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The Gurudharmas in Buddhist Nunneries of Mainland China
BSRV 31.2 (2014) 241–272 Buddhist Studies Review ISSN (print) 0256-2897 doi: 10.1558/bsrv.v31i2.241 Buddhist Studies Review ISSN (online) 1747-9681 The Gurudharmas in Buddhist Nunneries of Mainland China TZU-LUNG CHIU AND ANN HEIRMAN DEPARTMENT OF CHINESE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE, FACULTY OF ARTS AND PHILOSOPHY, GHENT UNIVERSITY [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT According to tradition, when the Buddha’s aunt and stepmother Mahāprajāpatī was allowed to join the Buddhist monastic com- munity, she accepted eight ‘fundamental rules’ (gurudharmas) that made the nuns’ order dependent upon the monks’ order. This story has given rise to much debate, in the past as well as in the present, and this is no less the case in Mainland China, where nunneries have started to re-emerge in recent decades. This article first presents new insight into Mainland Chinese monastic practitioners’ common perspectives and voices regarding the gurudharmas, which are rarely touched upon in scholarly work. Next, each of the rules is discussed in detail, allowing us to analyse various issues, until now under- studied, regarding the applicability of the gurudharmas in Mainland Chinese contexts. This research thus provides a detailed overview of nuns’ perceptions of how traditional vinaya rules and procedures can be applied in contemporary Mainland Chinese monastic com- munities based on a cross-regional empirical study. Keywords Mainland Chinese nuns, gurudharma, vinaya, gender Introduction The accounts on the founding of the Buddhist order of nuns (bhikṣuṇīsaṅgha) explain in detail how, around two and a half millennia ago, the bhikṣuṇīsaṅgha was established when the Buddha allowed women to join the Buddhist monastic community. -
RET HS No. 1:RET Hors Série No. 1
Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines Table des Matières récapitulative des nos. 1-15 Hors-série numéro 01 — Août 2009 Table des Matières récapitulative des numéros 1-15 Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines Hors-série no. 1 — Août 2009 ISSN 1768-2959 Directeur : Jean-Luc Achard Comité de rédaction : Anne Chayet, Pierre Arènes, Jean-Luc Achard. Comité de lecture : Pierre Arènes (CNRS), Ester Bianchi (Dipartimento di Studi sull’Asia Orientale, Venezia), Anne Chayet (CNRS), Fabienne Jagou (EFEO), Rob Mayer (Oriental Institute, University of Oxford), Fernand Meyer (CNRS-EPHE), Fran- çoise Pommaret (CNRS), Ramon Prats (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona), Brigitte Steinman (Université de Lille) Jean-Luc Achard (CNRS). Périodicité La périodicité de la Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines est généralement bi-annuelle, les mois de parution étant, sauf indication contraire, Octobre et Avril. Les contributions doivent parvenir au moins deux (2) mois à l’avance. Les dates de proposition d’articles au co- mité de lecture sont Février pour une parution en Avril et Août pour une parution en Octobre. Participation La participation est ouverte aux membres statutaires des équipes CNRS, à leurs mem- bres associés, aux doctorants et aux chercheurs non-affiliés. Les articles et autres contributions sont proposées aux membres du comité de lec ture et sont soumis à l’approbation des membres du comité de rédaction. Les arti cles et autres contributions doivent être inédits ou leur ré-édition doit être justifiée et soumise à l’approbation des membres du comité de lecture. Les documents doivent parvenir sous la forme de fichiers Word (.doc exclusive- ment avec fontes unicodes), envoyés à l’adresse du directeur ([email protected]). -
Inscriptional Records of the Western Zhou
