Aerobic Pond→Effulent Sludge: Sludge →Sludge Well→Dewatering Room→Agricultural Use

Main Issues from EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D48 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

Project Reference No. 58

Project Name Domestic WW Treatment Project in Qiqihar Urban Area (Phase 2)

Project Location Province Heilongjiang City/County Qiqihar

Project Sector Urban Wastewater √ Industrial Wastewater Industrial Clean Production

Agriculture Pollution Control Water Transfer / Dam River Cleaning Other

Project Type Infrastructure √ Monitoring Study Capacity Building

Approval Level State level (NDRC) Local Level √

Project Registration 11th Plan (New) 10th Plan Other Plan (ex. Trans Century Green Plan)

Identification Year Reference Document

Status End of 2004: Preparation / Design / Tendering / Construction / Operation

Detailed Progress Stage Year Progress Status & Comments Project Proposal Pre-Feasibility Feasibility Completed EIA Resettlement Plan Preliminary Design Detailed Design Bidding Documents Construction Operation

Functional Responsibilities

Stage Institutions Identification Planning Financing Asset Ownership Operation Revenue Collection Revenue Recipient

Project Cost Estimated Total Capital Cost 210 Yuan Million

including Land Acquisition Cost Yuan Million

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D49 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

Investment Source Amount (Million Y) Financing Fiscal Allocation Self-raised Funds Commercial Bank Borrowing External Financing

O+M Financing Estimated Annual Cost

Estimated Cost per cum water

Investment Priority Priority 1 Immediate - Continuation √

Immediate - Urgent

Priority 2

Priority 3

Project Functional Description (What is this proposed to do and how )

1. General The existing Qiqihar Main Urban Area Domestic WWTP, which is the only WWTP in this city, is financed by Austria Government and put into operation in October 2003. The designed capacity of existing WWTP is 100,000m3/d，the

practical treatment capacity is only 60,000 m3/d in Winter and 30,000 in Summer. The treatment process is adopted as AB process and well operated in recent year. The effluent can reach Class II standard. Before this WWTP is Qiqihar Stabilization Pond, which is the biggest stabilization pond in Asia (846 ha and 160,000 m3/d

capacity). Together with this stabilization pond, 47% urban population and all of the industry wastewater are treated here. In the main urban area (the urban area not including Fulaerji District because of long distance away), it is estimated the total wastewater discharge is 300,000 ton/d currently and will reach 380,000 ton/d in the year 2015, far more than the current treatment capacity. Additionally, the sewage collection system has not been completed yet. 2. Objective The project will perfect the sewer network and increase the treatment capacity of the city and largely reduce the

untreated wastewater amount discharged into the Nen River. The implementation of the project will exert significant socioeconomic and environmental benefits and promote the urban construction of the city. 3. Implementation Plan The main idea of this proposed project is to extend the current WWTP capacity from 100,000 m3/d to 250,000 m3/d. The proposed construction period is 3 years. 4. Cost Estimates： The total investment for Phase II is 210 million Yuan.

Project Quantitative Description (e.g. size of WWTP, length of connection network, treatment level and process)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： Proposed treatment capacity is 150 thousand t/d. 2. Treatment Type：Secondary Treatment

3. Treatment Process：AB Process

Main Issues from EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D50 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

Project Reference No. 59

Project Name Qiqihar Fulaerji District WWTP

Project Location Province Heilongjiang City/County Qiqihar

Project Sector Urban Wastewater √ Industrial Wastewater Industrial Clean Production

Agriculture Pollution Control Water Transfer / Dam River Cleaning Other

Project Type Infrastructure √ Monitoring Study Capacity Building

Approval Level State level (NDRC) Local Level √

Project Registration 11th Plan (New) 10th Plan Other Plan (ex. Trans Century Green Plan)

Identification Year 2003 Reference Document HLJ PDRC Do. No. [2003]213

Status End of 2004: Preparation

Detailed Progress Stage Year Progress Status & Comments Project Proposal Pre-Feasibility Feasibility 2002 Completed and approved by PDRC EIA Resettlement Plan Preliminary Design Detailed Design Bidding Documents Construction Operation

Functional Responsibilities

Stage Institutions Identification PDRC Planning Financing Asset Ownership Operation Revenue Collection Revenue Recipient

Project Cost Estimated Total Capital Cost 230.08 Yuan Million

including Land Acquisition Cost 2.25 Yuan Million

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D51 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

Investment Source Amount (Million Y) Financing Fiscal Allocation Self-raised Funds 68.98 Commercial Bank Borrowing 161.10 External Financing

O+M Financing Estimated Annual Cost 17.70

Estimated Cost per cum water 1.3

Investment Priority Priority 1 Immediate - Continuation

Immediate - Urgent √

Priority 2

Priority 3

Project Functional Description (What is this proposed to do and how )

1. General Fulaerji District locates at the boundary area of of HLJ Province, 37 km away from Qiqihar main urban area with the urban population of 70,000 persons and total area of 375km2. The urban area will increase from 29.5km2 in 2005 to 33.80 km2 in 2010. The District is one of the important old industrial bases of the country and enjoys the title “Steel and Machinery City”. Large enterprises lie along the banks of Nen River.

The District adopts separate collection system and the untreated wastewater is discharged into Nen River directly. The currently domestic and industrial wastewater is 40 thousand t/d and 100 thousand t/d respectively. The contents of industrial wastewater are complicated and contain high quantity of hazardous substances, which pollutes water bodies seriously. The district locates in the middle of the Nen River, Qiqihar central urban area and the District can be regarded as two biggest pollution sources in the aspects of pollution amount and load. 2. Objective The project will increase and perfect the urban infrastructure in the District and ensure the industrial and urban

development in the District and even in the whole Qiqihar. Furthermore, the implementation of the project will improve the ecological environment along the river bank and eliminate the influence on the urban water sources of Harbin in the downstream.

