A Selection of Rare Maps and Atlases

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Donald Heald Rare Books A Selection of Rare Maps and Atlases

Donald Heald Rare Books 124 East 74 Street New York, New York 10021 T: 212 · 744 · 3505 F: 212 · 628 · 7847 [email protected] www.donaldheald.com All purchases are subject to availability. All items are guaranteed as described. Any purchase may be returned for a full refund within ten working days as long as it is returned in the same condition and is packed and shipped correctly. The appropriate sales tax will be added for New York State residents. Payment via U.S. check drawn on a U.S. bank made payable to Donald A. Heald, wire transfer, bank draft, Paypal or by Visa, Mastercard, American Express or Discover cards. 1 BACHMANN, John.

Panorama of the Seat of War. Birds Eye View of Kentucky and Tennessee showing Cairo and part of the southern states.

New York: John Bachmann, 1861 [but 1862]. Chromolithograph, by Bachmann.

A fine copy of this bird’s-eye by Bachmann, ‘one of the finest American artists and lithographers specializing in bird’s-eye views’ (Stephenson & McKee), recalling a pivotal moment in the Civil War. ‘Bachmann did six views of the Confederate States like this one ... They are very rare.’ (Rumsey).

The clouds of smoke over Fort Donelson show that this image is intended to recall a moment in time between February 11th and the 16th, 1862, when Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant besieged and secured the surrender of Fort Donelson. The 12,000-stong garrison’s unconditional surrender was a major victory for the Union and a catastrophe for the South: Kentucky stayed in the Union, and Tennessee became vulnerable to a Northern advance along the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers. Grant, who received the nickname ‘Unconditional Surrender’, was also promoted to Major General, and came to be considered as an important figure in the western theater of the war.

Stephenson Civil War Maps (1989) 23.5; Rumsey 2657; Reps p.160 (‘No finer artist of city views worked in America than John Bachmann).

(#20706) $ 4,750 2 BACHMANN, John.

Panorama of the Seat of War. Birds Eye View of Virginia, Maryland Delaware and the District of Columbia.

New York: Charles Magnus, 1864. Chromolithograph, by Bachmann. Backed onto tissue with neat repaired tears to margins (two just touching the title) . Sheet size: 24 x 34 1/2 inches.

Third state of this fascinating quasi-aerial view of the northernmost part of the east coast of the Confederacy, and the southernmost areas of the Union, including Washington: this third issue, printed after the smoke that was added to Manassas for the second issue had been removed again, has “many towns and battlefields ... added, especially around Richmond, Petersburg, and Fredericksburg” (Rumsey). It was published by Charles Magnus of New York.

‘At the outset of the Civil War, John Bachmann, of New York City, one of the finest American artists and lithographers specializing in bird’s-eye views, began producing a series of panoramas of likely theaters of War’ (Stephenson & McKee Virginia in Maps p.239). This view, taken from the apparent vantage point some miles up in the outer atmosphere, was designed to serve as an individual stand-alone image (as here), but also to join with two other views by Bachmann which together form one continuous panorama of the east coast of the Confederacy. In all, Bachmann published six views covering the whole ‘Seat of the War’. The present image covers an area which includes the locations of a number of well-known Civil War actions: Harper’s Ferry, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Spotsylvania, Manassas, Petersburg and Appomattox River, Richmond and environs.

John Bachmann was one of America’s leading viewmakers, having been responsible for some of the finest New York City views. This innovative cross between view and map appears to have been his own invention, and it gives an intriguing and different perspective on the conflict. The first state of this view was published by Bachmann in 1861, the second state was published with smoke billowing up from Manassas in reference to the first Battle of Bull Run; the present third edition was published by Charles Magnus in 1864, the battlefield smoke having been removed.

Cf. Stephenson Civil War Maps (1989) 2 & 3 (1st and 2nd states); cf. Stephenson & McKee Virginia in Maps p.239 (2nd state); Rumsey 2817 ; cf. Reps p.160 (‘No finer artist of city views worked in America than John Bachmann”)

(#20527) $ 6,500

3 BLAEU, Jan (1596-1673).

[WORLD] Nova et Accuratissima Totius Terrarum Orbis Tabula.

Amsterdam: Jan Blaeu, [1662]. Copper-engraved map, with original colour. Latin text on verso. Skillful marginal repair to center fold. Sheet size: 19 1/2 x 24 inches.

An aesthetic triumph and the culmination of Dutch cartography.

This is the new world map prepared by Blaeu for the eleven volume Atlas Maior of 1662. Unlike its predecessor with its marginal city views and native peoples, this is a double hemispheric map with the classical gods that personify each planet and Apollo, the Sun. Each planetary deity is portrayed with his astrological attributes: Mercury with flying cap and caduceus; Venus with cupid at her side; Mars armed for battle; Jupiter with thunderbolts; and Saturn brooding and holding a flag of a six pointed star (a symbol in Saturn worship). Just below to the left and right are portraits of Claudius Ptolemy and Amerigo Vespucci. At the base are four allegorical personifications of the seasons, each on a chariot. All of which place Earth in a larger context and make the map a celebration of the Western European scientific and exploratory achievements. This was the key map to Blaeu’s Great Atlas: the culminating work of 100 years of Dutch cartography and 300 years of European seafaring.

It is one of the most beautiful world maps ever made.

Shirley, The Mapping of the World, 428; van der Krogt, Atlantes 0001:2B.

(#20834) $ 28,000

4 [BOSTON] - Johann Carl MÜLLER (publisher).

Geographische Belustigungen zur Erläuterung der neuesten Weltgeschichte. Mit Landkarten, Planen und Kupfern nach den neuesten und besten Originalen. (Zum Besten einer Freyschule in Sachsen). Erstes Stück. Allgemeine Beschreibung der engländischen Colonien in Nord-Amerika, nebst eien Plane von Boston.

Leipzig: In der Johann Carl Müllerischen Buch-und Kunsthandlung, 1776. Part I (only, of 2), quarto (10 x 8 3/4 inches). Collation: *2, A-C4, D2 (Title [verso blank], 2pp. ‘Vorerinnerung’, pp.1-28 text). Woodcut decorative vignette on title, 2 woodcut headpieces, 1 large folding hand-coloured copper- engraved map ‘Carte von dem Hafen und der Stadt Boston’ by Georg Friedrich Frentzel after Jean Chevalier de Beaurain. Original grey paper wrappers, uncut (some soiling and small tears to covers, backstrip defective), modern blue morocco-backed blue cloth box, titled in gilt on “spine”.

A fine unsophisticated copy of this very rare part work including one of the most important Revolutionary War maps of Boston, that Krieger & Cobb cite as “the only German map of Boston [made] during the Revolutionary period.”

Müller apparently issued two parts to this work, both of which are exceptionally rare. There are no auction records; Sabin notes the present first part, but was evidently unaware of the existence of the second part, sub-titled “Allgemeine Beschreibung der engländischen Colonien in Nord-Amerika, nebst einer Karte von denselben und einer Karte von Long-Island.” OCLC records only a single copy of this work (with both parts) in the New York Public Library.

The interesting text gives details of the history of the English in North America, followed by sections on New England, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maine and the territory of Sagadahock, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland. The text ends with a note that other colonies will be described in the next part: “Die übrigen Colonien folgen in dem nächsten Stücke.”

The highly important map is a version of a French map of the same year, which itself made use of J.F.W. Des Barres “Map of the Port of Boston.” It captures the moment when British forces, still in control of Boston, prepare to face George Washington’s Continental forces. Boston, on a narrow peninsula is shown to be in an increasingly precarious defensive position. In an improvement over its French predecessor, the present edition makes a clear reference to the Battle of Bunker Hill (June 17, 1775), noting the “Ruinen von Charles=town.” Around the city, the placement of the respective forces is depicted with unparalleled accuracy, with the British troop lines highlighted in blue and the Continental troop lines in red. Three divisions of Washington’s forces are placed with one at Cambridge, one at Charlestown Neck, and another above Roxbury. The observer will notice that the British commanders elected not to place troops atop Dorchester Heights. Washington later took this ground, giving him an irrepressible advantage over the British in the ensuing siege. The British were compelled to leave the city in March, 1776. The map measures 21 3/8 x 26 inches.

Cf. Allgemeine deutsche Bibliothek, Anh.25-36.Bd., 3.Abt., 1780, pp.1367-1369; cf. OCLC 41205246 (listing only 1 example, the New York Public Library copy, containing both parts); Sabin 26980 (mentioning only the present first part)

For the map, see: The Library of Congress Quarterly Journal no.30, (1973), pp.252-253; Cresswell The American Revolution in Drawings and Prints 706; Krieger & Cobb Mapping Boston p.181, pl.27; Pedley The Map Trade in the Eighteenth-Century pp.27- 30, figs. 4 & 5; Nebenzahl 18; Sellers & Van Ee Maps and Charts of North America & the West Indies 924

(#19448) $ 22,500

5 BRADLEY, Abraham, Jr. (1767-1838).

Map of the United States Exhibiting the Post Roads, the situations, connexions [sic.] & distances of post- offices, stage roads, counties, & principal rivers.

Washington, D.C. [engraved in Philadelphia by Francis Shallus]: [circa 1812]. Engraved map, with full period hand-colouring, printed on four sheets, dissected into 32 sections and linen-backed, as issued. Map size: 38 1/4 x 53 inches. Folds into original half roan over marbled paper boards, flat spine divided into seven compartments by single gilt fillets and lettered in gilt in the second compartment. Modern morocco-backed cloth box.

A monumental American map: this issue the first to be published following Louisiana statehood and in glorious full contemporary coloring.

The decade following the ratification of the Constitution was marked by enormous growth in the new nation. Perhaps the greatest reflection of that development was in the Post Office. In 1792 at the time of the creation of the Post Office, the nation included 6000 miles of post roads and 195 post offices; by 1800, just eight years later, there were 21,000 miles of post roads (a 250% increase) and 903 post offices (a 360% increase). “From the beginning, the postal system needed to be visually profiled in detail. Accurate ‘working’ maps were needed for planning and operating mail routes, setting pickup-and-delivery schedules, assisting postal workers in post offices and distribution centers in sorting, establishing new post offices, negotiating contracts with carriers, and educating Washington politicians responsible for overseeing the Post Office ... The task of creating the maps necessary to manage the rapidly growing U.S. postal system was assumed by Abraham Bradley” (Caldwell & Buehler).

Bradley, born in Litchfield, CT and trained as a lawyer, initially served as the clerk to first Postmaster General Timothy Pickering. Among his duties was to compile information concerning the various routes of the nation. By the time Joseph Habersham became the second Postmaster General in 1795, Bradley, who was retained as the clerk, seems to have been well on his way to producing his great cartographic achievement. Synthesizing information from both published maps (including Buell, McMurray, Carlton, Arrowsmith and Hutchins) as well as information drawn from surveys undertaken for the Post Office, Bradley published the first edition of his map in 1796. That map, on a scale of 1:2,400,000, depicted the country as far west as the Mississippi, showing the location of 450 post offices and their respective routes and including a large table titled “Progress of the Mail on the Main Line” at the lower right. Three distinct issues of the 1796 edition have been identified, published between 1796 and 1800 (Wheat and Brun 128-130); additionally the northeast sheet only of the map seems to have been issued separately in 1796, constituting a fourth issue. The differences between the issues is largely in the number of post offices shown as well as the changing geo- political landscape, i.e. the changing boundaries of existing states or the addition of new territories.

“Bradley’s 1796 map was soon rendered obsolete. The postal system had grown from about 450 post offices as shown on Bradley’s 1796 map to 1,405 post offices in 1804. More importantly, the 1803 purchase of more than 800,000 square miles of the French Louisiana Territory had markedly expanded the country. On August 29, 1803, Bradley wrote to President Jefferson, ‘The great alterations which have taken place in the U.S. since my map was first published have rendered it of little use & I have for sometime suspended the sale.’ A full depiction of the expanded United States and the inclusion of its hundreds of new post offices were essential for future system planning and route contracting ... The new map was designed on a larger scale and with greater dimensions than the 1796 map to accommodate wider geographic coverage and a denser postal network. In fact, at 98 cm x 132 cm on four sheets, it has over 50% more surface area. The expanded coverage encompasses the newly acquired Louisiana Territory as far as 19 degrees west of Washington, but the sparsely settled northern extremities of the United States (the Lake Superior country, for example) are not shown. The geography of the Great Lakes is more accurately portrayed and far more detail is shown in the West than on the 1796 map. The nation’s expansion is indicated not only by the Louisiana Territory and its subsequent division into the Orleans Territory and the District of Louisiana (1804), but also by the new Mississippi (1798) and Indiana (1800) Territories. A small inset map of North America replaces the East Coast route chart included on the 1796 map” (Caldwell & Buehler).

Between 1804 and 1812, four issues of this map were published, again marked by additional information as well as changing boundaries. The present example is the 1812 issue, the first following Louisiana statehood, which is identified and separately coloured. Among other changes, Louisiana Territory is renamed Missouri Territory and areas of Illinois and Mississippi Territory are divided into plotted townships for land sales.

“Abraham Bradley’s landmark maps are the product of the first nationwide mapping conducted by the Federal government - unique representations of a young, vital, and expanding United States. In terms of the Post Office, the maps were management tools of the largest peace-time organization in early 19th century America. The geography was current, interconnecting road networks were clear, many more towns were shown than on other contemporary maps, and the distances between towns gave a clear sense of scale. Abraham Bradley, through his organizational talent and his dogged dedication to the mission of the Post Office, helped bring an infant organization to operational maturity. The maps are evidence of that achievement. In terms of the nation, these maps lay open a picture of America’s regional population densities, level of infrastructure development, and extent of settlement, thereby revealing much about the economic, cultural, and political characteristics of numerous regional subsections of the country. The Bradley maps stand as significant markers in the story of America’s assumption of leadership of the mapping of North America...” (Caldwell & Buehler).

