Its All About... Deadly Dinosaurs Free

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Its All About... Deadly Dinosaurs Free FREE ITS ALL ABOUT... DEADLY DINOSAURS PDF Kingfisher | 32 pages | 02 Jul 2015 | Pan MacMillan | 9780753438893 | English | London, United Kingdom A Complete List of Every Dinosaur On the following slides, you'll discover nine tyrannosaurs, raptorsand other kinds of dinosaurs that could turn you into lunch or a flattened, quivering pile of bones and internal organs faster than you can say "Jurassic World. During the Cretaceous period, the dinosaurs of South America tended to be bigger and fiercer than their counterparts elsewhere on the globe. The Giganotosaurusan eight- to ton, three-fingered predator whose remains have been found in close proximity to those of Argentinosaurusis one of the biggest dinosaurs ever to walk the Earth. Deinonychus and Velociraptor get all the press, but for sheer killing ability, no raptor was more dangerous than Utahraptoradult specimens of which weighed almost a ton compared to pounds at most, for an exceptionally big Deinonychus. The Utahraptor's characteristic sickle-shaped toe claws were nine inches long and incredibly sharp. Weirdly, this giant raptor lived 50 Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs years before its more famous descendants, which were considerably smaller but a lot faster. We'll never know if Tyrannosaurus rex was particularly fiercer or scarier than other, less-popular tyrannosaurs like Albertosaurus or Alioramus — or even whether it hunted live prey or spent most of its time feasting on already-dead carcasses. Whatever the case, there's no question that T. You have to admit, Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs, that its tiny arms lent it a slightly comical appearance. You might not expect to encounter a small-headed, small-brained plant eater like Stegosaurus on a list of the world's deadliest dinosaurs—but focus your attention on the other side of this herbivore's body, and you'll see a dangerously spiked tail that could easily bash in the skull of a hungry Allosaurus see Slide 8. This thagomizer so named after a famous "Far Side" cartoon helped to compensate for Stegosaurus ' lack Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs intelligence and speed. In roughly the same weight class as Giganotosaurus and Tyrannosaurus rexthe northern African Spinosaurus was blessed with an additional evolutionary advantage: It's the world's first identified swimming dinosaur. This ton Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs spent its days in and around rivers, pinning fish between its massive, crocodile-like jaws and occasionally surfacing like a shark to terrorize smaller, land-bound dinosaurs. Majungasaurusonce known as Majungatholushas been dubbed the cannibal dinosaur by the press, and Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs though this may be overstating the case, that doesn't mean this carnivore's reputation is entirely unearned. The discovery of ancient Majungasaurus bones bearing equally ancient Majungasaurus tooth marks is a good indication that these one-ton theropods preyed on others of their kind hunting them down when they were very hungry and maybe even feasting on their remains if they found them dead. Although, it seems that this predator spent most of its time terrifying the smaller, quivering, plant-eating dinosaurs of late Cretaceous Africa. Whereas Stegosaurus Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs a spiked thagomizer on the end of its tail, Ankylosaurus was equipped with a massive, hundred-pound tail club, the late Cretaceous equivalent of a medieval mace. A well-aimed swing of this club could easily break the hind leg of a hungry Tyrannosaurus rexor even knock out a few of its teeth, though one imagines it may also have been employed in intraspecies combat during mating season. It can be, well, deadly to speculate Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs how many individuals existed at any given time for any given dinosaur genus, based solely on the fossil evidence. But if we agree to make that imaginative leap, then Allosaurus was a far deadlier predator than the much later Tyrannosaurus rex —numerous specimens of this fierce, strong-jawed, three-ton meat-eater have been discovered across the western United States. As deadly as it was, though, Allosaurus wasn't very smart—for example, a group of adults perished in a single quarry in Utah, mired