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1E0a0cf10ce737af9c836865b6e Atlas_Padli.indd 1 19.12.17 9:40 Atlas_Padli.indd 2 19.12.17 9:40 Veronika Petřeková ATLAS VYBRANÝCH druhů Padlí (řád ErysiPhalEs) v ČEské rEPublicE ACADEMia PRAHA 2018 Atlas_Padli.indd 3 19.12.17 9:40 Kniha byla vydána s podporou Akademie věd České republiky KATALOGIZACE V KNIZE – NÁRODNÍ KNIHOVNA ČR Petřeková, Veronika Atlas vybraných druhů padlí (řád Erysiphales) v České republice / Veronika Petřeková. – Vydání 1. – Praha : Academia, 2018. – 317 stran : ilustrace. – (Studentské práce) ISBN 978-80-200-2800-6 (brožováno) 582.282.14 * 632.4 * (437.3) * (084.42) * (048.8) - Erysiphales – Česko - houbové nemoci rostlin – Česko - atlasy - monografie 58 – Botanika [2] Recenzenti: Doc. RNDr. Barbora Mieslerová, Ph.D. RNDr. Božena Sedláková, Ph.D. © Veronika Petřeková, 2018 Photography © Veronika Petřeková, Barbora Mieslerová, Božena Sedláková, 2018 Illustrations © Veronika Petřeková, 2018 ISBN 978-80-200-2800-6 Atlas_Padli.indd 4 19.12.17 9:40 OBSAH Úvod ................................................. 11 Poděkování ........................................... 13 1 CHARAKTERISTIKA HUB ŘÁDU ERYSIPHALES ... 15 1.1 ŽIVOTNÍ CYKLUS ................................ 18 INFEKCE ..................................... 19 NEPOHLAVNÍ ROZMNOŽOVÁNÍ .............. 19 MYCELIUM ............................... 20 Hyfy .................................. 21 Apresoria .......................... 21 Haustoria .......................... 22 Konidiofory ............................ 23 Konidie ................................ 24 Klíčení konidií ...................... 25 POHLAVNÍ ROZMNOŽOVÁNÍ ................. 27 CHASMOTHECIA ......................... 28 Apendixy .............................. 29 Vřecka, askospory ....................... 29 PŘEŽÍVÁNÍ NEPŘÍZNIVÝCH PODMÍNEK ... 31 1.2 TAXONOMIE PADLÍ .............................. 32 HISTORIE TAXONOMIE ....................... 32 TRIBY A RODY ............................ 34 KONCEPT DRUHŮ A DETERMINACE DRUHŮ ... 35 1.3 GEOGRAFICKÉ ROZŠÍŘENÍ ....................... 37 1.4 VÝZNAM PADLÍ .................................. 40 1.5 REVIZE AKTUÁLNĚ PLATNÝCH JMEN DRUHŮ PADLÍ ................................... 41 OBSAH Atlas_Padli.indd 5 19.12.17 9:40 2 MATERIÁL A METODY ........................... 67 2.1 SBĚR VZORKŮ ................................... 69 2.2 ZPRACOVÁNÍ VZORKŮ ........................... 70 2.3 MIKROSKOPICKÉ POZOROVÁNÍ A MIKROFOTOGRAFIE ........................... 71 2.4 URČOVÁNÍ JEDNOTLIVÝCH ZÁSTUPCŮ .......... 73 3 VÝSLEDKY ....................................... 81 Tribus Erysipheae .................................. 84 Erysiphe adunca (Wallr. :) Fr. .................. 84 var. adunca. 84 Erysiphe alphitoides (Griff. a Maubl.) U. Braun a S. Takam. ................................. 88 Erysiphe aquilegiae DC., Fl. franç. .............. 92 var. aquilegiae ........................... 92 var. ranunculi ............................ 96 Erysiphe arcuata U. Braun, S. Takam. a Heluta ... 99 Erysiphe azaleae (U. Braun) U. Braun a S. Takam. ................................. 102 Erysiphe begoniicola U. Braun a S. Takam. ....... 106 Erysiphe berberidis DC., Fl. ................... 109 var. berberidis ............................ 109 Erysiphe caulicola (Petr.) U. Braun .............. 113 Erysiphe circaeae L. Junell ..................... 115 Erysiphe convolvuli DC,. Fl. franç. .............. 118 var. calystegiae U. Braun ................... 118 var. convolvuli ........................... 118 Erysiphe cruciferarum Opiz ex. L. Junell ......... 122 Erysiphe deutziae (Bunkina) U. Braun a S. Takam. ................................. 126 Erysiphe diffusa (Cooke a Peck) U. Braun a S. Takam. ................................. 129 var. elongata (U. Braun) U. Braun. .......... 129 6 — 7 atlas vybraných druhů padlí (řád erysiphales) v české republice Atlas_Padli.indd 6 19.12.17 9:40 Erysiphe elevata (Burrill) U. Braun a S. Takam. ... 132 Erysiphe euonymi DC. ........................ 135 Erysiphe flexuosa (Peck) U. Braun a S. Takam. ... 138 Erysiphe geranicearum U. Braun a Simonyan ..... 141 Erysiphe grossulariae (Wallr.) de Bary ........... 144 Erysiphe heraclei DC., Fl. Franç ................ 147 Erysiphe hyperici (Wallr.) S. Blumer ............ 151 Erysiphe intermedia (U. Braun) U. Braun ........ 154 Erysiphe lonicerae DC ........................ 157 var. ehrenbergii (Lév.) U. Braun a S. Takam. ... 157 Erysiphe macleayae R. Y. Zheng a G. Q. Chen .... 161 Erysiphe necator Schwein. ..................... 164 var. necator .............................. 164 Erysiphe ornata (U. Braun) U. Braun a S. Takam. ................................. 167 var. europaea ............................ 167 Erysiphe palczewskii (Jacz.) U. Braun a S. Takam. ................................. 170 Erysiphe pisi DC., Fl. franç. .................... 173 var. pisi ................................. 