3. Implementation Plan The proposed construction period is 4 years. 4. Cost Estimates： The total investment for Phase I is 230.08 million Yuan, consisting of 39.97 million Yuan for collection network, 137.36 million Yuan for WWTP, 9.45 million for land acquisition. The baseline cost is 199.72 million Yuan.

Project Quantitative Description (e.g. size of WWTP, length of connection network, treatment level and process)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： Proposed treatment capacity of Phase I is 100 thousand t/d (in 2010). The main works of the project consist of WWTP, collection network, wastewater pump station and etc. The land acquired is 8Ha. 2. Total length of sewer network in Phase I：38.3 Km (2020). A new pump station will be constructed and 3 existing pump stations will be extended or rebuilt. 3. Treatment Type：Secondary Treatment

4. Treatment Process：A/O Process Wastewater : Coarse Screen→Lifting Pump Station→Fine Screen→Desilting Basin→Primary Settling Tank→A/O Tank→Secondary Settling Tank→Effluent Sludge : Sludge→Dewatering→Dried Sludge, Fertilizer to farmland

Main Issues from EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D52 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D53 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 60A

PROJECT NAME Da'an WW Treatment Project (Phase I)

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY BAICHENG

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 110 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D54 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT 9

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

Project Capacity and Scope：50 thousand t/d for Phase I.

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D55 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

Project Reference No. 62

Project Name Daqing Kulipao Oxidation Pond

Project Location Province Heilongjiang City/County Daqing

Project Sector Urban Wastewater √ Industrial Wastewater Industrial Clean Production

Agriculture Pollution Control Water Transfer / Dam River Cleaning Other

Project Type Infrastructure √ Monitoring Study Capacity Building

Approval Level State level (NDRC) Local Level √

Project Registration 11th Plan (New) 10th Plan Other Plan (ex. Trans Century Green Plan)

Identification Year Reference Document

Status End of 2004: Preparation

Detailed Progress Stage Year Progress Status & Comments Project Proposal 2003 Completed Pre-Feasibility Feasibility EIA Resettlement Plan Preliminary Design Detailed Design Bidding Documents Construction Operation

Functional Responsibilities

Stage Institutions Identification PDRC Planning Financing Asset Ownership Operation Revenue Collection Revenue Recipient

Project Cost Estimated Total Capital Cost 230.195 Yuan Million

including Land Acquisition Cost 2.25 Yuan Million

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D56 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

Investment Source Amount (Million Y) Financing Fiscal Allocation 115.0975 Self-raised Funds 46.039 Commercial Bank Borrowing 69.0585 External Financing

O+M Financing Estimated Annual Cost 5.7486

Estimated Cost per cum water

Investment Priority Priority 1 Immediate - Continuation

Immediate - Urgent √

Priority 2

Priority 3

Project Functional Description (What is this proposed to do and how )

1. General Currently Daqing adopts combined drainage system and wastewater is collected through south and north trunk sewer systems, in which South Sewer System conveys 52% of the total wastewater of the city. Kulipao, is a big natural pond in the Anzhaoxin River (artificial drainage ditch), locating in the border of Daqing, and Zhaoyuan County. The south trunk sewer finally concentrates in the pond and then wastewater flows into the

Anzhaoxin River and then to the Main Songhua. The pond is with total area of 81km2, capacity of 91min. m3 and average depth about 1.1m. The main pollutants in the pond and relevant utmost parameters are: COD (108mg/l), BOD5 (10.9 mg/l), SS (158mg/l), TN (3.22 mg/l), TP (0.53 mg/l) and NH4-N (1.34 mg/l). Water quality in the pond is less than Class V for a long time and water resources can not be used effectively. 2. Objective In this project, it is proposed to build a stabilization pond -natural wetland treatment system in Kulipao Pond, with

design capacity of 130 million t/d. The pond can absolutely meet the requirements of stabilization pond treatment system in the NE China, which is to storage wastewater during winter and release during summer. The implementation of the project can reduce more than 70% wastewater from the South Sewer System of Daqing and the water quality of the Pond and the surrounding environment will be improved significantly. The wetland system will improve soil quality, increase vegetation, protect biodiversity and eventually solve out the pollution issues arising from the South Sewer System.

3. Implementation Plan The proposed construction period is 4 years. 4. Cost Estimates：The total investment is 23.02 billion Yuan, in which: 19.72 billion Yuan is for civil works, 9.63 million Yuan for equipment and installation and 27.86 million Yuan for others.

Project Quantitative Description (e.g. size of WWTP, length of connection network, treatment level and process)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： Proposed treatment capacity is 600 thousand t/d. 2. Treatment Process：Stabilization Pond -Natural Wetland Treatment System Influent→Screen→Desilting Basin→Facultative Pond→Aerobic Pond I→Aerobic Pond II→Waterborne Plant Pond→Ecological Pond→Artifitial Wetland→Effluent

Water Quality of Effluent: meeting the requirements of National Class IV Standards of Surface Water.