in deep muck as they salivated over already-trapped and struggling prey. Surely, you must be thinking, Diplodocus doesn't belong on a list of the world's deadliest dinosaurs. Diplodocus, that gentle, long-necked, and invariably mispronounced plant-eater of the late Jurassic period? Well, the fact is that this foot-long sauropod was equipped with a slender, foot-long tail that some paleontologists believe it could crack like a whip, at hypersonic speeds, to keep predators like Allosaurus at bay. Of course, Diplodocus not to mention the contemporaneous Brachiosaurus and Apatosaurus could simply squish its enemies flat with a well-placed stomp of its hind Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs, but that's a much less cinematic scenario. Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs Flipboard Email. Bob Strauss. Science Writer. Updated September 20, ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our. It's all aboutDeadly Dinosaurs | Kingfisher | Dinosaurs once ruled Earth and we're continually learning more about them. You might know of the T. It spans the Triassic, Jurassic, and Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs periods and includes interesting facts about each dinosaur. You'll find it to be hours of fun and there's a new dinosaur waiting for you to discover. Within these first dinosaurs, you will find well-known names like the Brachiosaurus, Brontosaurus, and the Apatosaurus formerly the Brontosaurus. There are also interesting dinosaurs like the Argentinosaurus which is thought to have been the largest dinosaur ever to live and the Dromiceiomimus, which may have been the fastest. You can also get Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs hint at how paleontologists have fun when naming dinosaurs. For instance, the Bambiraptor was a tiny raptor named for Walt Disney's famous deer and the Dracorex got its name from the "Harry Potter" books. Abydosaurus - This sauropod's intact skull was discovered in Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs Achelousaurus - Might this have been Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs growth stage of Pachyrhinosaurus? Acristavus - This early hadrosaur lacked any ornamentation on its skull. Acrotholus - North America's earliest bone-headed dinosaur. Aerosteon - This air-boned dinosaur may have breathed like a bird. Afrovenator - One of the few carnivores ever to be dug up in northern Africa. Agathaumas - The first ceratopsian dinosaur ever discovered. Alectrosaurus - Few specimens of this "unmarried lizard" have been found. Alvarezsaurus - A bird-like dinosaur of the Late Cretaceous. Alxasaurus - An early relative of the bizarre Therizinosaurus. Ammosaurus - This may or may not have been the same dinosaur as Anchisaurus. Ampelosaurus - One of the best-known of the armored titanosaurs. Anatosaurus - This dinosaur is now known as either Anatotitan or Edmontosaurus. Anchiceratops - This dinosaur had a distinctively shaped Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs. Anchiornis - A four-winged dino-bird that resembled Microraptor. Anzu - This Oviraptor relative was recently discovered in North America. Appalachiosaurus - One of the few dinosaurs ever to be found in Alabama. Aquilops - The earliest ceratopsian ever to be discovered in North America. Aragosaurus - Named after the Aragon region of Spain. Austroraptor - The largest raptor from South America. Balaur - This "stocky dragon" was recently discovered in Romania. Barapasaurus - Probably the first of the giant sauropods. Barilium - Yet another iguanodontid ornithopod Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs the British Isles. Bicentenaria - This dinosaur was named for Argentina's th anniversary. Bonapartenykus - This feathered dinosaur was found in close proximity to its eggs. Bonitasaura - This titanosaur wasn't as beautiful as its name implies. Brachytrachelopan - This sauropod had an unusually short neck. Brontomerus - Its name is Greek for "thunder thighs. Byronosaurus - This theropod was a close relative of Troodon. Camarillasaurus - A ceratosaur of early Cretaceous western Europe. Camptosaurus - A close relative of Iguanodon. Cetiosaurus - This "whale lizard" was once mistaken for the Loch Ness Monster. Charonosaurus - This duck-billed dinosaur was Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs bigger than an elephant. Chilesaurus - This plant-eating theropod was recently discovered in Chile. Chirostenotes - This birdlike dinosaur