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Road Map for Developing & Strengthening The
KENYA ROAD MAP FOR DEVELOPING & STRENGTHENING THE PROCESSED MANGO SECTOR DECEMBER 2014 TRADE IMPACT FOR GOOD The designations employed and the presentation of material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Trade Centre concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This document has not formally been edited by the International Trade Centre. ROAD MAP FOR DEVELOPING & STRENGTHENING THE KENYAN PROCESSED MANGO SECTOR Prepared for International Trade Centre Geneva, december 2014 ii This value chain roadmap was developed on the basis of technical assistance of the International Trade Centre ( ITC ). Views expressed herein are those of consultants and do not necessarily coincide with those of ITC, UN or WTO. Mention of firms, products and product brands does not imply the endorsement of ITC. This document has not been formally edited my ITC. The International Trade Centre ( ITC ) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organisation and the United Nations. Digital images on cover : © shutterstock Street address : ITC, 54-56, rue de Montbrillant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Postal address : ITC Palais des Nations 1211 Geneva, Switzerland Telephone : + 41- 22 730 0111 Postal address : ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland Email : [email protected] Internet : http :// www.intracen.org iii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Unless otherwise specified, all references to dollars ( $ ) are to United States dollars, and all references to tons are to metric tons. The following abbreviations are used : AIJN European Fruit Juice Association BRC British Retail Consortium CPB Community Business Plan DC Developing countries EFTA European Free Trade Association EPC Export Promotion Council EU European Union FPEAK Fresh Produce Exporters Association of Kenya FT Fairtrade G.A.P. -
Economics Analysis of Mango Orchard Production Under Contract Farming in Taluka Tando Adam District Sanghar Sindh, Pakistan
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.5, No.11, 2015 Economics Analysis of Mango Orchard Production under Contract Farming in Taluka Tando Adam District Sanghar Sindh, Pakistan Ms. Irfana NoorMmemon *1 Sanaullah Noonari 1 Muhammad Yasir Sidhu 2 Mmuhammad Usman Arain 2 Riaz Hhussain Jamali 2 Aamir Ali Mirani 2 Akbar Khan Khajjak 2 Sajid Ali Sial 2 Rizwan Jamali 2 Abdul Hameed Jamro 2 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Social Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam Pakistan 2. Student, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Social Sciences,Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam Pakistan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The present study has been designed to investigate cost of production, and returns per acre of mango fruit. A sample of 60 mango farmers was taken purposively from various villages in taluka Tando Adam district Sanghar Sindh Pakistan. The objective was to work out benefit cost ratio and net present worth of growing mango orchard. The mango growers in study area on average per farm spent a sum of Rs. 38000.00. This included Rs. 6000.00 for loading, Rs. 16000.00 for transportation and Rs. 6000.00 of unloading respectively in the study area. The mango grower in the study area on average per acre spent a total cost of production of Rs. 203762.00 this included Rs.80000.00, Rs.28847.00, Rs.56915.00 and Rs.38000.00 on fixed cost, labour costs, Capital Inputs and marketing costs respectively in the study area. -
Pakistan News Digest: June 2020
June 2020 PAKISTAN NEWS DIGEST April 2020 A Select Summary of News, Views and Trends from the Pakistani Media Prepared by Dr. Zainab Akhter Dr. Nazir Ahmad Mir Dr. Mohammad Eisa Dr. Ashok Behuria MANOHAR PARRIKAR INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE STUDIES AND ANALYSES 1-Development Enclave, Near USI Delhi Cantonment, New Delhi-110010 PAKISTAN NEWS DIGEST, April 2020 CONTENTS POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................... 08 ECONOMIC ISSSUES............................................................................................ 12 SECURITY SITUATION ........................................................................................ 