Main Issues from EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D57 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

Project Reference No. 63

Project Name WW Recycling Project in Eastern Daqing Urban Area

Project Location Province Heilongjiang City/County Daqing

Project Sector Urban Wastewater √ Industrial Wastewater Industrial Clean Production

Agriculture Pollution Control Water Transfer / Dam River Cleaning Other

Project Type Infrastructure √ Monitoring Study Capacity Building

Approval Level State level (NDRC) Local Level √

Project Registration 11th Plan (New) 10th Plan Other Plan (ex. Trans Century Green Plan)

Identification Year Reference Document

Status End of 2004: Preparation / Design / Tendering / Construction / Operation

Detailed Progress Stage Year Progress Status & Comments Project Proposal Pre-Feasibility Feasibility Completed EIA Resettlement Plan Preliminary Design Detailed Design Bidding Documents Construction Operation

Functional Responsibilities

Stage Institutions Identification PDRC Planning Financing Asset Ownership Operation Revenue Collection Revenue Recipient

Project Cost Estimated Total Capital Cost 76.97 Yuan Million

including Land Acquisition Cost Yuan Million

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D58 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

Investment Source Amount (Million Y) Financing Fiscal Allocation Self-raised Funds 39.97 Commercial Bank Borrowing 37 External Financing

O+M Financing Estimated Annual Cost 5.55(SEPA)

Estimated Cost per cum water 1.03

Investment Priority Priority 1 Immediate - Continuation √

Immediate - Urgent

Priority 2

Priority 3

Project Functional Description (What is this proposed to do and how )

1. General Dongcheng District, locating in the north of Daqing, is the base of multi-industries, high-tech. industry and petrochemical industries. The surface water bodies belong to closed water systems and are with high ground water level. Daqing city has no natural river but some permanent and seasonal ponds, with water in alkalinity and very poor quality. The total population is proposed to be increased from 257 thousand in 2005 to 400 thousand in

2010. Currently the District adopts separate collection system with a cover rate of 52.8%. Daqing Dongcheng District WWTP I started to implement in 2000 and was put into operation in 2001, with A/O treatment process and design and practical treatment capacities of 50 thousand t/d and 45 thousand t/d respectively. With rapid increase of urban population, it is urgent to extend WWTP Phase I to increase collection system covering rate and treatment rate.

2. Objective

This proposed project is planned to extend the current WWTP of 50 thousand t/d in Phase I to 100 thousand t/d in Phase II to increase the coverage rate from 52.8% to 70%. The effluent will be used as ecological recharge water of nature wetland and supplementary water to petroleum plants. The implementation of the project will exert significant socioeconomic and environmental benefits and promote the urban construction of the city. 3. Implementation Plan The proposed construction period is 3 years. 4. Cost Estimates： The total investment is 76.97 million Yuan, in which: 11.92 million Yuan is for sewer network and 38.97 million Yuan for WWTP. The baseline cost is 58.75 million Yuan.

Project Quantitative Description (e.g. size of WWTP, length of connection network, treatment level and process)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： Proposed treatment capacity is 50 thousand t/d. The main contents include WWTP, wastewater lifting pump station and sewer network, etc.

2. Total length of sewer network：Totally 21.2 km for Phase I & II.

3. Treatment Type：Secondary Treatment Pretreatment→Primary Treatment→Secondary Treatment→Sludge Treatment

4. Treatment Process：A/O Process Wastewater : Lifting Pump Station→Fine Screen→Desilting Basin→Primary Settling Tank→ A/O Tank→Secondary Settling Tank→Effulent Sludge : Sludge→Dewatering→Dried Sludge, Fertilizer to farmland

Main Issues from EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D59 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 68A

PROJECT NAME Shulan WW Treatment Project (Phase I)

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY SHULAN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 99.6 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST NO DATA YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D60 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 19.8

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 79.8

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST NO DATA

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER Y2.1

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT

PRIORITY 2 9

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity: 30000 t/d 2. Drainage network: 3. Treatment Process: 4. Construction Period: 2 years

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D61 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 72

PROJECT NAME Wuchang WWTP

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY HARBIN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2002 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [2002]843

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL 2002 HLJ PDRC APPROVED

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2002 COMPLETED EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION HLJ PDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP WUCHANG MUNICIPAL DRAINAGE COMPANY

OPERATION WUCHANG MUNICIPAL DRAINAGE COMPANY

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 139.79 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST NO NEED YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D62 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 74.79

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 65.00

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST NO DATA

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER Y2.1

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT 9

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

The project locates 150km south to Harbin, with population of 120 thousand currently, separate drainage system, catchments area of 1383 ha.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope：30000 t/d. The project involves a WWTP, auxiliary structures and drainage pipelines. 2. Drainage network: 36 km wastewater network with D300~D800 in size, 38.78km storm water network with d400~d1400 in size. 3. Treatment Process: SBR 4. Construction Period: 3 years

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D63 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 75

PROJECT NAME A’cheng WWTP

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY ACHENG, HARBIN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2002 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [2002]798

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL 2002 HLJ PDRC APPROVED

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2002 COMPLETED EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION HLJ PDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP A’CHENG MUNICIPAL WATER COMPANY

OPERATION A’CHENG MUNICIPAL WATER COMPANY

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 126.90 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST NO DATA YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D64 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION Offset Resettlement Cost

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 64.69

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 62.21

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT 9

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

The project locates 30km south to Harbin, close to the flood dyke on the west bank of Ashi River, with population of 60 thousand, separate and combined drainage systems coexist.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope：50000 t/d. The project involves a WWTP, auxiliary structures and drainage pipelines. 2. Drainage network: 12.5 km wastewater network with D1000~D1400 in size, 34.13km storm water network with d500~d1650 in size. 3. Treatment Process: CAST 4. Construction Period: 3 years

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D65 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 76

PROJECT NAME Shangzhi WWTP

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY SHANGZHI, HARBIN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2002 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [2002]924

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL 2002 HLJ PDRC APPROVED

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2002 COMPLETED EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION HLJ PDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP A’CHENG MUNICIPAL WATER COMPANY

OPERATION A’CHENG MUNICIPAL WATER COMPANY

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 199.32 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST NO DATA YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D66 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION Offset Resettlement Cost

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 105.32

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 94.00

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT 9

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

The project locates 150km southeast to Harbin, the downstream of Mayi River in the Northeast of Shangzhi Town, with population of 150 thousand, separate and combined drainage systems coexist, with catchments area of 1190 ha.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope：40000 t/d. The project involves a WWTP, auxiliary structures and drainage pipelines. 2. Drainage network: 88.25 km wastewater network with D300~D1200 in size, 50.67km storm water network with D300~D1400 in size. 3. Treatment Process: SBR 4. Construction Period: 3 years

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D67 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 77A

PROJECT NAME Dunhua WW Treatment Project (Phase I)

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE JILIN CITY/COUNTY DUNHUA

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 120 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D68 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT 9

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

Project Capacity and Scope：50 thousand t/d for Phase I.