has been known by three different names. Claosaurus - This "broken lizard" was a primitive hadrosaur. Coelurus - This tiny dinosaur was a close relative of Compsognathus. Conchoraptor - This "conch thief" may have lunched on mollusks. Cruxicheiros - This "cross-handed" dinosaur was named in Cryolophosaurus -This crested dinosaur was once known as "Elvisaurus. Daemonosaurus - This "evil lizard" was a close relative of Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs. Dakotaraptor - This giant raptor was recently discovered in South Dakota. Datousaurus - A medium-sized sauropod from middle Jurassic Asia. Darwinsaurus - "Darwin's lizard" may or may not be a valid dinosaur genus. Diabloceratops - it looked like a cross between a Triceratops and a Centrosaurus. Dracovenator - This "dragon Its All About. Deadly Dinosaurs was a close relative of Dilophosaurus. Dravidosaurus - This "dinosaur" may actually have been a marine reptile. Dromaeosaurus - This "running lizard" was probably covered with feathers. Dryptosaurus - The
Recommended publications
  • A Neoceratopsian Dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia And
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01222-7 OPEN A neoceratopsian dinosaur from the early Cretaceous of Mongolia and the early evolution of ceratopsia ✉ Congyu Yu 1 , Albert Prieto-Marquez2, Tsogtbaatar Chinzorig 3,4, Zorigt Badamkhatan4,5 & Mark Norell1 1234567890():,; Ceratopsia is a diverse dinosaur clade from the Middle Jurassic to Late Cretaceous with early diversification in East Asia. However, the phylogeny of basal ceratopsians remains unclear. Here we report a new basal neoceratopsian dinosaur Beg tse based on a partial skull from Baruunbayan, Ömnögovi aimag, Mongolia. Beg is diagnosed by a unique combination of primitive and derived characters including a primitively deep premaxilla with four pre- maxillary teeth, a trapezoidal antorbital fossa with a poorly delineated anterior margin, very short dentary with an expanded and shallow groove on lateral surface, the derived presence of a robust jugal having a foramen on its anteromedial surface, and five equally spaced tubercles on the lateral ridge of the surangular. This is to our knowledge the earliest known occurrence of basal neoceratopsian in Mongolia, where this group was previously only known from Late Cretaceous strata. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that it is sister to all other neoceratopsian dinosaurs. 1 Division of Vertebrate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York 10024, USA. 2 Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, ICTA-ICP, Edifici Z, c/de les Columnes s/n Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain. 3 Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. 4 Institute of Paleontology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, ✉ Ulaanbaatar 15160, Mongolia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs, Second Edition
    MASS ESTIMATES - DINOSAURS ETC (largely based on models) taxon k model femur length* model volume ml x specific gravity = model mass g specimen (modeled 1st):kilograms:femur(or other long bone length)usually in decameters kg = femur(or other long bone)length(usually in decameters)3 x k k = model volume in ml x specific gravity(usually for whole model) then divided/model femur(or other long bone)length3 (in most models femur in decameters is 0.5253 = 0.145) In sauropods the neck is assigned a distinct specific gravity; in dinosaurs with large feathers their mass is added separately; in dinosaurs with flight ablity the mass of the fight muscles is calculated separately as a range of possiblities SAUROPODS k femur trunk neck tail total neck x 0.6 rest x0.9 & legs & head super titanosaur femur:~55000-60000:~25:00 Argentinosaurus ~4 PVPH-1:~55000:~24.00 Futalognkosaurus ~3.5-4 MUCPv-323:~25000:19.80 (note:downsize correction since 2nd edition) Dreadnoughtus ~3.8 “ ~520 ~75 50 ~645 0.45+.513=.558 MPM-PV 1156:~26000:19.10 Giraffatitan 3.45 .525 480 75 25 580 .045+.455=.500 HMN MB.R.2181:31500(neck 2800):~20.90 “XV2”:~45000:~23.50 Brachiosaurus ~4.15 " ~590 ~75 ~25 ~700 " +.554=~.600 FMNH P25107:~35000:20.30 Europasaurus ~3.2 “ ~465 ~39 ~23 ~527 .023+.440=~.463 composite:~760:~6.20 Camarasaurus 4.0 " 542 51 55 648 .041+.537=.578 CMNH 11393:14200(neck 1000):15.25 AMNH 5761:~23000:18.00 juv 3.5 " 486 40 55 581 .024+.487=.511 CMNH 11338:640:5.67 Chuanjiesaurus ~4.1 “ ~550 ~105 ~38 ~693 .063+.530=.593 Lfch 1001:~10700:13.75 2 M.
