Energiajookide Uuring

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Energiajookide Uuring Tervise Arengu Instituut Energiajookide uuring Raport Tagli Pitsi, Natalja Gluškova, Madli Martverk, Leila Oja, Krystiine Liiv Tallinn 2013 SISUKORD Sissejuhatus ................................................................................................................................ 6 1. Taustinformatsioon energiajookidest ..................................................................................... 7 1.1 Energiajookide ajaloost .................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Energiajookidele kehtivad piirangud ................................................................................ 7 1.3 Energiajookide koostisained ............................................................................................. 8 1.3.1 Kofeiin ....................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.2 Guaraana .................................................................................................................. 13 1.3.3 Tauriin ...................................................................................................................... 14 1.3.4 Ţenšenn .................................................................................................................... 15 1.3.5 L-karnitiin ................................................................................................................ 15 1.3.6 Glükuronolaktoon .................................................................................................... 15 1.3.7 B-grupi vitamiinid .................................................................................................... 16 1.3.8 Suhkur ...................................................................................................................... 16 1.3.9 Ginkgo biloba ........................................................................................................... 17 1.3.10 Yerba mate ............................................................................................................. 17 1.3.11 Inositool ................................................................................................................. 18 1.4 Energiajookide mõju tervisele ........................................................................................ 18 1.4.1 Mõju kesknärvisüsteemile ....................................................................................... 20 1.4.2 Mõju südame-veresoonkonnale ............................................................................... 20 1.4.3 Mõju seedeelundkonnale ......................................................................................... 20 1.4.4 Hammaste tervis ja ülekaal ...................................................................................... 21 1.4.5 Energiajoogid ja füüsiline aktiivsus ......................................................................... 21 1.4.6 Energiajoogid ja söömishäired ................................................................................. 22 1.4.7 Energiajoogid ja alkohol .......................................................................................... 23 1.4.8 Energiajookidega seostatud surmajuhtumid ............................................................ 24 1.5 Energiajookide turundus ja reklaam ............................................................................... 24 2. Uuringu alused: eesmärk, metoodika, valim ja korraldus .................................................... 25 2.1 Uuringu eesmärk ............................................................................................................. 25 2.2 Metoodika ja valim ......................................................................................................... 25 3. Esimene grupp: 1.- 6. klassi üldhariduskoolide õpilased ..................................................... 27 3.1 Küsitletute taustinfo ........................................................................................................ 27 2 3.2 Energiajookide tarbimine ............................................................................................... 28 3.2.1 Levimus .................................................................................................................... 28 3.2.2 Tarbimise sagedus .................................................................................................... 28 3.2.3 Tarbitava energiajoogi kogus ................................................................................... 29 3.2.4 Mida ja kuidas eelistatakse tarbida .......................................................................... 29 3.2.5 Energiajookide tarbimine ja kehaline aktiivsus ....................................................... 30 3.3 Energiajookide tarbimise põhjused ja kättesaadavus ..................................................... 30 3.4 Kohvi ja teiste kofeiini sisaldavate toodete tarbimine .................................................... 31 3.4.1 Kohvi tarbimine ....................................................................................................... 31 3.4.2 Tee tarbimine ........................................................................................................... 32 3.4.3 Koolajookide tarbimine ........................................................................................... 32 3.4.4 Šokolaadi tarbimine ................................................................................................. 32 4. Teine grupp: 7.-12. klassi üldhariduskoolide, kutseõppeasutuste ja kõrgkoolide õpilased . 33 4.1 Küsitletute taustinfo ........................................................................................................ 33 4.2 Energiajookide tarbimine ............................................................................................... 35 4.2.1 Levimus .................................................................................................................... 35 4.2.2 Tarbimise sagedus .................................................................................................... 37 4.2.3 Tarbitava energiajoogi kogus ................................................................................... 38 4.2.4 Mida ja kuidas eelistatakse tarbida .......................................................................... 39 4.2.5 Energiajookide tarbimine koos alkoholi või muude lisanditega .............................. 40 4.2.6 Energiajookide tarbimine ja kehaline aktiivsus ....................................................... 41 4.3 Energiajookide tarbimise põhjused ja kättesaadavus ..................................................... 42 4.4 Kohvi ja teiste kofeiini sisaldavate toodete tarbimine .................................................... 45 4.4.1 Kohvi tarbimine ....................................................................................................... 45 4.4.2 Tee tarbimine ........................................................................................................... 47 4.4.3 Koolajookide tarbimine ........................................................................................... 48 4.4.4. Šokolaadi tarbimine ................................................................................................ 50 4.4.5 Teiste kofeiini sisaldavate toodete tarbimine ........................................................... 51 5. Kolmas grupp: 16-45-aastased inimesed .............................................................................. 52 5.1 Valim ja taustinfo ........................................................................................................... 52 5.2 Energiajookide tarbimine ............................................................................................... 53 5.2.1 Levimus .................................................................................................................... 53 5.2.2 Tarbimise sagedus .................................................................................................... 54 3 5.2.3 Tarbitava energiajoogi kogus ................................................................................... 55 5.2.4 Mida ja kuidas eelistatakse tarbida .......................................................................... 55 5.2.5 Energiajookide tarbimine koos alkoholi või muude lisanditega .............................. 56 5.2.6 Energiajookide tarbimine ja kehaline aktiivsus ....................................................... 57 5.3 Energiajookide tarbimise põhjused ja kättesaadavus ..................................................... 57 5.4 Kohvi ja teiste kofeiini sisaldavate toodete tarbimine .................................................... 59 5.4.1 Kohvi tarbimine ....................................................................................................... 59 5.4.2 Tee tarbimine ........................................................................................................... 61 5.4.3 Koolajookide tarbimine ........................................................................................... 62 5.4.4 Šokolaadi tarbimine ................................................................................................. 63 5.4.5 Teiste kofeiini sisaldavate toodete tarbimine ........................................................... 64 6. Kokkuvõtvad tulemused ....................................................................................................... 65
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