Caldwell & Buehler cite four complete copies of this rare 1812 issue: Library of Congress, Rumsey, University of Chicago, and the Clements Library. We know of but one other.

America Emergent 30; Caldwell & Buehler, “Picturing a Networked Nation: Abraham Bradley’s Landmark U.S. Postal Maps” in The Portolan (Spring 2010); cf. Deak, Picturing America 212 (1796 issue); McCorkle, New England in Early Printed Maps, pp. 38-39; Phillips, A List of Maps of America, p. 874; Ristow, American Maps and Mapmakers, pp. 70-71; Rumsey 2929; Schwartz & Ehrenberg, The Mapping of America, p. 222; Wheat & Brun, Maps and Charts Published in America before 1800 130 (note).

(#25513) $ 75,000

6 BRUFF, Joseph Goldsborough (1804-1889).

The State of Florida compiled in the Bureau of Topographical Engineers from the best authorities.

[Washington]: 1846. Engraved folded map by McLelland after Bruff, William A. Whitehead and Jacob Edmund Blake. In good condition except for some small clean repaired tears. Recent red morocco-backed cloth box, titled in gilt on ‘spine’. Sheet size: 47 x 43 1/2 inches.

A large, important, and informative map of Florida, one of the first produced after Florida’s admission to the Union on March 3, 1845, carrying much useful military information.

The map exhibits great detail and precision, especially in the coastline, and gives much information on the physical and cultural geography of the state. Numerous forts and military camps are located. This map would have provided important information on Florida at the onset of the Mexican War in 1846, in which there was much action in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Coastal islands are shown, as well as keys, rivers, and lakes. Great care is taken to note townships, pointing out which have been sectioned or unsectioned, and which have been surveyed or resurveyed. A note in the western Everglades marks the “district assigned to the Seminoles by the arrangement of Gen. Macomb May 18th 1839” and further remarks “N.B. 20 miles around this district is reserved from survey till the Seminoles are removed.” The map contains three insets, showing “Key West;” “Mouths of the Suwanee River and the Cedar Keys Showing the Western Terminus of the Proposed Rail Road. From Lieut. Blake’s Map;” and “General Map of Part of Florida Included Between Cedar Keys and St. John’s River. From Lieut. Blake’s Map.”

Joseph Goldsborough Bruff was a civilian draftsman and artist with the Bureau of Topographical Engineers. He participated in the California Gold Rush, and also worked on the United States Capitol as an ornamental designer and draftsman. Bruff earliest important map was issued by Henry S. Tanner in 1839, and was of the lands ceded by Indian tribes to the U.S. government by treaty, and lands occupied by the tribes. Bruff went on to produce important maps during the Mexican War (of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec) and the Civil War (of battles in Virginia and Maryland).

Phillips Maps, p.284; OCLC 166643473

(#21245) $ 1,500

7 [CATESBY, Mark (1683-1749)] - Johan Michael SELIGMANN (1720-1762).

Carolinae Floridae nec non Insularum Bahamensium cum partibus adjacendibus delineato ad exemplar Londinense in lucem edita.

Nuremberg: Seligmann, 1755. Copper-engraved map, with full original hand colouring, in good condition apart from an expertly repaired split to the fold. Sheet size: 19 1/2 x 25 5/8 inches.

A fine copy of the first and only Continental edition of a Map of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands, here with particularly fine period hand-colouring.

The English edition of this map (first published in Vol.II of Mark Catesby’s Natural History of South Carolina, and the Bahama Islands, London, 1743) is now virtually unobtainable. This has greatly increased the desirability of this fine Continental version, which is itself quite scarce. Seligmann’s Sammlung verschiedener auslaendischer und seltener Vögel was published in nine parts between 1749 and 1776, and included a German translation of Catesby’s work with re-engraved versions of his images, including the present map. Catesby’s work was the first natural history of American flora and fauna. Catesby scholar G.F. Frick calls this map “a good representation of the better English ideas about the geography of North America” in the period.

It is not generally recognized that the English version of this map appeared in two states. On the first state of 1743, the territory on both sides of the Mississippi was coloured green, to indicate that the entire region was in the hands of the French. A second state was included in the third edition of the Natural History in 1771, altered to show the political realignment brought about by the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The territory on the east bank of the Mississippi, which had been acquired by Britain, was now coloured green; the territory to the West, which now belonged to Spain, was coloured blue. The present German edition corresponds with the English first state. The map shows Southeastern North America as far west as the Mississippi River, plus the nearby Caribbean islands of the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola.

Cf. Cumming, The Southeast in Early Maps (1998 ed.), 210 & 292

(#18372) $ 12,000

8 CATHERWOOD, Frederick (1799-1854).

General View of Uxmal, Taken from the Archway of Las Monjas, Looking South.

[13]. London: F. Catherwood, 1844. Hand coloured tinted lithograph, after Catherwood, trimmed to the image and mounted on card as issued, ink ruled border and ink manuscript plate number in the lower right corner. Image size: 10 1/4 x 14 3/8 inches; card size:17 x 21 1/8 inches.

A fine image from the extraordinarily rare hand-coloured issue of this highly important work: “In the whole range of literature on the Maya there has never appeared a more magnificent work” (Von Hagen).

Until the publication of the work of Alfred Maudsley at the turn of the century, Catherwood’s Views was the greatest record of Mayan iconography and a primary visual record of the rediscovery of Mayan civilization. The Views was produced in London, although issued with both London and New York title pages. Catherwood recruited some of the most distinguished lithographers in London to translate his originals onto stone: Andrew Picken, Henry Warren, William Parrott, John C. Bourne, Thomas Shotter Boys, and George Belton Moore.

Frederick Catherwood was a British architect and artist with a strong interest in archaeology. These combined talents led him to accompany the American traveller and explorer, John Lloyd Stephens, on two trips to the Mayan region of southern Mexico in 1839 and 1841. These explorations resulted in Stephens’ two famous works, Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan and Incidents of Travel in Yucatan. These immensely popular works, foundation stones in Mayan studies, were both illustrated by Catherwood and inspired him to undertake the larger portfolio. The work of Stephens and Catherwood received great praise. Of Catherwood, Huxley writes: “Catherwood belongs to a species, the artist-archaeologist, which is all but extinct. Piranesi was the most celebrated specimen and Catherwood his not unworthy successor.”

Three hundred copies of the work were produced. Most copies are the standard issue, containing tinted lithographed plates. A much more limited number were issued in the present deluxe format: with the plates expertly hand-coloured, cut to the edge of the image and mounted on card stock in imitation of the original watercolours. Very few such deluxe copies have appeared on the market in the last quarter century, with the most recent portfolio selling for $120,000 (Christie’s New York, 5 December 2006).

Uxmal, an ancient Mayan city in present-day Yucatan, Mexico, is near the town of Santa Elena.

Groce & Wallace, p.115; Hill [2004] 263; Palau 50290; Sabin 11520; Tooley (1954) 133; Von Hagen, Search for the Maya, pp. 320-24. Not in Abbey.

(#29063) $ 3,200

9 CATHERWOOD, Frederick (1799-1854).

Pyramidal Building and Fragments of Sculpture, at Copan.

[2]. London: F. Catherwood, 1844. Hand coloured tinted lithograph, after Catherwood, trimmed to the image and mounted on card as issued, ink ruled border and ink manuscript plate number in the lower right corner. Image: 10 5/8 x 14 3/4 inches, card: 17 1/4 x 21 1/4 inches.

Copán was a Mayan city, originally called Xukpi. It is in western Honduras. Upon discovering the jungle covered ruins, Catherwood and Stephens bought the city for $ 50, hoping to export some of the sculpted ornamentation via boat. This proved impossible, so Catherwood sketched as much as he could of these artistic treasures.

Groce & Wallace, p.115; Hill [2004] 263; Palau 50290; Sabin 11520; Tooley (1954) 133; Von Hagen, Search for the Maya, pp. 320-24. Not in Abbey.

(#29061) $ 3,200

10 COXE, Daniel (1673-1739).

A Map of Carolana and of the River Meschacebe &c.

[London: 1722-1741]. Copper-engraved map. Inset of the Mississippi delta titled “A Map of the Mouth of the River Meschacebe.” Old ink manuscript notation in cartouche dating the map 1727. (Old folds). Sheet size: 17 1/4 x 21 3/4 inches.

Among the earliest English cartographic depictions of the Mississippi Valley.

At the end of the seventeenth century, the Coxe family laid claim to an enormous region in the South based on royal grants received by Dr. Daniel Coxe (1640-1730), with the intention of forming a trading company to establish an English colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River. In 1722 (and with subsequent editions to 1741), Colonel Daniel Coxe (1673-1739), who had travelled in America in 1702, published a description of the region to further his family’s claims. “Apparently to avoid conflict with the established settlements of the lords proprietors only the country west of the settled portion of Carolina was claimed by Coxe” (Cumming). Beyond his own claims, Coxe published the work to raise awareness of the significant potential of the area and the dangers posed by French incursions.

Partly based on mappings by Delisle, the map holds the distinction of being among the earliest English depictions of the Mississippi Valley and one of few maps to name the region Carolana. It improved on many of the previous maps by eliminating the mountain ranges that were often shown as running beside the Mississippi River, as well as correctly fixing the location of the Appalachian and Ozark mountains. It extends as far north as the Great Lakes and includes an inset of the Mississippi Delta. A hachured line on the map running from Lake Champlain in the north to Port Royal in the south delineates what the French believed the boundary to be between the English colonies and their vast Louisiana claim. English place names, particularly in the large inset of the Mississippi Delta, reflect the British designs on the region.

Cumming, Southeast in Early Maps 190; Charting Louisiana, pp. 41-44; cf. Church 886; cf. Clark I:68; cf. European Americana 741/48; cf. Howes C826; cf. JCB (1)III:679; cf. Sabin 17281; cf. Vail 409.

(#24794) $ 9,500

11 DES BARRES, J.F.W. (1721-1824, publisher) and George GAULD, surveyor.

A chart of the bay and harbour of Pensacola in the province of West Florida surveyed by George Gauld A.M.

London: J.F.W. Des Barres in the ‘Atlantic Neptune’, August 1st 1780. Copper-engraved sea chart with aquatint, and details heightened in original colour. Sheet size: 21 1/2 x 29 7/8 inches.

A very rare and highly important sea chart of Pensacola Harbor from ‘The Atlantic Neptune,’ the finest marine atlas of North America’s east coast, produced during the Revolutionary War.

This superbly drafted map features the magnificent natural harbor of Pensacola on the Florida panhandle. Des Barres based this rendering on manuscript survey maps by the British military engineer George Gauld. The town, with its fort and carefully laid out streets is featured in the left-centre of the map. Another settlement “Campbell Town” is located further up the harbour toward the entrance of the “Scambia” (Escambia) River. The borders of various land grants are demarcated, and the countryside is elegantly detailed with aquatint features, and coloured in a light brown-green wash. The chart precisely captures the features of the coast, showing how the harbor is protected by two sandy bars of land, the outer being Santa Rosa Island. The chart features a great deal of quantitative hydrographic information, and instructions to mariners are written in the lower right of the map, ensuring that it was by far the most accurate and comprehensive pilot for the harbor produced in the eighteenth-century. The present example is the second of two variants of this chart distinguished by the heightening of the townscapes in a brilliant red hue of original colour. It is important to note that the very year that this map was printed the region was caught up in the dramatic action of the Revolutionary War. The Spaniards, who had just joined the war on the American side, seized the British garrison at Fort Barrancas, and West Florida remained in their possession for the duration of the war.

Joseph Frederick Wallet Des Barres was born in Switzerland, where his Huguenot ancestors had fled following the repeal of the Edict of Nantes. He studied under the great mathematician Daniel Bernoulli at the University of Basel, before immigrating to Britain where he trained at the Royal Military College, Woolwich. Upon the outbreak of hostilities with France in 1756, he joined the British Royal American Regiment as a military engineer. He came to the attention of General James Wolfe, who appointed him to join his personal detail. During this period he also worked with the legendary future explorer James Cook on a monumental chart of the St. Lawrence River. Upon the conclusion of the Seven Years War, Britain’s empire in North America was greatly expanded, and this required the creation of a master atlas featuring new and accurate sea charts for use by the Royal Navy. Des Barres was enlisted to survey the coastlines of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. With these extremely accurate surveys in hand, Des Barres returned to London in 1774, where the Royal Navy charged him with the Herculean task of producing the atlas. He was gradually forwarded the manuscripts of numerous advanced surveys conducted by British cartographers in the American Colonies, Jamaica and Cuba. The result was The Atlantic Neptune, which became the most celebrated sea atlas of its era, containing the first systematic survey of the east coast of North America. Des Barres’s synergy of great empirical accuracy with the peerless artistic virtue of his aquatint views, created a work that “has been described as the most splendid collection of charts, plates and views ever published” (National Maritime Museum Catalogue). The Neptune eventually consisted of four volumes and Des Barres’s dedication to the project was so strong that often at his own expense he continually updated and added new charts and views to various editions up until 1784, producing over 250 charts and views, many appearing in several variations. All of these charts were immensely detailed, featuring both hydrographical and topographical information, such that in many cases they remained the most authoritative maps of the regions covered for several decades. Following the completion of The Neptune, Des Barres returned to Canada, where he remained for a further forty years, becoming a senior political figure and a wealthy land owner, living to the advanced age of 103. National Maritime Museum,Catalogue III, 144, p.384; National Maritime Museum, Henry Newton Stevens Collection, 173B; Sellers & Van Ee, Maps & Charts of North America & West Indies, 1663; Cf. Guthorn, British Maps of the American Revolution, 46

(#19771) $ 22,500 12 DONCKER, Hendrick (after); and Gerard VAN KEULEN.