    [Show full text]
  • New Tyrannosaur from the Mid-Cretaceous of Uzbekistan Clarifies Evolution of Giant Body Sizes and Advanced Senses in Tyrant Dinosaurs
    Edinburgh Research Explorer New tyrannosaur from the mid-Cretaceous of Uzbekistan clarifies evolution of giant body sizes and advanced senses in tyrant dinosaurs Citation for published version: Brusatte, SL, Averianov, A, Sues, H, Muir, A & Butler, IB 2016, 'New tyrannosaur from the mid-Cretaceous of Uzbekistan clarifies evolution of giant body sizes and advanced senses in tyrant dinosaurs', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, pp. 201600140. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600140113 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1073/pnas.1600140113 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 04. Oct. 2021 Classification: Physical Sciences: Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; Biological Sciences: Evolution New tyrannosaur from the mid-Cretaceous of Uzbekistan clarifies evolution of giant body sizes and advanced senses in tyrant dinosaurs Stephen L. Brusattea,1, Alexander Averianovb,c, Hans-Dieter Suesd, Amy Muir1, Ian B. Butler1 aSchool of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK bZoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.
    [Show full text]
  • A Dinosaur Called Tiny Free
    FREE A DINOSAUR CALLED TINY PDF Alan Durant,Jo Simpson | 32 pages | 06 Aug 2007 | HarperCollins Publishers | 9780007233908 | English | London, United Kingdom A Dinosaur Called Tiny by Alan Durant Members of its single species Compsognathus longipes could grow to around the size of a turkey. Paleontologists have found two well-preserved fossilsone in Germany in the s and the second in France more than a century later. Today, C. Many presentations still describe Compsognathus as "chicken-sized" dinosaurs because of the size of the German specimen, which is now believed to be a juvenile. Compsognathus longipes is one of the few dinosaur species whose diet is known with certainty: the remains of small, agile lizards are preserved in the bellies of both specimens. Teeth discovered in Portugal may be further fossil remains of the genus. Although not recognized as such at the time of its discovery, Compsognathus is the first theropod dinosaur known from a reasonably complete fossil skeleton. Until the s, it was the smallest-known non- avialan dinosaur, with the preceding centuries incorrectly labelling them as the closest relative of Archaeopteryx. However, dinosaurs discovered later, such as CaenagnathasiaMicroraptor and Parvicursorwere even smaller. The largest Compsognathus specimen is estimated to have weighed somewhere between A Dinosaur Called Tiny. Compsognathus were small, bipedal animals with long hind legs and longer tails, which they used for balance during locomotion. The forelimbs were smaller than the hindlimbs. The hand bore two large, clawed digits and a third, smaller A Dinosaur Called Tiny that may have been non-functional. The skull had five pairs of fenestrae skull openingsthe largest of which was for the orbit eye socket[7] with the eyes being larger in proportion to the rest of the skull.
