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AIO Papers 1 Notes on Inscriptions of the Marathonian Tetrapolis ________________________________________________________________________ Notes on Inscriptions of the Marathonian Tetrapolis S. D. Lambert AIO Papers no. 1 February 2014 Revised: July 2014 Links added: May 2016 AIO Papers Published by Attic Inscriptions Online, 97 Elm Road, Evesham, Worcestershire, WR11 3DR, United Kingdom. Editor: Dr. S. D. Lambert AIO Advisory Board: Professor P. J. Rhodes (Durham) Mr. S. G. Byrne (Melbourne, Australia) Dr. P. Liddel (Manchester) © Attic Inscriptions Online 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Attic Inscriptions Online, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographic rights organisation. Enquiries concerning reproduction should be sent to Dr. S. D. Lambert at the above address or via the contact given at www.atticinscriptions.com. ISSN 2054-6769 (Print) ISSN 2054-6777 (Online) Preface As this is the inaugural publication of AIO Papers, readers may welcome a word of explanation as to the purpose of the series. The primary objective of Attic Inscriptions Online is to make available English translations of Attic inscriptions, based on the most accurate and up-to-date Greek texts. The authoritative publications of the Greek texts are Inscriptiones Graecae vol. I (before 403 BC) and vol. II (403 BC - AD 267), new editions of which appear at infrequent intervals. When an inscription is included in a recently published volume of IG, such as the third edition of IG II (IG II3), the first fascicules of which appeared in 2012, identifying “the most accurate and up-to-date” Greek text can be quite straightforward. In other cases, however, there can more of an issue. It can often be addressed by including one or more references to the review of epigraphical scholarship which is published every year in the Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum (SEG). However, a simple reference to IG, SEG, or occasionally to another publication, is not always sufficient. SEG, for example, records textual proposals with a degree of indiscrimination which may mislead the inexperienced user. In the process of reviewing the textual literature while preparing a translation for AIO translators may see potential for textual improvements which require explanation and justification. The first purpose of AIO Papers, therefore, is to supply a forum in which the texts underlying the translations published in AIO may be clarified. Second, it is part of AIO’s purpose to communicate Attic inscriptions to students and researchers who may lack the background knowledge, of the languages, culture and institutions of the Greek world in general, and of Athens and Attica in particular, that is needed to understand a translated inscription in its raw state. AIO Papers will publish essays intended to equip the user of AIO with such background knowledge. One such paper is currently in preparation: a companion to the translations of the inscribed Athenian laws and decrees of 352/1-322/1 BC, texts of which were published in IG II3 1, fascicule 2. AIO Papers will also publish other papers consistent with the objectives of AIO. This includes translations of important articles written by scholars in languages other than English but which, in the editor’s opinion, deserve a wider circulation among an Anglophone readership. AIO Papers no. 2 and 3, translations of two papers originally published in Italian by Enrica Culasso Gastaldi, fall into this category. i NOTES ON INSCRIPTIONS OF THE MARATHONIAN TETRAPOLIS1 S. D. Lambert The preparation of English translations for Attic Inscriptions Online supplies an occasion to review recent work impacting on the texts of the inscriptions of the Marathonian Tetrapolis, and to make a few fresh observations. In 2000 I published a new edition of the most important Tetrapolis inscription, the fourth-century sacrificial calendar (no. 2 below), together with some remarks on a fragmentary fifth-century list of sacrifices and perquisites, which also perhaps originated in the Tetrapolis region (no. 1 below).2 Since then there has been a continuous flow of relevant publications. Particularly notable among studies of the fourth-century calendar are Ekroth 2002, 150-169, pointing out the prevalence of heroes in the calendar, and Humphreys 2004, 165-177, a thoughtful if not wholly convincing treatment of the calendar as a whole. Works on broader topics have also contained valuable observations on the Tetrapolis inscriptions. These include Parker 2005, on the inscriptions as evidence for Attic cults and festivals; Ismard 2010, 239-251 and 435-441, on the topography of the fourth-century calendar, with useful map, p. 441, and on the Tetrapolis as case-study of the characteristically complex and multi-faceted Attic system of associative networks; McInerney 2010, on cattle in the fourth- century calendar; and Papazarkadas 2011, on the inscriptions in the context of a study of Attic sacred and public land. My 2000 article was primarily textual in focus, and a full, up- to-date, historical study of the fourth-century calendar is still needed. In the meantime, in January 2014 I gave a paper on the financial aspects of the calendar at a conference at Utrecht University on “Feasting and Polis Institutions”; and I hope to address some of the religious aspects shortly elsewhere. 