A Chart of the Sea Coasts of New Neder Land, Virginia, New-England, and Penn-Silvania, With the Citty of Philadelphia, from Baston to Cabo Karrik. [with insets]: De Stadt Philadelphia of Penn-Silvania [and] De Bay van Boston.

Amsterdam: c. 1706. Engraved map. Insets of Philadelphia (after Thomas Holme) and Boston Harbor. With wide margins, overall a strong impression. Sheet size: 21 1/4 x 24 3/4 inches. Provenance: Martin P. Snyder.

A beautifully printed example of the Donckers-van Keulen chart of the American coast from the Outer Banks of North Carolina to Boston.

An exceptionally fine example of a classic Dutch sea chart of the northeast American coast, with insets of Holme’s plan of Philadelphia and Boston Harbor.

First issued by the well-known Dutch publisher of maritime works, Hendrick Doncker (1626 - 99) in 1688, this striking chart of the northeast coast of North America was one of many Doncker plates acquired by Johannes van Keulen (1654 - 1715), who also took over Doncker’s store and made it into a workshop. He reissued this chart with various changes (most notably reworking the cartouche of the original into the inset of Boston Harbor). The chart in its new form appeared around 1706.

Hendrick Doncker was one of several Amsterdam chartmakers who played an important role in the brief Dutch ascendancy at sea. Colom, Goos, Lootsman, van Loon and the van Keulens provided the ever improving charts for the ever increasing merchant fleet, and the ever increasing map reading public. As Koeman notes, Doncker appears to have been one of the more assiduous of the chartmakers, making corrections and improvements and replacing obsolete charts with new ones, when the general tendency was to re-print the existing charts as long as possible. His store sold atlases, pilot guides, navigational instruments and individual charts. Very near the end of his life, he sold most of the business to Johannes van Keulen, who had a shop across the street. With his son Gerard (1678-1724), who had an aptitude for the navigational sciences, they gradually established the predominant house for navigational publications, to the extent that all sea atlases were referred to as “Van Keulens” in later years.

The inset of Philadelphia is derived from the Dutch edition of Thomas Holme’s famous 1683 plan. Its inclusion and the large inset of Boston Bay reminds us that the Dutch were primarily merchants rather than settlers, interested in profit, not Utopias.

Burden 644 note; Koeman IV: p. 154 and Keu 113B; McCorkle 734.1 (see also 660.2); Phillips, Descriptive List of Maps and Views of Philadelphia 171; Sellers & Van Ee 768; Snyder, COI 5 (this copy illustrated as figure 4).

(#21367) $ 18,500

13 DÜRING, C. A. (American, fl. 1827).

Philadelphia von dem grossen Baum zu Kingston. [Philadelphia from the Great Tree of Kingston (i.e. Kensington)].

1827. Pen, watercolour and gouache on wove paper, with integral brown gouache border with ruled lines in black and white, signed, dated and titled beneath the image in white gouache in a cartographic hand “Pinx[it]: C:A: Düring.1827. / Philadelphia von dem grossen Baum zu Kingston”. (Old crease, some light surface damage). Sheet size: 18 3/4 x 23 3/4 inches; image size: 14 1/4 x 19 1/2 inches.

A beautiful painting of Philadelphia in the 1820s

This superb painting of Philadelphia by German artist C. A. During depicts the city from just beyond the great elm tree at Kensington on the Delaware.

Unfortunately we have been unable to discover any information regarding the artist of this magnificent view of Philadelphia. Obviously a German artist, the view is typical of German topographical paintings produced towards the middle of the nineteenth century. The heavy gray border and thick painterly technique was a common tool used by artists across Germany, and was particularly favored by landscape painters, who used this artistic framing device to create a sense of depth in their work. This superb view is obviously from the hand of a professional artist whose exquisite technique and meticulous attention to detail is nothing short of breathtaking.

Düring’s work presents a familiar view of the city from the great elm at Kensington, under which William Penn concluded his treaty with the Indians in 1682. This view of Philadelphia was a favored vantage point for artists throughout the nineteenth century and was in fact sketched by Benjamin Franklin before he departed for the Continent in 1760. The view of Philadelphia from the Kensington elm is best known through the frontispiece of William and Thomas Birch’s famous portfolio of Philadelphia views published in 1798, but it was in fact, used in an earlier view by John James Barralet in 1796. In contrast to the flat panoramic views that characterized early eighteenth century perspectives of American cities, this pastoral approach gained ascendancy toward the end of the century. It represented a more picturesque approach to landscape painting, which would come to characterize topographical views in the nineteenth century.

Düring’s magnificent view most closely resembles an engraving of Philadelphia executed by the English engraver George Cooke. Cooke’s work, entitled “Philadelphia from the great Tree Kensington, under which Penn made his treaty with the Indians” is almost identical, and was certainly used by During as a model for his view. Published in 1812, Cooke’s view of Philadelphia was extremely popular and was widely available throughout Europe. It is highly conceivable that Düring came across this view and used it as a model for his charming painting. A true collector’s item, this magnificent view is not only a superb example of German landscape painting, but also a truly unique view of Philadelphia.

Fowble, Two Centuries of Prints in America, 1680-1880, p. 373, no. 258; Snyder, City of Independence, View of Philadelphia before 1800, p. 197-198, p. 224-248.

(#15243) $ 12,000

14 DÜRING, C.A. (American, fl. 1827).

Berg Vernon in Virginien (Mount Vernon in Virginia).

1827. Pen, watercolour and gouache on wove paper, with integral brown gouache border with ruled lines in black and white, signed, dated and titled beneath the image in white gouache in a calligraphic hand “Pinx[it]: C:A: Düring.1827. / Berg Vernon in Virginien”. (Old crease, some light surface damage). Sheet size: 18 7/8 x 23 7/8 inches; image size: 14 1/2 x 20 inches.

An image from the National subconscious: the home of the “father of our nation”

In this superb painting of Washington’s home, the German artist C. A. Düring has placed the house and out buildings at the centre of the picture, with the sweep of the Potomac River leading off into the hazy light of a perfect early summer evening in Virginia.

Unfortunately we have been unable to discover any information regarding the artist of this magnificent view of Virginia. Obviously a German artist, the view is typical of German topographical paintings produced in the first quarter of the nineteenth century. The heavy gray border and thick painterly technique was a tool used by artists across Germany, and was particularly favored by landscape painters, who used this artistic framing device to create a sense of depth in their work. This superb view is obviously from the hand of a professional artist whose exquisite technique and meticulous attention to detail is nothing short of breathtaking.

Düring’s work presents a popular view of Washington’s estate - now the most visited national monument in the country. It is evidently based on a print first published in London in 1800. This print (a hand-coloured aquatint, titled “Mount Vernon in Virginia /The Seat of the late Lieut. General George Washington”) was engraved by Francis Jukes (1747-1812) after a drawing by Alexander Robertson (1772-1841). It was issued in March 1800 in London (and July of the same year in New York) in response to Washington’s death in December of the previous year and proved very popular on both sides of the Atlantic: the image was used as a design source for numerous silk embroideries and watercolours as well as the present work. This magnificent view is not only a superb example of German landscape painting, but also a truly unique view of the Potomac, Mount Vernon and Virginia.

Cf. Fowble Two Centuries of Prints in America 1680-1880, p.89 (refers to the Jukes/Robertson aquatint).

(#20496) $ 12,500

15 EVANS, Lewis (c.1700-1756).

A General Map of the Middle British Colonies, in America; Viz Virginia, Mariland, Delaware, Pensilvania, New-Jersey, New-York, Connecticut, and Rhode Island: of Aquanishuonigy, the Country of the Confederate Indians ... of the Lakes Erie, Ontario, and Champlain, and of Part of New-France: Wherein is also shewn the antient and present seats of the Indian Nations.

Philadelphia: Printed by B. Franklin and D. Hall ... and sold by J. and R. Dodsley ..., 1755. Engraved map by James Turner after Lewis Evans, full period hand-colouring. Sheet size: 21 x 27 1/8 inches.

[With:] EVANS, Lewis. Geographical, Historical, Political, Philosophical and Mechanical Essays. The first, containing an analysis of a general map of the Middle British Colonies in America; and of the country of the confederate Indians: A description of the face of the country; the boundaries of the confederates; and the maritime and inland navigations of the several rivers and lakes contained therein ... The second edition. Philadelphia: B. Franklin and D. Hall ... and sold by J. and R. Dodsley, in Pall-Mall, London, 1755. Small 4to (9 3/8 x 7 1/2 inches). iv, 32pp. Expertly bound to style in half eighteenth century russia over period marbled paper covered boards.

One of the most important maps of the British colonies done prior to Independence, a landmark in American cartography and an important Franklin printing.

Lewis Evans’ map, titled “A General Map of the Middle British Colonies in America,” shows the east coast of North America from Montreal and New England to the northern border of North Carolina, and also includes the Ohio valley in the west. The Evans map appeared in 1755, the same year as John Mitchell’s famous map, with Evans drawing from his original surveys and Fry and Jefferson’s 1753 map of Virginia. Evans’s map acknowledges French claims to all lands northwest of St. Lawrence Fort, resulting in criticism from New York, notably the New York Mercury. Despite the controversy, Evans’s work was very popular (there were eighteen editions between 1755 and 1814), and was famously used by General Braddock during the French and Indian War.

In the text accompanying the map, printed by Benjamin Franklin’s press in Philadelphia, Evans gives a detailed geographical description of the middle and southern colonies, particularly notable for an early description of the Ohio country, and gives a good description of the Carolina back country. Evans was also eager for the British to expand into the South, especially West Florida, to challenge the French and Spanish in the Gulf.

The present example is a very fine, fully coloured example of the first state of the map, before the addition of the name “The Lakes Cataraqui” above Lake Ontario. Significantly, the present map is found here with lovely full period hand-colouring. Sabin notes that many copies of Evans’s tract do not include the map, and that only some copies are fully coloured, as is this copy. Miller adds that the map was sold separately from the book. On this second edition of the text, published the same year as the first, Miller notes: “This revised second edition of Evan’s analysis of his General Map of the Middle British Colonies is virtually a page-for- page resetting of the first edition with sub-titles added on pp. 6 and 11, and the numeral 2 inserted to the left of the signature on the directional line of the first two leaves of each quire in fours.”

“The map is considered by historians to be the most ambitious performance of its kind undertaken in America up to that time, and its publication was a milestone in the development of printing arts in the colonial period” (Schwartz & Ehrenberg). Miller 606; Campbell 543; Evans 7412; Sabin 23175; Howes E226; Church 1003; Wheat & Brun 298; Brown, Early Maps of the Ohio Valley 41; Cresswell ‘Colony to Commonwealth’ pp.53-54, 82; Degrees of Latitude 34; Garrison, Cartography of Pennsylvania, pp.269-274; Philadelphia: Three Centuries of American Art pp.64-67; Schwartz & Ehrenberg p.165; Stephenson & McKee, Virginia in Maps p.82; Suarez Shedding the Veil 57; The World Encompassed 255; Klinefelter, “Lewis Evans and his Maps” in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 61, no. 7 (1971); Stevens, Lewis Evans and His Map (London: 1905).

(#24908) $ 225,000 16 FADEN, William (1750-1836, publisher). - Charles ROBERTS and George GAULD (1732-1782) surveyors.

A Chart of the Gulf of Florida or New Bahama Channel, commonly called the Gulf Passage, between Florida, the Isle of Cuba, & the Bahama Islands: from the journals, observations and draughts of Mr. Chas. Roberts, master of the Rl. Navy, compared with the surveys of Mr. George Gauld &ca.

London: printed for W. Faden, 1 August 1794. Copper-engraved map, hand-coloured in outline. Good condition, with small neat repairs to fold and upper and lower margin, old light creasing. Sheet size: 24 x 30 1/4 inches.

A spectacular and rare sea-chart of southern Florida, the Keys, the north coast of Cuba and the Bahamas.

The British Admiralty assigned George Gauld, a Scots-born surveyor, the task of charting the difficult waters off the Gulf Coast of West Florida. Between 1764 and 1781 Gauld mapped an area that extended from New Orleans to the western coast of modern-day Florida. Recognizing the importance of his work to all those who travelled in the area, Gauld readily shared his work with scientific societies in America. During the Revolutionary War, Gauld was forced to suspend his work in the Dry Tortugas and Florida Keys due to attacks by American privateers, and in 1781, he was taken prisoner at the Siege of Pensacola. He was subsequently taken to Havana and then New York, before being repatriated to England, where he died shortly afterwards.

Cf. Ware, John D. George Gauld, Surveyor and Cartographer of the Gulf Coast (Gainesville, Fla.: Univ. of Florida, 1982).

(#20525) $ 22,500

17 FADEN, William (1750-1836).

A Plan of the Attack of Fort Sulivan, near Charles Town in South Carolina. by a Squadron of His Majesty’s Ships, on the 28th June 1776. with the Disposition of the King’s Land Forces, and the Encampments and Entrenchments of the Rebels from the Drawings made on the Spot.

London: Wm. Faden, August 10th, 1776. Copper-engraved map in excellent condition. Sheet size: 15 x 20 3/4 inches.