    [Show full text]
  • Implications for Predatory Dinosaur Macroecology and Ontogeny in Later Late Cretaceous Asiamerica
    Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Theropod Guild Structure and the Tyrannosaurid Niche Assimilation Hypothesis: Implications for Predatory Dinosaur Macroecology and Ontogeny in later Late Cretaceous Asiamerica Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Manuscript ID cjes-2020-0174.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 04-Jan-2021 Author: Complete List of Authors: Holtz, Thomas; University of Maryland at College Park, Department of Geology; NationalDraft Museum of Natural History, Department of Geology Keyword: Dinosaur, Ontogeny, Theropod, Paleocology, Mesozoic, Tyrannosauridae Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Tribute to Dale Russell Issue? : © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Page 1 of 91 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1 Theropod Guild Structure and the Tyrannosaurid Niche Assimilation Hypothesis: 2 Implications for Predatory Dinosaur Macroecology and Ontogeny in later Late Cretaceous 3 Asiamerica 4 5 6 Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. 7 8 Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA 9 Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013 USA 10 Email address: [email protected] 11 ORCID: 0000-0002-2906-4900 Draft 12 13 Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. 14 Department of Geology 15 8000 Regents Drive 16 University of Maryland 17 College Park, MD 20742 18 USA 19 Phone: 1-301-405-4084 20 Fax: 1-301-314-9661 21 Email address: [email protected] 22 23 1 © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Page 2 of 91 24 ABSTRACT 25 Well-sampled dinosaur communities from the Jurassic through the early Late Cretaceous show 26 greater taxonomic diversity among larger (>50kg) theropod taxa than communities of the 27 Campano-Maastrichtian, particularly to those of eastern/central Asia and Laramidia.
    [Show full text]
  • A Diplodocid Sauropod Survivor from the Early Cretaceous of South America
    A Diplodocid Sauropod Survivor from the Early Cretaceous of South America Pablo A. Gallina1,2*, Sebastia´n Apesteguı´a1,2, Alejandro Haluza3, Juan I. Canale1,3 1 CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2 Fundacio´n de Historia Natural Fe´lix de Azara, Universidad Maimo´nides, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 3 Museo Paleontolo´gico Ernesto Bachmann, Villa El Choco´n, Neuque´n, Argentina Abstract Diplodocids are by far the most emblematic sauropod dinosaurs. They are part of Diplodocoidea, a vast clade whose other members are well-known from Jurassic and Cretaceous strata in Africa, Europe, North and South America. However, Diplodocids were never certainly recognized from the Cretaceous or in any other southern land mass besides Africa. Here we report a new sauropod, Leikupal laticauda gen. et sp. nov., from the early Lower Cretaceous (Bajada Colorada Formation) of Neuque´n Province, Patagonia, Argentina. This taxon differs from any other sauropod by the presence of anterior caudal transverse process extremely developed with lateroventral expansions reinforced by robust dorsal and ventral bars, very robust centroprezygapophyseal lamina in anterior caudal vertebra and paired pneumatic fossae on the postzygapophyses in anterior-most caudal vertebra. The phylogenetic analyses support its position not only within Diplodocidae but also as a member of Diplodocinae, clustering together with the African form Tornieria, pushing the origin of Diplodocoidea to the Middle Jurassic or even earlier. The new discovery represents the first record of a diplodocid for South America and the stratigraphically youngest record of this clade anywhere. Citation: Gallina PA, Apesteguı´a S, Haluza A, Canale JI (2014) A Diplodocid Sauropod Survivor from the Early Cretaceous of South America.