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D69 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 78

PROJECT NAME Mudanjiang Jingbo Lake Area WW Treatment Project (Phase II)

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY Mudanjiang

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER 9 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE 9 MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL 9

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN 9 OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL 6 SUBPROEJCTS ALREADY COMPLETED

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION HLJ PDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST FREE OR FROM YUAN MILLION GOVERNMENT

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D70 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING 62.3507 AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT 9

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D71 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 79

PROJECT NAME NING’AN COUNTY WWTP PROJECT

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY NING’AN COUNTY, MUDANJIANG CITY

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN SEPA OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL APPROVED

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2001 COMPLETED AND WAITING FOR APPROVAL EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION PDRC

PLANNING NORTHEAST CIVIL WORKS DESIGN AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST(PHASE I) 62.3507 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST PROVIDED BY YUAN MILLION GOV.

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D72 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 44.5407

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 17.81

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST 5.108

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WASTE Y1.63 WATER DISCHARGE

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

1. Purpose Ning’an City, a satellite town of Mudanjiang City, is located in the downstream of Jingbo Lake and with a distance of 30KM to lower Mudanjiang City. Current population is 80000 persons in 2005 and will be 120000 persons in 2010 3 based on planned data. Rating discharge volume is 110 l/d for per person so that 20000m /d of waste water is discharged into the Mudan River with 80% widespread rate consisting of 17000m3/d for industrial and 7000 m3/d

for domestic. 1) improve the water quality of Mudanjiang City obviously; 2)meet the requirement of economic development; 3) Water quality demand of Lianhua multipurpose hydropower station in the downstream, the biggest reservoir in Heilongjiang Province, the entry water quality should be Class I of discharge standard. and 4) Environment requirement for sight and tour purpose. 2. Schedule Phase 1: 4 years (from approval to operation). 3. Cost

Phase 1: 12.50 million Yuan for main piping works; 28.26 million Yuan for the construction of WWTP, total baseline cost is 59.37 million Yuan. Phase 2: 10.07 million Yuan for main piping works; 58.81million Yuan for the construction of WWTP (20000 T/d), total baseline cost is 92.56 million Yuan.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Scale : WWTP: 20000 T /d of treatment capacity and 20000 T/a of thick sludge. 2. Design of pipeline: Length of drainpipes for phase1 is 21.95km and 23.72km for phase 2 (D=200 to 800).

3. Treatment process: pretreatment→wastewater→primary treatment→secondary treatment→sludge treatment 4.Treatment techniques: coarse screen→wastewater lifting pump station→fine screen→vortex debris basin→ primary settling tank→A/O→secondary settling tank.

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D73 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 80

PROJECT NAME MUDANJIANG WW TREATMENT PROJECT (PHASE II)

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY MUDANJIANG CITY

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN SEPA OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2000 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [2002]349

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL 2000 Approved by HLJ PDRC Do. No. [2002]349

PRE-FEASIBILITY 2000 Approved by Provincial International Consulting Company [2000]78

FEASIBILITY 2000 Approved by Provincial Land Use Bureau [2000]423 EIA

RESETTLEMENT Completed partly PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION PDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP MUDANJIANG MUNICIPAL WW TREATMENT PLANT

OPERATION MUDANJIANG MUNICIPAL WW TREATMENT PLANT

REVENUE COLLECTION MUDANJIANG MUNICIPAL WATER COMPANY

REVENUE RECIPIENT MUDANJIANG MUNICIPAL WW TREATMENT PLANT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST(PHASE I) 709 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D74 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 159

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 350

EXTERNAL FINANCING 200

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WASTE Y0.27 WATER DISCHARGE

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

1. Purpose The city lacks urban wastewater treatment facilities and the pollution load has kept increasing. The implementation the project will prompt economic development and improve public health condition, protection Bei’an River and Lianhua Hydropower Station. 2. Cost 216 million Yuan for main piping works; 394million Yuan for the construction of WWTP, total baseline cost is 671

million Yuan. 3. Treatment result: Treated wastewater can meet Class I discharge standard.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Scale: The project will acquire 3.71 ha totally for phase I & II. WWTP: 200000 t /d of treatment capacity

Complex sludge fertilizer production equipment with capacity of 20000 t/a (84 t/d) and production period 240 d/y. For long term (2010), another two WWTPs are proposed to be built, one (20000 t/d) at the northeast corner and another (20000 t/d) at Jiangnanxiang. 2. Design of pipeline: Length of drainpipes for is 15.79km totally (D=300 to 1800), 12.65km conduit, 5 pumping

stations. Catchments area is 22.93ha. 3. Treatment process: A/O

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D75 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 81

PROJECT NAME HAILIN COUNTY WWTP

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY HAILIN COUNTY, MUDANJIANG CITY

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN SEPA OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 1999 COMPLETED EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION PDRC

PLANNING CIVIL ENGINEERING PLANNING, INVESTIGATION, DESIGN AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 179.042 YUAN MILLION 153.07 (PHASE I)

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST NO DATA YUAN MILLION

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D76 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

FISCAL ALLOCATION 26.0

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 32. 0

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 76.0

EXTERNAL FINANCING 19.07

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST 10.16

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WW Y1.83 TREATMENT

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

Hailin County is located in the northern bank of Hailang River, upper stream of Mudanjiang City with a distance 25 km. There are 89 thousands people in the urban area and will be 160 thousands people in the year of 2010.