INSCRIPTIONAL RECORDS OF THE WESTERN ZHOU Robert Eno Fall 2012 Note to Readers The translations in these pages cannot be considered scholarly. They were originally prepared in early 1988, under stringent time pressures, specifically for teaching use that term. Although I modified them sporadically between that time and 2012, my final year of teaching, their purpose as course materials, used in a week-long classroom exercise for undergraduate students in an early China history survey, did not warrant the type of robust academic apparatus that a scholarly edition would have required. Since no broad anthology of translations of bronze inscriptions was generally available, I have, since the late 1990s, made updated versions of this resource available online for use by teachers and students generally. As freely available materials, they may still be of use. However, as specialists have been aware all along, there are many imperfections in these translations, and I want to make sure that readers are aware that there is now a scholarly alternative, published last month: A Source Book of Ancient Chinese Bronze Inscriptions, edited by Constance Cook and Paul Goldin (Berkeley: Society for the Study of Early China, 2016). The “Source Book” includes translations of over one hundred inscriptions, prepared by ten contributors. I have chosen not to revise the materials here in light of this new resource, even in the case of a few items in the “Source Book” that were contributed by me, because a piecemeal revision seemed unhelpful, and I am now too distant from research on Western Zhou bronzes to undertake a more extensive one. -
Places of Interest in Chengdu
Places of Interest in Chengdu Here is a brief list of interesting places in Chengdu. You can visit them conveniently by taking a taxi and showing their Chinese name to the driver. All places are also connected by metro and bus routes for you to explore. 1. 熊熊熊+++úúú000 (Xiong Mao Ji Di) Panda Base Cute pandas and beautiful environment. The house at the end has baby pandas. 2. 金金金沙沙沙WWW@@@ (Jin Sha Yi Zhi) Jinsha Site Museum Archaeological site of ancient Shu civilization (∼1000BC), where the gold ornament with sun bird is found. 3. 888uuu (Yong Ling) Yong Royal Tomb Tomb of Wang Jian who founded the kingdom of Former Shu (∼900AD). Inside there is a sculpture of the king and carvings of musicians with high artistic value. 4. \\\+++III堂堂堂 (Du Fu Cao Tang) Du Fu Thatched Cottage Residence of Du Fu, a famous poet who lived in Tang dynasty (∼700AD). Most buildings are rebuilt after Ming dynasty (∼1500AD). The Sichuan Provincial Museum is also nearby. 5. fff¯¯¯``` (Wu Hou Ci) Wu Hou Shrine Shrine of Zhuge Liang, a famous prime minister of the kingdom of Shu (∼200AD). Most buildings are rebuilt after Qing dynasty (∼1600AD). The tomb of Liu Bei who founded the kingdom of Shu is at the same site. The Jinli Folk Street is also nearby. 6. RRR羊羊羊««« (Qing Yang Gong) Green Goat Temple Taoist temple established in Tang dynasty (∼700AD). Most buildings are rebuilt after Qing dynasty (∼1600AD). Inside there is a bronze goat which is said to bring good fortune. Its restaurant serves vegetarian food (following Taoist standards). -
Chinese Architecture China Has Maintained the Highest Degree of Cultural Continuity Across Its 4000 Years of Existence
Chinese Architecture China has maintained the highest degree of cultural continuity across its 4000 years of existence. Its architectural traditions were very stable until the 19th c. China’s strong central authority is reflected in the Great Wall and standard dimensions for construction. Since the Tang Dynasty (7th-10th c.), Chinese architecture has had a major influence on the architectural styles of Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. Neolithic Houses at Banpo, ca 2000 BCE These dwellings used readily available materials—wood, thatch, and earth— to provide shelter. A central hearth is also part of many houses. The rectangular houses were sunk a half story into the ground. The Great Wall of China, 221 BCE-1368 CE. 19-39’ in height and 16’ wide. Almost 4000 miles long. Begun in pieces by feudal lords, unified by the first Qin emperor and largely rebuilt and extended during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 CE) Originally the great wall was made with rammed earth but during the Ming Dynasty its height was raised and it was cased with bricks or stones. https://youtu.be/o9rSlYxJIIE 1;05 Deified Lao Tzu. 8th - 11th c. Taoism or Daoism is a Chinese mystical philosophy traditionally founded by Lao-tzu in the sixth century BCE. It seeks harmony of human action and the world through study of nature. It tends to emphasize effortless Garden of the Master of the action, "naturalness", simplicity Fishing Nets in Suzhou, 1140. and spontaneity. Renovated in 1785 Life is a series of natural and spontaneous changes. Don’t resist them – that only creates sorrow. -