An extremely rare separately-issued Revolutionary War battle plan by William Faden, depicting a critical altercation near Charleston, South Carolina

This highly important and finely engraved map captures the dramatic action surrounding the British naval assault on Fort Sullivan (called here “Sulivan”), the strategic “key” to Charleston, the largest city and only port in the South. It is the third of five states of the map, which was the first Revolutionary battle plan to be drafted by William Faden. In the Spring of 1776, South Carolina had fallen into the firm possession of the Americans, a reality the British were determined to challenge. They dispatched a fleet of twenty ships (although only nine were armed) under Commodore Peter Parker, manned by marines, with the mission under the overall command of Maj. General Sir Henry Clinton. The ships moored in Five Fathom Hole, and landed on Long Island, which lay to the north of Sullivan’s Island. The British base, with the original positions of the British ships and with the regiment numbers of marine corps labeled and heightened in red is located towards the upper right of the map.

Meanwhile, practical considerations indicated that the Patriot defenders were in considerable trouble. Led by Col. William Moultrie, the Americans were short of experienced troops and ammunition. Fort Sullivan, located on the southern tip of the island of the same name had to be held, otherwise Charleston would surely fall. While the elegant plan of the fort, located in the inset at the upper left of the map, makes it appear to be a well designed bastion, it was in reality cobbled together with palmetto logs. The American or “Rebel” positions are heightened in blue, and the fort is shown connected to the mainland by an improvised bridge. Moultrie had a total of 1,125 men against the 2,900 British marines. More worryingly, the fort had only 26 guns, with only 28 rounds of ammunition per gun against the British fleet’s 270 well-stocked cannon.

Fortunately for the Americans, the British proceeded to make a series of strategic errors. Clinton, who relied on information given by harbour pilots who were press-ganged into service, spent days looking for a non- existent ford between Long and Sullivan’s Island, which in reality was prevented by the presence of a seven foot deep channel. This bought the Americans time, which allowed American Col. William Thomson to fortify the northern tip of the island, as indicated on the map.

On June 28th, the British mounted their full on naval assault of the fort, as indicated on the map by the ships shown grouped together just off of the fort, with each ship being named and detailed with its number of guns. Moultrie wisely rationed and synchronized the use of his limited firepower, such that the British met heavier than expected resistance. Unfamiliar with the tidal shoals that lay near the fort, the British ships were unable to sail in close enough to the fort to deliver lethal blows, while remaining in range of the American guns. Amazingly, many of the British rounds which did strike the fort were harmlessly absorbed into the structure’s spongy palmetto logs. The British flagship HMS Bristol took heavy losses, and another ship ran aground and had to be abandoned. Another British attempt to storm Thomson’s northern positions with a raid by long boats was easily repelled. The British were forced to completely withdraw, and promptly set sail for New York. Guthorn, British Maps of the American Revolution, 145/25; Nebenzahl, Atlas of the American Revolution, map 8, p.60; Nebenzahl, A Bibliography of Printed Battle Plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 66; Stevens & Tree, “Comparative Cartography,” 14(c), in Tooley, The Mapping of America

(#21605) $ 15,000 18 GASCOIGNE, John & William FADEN (1750-1836).

A Plan of Port Royal in South Carolina. Survey’d by Capn. John Gascoigne.

London: Jefferys & Faden, [1776]. Copper-engraved sea chart, in excellent condition, on a full untrimmed sheet. Sheet size: 32 1/2 x 25 2/3 inches.

A very rare and highly detailed sea chart, the most important map of South Carolina’s Port Royal Sound and Hilton Head made in the early days of the Revolutionary War, in the first state

This very finely engraved and immensely detailed chart was superior to all other maps printed of the region, and the most important portrayal of the Port Royal Sound available in the early days of the Revolutionary War. The map embraces today’s Beaufort County, with the Sound’s excellent natural harbour, formed by the numerous Sea Islands, which are separated from each other by an elaborate web of tidal channels. The Broad River enters from the north, and the sound is bordered by Port Royal, Parris, and Trench’s (Hilton Head) Island, and Lady’s and Saint Helena Islands. In the upper-centre of the image is the town of Beaufort, and numerous plantations are individually labeled.

This sea chart was one of the most detailed and accurate of any such map of the American coastline. The immense detail of the hydrography was the result of surveys conducted by Captain John Gascoigne, assisted by his brother James. In 1728, aboard the HMS Alborough, he employed the most sophisticated and modern techniques with exacting attention to detail to produce a manuscript chart. The next year, this chart was altered by Francis Swaine, and it would appear that Swaine’s manuscript, or a close copy of it, found its way to the London workshop of William Faden. Faden, the successor to the great Thomas Jefferys, was already one of Britain’s leading cartographers and this map, present here in the first state, although undated, was printed in 1776.

The Port Royal Sound region has one of the most diverse and fascinating histories of any part of the American South. The region was originally the domain of the Yamasee native tribe, and was known to Europeans since 1521, when it was encountered by a Spanish expedition led by Francisco Cordillo. In 1562, Jean Ribaut led a party of Huguenot colonists to found Charlesfort on Parris Island. The French presence soon proved too close for comfort for the Spanish, who had established a base at St. Augustine in 1565. The Spanish commander, Pedro Ménendez de Avilés succeeded in crushing the French colony, establishing his own outpost of Santa Elena nearby in 1566. Santa Elena became the capital of Spanish Florida and an important Jesuit mission that sought to convert the natives to Christianity. It was finally abandoned in 1587. For a brief period in the 1680s, the area was also home to a Stuart Town, the first Scottish settlement in the Americas. In 1663, Captain William Hilton, sailing from the Barbados in the Adventure, conducted a reconnaissance of the region, newly claimed by England. It was on this trip that he named “Hilton Head” after himself. In the 1670s, the first governor of Carolina, William Sayle led a party of Bermudian colonists to found the town of Port Royal. The English settlement of the region proved to be successful and enduring, and what was to become the most important town in the region, Beaufort, was founded in 1710.

This chart was the finest and most detailed map available in the early days of the Revolutionary War, and would most certainly have been used by commanders in formulating their battle plans. This is significant, as Port Royal Sound was one of the South’s finest harbours, both sides in the conflict believed that possession of the area was of great strategic importance. Early in the war, the region had fallen under the control of the American patriots, however, in December, 1778 the British seized control of nearby Savannah, Georgia. As the new year of 1779 dawned, the British commander there, General Augustin Prevost was determined to further his gains. Taking advantage of Britain’s naval superiority, Prevost dispatched the HMS George Germaine with 200 marines aboard, commanded by Major Valentine Gardiner. On February 1st, they first engaged American forces at Hilton Head, who then decided to strategically withdraw up the Broad River, with the British in close pursuit. A fierce battle occurred at Bull’s Plantation, forcing the Americans to retreat to the shelter of the surrounding forested swamps. Emboldened by his success, on February 2nd, Gardiner decided to attack Beaufort, which was defended by General William Moultrie. A pitched battle ensued, in which Moultrie managed to disable some of the British guns, which neutralized the British advantage. The next day, Gardiner was forced to retreat with heavy losses. On September 24th of the same year, in what was to become known the Battle of Hilton Head, three British ships were set upon by a trio of French ships, allied to the American cause. After a dramatic chase and intense exchange of cannon fire, the principal British ship, the HMS Experiment, was forced to surrender. The area remained an important base for the American cause, and although the British conducted isolated raids along the coast, it remained in the possession the American forces until the end of the war.

Sellers & Van Ee, Maps & Charts of North America & the West Indies, 1529; Steven & Tree, “Comparative Cartography,” in Tooley, The Mapping of America, 71(a). Cf. Cumming, British Maps of Colonial America, pp.47-49 and The Southeast in Early Maps, 204

(#19684) $ 7,000 19 GASCOIGNE, John and William FADEN (1750-1836).

A Plan of the River and Sound of D’Awfoskee, in South Carolina, Survey’d by Captain John Gascoigne.

London. Sheet size: 30 x 21 3/4 inches.

A very rare and highly important sea chart of South Carolina’s Hilton Head area, made towards the beginning of the Revolutionary War, in the first state

This finely engraved map was the finest sea chart of the area available in the early days of the Revolutionary War, and most certainly would have played an important role in the development of strategies by various commanders. It embraces the coastal region of South Carolina, from Port Royal Sound in the north, down past the mouth of the Savannah River and Tybee Island, Georgia, in the south. Prominently featured is Hilton Head Island (called “Trench’s Island”) and “D’Awfoskee Sound,” which is today known as Calibogue Sound. The old name survives on “D’Awfoskee Island,” but now spelled Daufauskie, located at the centre of the map.

The region has one of the most varied and fascinating histories of any in the American South. Originally inhabited by the Yamassee native tribe, the area first came to the attention of Europeans during the expedition of Francisco Cordillo in 1521. Parris Island, located in Port Royal Sound, in the upper part of the map, was home to two early settlements. In 1562, Jean Ribaut founded a Huguenot settlement, Charlesfort, but the Spaniards did not tolerate its presence and destroyed it in short order. The Spaniards then founded their own fort and Jesuit mission, Santa Elena, nearby in 1566. In 1661, the English formally staked claim to the region, naming it Carolina after Charles II. In 1663, Captain William Hilton sailed from Barbados aboard the Adventure, on a reconnaissance mission to explore his country’s new claims. It was then that he encountered a beautiful island, featuring a prominent sandy cape, which he named “Hilton Head.” Once ashore, he remarked that the island was blessed with “sweet water” and “clear sweet air.” English settlers arrived in the region in the 1670s, but it was not until 1717 that the first Englishman, Col. John Barnwell settled on Hilton Head, having been given a grant of 100 acres in the northwest corner of the island. In the eighteenth-century, the region enjoyed a very successful economy based on plantations and maritime trade, although it was under threat from attacks by both the Spanish and pirates, most notoriously “Blackbeard.”

This sea chart was one of the most detailed and accurate of any of the American coastline. The immense detail of the hydrography was the result of surveys conducted by Captain John Gascoigne, assisted by his brother James. In 1728, aboard the HMS Alborough he employed the most sophisticated and modern techniques with exacting attention to detail to produce a manuscript chart. The next year, this chart was altered by Francis Swaine, and it would appear that Swaine’s manuscript, or a close copy of it, found its way to the London workshop of William Faden. Faden, the successor to the great Thomas Jefferys, adapted this map from a section of Swaine’s manuscript, and the present first state was printed in 1776.

During the American Revolution, this area was an active military theatre. At the outbreak of the war, Hilton Head and most other areas sided with the Americans, however Daufauskie Island fell under British control. Britain’s superior naval power allowed its ships to conduct frequent raids along the coast for the duration of the war, however the real threat to the American cause came in December, 1778, when British General Augustin Prevost seized Savannah, determined to use it as a base for further operations. The following February, he dispatched a team of marines to take control of Port Royal Sound. They initially engaged the Americans at Hilton Head before proceeding further up Port Royal Sound. However, the invasion was ultimately repelled by Gen. William Moultrie at Beaufort. On September 24th of the same year, in what was to become known the Battle of Hilton Head, three British ships were set upon by a trio of French ships allied to the American cause. After a dramatic chase and an intense exchange of cannon fire, the principal British ship, the HMS Experiment, was forced to surrender.

Sellers & Van Ee, Maps & Charts of North America & the West Indies, 1525; Stevens & Tree, “Comparative Cartography,” in Tooley, The Mapping of America, 16 (a); Cf. Cumming, British Maps of Colonial America, pp.47-49 and The Southeast in Early Maps, 204

(#19763) $ 7,000 20 HAWKES, W.

The Country Twenty Five Miles round New York, Drawn by a Gentleman from that City.

London: R. Sayer & J. Bennett, January 1st, 1777. Copper-engraved map by J. Barber, with original outline colour, on laid paper watermarked ‘LVG’. Sheet size: 24 5/8 x 19 1/2 inches.

An extremely rare map, a broadside that captures the dramatic events that were unfolding in the New York theatre of the Revolutionary War

This exceptionally rare map is a highly important historical document of Britain’s New York campaign, conducted in 1776, the first full year of the Revolutionary War. It was printed as a broadside to inform the British public about the exciting news from across the Atlantic. The survival rate of broadsides is extremely low, and this example is exceptional in that it has survived in remarkably excellent condition. This work would have been one of the most effective communication tools of the time, as it pictorially represented the geography of the theatre of events, and explained the principal aspects of the conflict in a clear and concise manner. The present example is the third of four issues of this map, and as it deals with a story in progress, each new edition was updated from the former. The finely engraved map is centered on the city of New York, located on the southern tip of Manhattan Island. A series of concentric circles, each at five mile intervals, radiate from this epicenter. The map embraces the area as far north as the Tappan Zee, as far south as the Shrewsbury River in Monmouth County, New Jersey, as far west as Parsippany, New Jersey, and as far east as Hampstead, Long Island. Outlined beautifully in original colour, the map features all major towns, country churches and battle sites, indicated with pictorial symbols, and delineates all of the important roads. In essence, the map encompasses the entire theater of the New York campaign, featuring all of the geographical information an informed reader would need to know in order to place war news in its proper context.

