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Microfluidic Device Prototyping Via Laser Processing of Glass and Polymer Materials

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Microfluidic Device Prototyping via Laser Processing of Glass and Polymer Materials By Aymen Ben azouz Dipl-Ing. MEng. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisors: Dr. Dermot Brabazon Dr. Mercedes Vázquez School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Dublin City University October 2013 i Declaration I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment on the programme of study leading to the award of Ph.D. is entirely my own work, that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge breach any law of copyright, and has not been taken from the work of others save and to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work. Aymen Ben azouz Signed: …………………....……… ID No.: 57101213 Date: 12 December 2013 i Publications This work has been disseminated through the following publications: Book Chapters Ben Azouz, A., Vasquez and M., Brabazon, Developments of Laser Fabrication Methods for Lab-on-Chip Microfluidic Multisensing Devices, Comprehensive Materials Processing , ISBN-13: 978-0080965321, Publication Date: March 15, 2014 Piasecki T., Ben Azouz A., Brabazon D., Paull B. and Macka M., Numerical Modelling of Light Propagation for Development of Capillary Electrophoretic and Photochemical Detection Systems, Electrophoresis, ISBN 978-953-51-0846-7, Published: November 7, 2012 Journal papers: Ben Azouz, A., Murphy S., Karazi S.M. ,Vasquez, M., and Brabazon, D., Fast Fabrication Process Of Microfluidic Devices Based On Cyclic Olefin Copolymer, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Accepted 30 of May 2013 Ben Azouz, A., Vasquez, M., Brabazon, D., and Paull, B., Laser Processing of Quartz for Microfluidic Device Fabrication, Advanced Materials Research, Vol 445, pp 436- 441, Jan. 2012 International Peer Reviewed Conference papers: Ben Azouz, A., Murphy, S., Karazi, S.M., Vázquez, M. and Brabazon, D., Fast Fabrication Process Of Microfluidic Devices Based On Cyclic Olefin Copolymer, 15th International Conference On Advances In Materials & Processing Technologies (AMPT), Wollongong, NSW, Australia, 23-26 September 2012, Ben Azouz, A., Vasquez, M., Brabazon, D., and Paull, B., Laser Processing of Quartz for Microfluidic Device Fabrication, 14th International Conference On Advances In Materials and Processing Technologies (AMPT), Istanbul, Turkey, 13-16 Jun 2011 ii Ben Azouz, A., O'Connor, R., Vasquez, M., Brabazon, D., and Paull, B., Cyclic olefin copolymer strip processing for freeform fabrication of multi-layered microfluidic sensing systems, Solid Freeform Fabrication Proceedings, pp 128, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA, August 2010. Library of Congress ISSN 1053-2153 Karazi, S.M., Brabazon, D., Ben Azouz A., Dimensions and cost prediction modelling of Nd:YVO4 laser internal micro-channel fabrication in PMMA, Nanotech 2010 Conference, Vol. 2, pp. 492-495, Anaheim, California, USA, 21st - 24th June 2010, ISBN 978-1-4398-3402-2, 2010. Ben Azouz, A. and Karazi, S., Brabazon, D., Vázques, M., Macka, M., Paull, B., Effect of laser processing parameters and glass type on topology of micro-channels, Nanotech 2010 Conference, Vol. 2, pp. 492-495, Anaheim, California, USA, 21st - 24th June 2010, ISBN 978-1-4398-3402-2, 2010. Ben Azouz, A., Piasecki, T., Brabazon, D., Vázques, M., Macka, M., and Paull, B., Laser Induced plasma and glass type effect on the process of micro-channel fabrication using CO2 laser, 37th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics, Dublin, Ireland, Europhysics Conference Abstracts, Vol. 34A. P5.318, ISBN 2-914771-62-2, 21st-25th June 2010 Oral Presentations Ben Azouz, A., Murphy, S., Karazi, S.M., Vázquez, M. and Brabazon, D., Fast Fabrication Process Of Microfluidic Devices Based On Cyclic Olefin Copolymer, 15th International Conference On Advances In Materials & Processing Technologies (AMPT), Wollongong, NSW, Australia, 24th of September 2012 S., Karazi, Ben Azouz, A., and Brabazon, D., Laser Micro-Machining Control: Numerical And Statistical Modelling Techniques, 15th International Conference On Advances In Materials & Processing Technologies (AMPT), Wollongong, NSW, Australia, 25th of September 2012, Ben Azouz, A., Vasquez, M., Brabazon, D., and Paull, B., Laser Processing of Quartz for Microfluidic Device Fabrication 14th International Conference On Advances In Materials & Processing Technologies (AMPT), Istanbul, Turkey, 16th of Jun 2011, iii Ben Azouz, A., O'Connor, R., Vasquez, M., Brabazon, D., and Paull, B., Cyclic olefin copolymer strip processing for freeform fabrication of multi-layered microfluidic sensing systems, Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF), 2010, 9th-11th Aug 2010, Austin TX, USA Ben Azouz, A., Vasquez, M., Brabazon, D., and