Based on the current wastewater discharge and the forecast situation, domestic wastewater volume will be 50% of total volume. The current pollutants consist of COD, BOD5, and SS. Forecasted domestic drinking water supply will be 160 l/d for per person with 85% widespread rate of domestic water supply and domestic wastewater will be 125

l/d for per person. So the domestic wastewater volume will be 20000m3/d. For industrial wastewater discharge, the volume was 11000m3/d in 1997, and to be 20000m3/d in 2010. It means the 3 wastewater discharge volume will be 40000m /d in 2010 by combining domestic and industrial. 1. Purpose

1) Improve drinking water quality of Mudanjiang City; 2) Meet the requirement of economic development; and 3) Water quality demand of multipurpose hydropower station in the downstream, the biggest reservoir in Heilongjiang Province, and the entry water quality should be Class I of discharge standard.

2. Schedule

Phase I: 4 years (from redesign to running test) 3. Cost Phase 1: 43. 41million Yuan for piping works and 57.08 million Yuan for the construction of WWTP, total baseline cost is 122.09 million Yuan.

For the whole project, 64.90 million Yuan for piping works and base line cost is 150.06million Yuan.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Scale: 1) Wastewater collection system: 20000 T/d in 2005 and another 20000 T/d in 2010. 2) WWTP: 40000 T /d of treatment capacity in 2010

2. Design of pipeline: Length of drainpipes is 46.82km (D=500 to 1500). 3. Treatment process: pretreatment→wastewater→primary treatment→secondary treatment→sludge treatment 4.Treatment techniques: coarse screen→wastewater lifting pump station→fine screen→ vortex debris basin→primary settling tank→activitated sludge method

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D77 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 91

PROJECT NAME HARBIN HEJIAGOU WWTP

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY HARBIN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN √ OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2000 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [2000]763

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL 2000 Approved by HLJ PDRC Do. No. [2000]763

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2003 Approved by HLJ PDRC Do. No. [2000]94 EIA 2002 Approved by HLJ EPB Do. No. [2002]125

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY Prepared by Harbin Municipal Engineering Design and Research DESIGN Institute/HLJ Provincial Water Resources Design and Research Institute

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING Harbin Municipal Inland River Construction and Development Co. DOCUMENTS LTD

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION PDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP Harbin Municipal Inland River Construction and Development Co. LTD

OPERATION Harbin Municipal Inland River Construction and Development Co. LTD

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 1106.25 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST NO NEED YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D78 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 1106.25

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER Y2.3 for residents, Y0.9 for industries (Y1.0 for industries over standards)

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √(Pufang District WWTP (Phase I) and Qunli WWTP

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

1. General Hejiagou (Hejia Ditch), as one of the seven catchments of the city locates at the upstream of Harbin section of the Songhua River. Many industries set up along the ditch, including metallurgy, electronics, national defense, light industry, pharmacy, papermaking, chemical industry, machinery, livestock processing, etc. Machinery Industry Park and Development Zone at the upstream discharge wastewater into the ditch, Haxi Industrial Zone locates in

the middle and Yingbinlu High-tech Development Zone and Chengxianglu Machinery Industrial Zone lie on the downstream. Currently the area has a total discharge amount of 200~380 thousand t/d and 30% treatment rate. The predicted water demand is 235 l/c.d in 2010 and 255 l/c.d in 2030.

2. Objective The implementation can completely solve the pollution discharge issues in the west of the urban area and mitigate the pollution to Harbin section and urban environment, enabling to improve living standards of local people and good cycle of economic development and environmental protection. The proposed treatment rate will reach 80%.

3. Cost Estimates：total investment is 1106 million Yuan, consisting of:

316 million Yuan for drainage network and 790 million Yuan for WWTP (Pufang District WWTP I & II and Qunli District WWTP, river course cleaning cost and resettlement compensation cost are not included.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： Pufang District WWTP I: 50000 t/d, completed by 2008 Pufang District WWTP II: 100000 t/d, completed by 2012 Qunli District WWTP: 250000 t/d, completed by 2008 2. Total length of sewer network：72.69 km （D600-D2300）

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Because the project is a component of Hejiagou Integrated Management Project that is with cost of 1972 million Yuan, including 160 million Yuan for river cleaning and resettlement cost, so here no these two kinds of cost is included.

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D79 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 92

PROJECT NAME BAYAN COUNTY WW TREATMENT PROJECT

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY HARBIN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN √ OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2002 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [2002]923

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL 2002 Approved by HLJ PDRC

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2002 Completed EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION PDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP Bayan County Drainage Company

OPERATION Bayan County Drainage Company

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 128.41 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST NO NEED YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D80 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 68.41

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 60.00

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

The project locates at 90km northeast to Harbin with population of 80 thousand, adopting separate system, with catchments area of 1141.45 ha.

The construction period will be 3 years.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope：20000 t/d. The proposed project includes a WWTP, auxiliary structures and drainage network. 2. Total length of sewer network：43.24 km （D600-D1600） 3. Treatment process: SBR

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D81 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 93

PROJECT NAME MULAN COUNTY WW TREATMENT PROJECT

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY MULAN COUNTY, HARBIN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN √ OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2002 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [2002]844

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL 2002 Approved by HLJ PDRC

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2002 Completed EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION PDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP Mulan County Drainage Company

OPERATION Mulan County Drainage Company

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 105.31 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D82 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 55.31

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 50.00

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

The project locates at 150km northeast to Harbin, the southeast end of Mulan Town, the downstream of the Songhua River. It has population of 60 thousand, adopting separate system, with catchments area of 1102.4 ha.