Beneath the map is the “Chronological Table of the Most Interesting Occurences since the Commencement of Hostilities in North America,” which begins with the mention of what would later be known as the Boston Tea Party on December 16th, 1773. It proceeds to recount the early events of the war itself, most notably the Battle of Bunker Hill outside of Boston (June 17th, 1775) and the British evacuation of that city after a year-long siege on March 7th, 1776. The list of events is expressed in a professional manner, referring to the British respectfully as “His Majesty’s” forces and the Americans as the “Provincials.” While reading through the events up into the summer of 1776 it would seem that providence was not on the British side, a point underscored by the notation on July 4th, 1776 which reads “continental congress declares the United States of America Independent”. This impression is accurate, as the British had been effectively driven out of the Thirteen Colonies. If “His Majesty’s” forces wished to take war to the Americans, they would have to act with great speed and force. As one follows the events from mid-July as it turned into August, one notices that such a reprise was in the works. A massive force of 88 ships and 34,000 troops congregated on and around Staten Island under the overall command of General Sir William Howe. As noted on the map itself, the British landed at Gravesend Bay, Brooklyn on August 22nd, and the note on the 27th that reads “the Provincials defeated” could not have been a greater understatement. This refers to the Battle of Long Island, the largest altercation of the entire war, in which the British decisively defeated the Americans, forcing them to abandon the island for Manhattan. The note after September 11th, which mentions the “conference” between the British command and a “Deputation” of Americans, refers to a meeting in which an American embassy under Benjamin Franklin rejected British terms for ending hostilities following the American defeat in Brooklyn. This set the stage for the successful British invasion of Manhattan. While that island was not fully secured by the British until November, 1776, it became the principal British base, remaining in their possession for the duration of the war. In addition to the fascinating chronological table, the text section provides a great deal of fascinating and historically important information. There is the “Alphabetical Table of the Principal Towns in North America and their Distance from New York,” and a table listing the population statistics of the various American colonies, which notes that New York province then had an estimated 250,000 inhabitants. The right-hand column features information regarding the command structure, troop-strength, and the general disbursement of both the British and American forces, which placed information that would have frequently appeared in the newspapers in a coherent and orderly context. Hawkes, who took over the business of the esteemed cartographer Thomas Kitchin, likely intended this work to be purchased by members of the country’s wealthy merchant class whose financial concerns were greatly mitigated by the conflict. This point is supported by its issue price of “One Shilling,” a considerable sum at the time for a single printed sheet. This fine work is not only an attractive and scarce cartographic object, but an extremely important document relating to the history of the Revolutionary War and the development of the media and war reporting in the eighteenth-century.

Guthorn, British Maps of the American Revolution, 146/1; Sellers & Van Ee, Maps & Charts of North America & West Indies, 1096; Steven & Tree, “Comparative Cartography,” 43(c), in Tooley, The Mapping of America

(#19729) $ 37,500 21 HEATHER, William (1764-1812); and John William NORIE (1772-1843).

To the Independent Mariners of America, this Chart of their Coast from Savannah to Boston Is most Respectfully Dedicated.

London: Wm. Heather at the Navigation Warehouse, No. 157 Leadenhall Street, 5 March 1795. Blue paper-backed sea chart, drawn by John William Norie and engraved by John Stephenson, printed on two sheets joined, original blue paper backing (light vertical creases with minor abrasions). Sheet size: 25 3/4 x 63 inches.

Among Heather’s earliest separately-issued blue-back charts of the American coast extending from Georgia to New Hampshire.

For most of the eighteenth century, charts were sold bound in atlases. This greatly restricted their size and utility on board ship. As marine survey techniques became more accurate and it became worthwhile plotting on charts and solving navigational problems, charts needed to be laid flat on a table, which made bound charts impractical. After 1800, most commercial charts were sold loose. Their size increased dramatically, and they were backed with blue paper for strength (hence the term “blue back” chart). It was blue backs which were used by the British merchant ships all over the world in the great mercantile expansion of the nineteenth century.

William Heather, one of the leading commercial marine publishers of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, was a leader in the shift from bound charts to oversized blue backs. Active from 1793 to 1812, his earliest productions were for the European coasting trade, but he soon moved on to charts for the rich commercial markets of North America and Asia. “Heather’s own charts had a distinctive clear house style with the titles in elaborate decorative scripts set in a simple circular frame” (Fisher).

This map was drawn by John William Norie, and is among the earliest examples of his navigational productions. Norie was a mathematician, hydrographer, chartmaker and publisher of nautical books. His most famous work was the Epitome of Practical Navigation (1805), which became the standard work on navigation and went through numerous editions. “In 1795 he drew his first chart for Heather ... and by 1796 he was teaching navigation at Leadenhall Street and was part of Heather’s establishment ... he and Heather shared the work of drawing charts for the firm between them” (Fisher). The cartographic source for this chart is believed to have been from the surveys of Samuel Holland, as well as those by Des Barres for his Atlantic Neptune. The mapping of the coast is extremely detailed, depicting the numerous bays, inlets, and barrier islands, with soundings throughout. The highly decorative map is oriented with north to the northeast so that the coast runs horizontally across the top of the map, with intersecting rhumb lines below and a central cartouche signed in print by Heather at the bottom of the map. Following Heather’s death, Norie took over the Naval Warehouse renaming the company J.W. Norie and Company in 1813, which subsequently became Norie and Wilson, and later Imray, Laurie, Norie & Wilson.

The desirability of 18th century blue back sea charts is enhanced by their great scarcity due to their ephemeral nature: they were easily damaged on board ship and were frequently destroyed when updated charts were issued. The present map was re-issued by Norie later in the 19th century following Heather’s death, but the present 18th-century first issue is excessively rare. We find no institutional holdings in North America of this 1795 first issue and only two copies of what appears to be the second issue dated 1799 (New York Public Library and Harvard). No copies of this map appear in the Map Price Record.

Fisher, The Makers of the Blueback Charts, pp. 74-83.

(#24872) $ 9,500

22 HOLME, Thomas (1624-1695).

A Mapp of Ye Improved Part of Pensilvania in America Divided into Countyes Townshipps and Lotts. .

[London]: “Surveyed by Tho: Holme Sold by P. Lea at ye Atlas and Hercules in Cheapside”, [ca.1688]. Copper engraving, hand-coloured in outline. Inset plan of The City of Philadelphia two miles in Length and one in Breadth at upper center. Tables of References to the Settlements of the Inhabitants of Chester and Bucks counties at upper left and right. Dedication to “William Penn Esq. Proprietor and Governor of Pennsylvania by J. Harris” at upper right. 112 numbered and lettered references in Chester County, 29 numbered references in Bucks County, 36 numbered and lettered references in Philadelphia County, and hundreds of land holders identified on the map itself. Sheet size: 20½ x 24 inches.

Very rare: the first issue of Holme’s map of Pennsylvania -- the first map of Pennsylvania. This copy a superb example with contemporary outline colour and wide margins.

Thomas Holme was appointed Surveyor General of Pennsylvania by William Penn in April 1682, the year after the colony was chartered. It was his responsibility to supervise the surveying of all tracts of land that had been sold. In May 1687, at Penn’s request, he forwarded a manuscript map in London that gave a detailed portrait of the extent of settlement at that date. “This was published first as a very large and later as a smaller engraving. In both, the grid plan of the city was carefully inserted in recognition of the fact that Philadelphia was the focal point and that the city plan had strong sales value in all promotion of the province generally” (Snyder).

The manuscript survey was published as a six-sheet wall map in late 1687, of which only a handful of copies have survived. The present version, finely engraved by John Harris, was published by Philip Lea shortly thereafter. Although reduced in size from the wall map, the engraver maintained the extraordinary detail. Virtually every first purchaser is identified, either on the map itself or via the numbered and lettered references. The present copy is the rare first state of the map, issued by P. Lea sometime between 1687 and 1699 (though likely circa 1688 as the map was an integral part of William Penn’s promotion of his tract). On the later states, Lea’s imprint has been erased from the plate and another imprint added at the lower left on the New Jersey side of the Delaware River.

The map is the most detailed and complete for any English American colony of the seventeenth century. Penn intended the map for promotional purposes, and it shows the boundaries and names the owner of every settled tract in the colony. The plan of Philadelphia at upper center is taken from Holme’s original survey map of 1682, from which the city was laid out. Holme’s was the first map of Philadelphia, and in its printed form, the first obtainable for any English American city.

“Without question the finest printed cartographic document relating to North America to be published to date” (Burden).

Degrees of Latitude, 71; Burden, The Mapping of North America II: 669; Corcoran, Thomas Holme, 1624-1695 (Philadelphia: 1992); Hough, “Captain Thomas Holme” in PMHB vol. 19; Klinefelter, “Surveyor General Thomas Holme’s ‘Map of the Improved Part of the Province of Pennsilvania’” in Winterthur Portfolio, vol. 6; Phillips, A List of Maps of America, p. 670; Snyder, COI 7A; Schwartz & Ehrenberg, Mapping of America p.121 (first issue); Stevens & Tree, “Comparative Cartography” 68b, in Tooley, The Mapping of America; Streeter Sale 945 (first issue); Deak 72

(#24882) $ 62,500

23 HOLME, Thomas. (1624 - 95).

Afteykeninge van de Stadt Philadelphia in de Provinstie van Penn-Sylvania in Americae na de Copie tot London.

Amsterdam: Jacob Claus, 1684. Engraved folding map. Sheet size: 10 x 13 3/4 inches. Provenance: Martin P. Snyder.

Rare, Dutch edition of Holme’s plan of Philadelphia, and the first printed map to “depict an English colonial North American town” (Burden)

“...[A] green country town, which will never be burnt, and always be wholesome.” These words, written by William Penn, were part of his directive to his commissioners and Surveyor-General, Captain Thomas Holme, and they were the basis of the plan they laid out for the city to be, Philadelphia, in 1682.

Among the earliest examples of city planning, William Penn’s square grid of the city was surveyed and drafted in Philadelphia. Intended to reflect and incite orderliness and to ease the dividing of lots, the plan was also projected to thwart the destruction of fires by laying wide streets at right angles and even discourage the spread of contagious disease. (Penn had witnessed the Plague of 1665 and the Great Fire of London in 1666). Holme’s engraved plan was first published as the frontispiece to Penn’s promotional tract, “ A Letter to the Committee of the Free Society of Traders in London” in 1683.

Benjamin Furly, a Quaker trader in Rotterdam and owner of 4,000 acres in Pennsylvania, represented Penn’s interests on the continent. Doubtless it was through him that a Dutch edition of Penn’s letter promoting his colony was promptly printed in Amsterdam. With the reprinting of the letter came a new engraved plan of the Philadelphia city grid prepared from Thomas Holme’s “Portraiture”. The new plan was by no means an exact copy of the original engraved in London. It contained many improvements, and was a more finished work throughout (Snyder, COI).

It is generally assumed that the Dutch version of Holme’s plan is more rare due to the smaller circulation of the promotional tract. Referring to Holme’s plan, Burden writes, “The printed map is the first to depict an English colonial North American town and is of considerable importance.”

Set where the Schuykill and Delaware Rivers are roughly parallel, Philadelphia was designed according to rather humane ideals, and not simply to maximize profits. Large blocks and wide streets in an easily navigated grid gave individuals a sense of freedom and community, freedom from the tension induced by overcrowding. There was a large central square intended to serve as the religious and governmental heart of the city, and large accessible parks. The framework of the plan allowed for subdivision and growth. Philadelphia was the fastest growing city in Colonial America in the 18th century.

Thomas Holme was an Englishman, who fought in Ireland under Cromwell and settling there, joined the Society of Friends. A long friendship with William Penn led to his being appointed Surveyor- General of Pennsylvania.

Burden 581 (see also 557); Phillips, Descriptive List of Maps and Views of Philadelphia 145; Snyder, COI 2 (this copy illustrated as Fig. 2).

(#21366) $ 27,500

24 HONDIUS, Henricus (1597-1651).

America Septentrionalis.

Amsterdam: Jansson, [1641]. Copper-engraved map, full period hand-colouring. Sheet size: 19 1/4 x 23 inches.

Hondius’ important map of North America, here with full period hand colouring.

“Henricus Hondius’ beautifully engraved map of North America had greater influence than any other to date in perpetuating the theory of California as an island ... Cartographically, this map is a careful composition of many different sources and illustrates well the current state of knowledge” (Burden).

The mapping of the East coast of America is striking given the early date of the map. Fort Orange, the primary trading post on the Hudson (North River then), later to be Albany, is located. Further south, from the Chesapeake through the Gulf the map shows the benefits of the work of de Laet and Hessel Gerritz. In the north, the greatly mis-located Hudson’s Bay includes recent discoveries by Thomas James, who explored the west coast of the Bay, in search of a westward passage in 1633.

Henricus Hondius was the son of the engraver and mapmaker Jodocus Hondius. Henricus continued the family’s cartographical business in partnership with Jan Jansson, his brother-in-law. Mapmaking was more often than not a family enterprise in Amsterdam and in Paris in the 17th century. The firm was active under one family member or another for nearly the entire 17th century. This was the period of Dutch supremacy at sea, when, having supplanted the Portuguese in India, central Africa and northeastern Brazil, the Dutch were the prime carriers of spices, silks, furs, tobacco, sugar and slaves. It was not in the nature of things that this predominance could last very long, if only because the Netherlands is a very small country. But until the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 1660s and 70s, the Dutch were supreme, and the making of maps was a form of nationalistic journalism.

First issued in 1636, the map appeared unchanged in various editions of the Hondius/Jansson atlas throughout much of the century. This copy an example of Burden’s second state, with Jansson’s imprint added.

Burden, The Mapping of North America 245 (state 2); McLaughlin, The Mapping of California as an Island 6; Goss, The Mapping of North America 30; McCorkle, America Emergent 13; Tooley, “California as an Island,” 311 in Tooley,The Mapping of America; Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast of America 330, Lowery 128

(#25657) $ 3,750

25 JAILLOT, Alexis-Hubert (1632-1712).

Amerique Septentrionale divisée en ses Principales Parties, ou sont distingués les uns des autres les Estats suivant qu;ils appartiennent presentemet aux François, Castillans, Anglois, Suedois, Danois, Hollandois.

