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Flora Antártica boletín antártico chileno | vol.36 | nº2 | 2017 Especial Flora p.16Antártica Fernando Milagros en Antártica Exitoso IX Congreso Latinoamericano de Ciencia Antártica Estudian riesgos por deficiencia de vitamina D en Patagonia y Antártica — Entrevista a nuevo director de issn 0716-0763 INACH, Dr. Marcelo Leppe bach | editorial Editorial Dr. Marcelo Leppe Director Nacional Instituto Antártico Chileno a en el siglo IV a. C., Aristóteles imaginó un con- Nuestro conocimiento actual de la flora antártica refleja la tinente austral, en busca de un contrapeso con los pugna incesante entre un entorno que todo lo doblega y la continentes del Arktikos, este último ubicado bajo infranqueable voluntad de investigadores por aportar con las constelaciones de las Osas Mayor y Menor. una respuesta al océano de preguntas científicas que la bo- Bautizó a ese continente Antarktikos, usando el tánica antártica aún atesora. Chile ha destacado desde hace prefijo An- como lo opuesto al Arktikos. En el 43 décadas en el concierto nacional e internacional, gracias al d. C., el geógrafo latino Pomponio Mela estimó incesante trabajo de pioneros como Jorge Redón y Wanda la existencia de un continente en el sur, Antipodi, Quilhot (flora criptogámica), Juan Garbarino (fitoquímica), Y habitado por los antictoni. Un siglo más tarde, Pto- Luis Corcuera y Miren Alberdi (fisiología vegetal), Teresa lomeo sentenció desde Alejandría que este continente austral Torres (paleobotánica), Sylvia Palma-Heldt (paleobotánica) efectivamente existía y le denominó Terra Australis Incognita, y muchos más que han dejado sólidas escuelas que hoy mues- que describió como una tierra cercenada del resto del mundo tran sus frutos en el Programa Nacional de Ciencia Antártica por el fuego y rodeada por terribles engendros. y en este volumen especial del BACh. Más de mil años después, presuntas exploraciones de Piri Hoy la botánica antártica nacional busca comprender la natu- Reis, almirante otomano, y Zheng He, épico navegante chi- raleza de la compleja distribución de la flora, su historia natu- no, habrían devenido en mapas y cartas con una temprana ral, el mecanismo de sus procesos, su susceptibilidad al mundo presencia de un verde continente austral. cambiante y las claves de su biología que pueden solucionar problemas prácticos de los tiempos modernos. Incursiones de Dirick Gherritz (1599) y la seguidilla de expe- diciones de Cook (1773), Smith (1819), Bellingshausen (1820), No es cliché cuando afirmamos que en Antártica están los MacFarlane (1820), Weddell (1823), Dumont d’Urville (1838), fósiles que explican la génesis de los bosques templados y las entre muchas otras, inauguran la época heroica de la explo- potenciales curas para enfermedades del siglo XXI. ración antártica. Muchas veces colaboré con el BACh como investigador. Es- Si bien todas estas expediciones tuvieron un enorme impac- toy convencido de la necesidad de una divulgación científica to en el desarrollo de la exploración polar y en el diseño de que, sin sacrificar la calidad de su información, se acerque ami- nuevas tecnologías para su estudio, no fue hasta la expedición gablemente al lector común. Por ello, para mí es un honor de James Clark Ross (1839-1843) que se logró penetrar el pack contribuir en esta tarea ahora desde mi rol de director del ice y junto con describir nueva toponimia para estas tierras INACH. El BACh llega a los 37 años de existencia con un inexploradas, produjo una inmensa colección geológica, pa- renovado diseño y un nuevo enfoque de sus contenidos, que leontológica, zoológica y botánica. No por casualidad Ross esperamos sea de su disfrute y provecho. contaba entre su tripulación con uno de los más connotados botánicos de la historia: Joseph Dalton Hooker, un veintea- ñero naturalista que plasmó en una serie de libros entre 1844 y 1845 su inmenso aporte al conocimiento de la flora vascular y criptogámica antártica (Flora Antarctica: the botany of the Antarctic voyage, 1844; The cryptogamic botany of the Antarctic voyage, 1845; The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H. M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror in the years 1839-1843, 1845). instituto antártico chileno | 1 Síguenos en inach.gob/ @inach_gob Kim moa Cuenta una leyenda yagán, tal como se ha relatado de generación en generación, que al norte de la isla Navarino tres jóvenes se disputaron el amor de una bella mujer y terminaron convertidos en aves australes tras la lucha por la hermosa joven. Uno de ellos terminó en Alukus (pato quetro no volador); otro de los jóvenes finalizó como Yo’kalia (tiuque), no obstante, el más trabajador de ellos se convirtió en Kimmoa (caiquén). Relata la historia ancestral que hoy en día Kimmoa permanece observando siempre todo a su alrededor. h. díaz Arte, Cultura y Ciudadanía Panorama Internacional Educación Política Antártica Nacional Ciencia Kim moa kimmoa | Arte, cultura y ciudadanía Proyecto Antartikanos impulsa artesanía y charlas TEDx con sello polar Catorce expositores destacados en sus distintas