Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 33177 September 2005 People’s Republic of China: Songhua River Basin Water Quality and Pollution Control Management – Strategic Planning Report Prepared by SOGREAH Consultants / WL Delft Hydraulics For Songliao River Basin Water Resources Protection Bureau This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. PEOPLE REPUBLIC OF CHINA ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGLIAO RIVER BASIN WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION BUREAU SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY AND POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT TA N° 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT STRATEGIC PLANNING REPORT SEPTEMBER 2005 2 340107.R4.V4 & PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGLIAO RIVER BASIN WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION BUREAU SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT TA 4061 PRC FINAL REPORT: VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING IDENTIFICATION N° : 2340107.R4.V4 ATE EPTEMBER D : S 2005 This document has been produced by the Consortium SOGREAH Consultants/Delft Hydraulics as part of the ADB Project Preparation TA (Job Number: 2340107). This document has been prepared by the project team under the supervision of the Project Director following Quality Assurance Procedures of SOGREAH in compliance with ISO9001. APPROVED BY Index DATE AUTHOR CHECKED BY PURPOSE OF MODIFICATION (PROJECT MANAGER) A First Issue 2909/05 BYN,SG,JW,PLU,GDM GDM GDM Index CONTACT ADDRESS DISTRIBUTION LIST 1 SLRBWRPB (Mr LI Zhiquan, Ms Bai Yan) [email protected] ; [email protected]; [email protected] The Asian Development Bank (Robert 3 [email protected], [email protected] Wihtol, Sergei Popov) [email protected], 4 SOGREAH (Head Office) 5 DELFT (Head Office) [email protected] PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................8 1.1. THE SONGHUA RIVER BASIN...................................................................... 8 1.2. LAYOUT OF THE REPORT.......................................................................... 10 2. GOVERNMENT POLICIES, STRATEGIES & PLANS.........................................11 2.1. CENTRAL GOVERNMENT POLICIES, STRATEGIES & PLANS................ 11 2.2. DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN NORTH EASTERN CHINA & PROVINCIAL PLANS ................................................................................... 13 2.2.1. NORTH-EAST REGION REVITALISATION..............................................................13 2.2.2. PROVINCIAL PLANNING DOCUMENTS..................................................................14 2.2.3. SRB HEILONGJIANG INTEGRATED PLAN.............................................................17 2.3. SRB WATER RESOURCE PROTECTION PLANNING REPORT................ 18 2.3.1. CONCLUSIONS .........................................................................................................21 2.4. SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION & CONTROL PLAN (2003-2010) ..................................................................... 22 2.4.1. PLANNING TARGETS, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ...............................................22 2.4.2. THE PROPOSED PLAN ............................................................................................22 2.4.3. LACK OF CLEAR IDENTIFICATION OF THE INVESTMENT COMPONENT..........22 2.5. CONCLUSIONS FROM REVIEW OF GOVERNMENT PLANS & THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE 10TH FIVE YEAR PLANNING PERIOD.............. 25 2.5.1. COMMENT ON GOVERNMENT PLANS...................................................................25 2.5.2. LONG LIST OF GOVERNMENT PLANS...................................................................25 2.5.3. ACHIEVEMENTS AT THE END OF THE 10TH FIVE YEAR PLANNING PERIOD....26 3. FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN .................27 3.1. METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK........................................................... 27 3.2. KEY FACTORS UNDERPINNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN....................................................................................... 29 3.2.1. INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL & NORTH EAST REVITATLIZATION ........29 3.2.2. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS OF GRAIN SECURITY IN SONGHUA RIVER BASIN.........................................................................................................................30 3.2.3. TRANSBOUNDARY ISSUES: ...................................................................................33 3.3. FOSTERING A RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO PLANNING35 4. FUNCTIONAL ZONING , WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES AND EMISSION LIMIT STANDARDS.............................................................................................37 4.1. FUNCTIONAL ZONING SYSTEM................................................................. 37 4.1.1. CONCEPTUAL APPROACH OF FUNCTION ZONING ............................................37 4.1.2. PRESENT SITUATION OF WATER FUNCTION ZONING IN SRB ..........................38 4.2. SETTING WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES FOR THE SONGHUA RIVER BASIN........................................................................................................... 41 4.2.1. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ..............................................................................41 4.3. SETTING EMISSION LIMIT VALUES FOR DISCHARGES ......................... 44 4.3.1. EMISSION LIMIT VALUES APPROACH IN CHINA..................................................45 4.3.2. TOTAL LOAD CONTROL APPROACHES ...............................................................46 SOGREAH / DELFT – AUGUST 2005 PAGE I PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA – THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK SONGHUA RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY & POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT – TA 4061-PRC FINAL REPORT-VOLUME 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING 4.4. PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR SETTING WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES & EMISSION LIMITS............................................................. 47 5. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS , POLLUTION LOADS & BASIN WIDE TARGETS ........49 5.1. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS ........................................................................... 49 5.1.1. POPULATION & URBANISATION RATES...............................................................49 5.1.2. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE RIVER BASIN...............................................50 5.2. WATER USE PROJECTIONS ...................................................................... 54 5.2.1. DOMESTIC WATER USE ..........................................................................................54 5.2.2. INDUSTRIAL..............................................................................................................56 5.2.3. AGRICULTURAL .......................................................................................................57 5.2.4. OVERALL WATER RESOURCE UTILISATION .......................................................58 5.3. DEVELOPMENT OF A WASTE LOAD MODEL........................................... 62 5.3.1. DOMESTIC WASTE WATER DISCHARGES............................................................65 5.3.2. INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER DISCHARGES.........................................................65 COMPARISON OF OPTIONS TO REDUCE POLLUTION LOADS.............. 74 5.4. 74 5.4.1. COMPARISON OF “BUSINESS AS USUAL” WITH “DEMAND MANAGEMENT” SCENARIOS ..............................................................................................................74 5.4.2. IMPACT OF THE WASTEWATER PROJECTS ........................................................75 6. WATER RESOURCES & MINIMUM LOW FLOWS 77 6.1. SURFACE WATER QUANTITY AND WATER DEMAND ............................ 77 6.1.1. FUTURE DIVERSION WORKS AND RESERVOIRS ................................................78 6.1.2. WATER RESOURCE ALLOCATION.........................................................................79 6.2. MINIMUM FLOWS TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT............................. 80 6.2.1. FUTURE MINIMAL ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW.........................................................83 7. WATER QUALITY IMPACT ..........................................................................86 7.1. INTEGRATED WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT & MONITORING.......... 86 7.2. MODEL DESCRIPTIONS & SET-UP............................................................ 87 7.2.1. RELATION BETWEEN POLLUTANT LOADS AND WATER QUALITY STANDARDS .............................................................................................................88 7.2.2. THE SURFACE WATER QUANTITY & WATER QUALITY MODEL........................89 7.3. MODEL CALIBRATION & BASELINE CONDITIONS.................................. 90 7.4. THE CONCEPT OF CARRYING CAPACITY IN RELATION TO MODELLING90 7.5. IMPACTS WITH THE PROJECTS................................................................ 91 8. THE STRATEGIC PLAN ..............................................................................94 8.1. A VISION FOR THESONGHUA RIVER BASIN............................................ 94 8.2. OBJECTIVES................................................................................................ 95 8.2.1. INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER..................................................................................95 8.2.2. DOMESTIC WASTEWATER......................................................................................95 8.3. STRATEGIES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT..........................................................................................