13 URDU & ELECTRONIC MEDIA Urdu ............................................................................................................................ 20 Electronic .................................................................................................................... 27 STATISTICS BOMBINGS, SHOOTINGS AND DISAPPEARANCES ...................................... 29 MPIDSA, New Delhi 1 POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS Relief force, Editorial, Dawn, 01 April1 Urgency is the need of the hour. To fight a pandemic that is spreading like wildfire and to mitigate its impact on their citizens, governments need to fashion responses that make the best use of precious time and resources. Raising a youth volunteer force called the Corona Relief Tigers, a measure formally announced by Prime Minister Imran Khan in his address to the nation on Monday, cannot be described -
Mango Production in Pakistan; Copyright © 1
MAGO PRODUCTIO I PAKISTA BY M. H. PAHWAR Published by: M. H. Panhwar Trust 157-C Unit No. 2 Latifabad, Hyderabad Mango Production in Pakistan; Copyright © www.panhwar.com 1 Chapter No Description 1. Mango (Magnifera Indica) Origin and Spread of Mango. 4 2. Botany. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 3. Climate .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 4. Suitability of Climate of Sindh for Raising Mango Fruit Crop. 25 5. Soils for Commercial Production of Mango .. .. 28 6. Mango Varieties or Cultivars .. .. .. .. 30 7. Breeding of Mango .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 8. How Extend Mango Season From 1 st May To 15 th September in Shortest Possible Time .. .. .. .. .. 58 9. Propagation. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 61 10. Field Mango Spacing. .. .. .. .. .. 69 11. Field Planting of Mango Seedlings or Grafted Plant .. 73 12. Macronutrients in Mango Production .. .. .. 75 13. Micro-Nutrient in Mango Production .. .. .. 85 14. Foliar Feeding of Nutrients to Mango .. .. .. 92 15. Foliar Feed to Mango, Based on Past 10 Years Experience by Authors’. .. .. .. .. .. 100 16. Growth Regulators and Mango .. .. .. .. 103 17. Irrigation of Mango. .. .. .. .. .. 109 18. Flowering how it takes Place and Flowering Models. .. 118 19. Biennially In Mango .. .. .. .. .. 121 20. How to Change Biennially In Mango .. .. .. 126 Mango Production in Pakistan; Copyright © www.panhwar.com 2 21. Causes of Fruit Drop .. .. .. .. .. 131 22. Wind Breaks .. .. .. .. .. .. 135 23. Training of Tree and Pruning for Maximum Health and Production .. .. .. .. .. 138 24. Weed Control .. .. .. .. .. .. 148 25. Mulching .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 150 26. Bagging of Mango .. .. .. .. .. .. 156 27. Harvesting .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 157 28. Yield .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 163 29. Packing of Mango for Market. .. .. .. .. 167 30. Post Harvest Treatments to Mango .. .. .. .. 171 31. Mango Diseases. .. .. .. .. .. .. 186 32. Insects Pests of Mango and their Control . -
Physico-Chemical Attributes and Heavy Metal Content of Mangoes (Mangifera Indica L.) Cultivated in Different Regions of Pakistan
Pak. J. Bot., 42(4): 2691-2702, 2010. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES AND HEAVY METAL CONTENT OF MANGOES (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) CULTIVATED IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF PAKISTAN SAEED AKHTAR1*, SAFINA NAZ1 , M.TUSEEF SULTAN1 , SEEMA MAHMOOD2, 3 4 MUHAMMAD NASIR AND ANWAAR AHMAD 1Department of Food and Horticultural Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan 2Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan 3Department of Animal Products Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan Department of Food Technology, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Abstract The present study was carried out to evaluate the physico-chemical attributes and heavy metal content of 4 popular mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties viz., Dusahri, Chaunsa, Ratol and Langra grown in Multan (MUL), Rahim Yar Khan (RYK) and Mir Pur Khas (MPK), three major districts of Pakistan. Ash content, total soluble solid (TSS), pH and titratable acidity significantly (p<0.0.5) varied among these varieties. Langra, collected from MUL showed the highest ash % with relatively lower pH and TSS. The results indicated a substantial build-up of macro (Na, K, Ca, P) and micro (Fe, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Pb) elements in the selected mango varieties. Mango varieties collected from MUL showed a higher concentration of these metals as compared to other regions which may be attributed to irrigation from industrial effluents and sewage water. This study concludes that the levels of heavy metals in tested Pakistani mango varieties are higher than the safe limits laid down by World Health Organization (WHO) and need regular monitoring both at the farm and the table. -