    [Show full text]
  • Difficulties with the Origin of Dinosaurs: a Short Comment on the Current Debate
    REVIEW ARTICLE Difficulties with the origin of dinosaurs: a short comment on the current debate MATTHEW G. BARON BPP University, 144 Uxbridge Road, London W12 8AA, UK E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The origin and early evolutionary history of the dinosaurs is a topic that has recently gone through a period of renewed interest and academic debate. For 130 years, one way of classifying the various dinosaur subgroups persisted as the accepted model, with increasing levels of research in the past quarter-century also providing evidence for the hypothesis that dinosaur origination occurred in the Southern Hemisphere, particularly in South America. It is, after all, from within the Late Triassic strata of countries like Argentina and Brazil that we get some of the very best early dinosaur specimens; many of these specimens are the earliest known representatives of some of the major dinosaur subgroups, such as the theropods and sauropodomorphs. However, some recent analyses have brought about a shift in terms of what is currently accepted and what is now disputed regarding the origin of dinosaurs – the Southern Hemisphere origination hypothesis was questioned (although this was based upon observations and not with quantitative analysis techniques), as has the shape of the dinosaur tree. Responses to the new hypothesis were numerous and robust, and new analyses further supported a Southern Hemisphere point of origin. Whilst the interrelationships between the major dinosaur clades remains to be fully resolved, the current data does seem to comprehensively answer the question of where the dinosaurs first originated. However, it is arguable whether or not the current data that is being used in such palaeobiogeographical analyses is sufficient to provide a meaningful answer to the question of where specifically the dinosaur clade first appeared.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nonavian Theropod Quadrate II: Systematic Usefulness, Major Trends and Cladistic and Phylogenetic Morphometrics Analyses
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272162807 The nonavian theropod quadrate II: systematic usefulness, major trends and cladistic and phylogenetic morphometrics analyses Article · January 2014 DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.380v2 CITATION READS 1 90 3 authors: Christophe Hendrickx Ricardo Araujo University of the Witwatersrand Technical University of Lisbon 37 PUBLICATIONS 210 CITATIONS 89 PUBLICATIONS 324 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Octávio Mateus University NOVA of Lisbon 224 PUBLICATIONS 2,205 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Nature and Time on Earth - Project for a course and a book for virtual visits to past environments in learning programmes for university students (coordinators Edoardo Martinetto, Emanuel Tschopp, Robert A. Gastaldo) View project Ten Sleep Wyoming Jurassic dinosaurs View project All content following this page was uploaded by Octávio Mateus on 12 February 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The nonavian theropod quadrate II: systematic usefulness, major trends and cladistic and phylogenetic morphometrics analyses Christophe Hendrickx1,2 1Universidade Nova de Lisboa, CICEGe, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal. 2 Museu da Lourinhã, 9 Rua João Luis de Moura, 2530-158, Lourinhã, Portugal. s t [email protected] n i r P e 2,3,4,5 r Ricardo Araújo P 2 Museu da Lourinhã, 9 Rua João Luis de Moura, 2530-158, Lourinhã, Portugal. 3 Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, PO Box 750395, 75275-0395, Dallas, Texas, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Hierarchical Clustering Analysis Suppcdr.Cdr
    Distance Hierarchical joiningclustering 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 Sinosauropteryx Caudipteryx Eoraptor Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Megaraptora basal Coelurosauria Noasauridae Neotheropoda non-averostran T non-tyrannosaurid Dromaeosauridae basalmost Theropoda Oviraptorosauria Compsognathidae Therizinosauria T A yrannosauroidea Compsognathus roodontidae ves Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Richardoestesia Scipionyx Buitreraptor Compsognathus Troodon Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Juravenator Sinosauropteryx Juravenator Juravenator Sinosauropteryx Incisivosaurus Coelophysis Scipionyx Richardoestesia Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Compsognathus Richardoestesia Juravenator Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Buitreraptor Saurornitholestes Ichthyornis Saurornitholestes Ichthyornis Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Juravenator Scipionyx Buitreraptor Coelophysis Richardoestesia Coelophysis Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Coelophysis Richardoestesia Bambiraptor Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Velociraptor Juravenator Saurornitholestes Saurornitholestes Buitreraptor Coelophysis Coelophysis Ornitholestes Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Juravenator Saurornitholestes Velociraptor Saurornitholestes
    [Show full text]