Paris: [“1695” in ink] . Copper-engraved by Cordier, period hand-colouring in outline. Sheet size: 21 1/4 x 28 inches.

Beautifully engraved map of North America, here in the rare first state, with California as an island.

Although similarly titled to Jaillot’s earlier map of 1674, this map is on a slightly smaller scale. Like Jaillot’s earlier map, however, it is beautifully engraved and based on the mappings by Sanson. “The attractive title cartouche engraved by C. Simmoneau is adorned with two tropical birds” (Burden).

Although Burden cites the first issue as having no date in the top right cartouche enclosing the scale of miles, close inspection reveals the date to have been abraided off. On the present copy, which includes a contemporary manuscript dating of 1695 in the title cartouche, the date “16 - -” appears in the upper right cartouche, with the terminal digits abraided off. Subsequent issues would add a title below Jaillot’s name and amend the mapping of the region to reflect changing boundaries and the creation of colonies. The map would be reissued with such changes until the end of the 18th century. The first and early issues, however, are scarce.

Burden, The Mapping of North America II: 709; McLaughlin, The Mapping of California as an Island 101; McCorkle, New England in Early Printed Maps 695.5; Tooley, “California as an Island,” 38 in Tooley, The Mapping of America.

(#25762) $ 3,750

26 JEFFERYS, Thomas (1719-1771).

The American Atlas; or, a Geographical Description of the Whole Continent of America; Wherein are Delineated at Large its Several Regions, Countries, States, and Islands; and Chiefly the British Colonies ...

London: Printed and Published by Robert Laurie and James Whittle ... (Successors to the Late Mr. Robert Sayer), 1794. Folio (21 1/2 x 15 1/4 inches). Mounted on guards throughout. Letterpress title with publisher’s overslip (verso blank), 1p.letterpress Index to the Maps (verso blank), otherwise engraved throughout. 23 engraved maps, on 30 sheets, all with period hand-colouring in outline. Expertly bound to style in half eighteenth century russia over period marbled paper covered boards, spine with raised bands in seven compartments, red morocco lettering piece in the second, the others with a repeat decoration in gilt.

A very rare issue of the American Atlas, the most important 18th century atlas for America. Walter Ristow describes it as a “geographical description of the whole continent of America, as portrayed in the best available maps in the latter half of the eighteenth century ... as a major cartographic reference work it was, very likely, consulted by American, English, and French civilian administrators and military officers during the Revolution.”

As a collection, the American Atlas stands as the most comprehensive, detailed and accurate survey of the American colonies at the beginning of the Revolution. Among the distinguished maps are; Braddock Meade’s A Map of the Most Inhabited Parts of New England, the largest and most detailed map of New England that had yet been published; a map of The Provinces of New York and New Jersey by Samuel Holland, the Surveyor general for the northern American colonies; William Scull’s A Map of Pennsylvania, the first map of that colony to include its western frontier; Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson’s A Map of the Most Inhabited part of Virginia, the best colonial map for the Chesapeake region; and Lt. Ross’s Course of the Mississipi, the first map of that river based on English sources.

Jefferys was the leading English cartographer of the 18th century. From about 1750, he published a series of maps of the English American colonies, that were among the most significant produced in the period. As Geographer to the Prince of Wales, and after 1761, Geographer to the King, Jefferys was well placed to have access to the best surveys conducted in America, and many of his maps held the status of “official work.” Jefferys died on 20th November 1771, and in 1775, his successors, Robert Sayer and John Bennett, gathered these separately-issued maps together and republished them in book form as The American Atlas. Following Sayer’s death, the plates were inherited by Laurie and Whittle, who re-issued the atlas with some interesting additions and changes. The present 1794 issue is particularly rare, and includes unrecorded or intermediate states of several maps.

The maps are as follows. Many of the maps are on several sheets, and in the Index, each individual sheet is numbered, the measurements refer to the image sizes.)

1-3. Braddock Meade (alias John Green). A Chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. “Publish’d ... 21st June 1790, by Robert Sayer”. Six sheets joined into three folding sheets. This issue not listed by Stevens & Tree, but see 4 for earlier issues. This great wall map was chiefly issued to expose the errors in Delisle and Buache’s map of the Pacific Northwest, published in Paris in 1752.

4. Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg. The Russian Discoveries. Published ... March 2d 1775. One double- page sheet.

5-6. Bowen, E. and John Gibson. A New and Correct Map of North America, and the West India Islands. Divided according to the Preliminary Articles of Peace ... wherein are particularly distinguished the United States ... Corrected from the Original Materials of Governr. Pownall. Printed for Robt. Sayer ... August 15th 1786. Four sheets joined into two folding sheets. Stevens & Tree 49 (j). Pownall’s map, a later issue of the updated version that took into account the results of the Versailles peace treaty of January 1783.

7. Robert Sayer. The United States of North America with the British Possessions of Canada ... also the Spanish Territories of Louisiana and Florida. Printed for Robert Sayer ... 1st January 1790. Double-page. Intermediate issue, not listed by Stevens & Tree, but see 51 (d) and (e), for an earlier and later issues. It is interesting to note that the American flag surmounting the cartouche contains just 13 stars - Vermont did not join the Federal Union until 1791.

8. Samuel Dunn. A New Map of the United States of North America. Printed for Robt. Sayer ...10 June 1786 . Single sheet. Stevens & Tree 53 (d).

9. Thomas Jefferys. An Exact Chart of the River St. Laurence from Fort Frontenac to the Island of Anticosti. Printed for Robt. Sayer... 25 May 1775. Two sheets joined into one folding sheet. Stevens & Tree 76 (d).

10. Sayer & Bennett. A Chart of the Gulf of St. Laurence. Printed for & Sold by Robert Sayer ... 1 August 1786. Double-page.

11. A Map of the Island of St. John in the Gulf of St. Laurence. Printed for Robt. Sayer ... [No date]. Double- page.

12. James Cook & Michael Lane. A General Chart of the Island of Newfoundland. Published ... 10th May 1775 By Thomas Jefferys ... Printed for Robt. Sayer. Double-page.

13. A Chart of the Banks of Newfoundland. Printed for & Sold by Robt. Sayer ... 26th March 1787. Double- page. Based on the surveys of James Cook, Chabert and Fleurieu.

14. Braddock Meade (alias John Green.) A New Map of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island with the Adjacent Parts of New England and Canada. Printed & Sold by R. Sayer ... 1 Augt. 1786. Double-page. Stevens & Tree 66 (k). Originally published in 1755, at the beginning of the French and Indian War, this map “proved to be important in evaluating respective French and English claims to this part of North America” (Ristow). England gained sole possession of the region by the Treaty of Paris, 1763.

15-16. Braddock Meade (alias John Green.) A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of New England. Publish’d 12 May 1794 by Laurie & Whittle. Four sheets joined into two folding sheets. Stevens & Tree 33 (f). The first large-scale map of New England. “The most detailed and informative pre-Revolutionary map of New England ... not really supplanted until the nineteenth century” (New England Prospect, 13).

17. Capt. [Samuel] Holland. The Provinces of New York and New Jersey, with Part of Pensilvania. Printed for Robt. Sayer & John Bennett 17 Augt. 1776. Three insets: A plan of the City of New York, A chart of the Mouth of Hudson’s River, and A Plan of Amboy. Two sheets joined to form one folding sheet. Stevens & Tree 44 (e). An important large-scale map of the Provinces of New York and New Jersey, by Samuel Holland, Surveyor General for the Northern English colonies. With fine insets including a street plan of colonial New York City.

18. Brassier. A Survey of Lake Champlain. Printed for Robert Sayer ... 1 Jany. 1788. Double-page. An intermediate issue not listed by Stevens & Tree, but see Stevens & Tree 25 (b) and 25 (c) for ealier and later issues. Like Stevens & Tree 25 (c) this issue has the title in a cartouche and added noted re. Lake Champlain.

19. Carver. A New and Correct Map of the Province of Quebec. Printed for Robert Sayer ... 1 Jan. 1788. Double-page. Stevens & Tree 73 (b).

20. William Scull. A Map of Pennsylvania Exhibiting not only the Improved Parts of the Province but also its Extensive Frontiers. Printed for Robt. Sayer & J. Bennett ... Published ... 10 June 1775. Two sheets joined to form one folding sheet. The first map of the Province of Pennsylvania to include its western frontier. All earlier maps had focused solely on the settled eastern parts of the colony.

21-22. Joshua Fry & Peter Jefferson. A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of Virginia, containing the Whole Province of Maryland ... Drawn by Joshua Fry & Peter Jefferson in 1775 [sic]. Printed for Robt. Sayer, [no date]. Four sheets joined into two folding sheets. An intermediate issue not listed by Stevens & Tree, but see Stevens & Tree 87 (f) and 87 (g) for issues printed before and afterwards. “The basic cartographical document of Virginia in the eighteenth century ... the first to depict accurately the interior regions of Virginia beyond the Tidewater. [It] dominated the cartographical representation of Virginia until the nineteenth century” (Verner.)

23-24. Henry Mouzon. An Accurate Map of North and South Carolina with their Indian Frontiers. Published by Laurie & Whittle ... 12th May 1794. Four sheets joined into two folding sheets. Stevens & Tree 11 (b). “The chief type map for [the Carolinas] during the forty or fifty years following its publication. It was used by both British and American forces during the Revolutionary War” (Cumming, 450.)

25. Thomas Jefferys. The Coast of West Florida and Loisiana ... The Peninsula and Gulf of Florida. [Imprint indistinct, but dated 1775]. Two sheets joined into one folding sheet. Cf. Stevens & Tree 26 (b). The imprint is indistinct but the date allied with the presence of the name Bay of Spiritu Santo, both suggest Stevens & Tree 26 (b). A large-scale map of Florida, based upon the extensive surveys conducted since the region became an English possession by the Treaty of Paris (1763).

26. Lt. Ross. Course of the Mississipi ... Taken on an Expedition to the Illinois, in the latter end of the Year 1765. Published by Laurie & Whittle ... 12th May 1794. Two sheet joined into one olding sheet. Stevens & Tree 31 (c). The first large-scale map of the Mississippi River, and the first based in whole or part upon English surveys.

27. Thomas Jefferys. The Bay of Honduras. Printed for Robt. Sayer ... 20 Feby. 1775. Double-page.

28-29. J.B.B. D’Anville. A Map of South America .... Printed for Robert Sayer ... July the 1st 1787. Four sheets joined into two folding sheets.

30. Cruz Cano [etc.]. A Chart of the Straits of Magellan. Printed for R. Sayer and J. Bennett ... 1st July 1775. Double-page.

Howes J-81; Phillips Atlases 1165; Sabin 35953 (refers, he had not seen the 1775); Streeter Sale I, 72; cf. Walter Ristow (editor) Thomas Jefferys The American Atlas London 1776, facsimile edition, Amsterdam 1974.

(#24644) $ 125,000 27 KEULEN, Johannes van (1654-1715) and Claes Janszoon VOOGHT (d. 1696). .

Pas-kaart van de Golff van Mexico.

Amsterdam: Johannes Van Keulen, [1687]. Copper-engraved map, period hand-colouring. Inset of the waters near Vera Cruz. (Expert restoration at sheet edges). Sheet size: 20 7/8 x 24 inches.

Van Keulen’s scarce 17th century chart of the western Gulf of Mexico, oriented with west to the north.

Van Keulen’s rare chart of the western portion of the Gulf of Mexico “covers the coastline from the panhandle of present day Florida around to the Yucatan peninsula. The main feature of this map is its originality of form. It is the first sea chart of the western portion of the Gulf of Mexico detailing the coastal waters of present-day Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas. The geography is largely derived from the exceedingly rare Hessel Gerritz chart of c. 1631” (Burden). As expected, most of the toponyms are Spanish and the mouth of the Mississippi is labelled Baja de Spirito Sancto. Oriented to the west, “it represented the most sophisticated rendering of the coast then available” (Martin & Martin).

The Van Keulen family were chart and instrument makers, and publishers of nautical textbooks, books on sea law, shipbuilding, almanacs and more. Founded by Joannes van Keulen (c.1654-1715), the firm remained in business for over 200 years. For the publication of his Zee-Fakkel, Keulen retained geographer and mathematician Claes Janszoon Vooght.

Burden’s second state, with the page number “14” added to the lower left corner, but before later additions and re-engravings.

Burden, The Mapping of North America II: 592; Martin & Martin, Maps of Texas and the Southwest p. 85, plate 11.

(#25772) $ 5,750 28 KEULEN, Johannes van (1654-1715).

Pas Kaart Van de Kust van Carolina tusschen C de Canaveral en C Henry door C. J. Vooght geometra.

Amsterdam: Johannis van Keulen, [1687]. Copper engraved map, period hand colouring. Sheet size: 21 1/8 x 24 1/4 inches.

An attractive map with an inset of Charleston Harbour, the mouths of the Ashley and Cooper rivers and showing the settlement before it was moved from the west bank of the Ashley. This copy in Burden’s second state, with period hand colouring.

An excellent copy of Burden’s second state with the number ‘18’ engraved at the lower left corner. Burden notes that the cartographer C.J. Vooght draws on unpublished sources for this map, but that the “southern regions still call upon old Spanish nomenclature ... The immediate Carolina coastline is ... compressed on a northerly axis and does not utilise the advances made in the Second Lords Proprietors map of 1682 ... The more southerly of the Outer Bank sounds differ from earlier depictions and C. Hatteras is less prominent also. The soundings off more northerly Outer Banks are from an unknown but presumably English source” (Burden).

Burden The Mapping of North America II, 589, state 2; Cumming & De Vorsey 91; Koeman Atlantes Neelandici IV, Keu109A, no.18 & p.376; cf Phillips Atlases nos. 530, 3444 & 3453.