Copyrighted Material
INDEX Aodayixike Qingzhensi Baisha, 683–684 Abacus Museum (Linhai), (Ordaisnki Mosque; Baishui Tai (White Water 507 Kashgar), 334 Terraces), 692–693 Abakh Hoja Mosque (Xiang- Aolinpike Gongyuan (Olym- Baita (Chowan), 775 fei Mu; Kashgar), 333 pic Park; Beijing), 133–134 Bai Ta (White Dagoba) Abercrombie & Kent, 70 Apricot Altar (Xing Tan; Beijing, 134 Academic Travel Abroad, 67 Qufu), 380 Yangzhou, 414 Access America, 51 Aqua Spirit (Hong Kong), 601 Baiyang Gou (White Poplar Accommodations, 75–77 Arch Angel Antiques (Hong Gully), 325 best, 10–11 Kong), 596 Baiyun Guan (White Cloud Acrobatics Architecture, 27–29 Temple; Beijing), 132 Beijing, 144–145 Area and country codes, 806 Bama, 10, 632–638 Guilin, 622 The arts, 25–27 Bama Chang Shou Bo Wu Shanghai, 478 ATMs (automated teller Guan (Longevity Museum), Adventure and Wellness machines), 60, 74 634 Trips, 68 Bamboo Museum and Adventure Center, 70 Gardens (Anji), 491 AIDS, 63 ack Lakes, The (Shicha Hai; Bamboo Temple (Qiongzhu Air pollution, 31 B Beijing), 91 Si; Kunming), 658 Air travel, 51–54 accommodations, 106–108 Bangchui Dao (Dalian), 190 Aitiga’er Qingzhen Si (Idkah bars, 147 Banpo Bowuguan (Banpo Mosque; Kashgar), 333 restaurants, 117–120 Neolithic Village; Xi’an), Ali (Shiquan He), 331 walking tour, 137–140 279 Alien Travel Permit (ATP), 780 Ba Da Guan (Eight Passes; Baoding Shan (Dazu), 727, Altitude sickness, 63, 761 Qingdao), 389 728 Amchog (A’muquhu), 297 Bagua Ting (Pavilion of the Baofeng Hu (Baofeng Lake), American Express, emergency Eight Trigrams; Chengdu), 754 check -
True Model of a Natural Chan Practitioner
NCOUNTERS with Master E Ⅹ Sheng Yen Encounters with Master Sheng Yen Ⅹ Pocket Guides to Buddhist Wisdom E-26 Publisher: Dharma Drum Mountain Culture and Educational Foundation 5F., No. 186, Gongguan Rd., Beitou District Taipei City 112-44, Taiwan Tel: 886-2-2893-4646 Fax: 886-2-2896-0731 www.ddm.org.tw Speakers: Du Zhengmin, Ding Min, Shan Te-hsing Editorial & Production: Cultural Center, Dharma Drum Mountain Revision: International Translation Office ISBN: 978-986-96684-4-6 1st Edition: March 2019 Preface o share with the public the thoughts and life experiences Tof Dharma Drum Mountain founder Master Sheng Yen (also known as Shifu, meaning “Master”), the Sheng Yen Education Foundation embarked on a series of talks beginning in September of 2009. Fifty-two talks were given at the Sheng Yen Lecture Hall (located in the official residence where Master Sheng Yen lived in his final years). The talks were titled A Living Example, Countless Teachings— Encounters with Master Sheng Yen and we invited all his monastic and lay disciples to share with us their stories about Shifu, how he taught them through his living example and words. Listening to these speakers’ personal accounts of the interactions between teacher and student allowed the audience to commemorate Master Sheng Yen’s journey, and once again hear his gracious teachings. The talks include stories of Master Sheng Yen’s everyday life, how he would give detailed guidance to his disciples regarding their speech and actions. There are also accounts of his travels to share the Buddhadharma locally and overseas, reaching out to the public, and teaching them skillfully and flexibly based on the existing circumstances. -
The Spreading of Christianity and the Introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949)
Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Programa de doctorado en Concervación y Restauración del Patrimonio Architectónico The Spreading of Christianity and the introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949) Christian churches and traditional Chinese architecture Author: Shan HUANG (Architect) Director: Antonio LOPERA (Doctor, Arquitecto) 2014 Tribunal nombrado por el Magfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día de de 20 . Presidente: Vocal: Vocal: Vocal: Secretario: Suplente: Suplente: Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día de de 20 en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid. Calificación:………………………………. El PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO Index Index Abstract Resumen Introduction General Background........................................................................................... 1 A) Definition of the Concepts ................................................................ 3 B) Research Background........................................................................ 4 C) Significance and Objects of the Study .......................................... 6 D) Research Methodology ...................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Chinese traditional architecture 1.1 The concept of traditional Chinese architecture ......................... 13 1.2 Main characteristics of the traditional Chinese architecture .... 14 1.2.1 Wood was used as the main construction materials ........ 14 1.2.2 -
Introduction
Introduction The Fozu tongji 佛祖統紀 (T 2035, Comprehensive History of the Buddhist Patriarchs) is a massive work of Buddhist historiography composed by the Southern Song monk Zhipan 志磐 (ca. 1220–1275). The present translation project, which is intended to have three volumes, refers to a part of the Fozu tongji entitled “Fayun tongsai zhi” 法運通塞志 (Monograph on Success and Obstructions in the Spread of the Dharma). The “Fayun tongsai zhi,” covering Fozu tongji, juan 34–48, is an annalistic chronicle of Buddhism in China. It goes through Chinese history dynasty by dynasty, ruler by ruler, and year by year, list- ing events following the chronological order. With the present project I intend to offer a complete translation of the “Fayun tongsai zhi.” In the present vol- ume, I translate the first five juan (i.e. Fozu tongji, juan 34–38), which contain the annals referring to the history of Buddhism in China from the time of the birth of the Buddha in the 26th year of King Zhao of Zhou 周昭王 to the end of the Nanbeichao period. In the second volume I will translate the next four juan of the “Fayun tongsai zhi” (i.e. Fozu tongji, juan 39–42), which have previously been translated by Jan Yün-hua,1 and refer to the history of Buddhism from the Sui dynasty to the end of the Wudai period. In the third volume I will translate the remaining six juan of the “Fayun tongsai zhi” (i.e. Fozu tongji, juan 43–48), which refer to the history of Buddhism in the Song dynasty up to the year 1236, the third year of the duanping 端平 era of the Southern Song emperor Lizong 理宗. -
LU?N ÁN TI?N SI TAN NGOC HO 2009 BOOK.Indd
BEGINNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF BUDDHIST EDUCATION IN VIETNAM BY TAN NGOC HO UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST APRIL 2009 2020 CONTENTS Abstract 11 Acknowledgement 15 Chapter One INTRODUCTION 1.1. Rationale for Study 19 1.2. The Basic Hypothesis 20 1.3. Methodology of Research 21 1.4. Plan of Research 22 1.5. Presentation of results 26 Chapter Two CONTEXTUAL BACKGROUND A. C A E O V B T A O B: T R O V C 2.1. Geography and Early Migrations 27 2.2. Early Historical Dynasties 31 2.3. ntertwined History of Vietnam and China at the Beginning of Vietnamese Cultural Development 33 B. H B C T B I T V 2.4. Sources of Information 35 2.5. ntroduction of Buddhism to Vietnam by Asoka from India: Confl icting Theories and Tentative Conclusion 38 2.6. The Role of Buddhism in the Liberation of Vietnam 44 2.7. Buddhism and Its Two Golden Ages 49 2.8. Buddhism Spreads to the South 52 