  • New Transitional Fossil from Late Jurassic of Chile Sheds Light on the Origin of Modern Crocodiles Fernando E
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN New transitional fossil from late Jurassic of Chile sheds light on the origin of modern crocodiles Fernando E. Novas1,2, Federico L. Agnolin1,2,3*, Gabriel L. Lio1, Sebastián Rozadilla1,2, Manuel Suárez4, Rita de la Cruz5, Ismar de Souza Carvalho6,8, David Rubilar‑Rogers7 & Marcelo P. Isasi1,2 We describe the basal mesoeucrocodylian Burkesuchus mallingrandensis nov. gen. et sp., from the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) Toqui Formation of southern Chile. The new taxon constitutes one of the few records of non‑pelagic Jurassic crocodyliforms for the entire South American continent. Burkesuchus was found on the same levels that yielded titanosauriform and diplodocoid sauropods and the herbivore theropod Chilesaurus diegosuarezi, thus expanding the taxonomic composition of currently poorly known Jurassic reptilian faunas from Patagonia. Burkesuchus was a small‑sized crocodyliform (estimated length 70 cm), with a cranium that is dorsoventrally depressed and transversely wide posteriorly and distinguished by a posteroventrally fexed wing‑like squamosal. A well‑defned longitudinal groove runs along the lateral edge of the postorbital and squamosal, indicative of a anteroposteriorly extensive upper earlid. Phylogenetic analysis supports Burkesuchus as a basal member of Mesoeucrocodylia. This new discovery expands the meagre record of non‑pelagic representatives of this clade for the Jurassic Period, and together with Batrachomimus, from Upper Jurassic beds of Brazil, supports the idea that South America represented a cradle for the evolution of derived crocodyliforms during the Late Jurassic. In contrast to the Cretaceous Period and Cenozoic Era, crocodyliforms from the Jurassic Period are predomi- nantly known from marine forms (e.g., thalattosuchians)1.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Middle Jurassic Diplodocoid Suggests an Earlier Dispersal and Diversification of Sauropod Dinosaurs
    ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05128-1 OPEN A new Middle Jurassic diplodocoid suggests an earlier dispersal and diversification of sauropod dinosaurs Xing Xu1, Paul Upchurch2, Philip D. Mannion 3, Paul M. Barrett 4, Omar R. Regalado-Fernandez 2, Jinyou Mo5, Jinfu Ma6 & Hongan Liu7 1234567890():,; The fragmentation of the supercontinent Pangaea has been suggested to have had a profound impact on Mesozoic terrestrial vertebrate distributions. One current paradigm is that geo- graphic isolation produced an endemic biota in East Asia during the Jurassic, while simul- taneously preventing diplodocoid sauropod dinosaurs and several other tetrapod groups from reaching this region. Here we report the discovery of the earliest diplodocoid, and the first from East Asia, to our knowledge, based on fossil material comprising multiple individuals and most parts of the skeleton of an early Middle Jurassic dicraeosaurid. The new discovery challenges conventional biogeographical ideas, and suggests that dispersal into East Asia occurred much earlier than expected. Moreover, the age of this new taxon indicates that many advanced sauropod lineages originated at least 15 million years earlier than previously realised, achieving a global distribution while Pangaea was still a coherent landmass. 1 Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology & Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100044 Beijing, China. 2 Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. 3 Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK. 4 Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. 5 Natural History Museum of Guangxi, 530012 Nanning, Guangxi, China.
    [Show full text]
  • The Paleontograph______
    __________The Paleontograph________ A newsletter for those interested in all aspects of Paleontology Volume 4 Issue 4 October, 2015 _________________________________________________________________ From Your Editor Welcome to our latest issue. This issue is one of the final things I do before shutting down my office for my move west. With all that is going on, I've only managed 4 issues so far this year. My field season has suffered also although I did manage a few days of collecting dinosaur material in SD thanks to a friend that brought me along on one of his trips. I met a bunch of nice people and had a good time playing in the dirt for a few days. I set my booth up at the Denver Coliseum show again this year and had an extremely successful show. For those of you that don't go to shows, I recommend it even if you are not a buyer. There are always cool things to see and cool people to meet. I went to shows for years before I started my business because I was always fascinated by what the commercial market brings to light that the scientific community just misses due to lack of funding, time, storage and just plain lack of interest. The shame of it is that as many in that community try to shut down the fossil marketplace, there are fossils out there just eroding away into dust. Anyone that spends time in the field as opposed to time at a desk can attest to this. The desk people also don't realize the chilling effect this will have on the pursuit of knowledge.
    [Show full text]