(#24791) $ 4,750 29 KEULEN, Johannes van (1654-1715).

Pas kaart Van de Boght van Florida Met de canaal tusschen Florida en Cuba door C. J. Vooght geometra.

Amsterdam: Johannes van Keulen, [1687]. Copper engraved map, period hand-colouring. Sheet size: 21 x 24 1/4 inches.

Van Keulen’s excellent chart of Florida and Cuba with highly attractive period colour.

This very handsome chart of parts of Florida and Cuba was first published by Johannes van Keulen in his Zee-Fakkel in 1684, but can also be found in his Zee-Atlas. The present example is in Burden’s second state with the page number ‘15’ engraved in the lower left corner. The drawing was done by Claes Jansz. Vooght. Though not the first Dutch chart to be published of the region, this chart derives from entirely different, original sources. “It is the first sea chart of the eastern portion of the Gulf of Mexico detailing the west coast of Florida” (Burden).

The chart is oriented with north to the left hand side of the sheet. A good deal of the western coast of the peninsula and the western part of the region are depicted. As the title suggests, the “canal” between Florida and Cuba is demonstrated, and a good portion of the western half of Cuba is shown.

The chart includes three inset maps of Cuban harbors: Havana, Matanzas and what is called Baja Hondo, possibly Golfo de Guanahacabibes.

The cartouche is attractively decorated with Neptune, god of the sea, and one of the gods of the winds, probably Zephir.

Burden The Mapping of North America II, 591, state 2; Koeman, The Sea on Paper, 1972; Koeman Atlantes Neelandici IV, Keu109A, no.15 & p.380; Martin & Martin, Maps of Texas and the Southwest pp.84-85; cf Phillips Atlases nos. 530, 3444 & 3453.

(#24793) $ 4,500

30 LATTRÉ, Jean.

Carte des Etats-Unis de L’Amerique Suivant le Traité de Paix de 1783. Dédiée et Présentée A.S. Excellence Mr. Benjamin Franklin Ministre Plénipotentarie des Etats-Unis de l’Amérique pres la Cour de France, avec Présid. de la Pensilvanie et de la Societé Philosophique de Philadelphie, &c, &c.

Paris: Delamarche, 1784 [but circa 1791]. Engraved map, period hand-colouring in outline. Inset of the southern tip of Florida. Sheet size: 22 x 31 3/4 inches.

A very rare copy of the first French map of the newly-created United States following the Treaty of Paris and “one of the most attractively designed and executed maps of the period” (Ristow).

Lattré’s famous map is held in a select group of the earliest maps of the nascent United States published immediately following the Treaty of Paris. Published in Paris, Lattré’s map is believed to be the first to be printed following the final exchange of the ratification documents in May 1784. Cartographically, like the John Wallis and Abel Buell maps, Lattré relied on previous mappings of the United States. This appropriately included John Mitchell’s famous map, which would also be used as the official map during the peace negotiations.

Benjamin Franklin’s beloved status in France and his importance to the negotiations which formally ended the Revolution are reflected in Lattré’s dedication to the American patriot. The dedication, Cappon writes, “lends historical significance to the work,” and Cappon further suggests that Lattré may have presented a copy of the map in person to Franklin at the minister’s residence in Passy.

The beautiful cartouche contains the title as well as the dedication to Franklin, both superimposed upon the great sail of a ship, upon which a seaman hangs emblems of the new United States. These include the earliest depiction of the Great Seal of the United States to appear on a map. The heraldic emblem in the seaman’s hands above and to the left of the Great Seal are the arms of the Franklin family (a dolphin between two martlets flanked by lion’s heads) and the third emblem is the seal of the Society of Cincinnati (a bald eagle with a central medallion depicting Cincinnatus with his sword).

Previously, this separately-published map was thought to exist in but one state. However, three states have now been identified. The first issue includes flanking panels of text on either side of the map detailing the historic military events of the Revolution. In the cartouche, immediately below the date 1784, a single line reads “avec Privilege du Roi” and the lower right margin below the neat line includes Lattré’s imprint with a Rue St. Jacques address. The second state is nearly identical to the first and was likely issued shortly after. The second issue has the same “avec Privilege du Roi” line in the cartouche and with Lattré’s imprint in the lower margin; however, the engraved flanking panels of text are now absent and a table listing the thirteen states and their capitals now appears to the left of the Florida inset. In the third state, as this copy, Delamarche’s imprint replaces the “privilege” line in the cartouche and Lattré’s imprint in the lower margin has been removed. Additionally, Vermont appears in the list of states and Washington, D.C. is named on the map itself, both suggesting a date after 1791. All states are rare.

Cappon, The First French Map of the United States (Chicago: 1978); Ristow, American Maps and Mapmakers, p. 63, reproduced on p. 65; McCorkle, New England in Early Printed Maps 784.10; Sellers & Van Ee, Maps and Charts of North America and the West Indies p. 158; Degrees of Latitude 70.

(#24797) $ 22,500

31 LÓPEZ de Vargas Machuca, Tomás (1730/31-1802).

Mapa Maritimo del Golfo de Mexico e Isles de la America para el uso de los navegantes en esta parte del mundo, construido sobre las mexores memorias, y observaciones astronomicas de longitudes, y latitudes.

[Madrid]: Tomás López & Juan de la Cruz Cano y Olmedilla, 1755. Copper-engraved map. Small expert marginal repairs. Sheet size: 23 x 32 1/8 inches.

A beautiful and very rare Spanish maritime chart of Florida, Louisiana, parts of Texas and the whole of the Caribbean.

Tomás López, one of the most important Spanish map-makers, was the official cartographer to the King of Spain during the second half of the eighteenth-century.The present map is one of a small handful relating to North America to be published in Spain during this period: it was published by Lopez and and Juan de la Cruz in Madrid in 1755 and is based on d’Anville’s work. Unusually, this particular example is on a large single sheet rather than the more usual two sheets or two joined sheets. The geographical area depicted extends beyond the Caribbean to include Central America and the Caribbean, including the northern coast of South America. As is to be expected with a maritime chart the northern portion of the gulf shows only coastal features (with some inlets, bays and river-mouths), with Florida drawn as a series of closely associated islands on the eastern and southern tip. The land region of the northern gulf is labeled “Luisiana”; and Mexico is noted as “Nueva Espana”. The sea areas are criss-crossed with rhumb lines and compass roses. There is an elaborate and very attractive rococo cartouche with the title including a dedication to Ferdinand VI of Spain, and the Spanish Royal coat of arms, fruits and vegetables from the New World, a bow and quiver with arrows and a native headdress, as well as an European sword and shield.

The publication date of 1755 is significant as it marks the second year of the French and Indian War (or Seven Years’ War as the conflict as a whole was known in Europe). By the war’s end, France was compelled to relinquish virtually the entirety of its American empire. Canada and the Ohio Valley were ceded to Great Britain, and all of Louisiana west of the Mississippi was transferred to Spain. López published this map to allow an overview of the numerous islands and southern coastal regions that were being fought over by the three main combatants.

NMM (Duff Collection) 245:I ; Antonio López Gómez & Carmen Manso Porto Cartografía del siglo XVIII: Tomás López en la Real Academia de la historia (Madrid, 2006), p.82; Phillips Maps 685; D. Reinhartz & G.D. Saxon Mapping and Empire (University of Texas Press, 2005) p.16.

(#20846) $ 18,500

32 LOWE, Theodore H. and Francis F. BRUNÉ.

Map of Clear Creek County, Colorado. Drawn and compiled by Theo. H. Lowe and F.F. Bruné, C.E., Idaho, Colorado, Ter.

Louisville: Hart and Mapother Lithographers, 1866. Lithographed map on six sheets unjoined, period hand-colouring in outline, three inset views (two attributed to be after Alfred E. Mathews), within an ornamental border (backed onto linen at an early date, inked library stamp on verso). Sheet size: 75 x 55 1/2 inches (if joined).

An incredible, large-scale wall map of Clear Creek County, Colorado published less than a decade after the discovery of gold in the mining district and at the very outset of the area’s settlement: a significant Colorado cartographic and mining rarity.

Clear Creek County, located approximately 30 miles west of Denver, was one of the original 17 counties of Colorado Territory created in 1861. Settlement in the region, however, began in 1859 during the Pike’s Peak Gold Rush, when prospectors settled along Clear Creek hoping to strike it rich.

The large scale of this breathtaking map, projected at two thousand feet to the inch, allows for incredible detail of the county to be shown in the earliest years of its existence. The county is divided into 32 named districts, with a large unnamed area in the southeastern corner of the region. Mountains are named and beautifully shown via soft hachuring. Towns and creeks are identified, as are the wagon roads to Denver and Central City and numerous trails through the mountain passes. The proposed route of the Pacific railroad is clearly shown following the course of Clear Creek though Idaho to George Town, then back along Clear Creek and through Berthoud Pass to the northwest. Larger ranches are named (particularly in the more remote areas), and several businesses, including hotels, groceries and even a bathhouse, are located. The detail on the map, however, is most evident respecting the county’s mining resources, with over 125 individual lodes located and named, plus over 25 quartz mills and several saw mills in addition. Most of the lodes are closely congregated along the Clear Creek west of the town of Idaho.

At each of the lower corners of the map are inset views attributed to be after Alfred E. Mathews based on the style and the presence of similar images in his 1866 Pencil Sketches of Colorado. In the lower right corner is a view of Idaho Springs, titled “Idaho The County Seat of the Clear Creek County / Taken from the Illinois Bar” (the county seat moving to Georgetown the year following this map); plate 12 of Pencil Sketches includes a similar view of the town, though from a vantage point south of the town rather than east as in the present view. In the lower left corner is a view of the region north of the town of Empire, titled “Upper Empire and Silver Mountain”; while this view did not appear in Pencil Sketches, Matthews did depict the town of Empire nearby (Pencil Sketches, plate 13). The third inset is an untitled cross-section view of the interior of a working mine, showing a shaft with an adit. A key, located to the left of the mining view, identifies the symbols used on the map and below the key is a listing of the county’s mountains with elevations above Denver, with their respective elevations given.

Theodore H. Lowe and Francis F. Bruné came to Colorado during the Pike’s Peak Gold Rush of 1859. It is assumed that both were trained surveyors, and Lowe seems to have been employed for a time by the U.S. Geological Survey. A printed note in the upper left corner of the decorative cartouche confirms that Lowe and Bruné compiled this impressive map from actual “instrumental surveys” in 1865. Lowe would be commissioned a deputy mineral surveyor in Colorado Springs in 1872, with Brune receiving the same commission in Leadville in 1878. The 1879 Leadville directory lists Bruné as the City Engineer.

Lowe’s contribution to the development of mining in the region is noted in Frank Hall’s early history of the state. “The first discoverer of gold in this region [i.e. Cripple Creek in El Paso County], and also the first to develop the vein formation, was Theodore H. Lowe, a noted mining engineer and surveyor. In October, 1881, ten years prior to any settlement at Cripple Creek, while subdividing some pastoral lands for his uncle, William W. Womack, of Kentucky, in the western part of El Paso county, Mr. Lowe found a detached block of what appeared to be float quartz. Breaking off a fragment, he took it to Prof. E. E. Burlingame, the leading assayer of Denver, for analysis, and in due time received a certificate stating that it contained at the rate of $166.23 gold per ton. Encouraged by this result, he returned to the spot and began searching for the outcrop of the vein whence the ‘blossom’ had been eroded, and at length found it. Locating thereon a claim called the ‘Grand View,’ he sunk a shaft ten feet deep, as required by law, and recorded the location in the office of the county clerk at Colorado Springs” (Hall, History of the State of Colorado, [Chicago: 1895], vol.IV, p. 102).

In 1881, Lowe would produce an additional map of the region (titled “Map of the Mining Districts surrounding the Townsite of Idaho-Springs”), this time depicting just a portion of the county but on a similar large scale and with a version of the view of Idaho from his 1866 map. (See Streeter sale 2202).

We locate but two other known copies of this very rare 1866 Clear Creek County map (Denver Public Library and University of Colorado, Boulder [copies at Bancroft and Colorado Historical Society listed by OCLC are photocopies of original) and find no copies of the map ever appearing at auction.

Not in Phillips, A List of Maps of America,

(#24766) $ 42,500

33 MILLS, Robert (1781-1855).

Atlas of South Carolina, made under the authority of the legislature: prefaced with a geographical statistical and historical map of the State.

[Baltimore: Fielding Lucas and Philadelphia: H.S. Tanner, 1825]. Folio (21 1/2 x 13 3/4 inches). 30 engraved mapsheets, comprised of 1 hand-colored engraved map of the whole State on a double- page sheet surrounded by letterpress with the drop-head title to the atlas above and surrounding explanatory and statistical text on the three remaining sides, 28 uncoloured engraved maps on 29 sheets (map of Charleston on two sheets, 19 double-page, 9 folding). Extra-iilustrated with a period manuscript index. Expertly bound to style in half calf over contemporary marbled paper- covered boards, flat spine divided into compartments by gilt roll tools, lettered in gilt in the second compartment, the others with a repeat decoration in gilt .

A landmark work in American cartography: the very rare first edition of the first American state atlas.

Robert Mills was born in Charleston in 1781 and studied under James Hoban, the Irish-born architect who designed the White House. In Washington, Mills made the acquaintance of Thomas Jefferson and studied in Jefferson’s extensive architecture library before going to work as an assistant to Benjamin Latrobe in 1803. By 1809 he was established as an architect in Philadelphia, doing work in Baltimore and Richmond as well. In 1820, back in residence in South Carolina, he was appointed to that state’s department of Public Works.