Paull, B., Development of Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Multilayered Microfluidic Passive Mixers, YMC: Research and Innovations conference 17th of September 2010: Swansea University, Wales Posters: A. Ben Azouz, X. He, D. Moore, M. Vázquez, E. Nesterenko, D. Collins , B. Paull and D. Brabazon, Focussed Ion Beam Serial Sectioning And Imaging Of Carbon Monolith For 3D Surface Reconstruction And Morphological Parameter Evaluation , Faculty Research Day 2012, DCU, Ireland, 12th of Sept 2012 A. Ben Azouz, M. Vázquez, , C.P. Romero, M. Obradovic, D. Grandjean, P. Lievens , B. Paull and D. Brabazon , Bimetallic nano-cluster deposition in microfluidic channels for bio-analyte detection, Action Meeting of COST MP0903, Limerick, October 12-14, 2011 Ben Azouz, S. Karazi, M. Vazquez, B. Paull and D. Brabazon, Laser processing of PMMA and polycarbonate for internal fabrication of microfluidic channels, Photonics Ireland, Dublin 7th -9th September 2011. A. Ben Azouz, X. He, D. Moore, M. Vázquez, E. Nesterenko, D. Collins , B. Paull and D. Brabazon, Focussed Ion Beam Serial Sectioning And Imaging Of Carbon Monolith For 3D Surface Reconstruction And Morphological Parameter Evaluation 36th International Symposium on High-Performance Liquid Phase Separations and Related Techniques (HPLC 2011), Budapest, Hungary 19-23 June, 2011 A. Ben azouz, M. Vázquez, P. Floris, H. Alwael, P. Clarke, R. Thompson, B. O’Connor, B. Twamley, D. Connolly, B. Paull, D. Brabazon, Deposition of nanoalloysfor enhanced detection of chemical and biological species, European Cost Action MP0903, Nanoalloys as advanced materials: from structure to properties and applications, Barcelona, Spain, April 14-16, 2011 iv Ben Azouz, S.M. Karazi, M. Vázquez, B. Paull and D. Brabazon, Internal Laser Processing of Polycarbonate for the Purpose of Microfluidic Fabrication, Conference on Analytical Sciences Ireland, 6th CASi , Dublin, Ireland 21st of February 2011 A. Ben Azouz, S. M. Karazi, D. Brabazon, M. Vazquez, M. Macka and B. Paull, Effect of laser processing parameters and glass type on topology of micro-channels, Nano Science and Technology Institute NSTI-Microtech 2010, Conference and Expo, Anaheim, California, U.S.A, 22nd of June 2010. Ben Azouz, A., Piasecki, T., Brabazon, D., Vázques, M., Macka, M., and Paull, B., Laser Induced plasma and glass type effect on the process of micro-channel fabrication using CO2 laser, 37th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics, 21st-25th June 2010, Dublin, Ireland, Karazi, S., Brabazon, D., and Ben Azouz, A. Dimensions and cost prediction modelling of Nd:YVO4 laser internal micro-channel fabrication in PMMA, NanoScience and Technology Institute NSTI-Microtech 2010 Conference and Expo, Anaheim, California, U.S.A, 22nd of June 2010. Ben Azouz, A. and Karazi, S., Brabazon, D., Vázques, M., Macka, M., Paull, B., Effect of laser processing parameters and glass type on topology of micro-channels, Faculty Research Day 2010, Dublin City University, Ireland, 12th of May 2010. v Dedication To My Beloved Mum & Dad The source of all the good in me i Acknowledgements I would like to start by acknowledging and thanking my supervisor, Dr. Dermot Brabazon for giving me the opportunity to carry out this research, for his advice and guidance and for the constructive suggestions, comments and advice throughout the project. I extend my gratitude to Dr. Mercedes Vázquez for her support and infectious enthusiasm, for the long hours of discussions, mixing encouragements and critiques, for her patience and perseverance and ability to resolve issues I sought her help on. Having two such expansive sources of knowledge from separate disciplines was hugely beneficial to me. Thanks Dermot and Mercedes. I would also like to thank the technical and administrative staff of the School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering and of the National Centre for Sensor Research (NCSR) who provided the technical assistance and advice to achieve this work. Special thoughts for the late Martin Johnson, who helped me with the initial CO2 laser work. I extend my gratitude to the staff of other schools and research centres for their technical support on a number of characterisation techniques. I thank my so many friends inside and outside DCU, for their encouragement and help, namely, Abdelaleem, Abdulmoneem, Ahmed Alsaba, Ahmed Chebbi, Dave Collins, Dali, Evelyn, Farah, Fiachra, Hassan, Khalid, Melissa, Mustafa, Nicola, Salem, Samira, Shadi, Zakaria, Ali and his family, and finally Jihad and his lovely family, specially little's Bochra and Nada. I thank you all for being always concerned about my study, for your moral support and most importantly your stunning sense of humour that made my life much easier and saved my sanity. I apologise for the so many names not included here, this only means
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