Changes in the Sensory Characteristics of Mango Cultivars During the Production of Mango Purée and Sorbet
DIFFERENCES IN SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS AMONG VARIOUS MANGO CULTIVARS IN THE FORM OF FRESH SLICED MANGO, MANGO PURÉE, AND MANGO SORBET by CHRISTIE N. LEDEKER B.S., University of Delaware, 2008 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Interdisciplinary Food Science Graduate Program Department of Human Nutrition KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2011 Approved by: Major Professor Dr. Delores H. Chambers Abstract Fresh mangoes are highly perishable, and therefore, they are often processed to extend shelf-life and facilitate exportation. Studying the transformation that mango cultivars undergo throughout processing can aid in selecting appropriate varieties for products. In the 1st part of this study, the flavor and texture properties of 4 mango cultivars available in the United States (U.S.) were analyzed. Highly trained descriptive panelists in the U.S. evaluated fresh, purée, and sorbet samples prepared from each cultivar. Purées were made by pulverizing mango flesh, passing it through a china cap, and heating it to 85 °C for 15 s. For the sorbets, purées were diluted with water (1:1), sucrose was added, and the bases were frozen in a batch ice cream freezer. Much of the texture variation among cultivars was lost after fresh samples were transformed into purées, whereas much of the flavor and texture variation among cultivars was lost once fresh mangoes and mango purées were transformed into sorbets. Compared to the other cultivars, Haden and Tommy Atkins underwent greater transformations in flavor throughout sorbet preparation, and processing reduced the intensities of some unpleasant flavors in these cultivars. -
Sensory Evaluation of Mango (Chaunsa) Pulp Preserved with Addition of Selected Chemical Preservatives and Antioxidant During
Sarhad J. Agric. Vol.27, No.3, 2011 SENSORY EVALUATION OF MANGO (CHAUNSA) PULP PRESERVED WITH ADDITION OF SELECTED CHEMICAL PRESERVATIVES AND ANTIOXIDANT DURING STORAGE YASSER DURRANI, ALAM ZEB, MUHAMMAD AYUB, WASEEF ULLAH and ALI MUHAMMAD Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University, Peshawar – Pakistan. ABSTRACT Mango pulp was preserved with the addition of potassium sorbate (PS), sodium benzoate (SB) and potassium metabisulphite (KMS) alone and PS in combination with SB and Citric Acid (CA). All the samples were stored at room temperature and were evaluated in sensory evaluation laboratory. It was noted that samples preserved with addition of KMS, PS in combination with KMS and PS in addition with CA retained their overall eatable quality for colour, flavour and odour during 45 and 60 days of storage. Key Words: Mango, pulp, Food preservatives, sensory evaluation Citation: Durrani, Y., A. Zeb, M. Ayub. W. Ullah and A. Muhammad. 2011. Sensory evaluation of mango (Chanunsa) pulp preserved with addition of selected chemical preservatives and antioxidant during storage. Sarhad J. Agric. 27(3): 471-475 INTRODUCTION Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is popular and economically important tropical fruit throughout the world, due to its excellent eating quality (bright colour, sweet taste and luscious flavour) and nutritional composition (vitamins, minerals, fiber and other phytochemical compounds). It is popularly known as ‘The King of Fruits’ (Gerbaud, 2008). According to Agriculture statistics of Pakistan (2008-09) total area under mango cultivation in Pakistan was 170.1 (0000 hectares) with 1727.9 (000 tones) of production. Substantial quantities of mangoes are wasted because of poor post-harvest management and lack of appropriate facilities in developing countries. -
Anti-Sap Chemicals Reduce Sapburn Injury and Improve Fruit Quality in Commercial Mango Cultivars of Pakistan