The construction period will be 3 years.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope：20000 t/d. The proposed project includes a WWTP, auxiliary structures and drainage network. 2. Total length of sewer network： 47.52 km （ D300-D1000 ） for wastewater network and 34.13 km (D500-D1650) for storm water network. 3. Treatment process: SBR

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D83 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 94

PROJECT NAME TONGHE COUNTY WW TREATMENT PROJECT

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY TONGHE COUNTY, HARBIN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN √ OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2002 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [2002]845

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL 2002 Approved by HLJ PDRC

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2002 Completed EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION PDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP Tonghe County Drainage Company

OPERATION Tonghe County Drainage Company

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 88.49 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST NO NEED YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D84 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 46.49

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 42.00

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

The project locates at 150km northeast to Harbin. The city has population of 60 thousand, adopting combined system, with catchments area of 904 ha.

The construction period will be 3 years.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope：20000 t/d. The proposed project includes a WWTP, auxiliary structures and drainage network. 2. Total length of sewer network：26.70 km （D400-D600）for wastewater network and 16.72 km (D500-D2000) for storm water network. 3. Treatment process: SBR

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D85 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 96

PROJECT NAME TANGYUAN COUNTY WW TREATMENT PROJECT

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY TANGYUAN COUNTY, JIAMUSI

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN √ OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2002 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [2002]1068

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2002 Completed and Approved by HLJ PDRC EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 81.97 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D86 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION 33.0

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 15.97

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 33.0

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope：20000 t/d. The proposed project includes a WWTP, lifting pumping station, auxiliary structures and drainage network. 2. The construction period will be 3 years.

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D87 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 97

PROJECT NAME JIAMUSI WW TREATMENT PROJECT (PHASE II)

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY JIAMUSI

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) √ 10 PLAN OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D88 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D89 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 98

PROJECT NAME HUACHUAN WW TREATMENT PROJECT

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY HUANCHUAN, JIAMUSI

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN √ OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2002 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [2002]1067

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2002 Completed and Approved by HLJ PDRC EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 95.57 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST 3.18 YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D90 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION 38.4

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 18.77

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 38.4

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER Y2.4

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

1. General The industries of Huanchuan County mainly concentrate on Yuelai Town where some 80 enterprises are involved in food processing, construction materials, light textile, electricity, pharmacy and papermaking. The main pollutants measured in May 2002 are COD (940 mg/l), BOD5 (453 mg/l), SS (266 mg/l). The county has population of 47 thousand currently and predicted population of 70 thousand in 2010. The current daily general domestic water use

standard is 160 l/c.d. It is predicted that the daily general domestic water use is 11200 m3/d in 2010, and water supply cover rate will reach 90%. 2. Objective To increase and perfect drainage and wastewater treatment facilities to improve water quality, enabling to improve living standards of local people and good cycle of economic development and environmental protection. 3. Implementation Plan Proposed construction period is 4 years (starting from FSR stage to pilot operation). 4. Cost Estimates：total investment is 95.57 million Yuan, consisting of: 44.3812 million Yuan for drainage network, 29.8527 million Yuan for WWTP, 3.1811 million Yuan for land acquisition and 1.8 million Yuan for pavement demolition and restoration. The baseline cost is 81.8136 million Yuan.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： 2*104 t/d. The location of proposed WWTP has been already selected. The project includes WWTP buildings, pump station, network and construction of management unit. 2. Total length of sewer network：56.14 km（in different diameters）. 3. Treatment Type：Secondary Treatment： Pretreatment→Primary Treatment→ Primary Treatment→Secondary Treatment→Sludge Treatment 4. Treatment Process：CAST Process Influent→SBR Reaction Tank→Contact Tank→Effulent

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D91 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 100

PROJECT NAME FUJIN WWTP (PHASE I)

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY JIAMUSI

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) √ 10 PLAN OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 1998 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [1998]968

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 1998 Approved by the Provincial Development and Reform Commission (PDRC) EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION PDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 148.44 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST 3.76 YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D92 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION 28.0

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 30.44

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 90.0

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER 3.5

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

1. General Fujin City locates 182 km west to Jiamusi with population of 120 thousand currently. It is planned the city has a population of 150 thousand people and land use of 18 km2 in 2010 and population of 180 thousand people and land use of 21.23 km2 in 2020. Local key industries include agricultural machinery, chemical industry, construction material, light textile, electricity, cloths and etc. The main pollutants measured at the urban wastewater outlets are

COD (296mg/l), BOD5 (216 mg/l), SS (287mg/l). It is predicted that the max. daily general domestic water use standard is 160 l/c.d in 2010 and 180 l/c.d in 2020; and water supply cover rate is 90% in 2010 and 100% in 2020. 2. Objective To increase and perfect drainage and wastewater treatment facilities to improve water quality, enabling to improve living standards of local people and good cycle of economic development and environmental protection. 3. Implementation Plan Proposed construction period is 4 years starting from the proposal approval to normal operation). 4. Cost Estimates：total investment is 185.2076 million Yuan, consisting of: Short-term Project: The cost estimated is 67.8665 million Yuan for drainage network, 42.6117 million Yuan for WWTP, 3.7590 million Yuan for land acquisition and 3.4 million Yuan for pavement demolition and restoration. The baseline cost is 125.5727 million Yuan. Long-term Project（not approved）：The cost estimated is 14.0949 million Yuan for proposed drainage network, 18.4477 million Yuan for WWTP, and 0.4 million Yuan for pavement demolition and restoration. The baseline cost is 35.2211 million Yuan.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： 2*104 t/d for ---Phase I and 4*104 t/d for Phase II. The location of proposed WWTP has been already selected. The project includes WWTP buildings, pump station, network and construction of management unit. 2. Total length of sewer network：56,630m （in different diameters）for Phase I. 3. Treatment Type：Secondary Treatment： Pretreatment→Primary Treatment→Secondary Treatment→Sludge Treatment 4. Treatment Process：CAST Process Coarse Screen→Pump Station→Fine Screen→Desilting Basin→Primary Settling Tank→CAST Reaction Tank→Effulent