disciplinas dieron vida el 30 y 31 de agosto al evento TEDx Punta Arenas. Las conferencias se efectuaron en dos jornadas en el Centro Cultural de Punta Arenas, las que contaron con un excelente marco de público, el cual pudo disfrutar de entretenidas y novedosas ideas, que eran merecedoras de ser compartidas. La producción de estas charlas estuvo a cargo de INNCREA y pueden ser vistas en YouTube (TEDxPuntaArenas). En la misma ocasión se exhibieron los objetos con identidad antártica confeccionados por 38 artesanos partícipes del proyecto Antartikanos! (www.antartikanos.com), implementado por el INACH y la Escuela de Diseño de la Pontificia Universidad Católica, con el financiamien- to de Corfo-Magallanes. La ciudadanía asistente votó por los mejores productos, resultando ganador el artesano Christian Zerega por sus pirograbados en lenga, denominados “Huellas Antárticas”. Su creador fue parte de una expedición científica a la Antártica como premio. www.inach.cl/inach/?p=22288 www.inach.cl/inach/?p=22297 Exposición “Fósiles de la Patagonia y Antártica” Con gran marco de público se efectuó la inauguración de la Fernando Milagros, exposición “Fósiles de la Patagonia y Antártica”, el 18 de octu- bre. Los visitantes pudieron apreciar piezas fósiles de la flora el músico chileno que y fauna del extremo sur de Chile y el Continente Blanco, re- colectadas por la sección de Paleobiología, del Departamento se emocionó con la Científico del INACH. Antártica – 23 dic. www.inach.cl/inach/?p=22452 Luego de su participación en la Gala Antártica, el músico Fer- nando Milagros recibió una invitación especial para formar parte de la Expedición Antártica Escolar (EAE 2017), la que cada año premia a los estudiantes y profesores ganadores de la COSOC del INACH Feria Antártica Escolar con un viaje a la isla Rey Jorge. Mila- gros permaneció por casi cinco días en el Continente Blanco se reunió en Punta recorriendo los recovecos de la bahía Fildes, con su guitarra al hombro y la emoción de tocar en un sitio clave para la ciencia Arenas para aprobar antártica internacional. “Es muy emocionante estar en un lu- gar tan extremo en el mundo. También es muy emocionante nuevo reglamento tocar en la base rusa, la estación coreana y en la base chilena El Consejo de la Sociedad Civil (COSOC) del INACH se del INACH. A pesar de todas las diferencias, etnias, rangos, reunió en octubre en Punta Arenas para evaluar su gestión y ocupación, creencias religiosas o políticas, es súper lindo dar- aprobar un nuevo reglamento que, como novedad, posibilitará se cuenta de que existe algo que une a todas estas personas, es la incorporación de consejeros suplentes. como un espíritu de búsqueda, de exploración”, dijo una vez finalizado el viaje. www.inach.cl/inach/?p=22474 www.inach.cl/inach/?p=22742 4 | boletín antártico chileno | 36 /2 kimmoa | arte, cultura y ciudadanía Gala Antártica 2017 premió a hombres y mujeres destacados en el quehacer polar Junto con crear un nuevo espacio de divulgación antártica de investigadores en el área de la biología marina y que es una alrededor del solsticio de invierno, el INACH reforzó el pro- referencia en el estudio de cetáceos. Asimismo, la Asocia- grama de actividades de celebración del Día de la Antártica ción de Empleados del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Chilena (6 de noviembre). Por segundo año consecutivo se (AEMRE Punta Arenas) reconoció el aporte del prof. Aguayo coordinó un programa abierto de actividades, en el que se in- al trabajo gremial. cluyeron iniciativas no solo del INACH, sino también de los otros operadores antárticos (Ejército, Armada y Fuerza Aérea En lo que se refiere a prensa internacional, se premió al perio- de Chile), la Universidad de Magallanes, el Centro IDEAL dista José Luis Barbería, del diario El País de España, por el y diversos establecimientos educacionales de la Región de artículo “La Antártida, un termostato que regula el clima del Magallanes. El domingo 5 de noviembre se realizó el Desfile planeta”. En Prensa Nacional, el galardonado fue el periodista Antártico, en el que participaron funcionarios de INACH, de El Mercurio Rolando Martínez, por la cobertura de prensa representantes de los operadores antárticos y artesanos par- que dio al IX Congreso Latinoamericano de Ciencia Antár- ticipantes del proyecto “Antartikanos”. tica. En Prensa Regional, la laureada fue la jefa de crónica del diario La Prensa Austral, Elia Simeone, por el suplemento El 6 de noviembre el INACH organizó la primera Gala An- Ciencias, que semanalmente se publica en la edición domi- tártica, donde se entregaron reconocimientos a personas que nical El Magallanes. se han destacado en el quehacer polar desde sus respectivas áreas. El premio Ejército de Chile correspondió al teniente coronel Rolando Masa. En tanto, en la Armada de Chile se distinguió En Arte y Cultura fue premiado el dúo de música Lluvia al sargento Juan Montesinos y en la Fuerza Aérea, al coman- Ácida, de Rafael Cheuquelaf y Héctor Aguilar, por su obra dante de Escuadrilla Nelson Álvarez.
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