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY ISSN Print: 1560–8530; ISSN Online: 1814–9596 07-313/MFA/2008/10–1–1–8 http://www.fspublishers.org Full Length Article Anti-Sap Chemicals Reduce Sapburn Injury and Improve Fruit Quality in Commercial Mango Cultivars MEHDI MAQBOOL AND AMAN ULLAH MALIK1 Postharvest Lab., Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 1Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Sapburn injury of mango fruit is a serious problem as it reduces the cosmetic appeal and downgrade fruit. For the sapburn management in commercial cultivars (cvs) of Pakistan, physiologically mature fruits of cvs Sindhri and Chaunsa were harvested along with 4-5 cm pedicel. Immediately after de-stemming, fruits were treated with one of the potential chemical solutions: calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2], Tween-80, sodium carboximethyl cellulose (CMC), lauryl sulfate sodium (LS), detergents and vegetable oil. The fruits after treatments were air dried and packed in cardboard boxes, transported to the laboratory and stored (14°C & RH 85%) for 7 and 14 days in case of cv Sindhri and cv Chaunsa, respectively. Fruits de- stemmed under calcium hydroxide showed better results against sapburn injury followed by Tween-80 in both the cvs. In the follow-up study, the best chemicals in experiment 1 along with alum were tested on cv Chaunsa to confirm the results. This time fruits after treatments were subjected to two different storage conditions (25°C & RH 56% & 14°C & RH 85%). Data on sapburn injury recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h, showed almost similar pattern at both the temperatures. -
News Bulletin the Highest Category W4 YEAR in REVIEW EDITION December 2019 -- R
The University of Faisalabad Empowering the youth for a Prosperous Pakistan Volume: 15 Issue: 1 Categorized by HEC in News Bulletin the highest category W4 YEAR IN REVIEW EDITION December 2019 -- R. Sani 1441 AL-QURAN Saying of the In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) ‘‘These are the verses of the Book of Wisdom; A guidance and mercy for the benevolents; They are those who establish Salaat ‘God, His angels and all those in Heavens and on Earth, even (Muslim Prayer) and pay the Zakat (the compulsory poor due) ants in their hills and fish in the water, call down blessings on and have firm faith in the hereafter. They are on the guidance those who instruct others in beneficial knowledge.’ from their Rubb (Sustainer) and they shall prosper. “ (31:02-05) (Tirmidhi, Hadith 422) “You must concentrate on gaining knowledge and education. It is your foremost responsibility. Political awareness of the era is VISION OF THE FOUNDER CHAIRMAN also part of your education. You must be aware of international HAJI MUHAMMAD SALEEM events and environment. Education is a matter of life and death for our country.” - Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Rehmat-Ullah Alaih) Industry Service Education TUF signs MoU with University of Health Sciences The University of Faisalabad signed H.E Chaudhry Mohammad Sarwar UHS signed the agreement in the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) Governor of the Punjab/Patron of presence of H.E Chaudhry Mohammad with University of Health Sciences (UHS) the University was the chief guest of Sarwar, Mian Muhammad Hanif (SI), Lahore. -
The Use of Biotechnology in Sindh, Pakistan Farzana Panhwar
The use of biotechnology in Sindh, Pakistan Farzana Panhwar The use of biotechnology in Sindh, Pakistan to improve Agriculture, its growth and bring Sustainable Development in the country. by Farzana Panhwar Abstract. Sindh has Sub-tropical climate , which is extremely suitable for large number of crops, but the farmers of Sindh are illiterate and they raise crops just by copying each other and do not take a risk with their investment. Due to this practice the local market is full with conventional fruits and vegetable raised here namely : mangoes, guava, grapefruit, lemon, lime, sapodilla, cherimoya, dates, lychee, papaya, melons and zizyphus mauritania. The net result is a few varieties of each fruit growing over short season and a glut of one or another fruit crops, throughout the year, and consequently low prices. Due to mono-culture all diseases, infection , and viral attacks are frequent, due to cover large area under same crop, and its control become difficult. The solution lies in diversification of crops, with extension