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D93 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 101

PROJECT NAME TONGJIANG WWTP

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY TONGJIANG, JIAMUSI

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE √ MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN √ OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2002 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [1998]965

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 1998 Completed and approved by PDRC EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 81.42 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D94 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION 60

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 21.42

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D95 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 132

PROJECT NAME MUDANJIANG CHAIHE PAPERMAKING WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY MUDANJIANG

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING √

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN √ OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 1998 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [1998]968

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2005 Finished by South China University of Technology EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP HAILIN MUNICIPAL CHAIHE PAPER-MAKING CO. LTD

OPERATION HAILIN MUNICIPAL CHAIHE PAPER-MAKING CO. LTD

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 4.5 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST NO NEED YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D96 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE INVESTMENT FINANCING

FISCAL ALLOCATION 0.58 BASED ON RELEVANT REGULATIONS OF MOF AND SEPA IN APRIL 2004

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 0.88

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING 3.04

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST 1.3

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER 0.27

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

1. General This enterprise has grown out of Heilongjiang Provincial Chaihe Paperboard Factory, a medium-sized papermaking enterprise under the State Forestry Administration, starting from 1969. In 2002 the factory was rented to a private company with renting period of 10 years. In 2005 it was entitled by Mudanjiang Municipal Government as one of the “First 20 Top Enterprises”.

The factory locates 24 km north of Mudanjiang City and abutting on the Mudan River in the west. Production water is from the Mudan River, the water demand is 7000 m3/d and water supply capacity is 28000 m3/d. The parameters measured in effluent such as SS, COD and BOD are slightly over discharge standards. It is planned that the production yield is 33 thousand t/y in 2005; the unit water use is 80 m3/t. Current treatment facilities can guarantee 20% water recycled and the discharge amount is 5440 m3/d. 2. Objective In order to reduce the pollutants to enable 100% wastewater reuse, closed water recycling and unit water use

reduction, avoiding difficulties due to turbid water during Spring and Summer, water and energy savings, cleaning production, increasing quality of water and products and fiber reclaiming, this project was listed in and enjoyed priority in the “Application Guideline and Relevant Regulations of First batch Projects supported by the State Environmental Protection Fund in 2004” published by MOF and SEPA. 3. Cost Estimates：total investment is 4.5 million Yuan, consisting of: 2.87 million Yuan for equipment, 1.32 million Yuan for civil works and network, and 310 thousand for others.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： 2*104 t/d capacity and a small number of networks. 2. Treatment Technology： Adopt high efficiency waste paper and wastewater treatment technology (national patented technology No. ZL97114281.5) and patented facilities (patented No. ZL97114281.5). 3. Treatment Process： Within HWP purifier using coagulation and sediment to treat the wastewater, integrating mixing, reaction,

clarification within one facility to reduce land acquisition.

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D97 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 139

PROJECT NAME HARBIN NO. 2 CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL FACTORY WW TREATMENT AND RECYCLING PROJECT

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY HARBIN

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING √

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) √ 10 PLAN √ OTHER PLAN (EX. NE. CHINA REVITALIZATION √ PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2003 Approved by the Provincial Development and Reform Commission (PDRC) EIA 2003 Approved by the Provincial Development and Reform Commission (PDRC)

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY 2004 Finished DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN 2004 to be finished in 2005

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION PDRC

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 22.73 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D98 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 22.73

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST 4.7

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER 0.6+0.9

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

1. General In Dec. 18 2002 Harbin Hua’er Chemical Industrial Co. Ltd grew out of Harbin No. 2 Chemical Industrial Factory which set up in 1958, producing some ten products including caustic soda, polyvinyl chloride, hydrochloric acid, liquid chlorine, hypochlorite, calcium carbide, cement, etc. Current the unit water demand is 650 t/h and recycling water use is 2600 t/h; the daily wastewater discharge is 150 thousand ton including slightly polluted water (12

thousand t/d that can be discharged directly and seriously polluted wastewater (3000 t/d) that is treated by self-owned treatment station and then discharged into Xinyi Ditch. 2. Objective Reuse all slightly and seriously polluted wastewater to increase the recycling rate from 70% to 97.6%, realizing zero discharge. 3. Implementation Plan Proposed construction period is 2 years. 4. Cost Estimates：total investment is 22.73 million Yuan, consisting of: 2.839 million Yuan for wastewater recycling facilities, 1.7752 million Yuan for cooling water recycling, 5.6591 million Yuan for cooling water station, 108.8 thousand Yuan for acetylene station, 1.9498 million Yuan for deep well water treatment facilities and 2.8347 million Yuan for outdoor water supply and wastewater pipelines. The baseline cost is 21.93 million Yuan.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： 4600 t/d. The project includes slightly and seriously polluted wastewater recycling facilities and outdoor water/wastewater pipelines. 2. Total length of sewer network：3000 m （D100~D300）, mainly using steel pipe, and others using PVC pipe. 3. Treatment Type：meeting recycling water standards.

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D99 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 140

PROJECT NAME NORTHEAST LIGHT ALLOY CO. LTD TREATMENT AND RECYCLING PROJECT (6000 T/D)

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY JIAMUSI

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING √

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) √ 10 PLAN OTHER PLAN (EX. NE. CHINA REVITALIZATION PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 2004 REFERENCE DOCUMENT

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL 2004 Approved by the Provincial Development and Reform Commission (PDRC)

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2004 Finished EIA 2004 Finished

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 26.22 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST 4.3 YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D100 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION 7.86

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 8.3612

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 10.0

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST 3.4486

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER 1.57

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

1. General Currently 6000 t/d wastewater from the factory is discharged into the Songhua that increases pollution to both the river and ecological environment. With the development of the enterprise, it is proposed to construct a new recycling WWTP (6000 t/d) near the original one. New process and equipment will be adopted to develop the production wastewater into industrial recycling water and partly in domestic intermediate water, trying zero

discharge.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope：6000 t/d.