2.9. Assimilation and diff erentiation 55 BEGINNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF BUDDHIST EDUCATION IN VIETNAM 2.10. Historic Autonomy of the Pagoda 58 2.11. Verifi cation of Contextual Background 60 2.12 Conclusions on Contextual Background 69 Chapter Three BEGINNING OF BUDDHIST EDUCATION IN VIETNAM 3.1. Lack of Information 73 3.2. Impact of Chinese Tradition on Vietnamese Buddhism 73 3.3. Vietnam as Melting Pot of Indian and Chinese Cultures 75 Chapter Four DEVELOPMENT OF BUDDHIST EDUCATION IN VIETNAM 4.1. Buddhism: Origin and Teachings 79 4.2. Early Trends in Vietnamese Education 91 4.3. -
Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women
University of San Diego Digital USD Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship Department of Theology and Religious Studies 2019 Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women Karma Lekshe Tsomo PhD University of San Diego, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/thrs-faculty Part of the Buddhist Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Digital USD Citation Tsomo, Karma Lekshe PhD, "Out of the Shadows: Socially Engaged Buddhist Women" (2019). Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship. 25. https://digital.sandiego.edu/thrs-faculty/25 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at Digital USD. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Digital USD. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Section Titles Placed Here | I Out of the Shadows Socially Engaged Buddhist Women Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo SAKYADHITA | HONOLULU First Edition: Sri Satguru Publications 2006 Second Edition: Sakyadhita 2019 Copyright © 2019 Karma Lekshe Tsomo All rights reserved No part of this book may not be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage or retreival system, without the prior written permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations. Cover design Copyright © 2006 Allen Wynar Sakyadhita Conference Poster -
China in Deutschen Und Deutschland in Chinesischen Reiseberichten Vom Opiumkrieg Bis Zum Ersten Weltkrieg
Wahrnehmung des Fremden: China in deutschen und Deutschland in chinesischen Reiseberichten Vom Opiumkrieg bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität zu Freiburg/Brsg. vorgelegt von Liu Jing aus Qinglong V. R. China WS 2000 / 2001 Gutacher: Herr Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Reinhard Gutacher: Herr Prof. Dr. Bernd Martin Tag der Prüfung: 12.07.2001 Danksagung Die Arbeit, die im Wintersemester 2000/01 von der Philosophischen Fakultät der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität zu Freiburg i. Br. als Dissertation angenommen wurde, haben Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Reinhard und Prof. Dr. Bernd Martin betreut. Ihnen bin ich zu bleibendem Dank verpflichtet. Ich möchte an dieser Stelle Prof. Leatitia Böhm und PD Dr. Helmut Zedelmaier, die mich ursprünglich ermutigt, meine Aufmerksamkeit der Geschichte der deutsch-chinesischen Beziehungen zuzuwenden, den wärmsten Dank sagen. Für die Förderung der Allgemeinen Stiftung Freiburg und hier besonders des Stiftungsdirektors Lothar Böhler, Prof. Dr. Hellgard Rauh und Edith Wäger sei für ihre finanziellen Unterstützungen gedankt, was mir die Möglichkeit gab, ohne materielle Sorgen die Arbeit fertigzustellen und zu publizieren. Ein besonderes Wort des Dankes gilt einigen Freunden, Ursula Seidler, Günter Sokol, Sabine Schmidt und Margit Florl-Mahmoudi, die mir beim Korrekturlesen geholfen haben. Mein innigster Dank gilt jedoch meinem verstorbenen Bruder, ohne dessen Anteilnahme und Unterstützung, insbesondere bei der Beschaffung von chinesischem Material, ich meine Arbeit nicht hätte abschließen können. Freiburg, Oktober 2003 Liu Jing II Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Fragestellung und Methode 2 2. Deutschland und China: Ein historischer Überblick 14 2.1. Von den ersten Kontakten bis zum Zeitalter des Kolonialismus: Deutschland und seine Beziehung zu China 14 2.1.1.