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Metropolitan Region Rhine-Neckar) DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES OF THE UNION POLICY DEPARTMENT B: STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Economic, Social and Territorial Situation of Germany (Metropolitan Region Rhine-Neckar) NOTE This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Regional Development. AUTHORS Dr. Esther KRAMER and Kathrin Maria RUDOLF Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE Lyna PÄRT LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN Translations: CS, DE, FR, IT, PL ABOUT THE EDITOR To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its monthly newsletter please write to: [email protected] Manuscript completed in May 2010. Brussels, © European Parliament, 2010. This document is available on the Internet at: www.europarl.europa.eu/studies DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES OF THE UNION POLICY DEPARTMENT B: STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Economic, Social and Territorial Situation of Germany (Metropolitan Region Rhine-Neckar) NOTE Abstract This note provides a short overview of Germany's economic, political and administrative set-up and of the specificities of the metropolitan region Rhine-Neckar with the cities of Mannheim, Heidelberg and Ludwigshafen. It then describes the support from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) within those territories. The note has been prepared in the context of the Committee on Regional Development's delegation to the metropolitan region Rhine-Neckar, 23 - 25 June 2010. IP/B/REGI/NT/2010_06 May 2010 PE 438.578 EN Economic, Social and Territorial Situation of Germany (Metropolitan Region Rhine-Neckar) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 5 MAPS, FIGURES, SCHEMES, TABLES 7 1. THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY 9 1.1. Key Facts and Figures 9 1.2. Politics 10 1.3. Administrative Structures 10 1.4. Economy and Regional Disparities 11 2. BADEN WÜRTTEMBERG, RHINELAND-PALATINATE, METROPOLITAN REGION RHINE-NECKAR 15 2.1. Baden-Württemberg 15 2.2. Rhineland-Palatinate 18 2.3. Metropolitan Region Rhine-Neckar 20 2.4. Mannheim, Heidelberg and Ludwigshafen 24 3. COHESION POLICY IN GERMANY 27 3.1. Distribution of Competences and Responsibilities with regard to Cohesion Policy Implementation 27 3.2. Overview: Structural Funds in Germany 2007-2013 29 3.3. ERDF in Baden-Württemberg 32 3.4. ERDF in Rhineland-Palatinate 35 DOCUMENTARY SOURCES 37 3 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 Economic, Social and Territorial Situation of Germany (Metropolitan Region Rhine-Neckar) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CDU Christian Democratic Union (German political party) CSU Christian Social Union (German political party) ERDF European Regional Development Fund ESF European Social Fund ETC European Territorial Cooperation Objective EU European Union FDP Free Democratic Party MA Managing Authority(ies) MRN Metropolitan Region Rhine-Neckar NSRF National Strategic Reference Framework NUTS Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics OP Operational Programme(s) RCE Regional Competitiveness and Employment Objective ROP Regional Operational Programme(s) R&D Research and Development SME(s) Small and medium sized enterprise(s) SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany 5 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6 Economic, Social and Territorial Situation of Germany (Metropolitan Region Rhine-Neckar) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ MAPS, FIGURES, SCHEMES, TABLES Map 1 Map of the Federal Republic of Germany 9 Map 2 Trends in regional population development in Germany until 2020 12 Map 3 and 4 Maps of Baden-Württemberg 15 Map 5 Administrative divisions of Baden-Württemberg (districts) 16 Map 6 and 7 Maps of Rhineland-Palatinate 18 Map 8 Administrative divisions of Rhineland-Palatinate (districts) 19 Map 9 and 10 Maps of the metropolitan region Rhine-Neckar 22 Map 11 Population of the metropolitan region Rhine-Neckar 22 Map 12 City districts of Mannheim 25 Map 13 City districts of Heidelberg 26 Map 14 Germany's NUTS 2 regions 29 Map 15 Project area of the ERDF-cofinanced “Mannheim 21 project” 34 Figure 1 Key data of the Federal Republic of Germany 9 Figure 2 Federal states of Germany: GDP/capita 2009 (in EUR/inhabitant) 11 Figure 3 Federal states of Germany: unemployment in 2009 13 Figure 4 Economic structure of the metropolitan region Rhine-Neckar (2007) 23 7 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Scheme 1 Organisation chart of the metropolitan region Rhine-Neckar 21 Table 1 Managing authorities of Structural Funds in Germany 27 Table 2 ERDF ROP authorities: Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate 28 Table 3 Attribution of EU Structural Funds in Germany 30 8 Economic, Social and Territorial Situation of Germany (Metropolitan Region Rhine-Neckar) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY 1.1. Key Facts and Figures Map 1: Map of the Federal Republic of Germany Source: www.infoplease.com/atlas/country/germany.html The Federal Republic of Germany is bordered to the North by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the East by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the South by Austria and Switzerland; and to the West by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 356 854 km² and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants in January 2010 it has the largest population among the Member States of the European Union. Figure 1: Key data of the Federal Republic of Germany Area 356 854 km² Population 81.8 million (1/2010)f Population density (per km2) 229.9 (2007) Official language German Currency Euro GDP per capita (PPS) 115.6 (EU27=100, 2008) Real GDP growth rate -5.0% (2009), 1.2%f (2010), 1.6%f (2011) Unemployment rate 7.5% (2009) Inflation rate 0.2 (2009) Public debt 73.2% of GDP (2009) Source: Eurostat and "The EU at a glance", f=forecast 9 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 1.2. Politics Germany is a federal democracy. The 16 states have an important role in the legislative process at the federal level and independent responsibilities, particularly in the fields of education and policing. The current government is a coalition of the Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union (CDU/CSU) and the Liberal Party (FDP) under the Chancellor, Angela Merkel (CDU). It came into power after general elections in October 2009. 1.3. Administrative Structures The states of Germany refer to the 16 states, known in German as Länder (singular Land), of the Federal Republic of Germany. Since Land is also the German word for "country", the term Bundesländer (federal states; singular Bundesland) is commonly used, though technically incorrect within the corpus of German law. The citizens of the states form the nation of Germany, and have the right of abode within the states. The area covered by the 16 states is completely and solely the territory of Germany. The cities of Berlin and Hamburg are states in their own right, while the State of Bremen consists of two cities, Bremen and Bremerhaven. These three are termed Stadtstaaten (city states). The remaining 13 states are termed Flächenländer (area states). The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each federal state's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28[1]). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Ministerpräsident (Prime Minister), together with a unicameral legislative body known as the Landtag. The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors the one of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Prime Minister is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members. The Prime Minister appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government. Politics at the state level often have implications for federal politics. Opposition victories in elections for state parliaments, which take place throughout the federal government's four- year term, can weaken the federal government, because state governments have assigned seats in the Bundesrat, which has to give its approval to many laws after their scrutiny by the Bundestag (the federal parliament). The large states of Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia
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