173 Erysiphe platani (Howe) U. Braun a S. Takam. ... 177 Erysiphe polygoni DC., Fl. franc. ............... 180 Erysiphe syringae Schwein. .................... 183 Erysiphe tortilis (Wallr. : Fr.) Link .............. 186 Erysiphe trifoliorum (Wallr.) U. Braun .......... 189 Erysiphe urticae (Wallr.) S. Blumer ............. 193 Erysiphe vanbruntiana (Gerard) U. Braun a S. Takam. ................................. 196 var. sambuci-racemosae (U. Braun) U. Braun a S. Takam. ............................. 196 Tribus Golovinomyceteae ............................ 199 Subtribus Neoërysiphinae ........................ 199 Neoërysiphe galeopsidis (DC.) U. Braun ......... 199 OBSAH Atlas_Padli.indd 7 19.12.17 9:40 Neoërysiphe galii (S. Blumer) U. Braun .......... 202 Subtribus Golovinomycetinae ..................... 205 Euoidium longipes (Noordel. a Loer.) U. Braun a R. T. A. Cook ...................... 205 Golovinomyces ambrosiae (Schwein.) U. Braun a R. T. A. Cook ...................... 207 Golovinomyces artemisiae (Grev.) Heluta ........ 210 Golovinomyces asterum (Schwein.) U. Braun ..... 214 var. solidaginis U. Braun ................... 214 Golovinomyces biocellatus (Ehrenb.) Heluta ....... 217 Golovinomyces cichoracearum (DC.) Heluta ...... 220 Golovinomyces cucurbitacearum (R. Y. Zheng a G. Q. Chen) Vakal. a Kliron. ................. 224 Golovinomyces depressus (Wallr.) Heluta ........ 227 Golovinomyces echinopis (U. Braun) Heluta ....... 230 Golovinomyces inulae U. Braun a H. D. Shin ..... 233 Golovinomyces macrocarpus (Speer) U. Braun .... 236 Golovinomyces montagnei U. Braun ............. 239 Golovinomyces orontii (Castagne) Heluta ........ 242 Golovinomyces sonchicola U. Braun a R. T. A. Cook .............................. 246 Golovinomyces sordidus (L. Junell) Heluta ....... 249 Golovinomyces spadiceus (Berk. a M. A. Curtis) U. Braun .................................... 253 Golovinomyces verbasci (Jacz.) Heluta ........... 256 Golovinomyces verbenae (Schwein.) Heluta ...... 259 Subtribus Arthrocladiellinae ...................... 262 Arthrocladiella mougeotii (Lév.) Vassilkov ....... 262 Tribus Cystotheceae ................................ 265 Subtribus Cystothecinae ......................... 265 Podosphaera aphanis (Wallr.) U. Braun a S. Takam. ................................. 265 var. aphanis ............................. 265 8 — 9 atlas vybraných druhů padlí (řád erysiphales) v české republice Atlas_Padli.indd 8 19.12.17 9:40 Podosphaera balsaminae (Wallr.) U. Braun a S. Takam. ................................. 269 Podosphaera ferruginea (Schltd. : Fr.) U. Braun a S. Takam. ......................... 273 var. ferruginea ........................... 273 Podosphaera filipendulae (Z. Y. Zhao) T. Z. Liu a U. Braun .......................... 276 Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis a Everh.) E. S. Salmon ................................ 279 Podosphaera macularis (Wallr. : Fr.) U. Braun a S. Takam .................................. 282 Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr. : Fr.) de Bary ....... 285 Podosphaera spiraeae (Sawada) U. Baraun a S. Takam. ................................. 289 Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) U. Braun a Shishkoff .................................. 292 Subtribus Sawadaeinae .......................... 295 Sawadaea bicornis (Wallr. : Fr.) Homma ......... 295 Tribus Blumerieae ................................. 300 Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer ................ 300 ZÁVĚR .............................................. 303 SEZNAM POUŽITÉ LITERATURY ..................... 309 REJSTŘÍK ............................................ 313 OBSAH Atlas_Padli.indd 9 19.12.17 9:40 Atlas_Padli.indd 10 19.12.17 9:40 ÚVOD Nikdo nezná přesný počet druhů organismů, které v současnosti žijí na Zemi. Počty se liší, odhaduje se, že včetně nás na planetě Zemi existuje dva až osmdesát milionů druhů organismů, které byly prapůvodně děleny do dvou říší, a to rostliny (Plantae) a živo- čichové (Animalia). Novodobější dělení je však složitější a rozdě- luje organismy obvykle do tří domén: Archaea, Bacteria a Eukarya, které se podle nejnovějších poznatků dělí do několika říší se svou velice složitou taxonomickou strukturu. Ta se však s popisováním nových a nových druhů stále rozšiřuje. Houby řádu Erysiphales jsou parazitické biotrofní organis- my, které zaujímají významné postavení mezi všemi organismy na Zemi. Jedná se o vysoce druhově specifické fytopatogeny, kte- ré svou přítomností znehodnocují rostliny, na nichž žijí, ať jsou to hospodářsky významné plodiny, okrasné rostliny nebo planě rostoucí rostliny. Napadení rostliny je patrné na první pohled. Rostlina je pokryta bílým myceliem, které tvoří volně roztroušené kruhovité pustule nebo při silné infekci pokrývá nejen celý povrch listů,
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