1. Sacrificial Calendar with Perquisites. Ca. 430 BC. IG I3 255. Sokolowski, LSCG 11. This fragmentary inscription contains details of sacrifices on one side, probably in calendrical order, and a list of priestly perquisites on the other. Though found in Chalkis, it appears to originate in the region of the Marathonian Tetrapolis. See my remarks at ZPE 130 (2000), 71-75 (SEG 50.54, cf. 52.817bis). The IG text at ll. 10-11 is: 1 I am grateful to Peter Liddel for valuable comments on a draft. I use the following abbreviations: Ekroth 2002: G. Ekroth, The Sacrificial Rituals of Greek Hero-Cults, Kernos Suppl. 12 (Liège). Humphreys 2004: S. C. Humphreys, The Strangeness of Gods (Oxford). Ismard 2010: P. Ismard, La cité des résaux. Athènes et ses associations VIe - Ier siècle av. J.-C. (Paris). Kearns 1989: E. Kearns, The Heroes of Attica (BICS Supplement 57, London). Lambert 2002: S. D. Lambert, “The Sacrificial Calendar of Athens”, ABSA 97 (2002), 353-399. Liddel 2003: “The Places of Publication of Athenian State Decrees from the 5th century BC to the 3rd Century AD”, ZPE 143 (2003), 79-93. McInerney 2010: J. McInerney, The Cattle of the Sun. Cows and Culture in the World of the Ancient Greeks (Princeton). Papazarkadas 2011: N. Papazarkadas, Sacred and Public Land in Ancient Athens (Oxford). Parker 1996: R. Parker, Athenian Religion. A History (Oxford). Parker 2005: R. Parker, Polytheism and Society at Athens (Oxford). 2 “The Sacrificial Calendar of the Marathonian Tetrapolis: a Revised Text”, ZPE 130 (2000), 43-70; “Two Notes on Attic Leges Sacrae”, 71-80 (“1. IG I3 255 and Marathon” at 71-75). 1 [. .]οι Ποσιδέοις τ- - - - - - - - - [Διὶ] Τροπαίοι ἐν Κυνο[σούραι . “. at the Posidea . for [Zeus] Tropaios on Kynosoura . .” In 2000 I made a case for rejecting this and proposed instead: [. .]. οι Ποσιδέοις τ[- - - - - Ἀπόλλονι] [Ἀπο]τροπαίοι ἐν Κυνο[σούραι . “. at the Posidea . for [Apollo] [Apo]tropaios on Kynosoura . .” Kynosoura in this case will be the promontory at the northern end of Marathon bay; compare the offering to [Apollo] Apotropaios, perhaps on Kynosoura, at A1, 26, cf. A1, 18, of the fourth-century calendar, no. 2 below.3 As I noted, 72 n. 10, the closest Attic parallel to a coastal location of cult of Apollo Apotropaios would seem to be IG II2 5009, an altar of Apollo Apotropaios from the caves (the “Serangeion”) close to the shore in Piraeus (cf. R. Garland, The Piraeus (1987), 159). N. Robertson, “Athenian shrines of Aphrodite, and the early development of the city”, in E. Greco ed., Teseo e Romolo. Le origini di Atene e Roma a confronto: Atti del Covengo Internazionale di Studi: Scuola Archeologica Italiana di Atene, 2003 (Athens, 2005), 43-112, at 100-101 (SEG 55.57) prefers by which he understands, “To Poseidon to whom suppliant rites are addressed”. προστροπαίος is attested in this sense in literary sources, as for example Antiphon 4.1.4: τῷ μὲν ἀποθανόντι οὐ τιμωροῦντες δεινοὺς ἀλιτηρίους ἕξομεν τοὺς τῶν ἀποθανόντων προστροπαίους (“failing to punish the dead man, we will have terrible avengers in those powers to whom the dead turn for support”).4 However, the adjective apparently occurs nowhere in Greek, let alone Attic, epigraphy. More importantly it seems never to occur as a descriptor or epithet of Poseidon, or any other named deity. Robertson’s suggestion should be rejected. Since it was missed by SEG I draw attention to the reading from the stone which I noted, among other minor new readings, at 71 n. 2, δει]πνιστερίο φορ- (νιστερ[.]οφορ- IG), in the list of perquisites at B4. In 2000 I dotted the pi and iota, but as will be clear from my description of the traces, the readings would seem to be certain. This confirms Sokolowski’s reading at this point, against IG’s (understandable) doubts. It is a pity further context is lacking, since these lines might have cast some light onto the obscure topic of post- sacrificial dining.5 3 See now also Stroud’s remark at SEG 55.14. 4 The other references in LSJ s.v. προστρόπαιος ΙΙ are of a similar character. 5 Cf. Parker 2005, 66-67. 2 2. The Sacrificial Calendar of the Marathonian Tetrapolis. Ca. 375-350 BC? IG II2 1358; Sokolowski, LSCG 20; SEG 50.168. SEG 50.168 is the primary reference text, based on my new edition at ZPE 130 (2000) 43- 70, and taking account of S.
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