of harvest season and new cultivars, especially evolved by breeding , tissue culture , genetic engineering and bio-technology. These would be extremely beneficial, to bring sustainability locally and globally. Agriculture is the backbone of our economy as well as of our foreign trade. To strengthen the economy of Pakistan, one should first of all take necessary steps to reform the agricultural system of the country. This can only be done by educating the farmers in the latest method of cultivation ,new developments in agricultural inputs and day to day changes in Agricultural Research arena. If we improve the agricultural sector in Sindh, and improve its economic growth and conditions, this alone can bring the sustainability locally and globally. -
12.2% 119,000 135M Top 1% 154 4,600
We are IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 4,600 119,000 135M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors are among the 154 TOP 1% 12.2% Countries delivered to most cited scientists Contributors from top 500 universities Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI) Interested in publishing with us? Contact [email protected] Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com Chapter Mango Diseases: Impact of Fungicides Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli Abstract Mango, Mangifera indica L., is known to be the king of all fruits due to its delicious taste, marvelous fragrance, and beautiful appearance. However, several infectious diseases caused by many phytopathogens are deteriorating mango quality and quantity. Mango tree and fruit have been affected by about 83 diseases reported worldwide, and in Pakistan, 27 diseases are recognized as more important. Disease control always remains a challenge for the farmers to get optimum production especially due to pesticide resistance. Resistance to fungicide in current days is a major threat to plant disease management. In many cases, plant pathogen resistance could develop naturally; thus, several newly developed chemistries of fungicides remain at high risk. However, research toward an increase of resistance and delay in disease development has been undertaken. Existing fungicide chemistry, some- times, renamed with new trade name does not satisfy the farmer to apply such fungicides for disease management. However, chemical fungicides are believed to be a significant way to control fungal pathogens or sometimes to inhibit and prevent the development of pathogens. -
Physico-Chemical and Sensory Profiling of Promising Mango Cultivars Grown in Peri-Urban Areas of Multan, Pakistan
Pak. J. Bot., 46(1): 191-198, 2014. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY PROFILING OF PROMISING MANGO CULTIVARS GROWN IN PERI-URBAN AREAS OF MULTAN, PAKISTAN SAFINA NAZ1, MUHAMMAD AKBAR ANJUM1, SOBIA CHOHAN2, SAEED AKHTAR3 AND BUSHRA SIDDIQUE4 1Department of Horticultural; 2Department of Plant Pathology; 3Department of Food Science and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan; 4Department of Entomology, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan Correspondence author e-mail: [email protected] Abstract In the present scenario, Pakistani mango is facing serious apprehension about production decline and export, consequently present study was planned to categorize the paramount mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivar in relation to its physical, chemical and sensorial attributes. Physiologically fully mature fruits of eight mango cultivars were picked and subjected for physical and proximate analysis. Among the eight cultivars, Fajri produced the maximum green and ripe fruit weight, fruit length and perimeter and physiological weight loss (453.0g, 403.0g, 13.80 cm, 21.57cm and 10.97%), respectively. The higher softness values were noticed in Aman Dusahri. The mark variations were observed among all the cultivars for proximate composition. There is an increase in pH values (5.47, 5.40 and 5.33) among Samar Bahisht Chaunsa, Aman Dusahri and Anwar Ratual, respectively with a progressive decrease in ascorbic acid and titrable acidity during ripening period. Likewise, maximum moisture and ash contents were observed in the mango pulp of Fajri and Sindhri (92.20% and 0.78%, respectively). Whereas appreciably higher total sugar contents were observed in pulp of Langra, Samar Bahisht Chaunsa and Anwar Ratual (20.67%, 20.43% and 20.33%, respectively.