2. Total length of sewer network：43.18 km（in different diameters）.

3. Treatment Type：Meeting recycling water standards for self-use.

4. Treatment Process：

Settling →Reaction →Filtering →Effluent (recycling)

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D101 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 141

PROJECT NAME SAIRUI GROUP WW TREATMENT PROJECT (1 MILLION T/Y)

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY JIAMUSI

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING √

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN √ OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 1998 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [1998]968

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL UNDER APPROVAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY UNDER PREPARATION

FEASIBILITY EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP SAIRUI GROUP

OPERATION SAIRUI GROUP

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 20 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST NO NEED YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D102 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING 20

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER 2.6

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

1. General Sairui Sugar Co. Ltd of Jiamusi Sairui Group mainly produces refined white sugar (4000 t/y), sugar beet particle (2000 t/y), sugar beet molasses (20000 t/y) and edible alcohol. The production water use is mainly from the Songhua, and wastewater is discharged into the river after primary settlement, with total amount of 1million t/y (in production period of more than four months per year). The compositions of wastewater include mud, sand, a slight

amount of sugar substances, etc. The concentrations of parameters are: COD 500 mg/l, PH 6.0, SS 1600 mg/l. 2. Objective The project will totally solve the pollution issues of industrial wastewater discharge, enabling influent to meet intermediate water standards (COD≤200mg/l, PH 6.0~9.0, SS≤200mg/l) and to be directly discharged or used in industrial recycling, and realizing sustainable development of green enterprises. Furthermore, sludge can be used as the material producing complex fertilizer to generate some economic benefit.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： 1million t/y. The project includes wastewater pretreatment room, aerated biochemical reaction tank, secondary settling tank, contact tank, filtering tank, and other auxiliary structures. 2. Treatment Type：Traditional deep treatment process plus CMF Application Technology 3. Treatment Process： Influent→ Regulating Tank→Primary Settling Tank→Biochemical Reaction Tank→Secondary Settling Tank→Flocculating Reaction Tank→Settling Tank→Filtering Tank→Contact Tank→ Effluent

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D103 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. 142

PROJECT NAME HEILONG PESTICIDE WWTP

PROJECT LOCATION PROVINCE HEILONGJIANG CITY/COUNTY JIAMUSI

PROJECT SECTOR URBAN WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER √ INDUSTRIAL CLEAN PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURE POLLUTION CONTROL WATER TRANSFER / DAM RIVER CLEANING

OTHER

PROJECT TYPE INFRASTRUCTURE MONITORING STUDY CAPACITY BUILDING √

APPROVAL LEVEL STATE LEVEL (NDRC) LOCAL LEVEL √

TH TH PROJECT REGISTRATION 11 PLAN (NEW) 10 PLAN OTHER PLAN (EX. TRANS CENTURY GREEN PLAN)

IDENTIFICATION YEAR 1998 REFERENCE DOCUMENT HLJ PDRC DO. NO. [1998]968

STATUS END OF 2004: PREPARATION / DESIGN / TENDERING / CONSTRUCTION / OPERATION

DETAILED PROGRESS STAGE YEAR PROGRESS STATUS & COMMENTS

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PRE-FEASIBILITY

FEASIBILITY 2004 Under approval EIA

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

BIDDING DOCUMENTS

CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

STAGE INSTITUTIONS

IDENTIFICATION

PLANNING

FINANCING

ASSET OWNERSHIP JIAMUSI HEILONG AGROCHEMICALS FACTORY

OPERATION

REVENUE COLLECTION

REVENUE RECIPIENT

PROJECT COST ESTIMATED TOTAL CAPITAL COST 6.573 YUAN MILLION

INCLUDING LAND ACQUISITION COST YUAN MILLION

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D104 People’s Republic of China – Asian Development Bank Songhua River Basin Water Quality & Pollution Control Management Final Report-Volume 4: Strategic Plan

INVESTMENT FINANCING AMOUNT (MILLION Y) SOURCE

FISCAL ALLOCATION

SELF-RAISED FUNDS 6.573

COMMERCIAL BANK BORROWING

EXTERNAL FINANCING

O+M FINANCING ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST

ESTIMATED COST PER CUM WATER Y0.7 for COD and phenol

INVESTMENT PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 IMMEDIATE - CONTINUATION

IMMEDIATE - URGENT √

PRIORITY 2

PRIORITY 3

PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (WHAT IS THIS PROPOSED TO DO AND HOW )

1. General Jiamusi Heilong Agrochemical Factory is a state-owned enterprise with production yield of 10000 t/y, mainly producing chemical herbicides, parts of which are exported to Australia and Europe. The phenol wastewater discharged is 480 t/d, COD is 38753 mg/l and phenol is 4638 mg/l. 2. Objective Enable the effluent to meet discharge standards that is COD≤150mg/l and volatile phenol ≤0.5 mg/l.

3. Cost Estimates total investment is 6.7278 million Yuan, consisting of: ： 500 thousand Yuan for civil works, 4.0828 for equipment, 245 thousand Yuan for installation, 1.2 million for plant

buildings, 700 thousand Yuan for water/electricity/heating supply system and network inside the plant.

PROJECT QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION (e.g. SIZE OF WWTP, LENGTH OF CONNECTION NETWORK, TREATMENT LEVEL AND PROCESS)

1. Project Capacity and Scope： 350 t/d. The project includes WWTP structures, network and equipment. 2. Treatment Process：

Limited oxidation→Strong Floccutation→O3 oxidation→Photon/O3/Catalysis→Ozone/Activated carbon

MAIN ISSUES FROM EIA & RAP

Sogreah/Delft –June 2005– Appendix D D105