Mills’ Atlas is intimately associated with the trend in internal improvements that flourished in the United States in the first decades of the nineteenth century, and the maps in this atlas take great care to show the roads and rivers that were so important in facilitating transportation, communication, and commerce. The creation of these maps was an outgrowth of this trend, as states commissioned engineers and surveyors to create detailed and current maps. South Carolina was late in the game, not commissioning a state map until 1815, when an authorization of $5,000 per year was made to pay for surveys to be conducted under the supervision of George Blackburn, a mathematics professor. Ultimately, twenty surveyors were charged with creating maps of the twenty-eight judicial districts of the state. Between 1817 and 1821 manuscript maps were created for each district, based on astronomical, geodetic, and topographic surveys and field work, and using the latest scientific techniques.

Aware of the surveying and cartographic work that had been undertaken in the state, Mills became determined to make the individual manuscript district maps more widely available by having them printed as an atlas. Mills undertook redrawing the district maps to make them uniform with each other. As part of this undertaking he traveled throughout the state, adding his personal observations and improvements to the maps. Mills engaged Henry Tanner of Philadelphia to print the maps for the atlas. Though dated 1825, the atlas was not actually published until 1826, priced $15 a copy.

The individual District maps are each a marvel of cartography, showing every region in great detail. The maps are drawn on a scale of 1:125,000 or two miles to the inch, with cities, towns, villages, swamps, woods, rivers, mountains, streams, lakes, and roads are all identified, and distances between towns and between towns and the coast are often given. The location of waterfalls (and their heights) are noted on rivers, and other important transportation information is given as well. Public houses, mills, colleges, blacksmith shops, cotton factories, courthouses, and other notable locations are also identified, as are the names of doctors and property owners. The atlas, therefore, was valuable not only for its cartographic qualities, but as an engine of economic development.

The atlas was a financial failure for Mills, who largely financed the project himself, and he eventually had to petition the South Carolina Legislature to purchase additional copies in order to relieve his hardship. Mills financial failure with the first edition did not keep him from pursuing an updated version of the atlas, however. In 1837 he petitioned the South Carolina legislature for $2,000 to enable him to buy the original copper plates from the engraver, and this request for funds was granted. With the copper plates in hand, Mills set about updating and revising his atlas, publishing a second edition in 1838.

“Mills’s Atlas of the State of South Carolina is a cartographic milestone because of its use of astronomical and scientific surveys for its district maps, its position as the first atlas of an individual state, and the impetus it gave to local and regional cartography in the early decades of the nineteenth century. It is also a tribute to the dedicated and self-sacrificing personal effort of Mills in carrying through to completion its compilation and publication. Monuments to Mills’s architectural genius still survive in several American cities, but his South Carolina atlas is the sole record of his contribution to the history of cartography in the United States” (Ristow p.219).

American Imprints 21461; Phillips Atlases 2570; Ristow pp.207-219; Rumsey 2792; Sabin 49113; Schwartz & Ehrenberg, p.251; Gene Waddell “Robert Mills, Cartographer,” (introduction to Mills’ Atlas of the State of South Carolina 1825 (Greenville. 1980), pp. i-xii and 1-7.

(#26660) $ 75,000

34 MORDEN, Robert (d.1703).

A New Map of the English Empire in America viz Virginia, Maryland, Carolina, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jarsey, New England, Newfoundland, New France &c.

London: “Sold by Robt. Morden at the Atlas in Cornhill / And by Christopher Brown at ye Globe/ near the Westend of St. Pauls/ Church: London”, [circa 1695]. Copper-engraved map by John Harris. Inset map of the Atlantic Ocean and smaller inset of Boston Harbour. Sheet size: 21 3/8 x 25 inches.

A rare and important map of the American colonies, in the scarce first state.

This is in effect a propaganda map, compiled during King William’s War (1689-97). Morden shows the English American colonies thrusting westward, at the expense of the rival French claims. In addition to the Midwest, much of Canada is shown as English. The English colonies along the Atlantic Seaboard are carefully delineated according to English sources, but Canada, the Mississippi Valley, and the Great Lakes are based on French sources, including the maps of Dablon (1672) and Thevenot (1681). Morden still preserves Lederer’s configuration (1672) in his depiction of the interior of the Southeast.

At lower right is a large inset map of the North Atlantic, the vital life line between Britain and its American empire. Just above is the title piece crowned by the Royal Arms, and an inset map of Boston Harbor based on Thomas Pound’s A New Mapp of New England from Cape Codd to Cape Sables (1691). The engraver, John Harris was one of the most accomplished members of his profession working in England. The insets are surrounded by decorative acanthus brackets and supports in the arabesque style, a signature motif of the artist. A second state was published in 1719 with the imprint of John Senex.

Degrees of Latitude, pp. 358-360; Stevens & Tree, “Comparative Cartography” 20a, in Tooley, The Mapping of America; McCorkle, New England in Early Printed Maps, 695; Cumming, The Southeast in Early Maps, 119; Phillips, A List of Maps of America, p. 564.

(#24779) $ 27,500

35 MORTIER, Pierre (1661-1711).

Carte General de la Caroline. Dresse sur les Memoires le plus Nouveaux par le Sieua [sic.] S***. .

Amsterdam: P. Mortier, [1700]. Copper-engraved map, with full original colour. Sheet size: 24 x 19 inches.

A fine copy of the first map of the Carolinas to be printed outside of England, including an inset of Charleston with the names and positions of early plantations along the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, present here in the first state

This is the first map of the Carolinas to be printed outside of England, and was included as part of Pierre Mortier’s Suite de Neptune François, published in Amsterdam in 1700, and often incorrectly attributed to Nicolas Sanson. It is directly derived from the extremely rare A New Map of Carolina of 1685 by John Thornton, Robert Morden and Philip Lea. All topographical details are identical to those of its antecedent, however most of the place names have been Gallicized. Also, The table of settlers has been omitted in favour of the title caption. Amusingly a “Charle Ville ou Charles Towne” appears written in large letters near Cape Fear, while the actual Charles Towne is labeled in small letters further down the coast. The present map includes an inset detail of Charleston and the Cooper and Ashley Rivers with the names and positions of various early plantations marked along their banks.

‘Carolina was established in 1663 when Charles II granted the province to eight favorites, known as the Lord Proprietors, who had helped him regain the throne of England. The original grant included the territory between the 31st degree to 36 1/2 degrees north latitude, from Jekyll Island, Georgia, to Curritiuck Inlet, North Carolina. Two years later, the tract was enlarged to include the land between the 29th and the 31st degrees north latitude, thus adding a large portion of Florida. The grant extended west to the Pacific Ocean’ (Degrees of Latitude, p.93).

Burden, The Mapping of North America II, 767; Cumming, The Southeast in Early Maps, 120; Koeman, Atlantes Neerlandici IV, M.Mor 7-33

(#20319) $ 5,750

36 MÜNSTER, Sebastian (1488-1552).

India Extrema, XIX; Nova Tabula.

[Basel: Heinrich Petri in the ‘Geographia Universalis’, 1542]. Woodcut, in excellent condition. Sheet size: 11 3/4 x 15 1/8 inches.

The rare first state of Münster’s highly important map of Asia, a veritable masterpiece of Renaissance cartography, and the first printed map of Asia.

Münster’s India Extrema, XIX, Nova Tabula is a very elegant map, that embraces most of Asia, from the Persian Gulf to the Far East. Although largely based on Ptolemy’s ancient template, it includes some advancements gleaned from recent Portuguese discoveries. The outlines of the Indian subcontinent, between the Indus and the Ganges rivers begins to take a recognizable form, with “Zaylon” (Sri Lanka) correctly appearing as its own island. The Portuguese outpost of Goa and Calicut, the first place where Vasco da Gama landed in 1497, are depicted. Further to the east “Taprobana” (the name Ptolemy gave to Sri Lanka) is also designated as “Sumatra.”.On the adjacent Malay Peninsula is the important trading port of “Malaqua” (Malacca). Java is also portrayed, but is depicted as two separate islands. “Moloca” (The Moluccas), the Spice Islands that were a major point of contention between Spain and Portugal are shown. The resolution of the dispute was the official purpose of Magellan’s epic circumnavigation. The depiction of “Cathay” (China) is shown to be largely predicated on Venetian lore. The seas to the south of the map are adorned with a large sea monster and a mermaid with a bifurcated tail.

Münster was a brilliant polymath and one of the most important intellectuals of the Renaissance era. Educated at Tübingen, his surviving college notebooks, Kollegienbuch, reveal a mind of insatiable curiosity, especially with regards to cosmography. Münster later became a professor of Hebrew at Heidelberg, and then from 1529 at the University of Basle. In the 1530s, he turned his attention to translating Ptolemy’s Geography, adding new material that related to the lands newly discovered in the Americas and Asia. The result was the publication of his highly regarded Geographia Universalis, first printed in 1540. The present map is from the second edition, but still represents the first-state of the map, as the same unaltered woodblock from the initial printing was employed in the production of the second edition. Münster was also a trend-setter in his ideas regarding design and layout of maps, and he was one of the first to create space on his woodblocks for the insertion of place names in metal type. Münster later published his Cosmographia (1544, revised 1550), a monumental encyclopedic book of contemporary knowledge and legend that became one of the most widely read books in Europe.

Parry, The Cartography of the East Indian Islands, pp.65-68, pl. 3.8

(#20040) $ 4,250

37 [NORMAN, John].

Chart of the Coast of America from Cape Hateras [sic] to Cape Roman from the actual surveys of Dl. Dunbibin Esq.

[Boston: John Norman, 1794]. Copper-engraved sea chart, on two joined sheets. Overall sheet size: 21 1/4 x 33 inches.

An early issue of the earliest American chart of the North Carolina coast.

Wheat and Brun, and others, speculate that the original version of this map was separately published in 1761, citing an advertisement in the September 14, 1761 Boston Gazette: “The Navigation on the Coast of North and South Carolina being very dangerous on account of the many Bars, Shoals, Sandbanks, Rocks, etc. The late Daniel Dunbibin, Esq. of North Carolina, has, at very great Expence and Labour, draughted the Sea Coast of both the Provinces in a large whole Sheet Chart of 33 inches by 23; together with all the Rivers, Bays, Inlets, Islands, Brooks, Bars, Shoals, Rocks, Soundings, Currents, &c. with necessary Directions to render the Navigation both easy and safe, and are much esteemed by the most expert Pilots...” No copy of this 1761 map is known to exist.

It is believed, however, that John Norman re-used the original printing plate for this map, or closely copied a surviving example, when he published the first edition of his The American Pilot in 1791. This example of Norman’s chart of the North Carolina coastline is present here in its third state (i.e., preceded by the 1761 first issue, and second issue copies from the 1791 and 1792 editions of Norman’s pilot). This state can be discerned by the addition of “New Inlet” just north of Cape Fear. Additional issues were published through 1803.

The American Revolution brought to an end Britain’s leading role in the mapping of America. The task now fell to the American publishing industry, still in its infancy, but with first-hand access to the new surveys that were documenting the rapid growth of the nation. In particular, there was a need for nautical charts for use by the expanding New England commercial fleets. The first American marine atlas, Mathew Clark’s A Complete Set of Charts of the Coast of America, was published in Boston in 1790. Two of Clark’s charts had been engraved by John Norman, who was inspired to launch his own enterprise. In January 1790, Norman published a notice in the Boston Gazette stating he was currently engraving charts of all the coast of America on a large scale. These were assembled and published as The American Pilot, Boston, 1791. Norman’s Pilot, the second American marine atlas, indeed the second American atlas of any kind, marked an advance over the earlier work of Mathew Clark.

New editions of the Pilot appeared in 1792 and 1794, and after John Norman’s death, his son, William, brought out editions in 1794, 1798, 1801, and 1803. Despite the seemingly large number of editions, The American Pilot is one of the rarest of all American atlases, and one of the very few published during the eighteenth century. Wheat and Brun (pps. 198-199) locate just ten complete copies for the first five editions: 1791 (Huntington, Harvard); 1792 (LC, Clements); 1794(1) (LC, JCB, Boston Public); 1794(2) (Yale); 1798 (LC, Boston Public).

Provenance: de-accessioned by the Museum of the City of New York.

Wheat & Brun Maps & Charts Published in America before 1800 580 (third state); Phillips, p. 872 (1798 edition); Printed Maps of the Carolinas 24; cf. Wroth, Some Contributions to Navigation, pp. 32-33.

(#23675) $ 62,500

38 [NORMAN, John] - William NORMAN (1748-1817).

A Chart of South Carolina and Georgia.

[Boston: William Norman, 1798-1801]. Copper-engraved sea chart, with an early ink manuscript notation at centre, in very good condition. Sheet size: 21 1/4 x 17 inches.

A very rare and finely engraved sea chart from John Norman’s ‘American Pilot,’ one of the earliest maritime maps of the Georgia and South Carolina coasts, here in the second of three states.

This map was originally published as part of the first edition of John Norman’s The American Pilot, 1791, and was preceded only by Mathew Clark’s chart of 1790. The present second state, with “Shute’s Folly” in the inset corrected to “Shutes Folly,” first appeared in the very rare 1798 edition. The chart shows the area from the St. John’s River, Florida, in the south, to John’s Island, South Carolina, in the north. At the lower right is a large inset of Charleston Harbour.

The manuscript notation, in a contemporary hand, lends a fascinating sense of life to the map. The line concludes with the note “Black Beard Point,” alluding to the fact that “Sappola Inlet,” now referred to as Sapelo Sound, was one of the favourite hideouts of the infamous pirate Blackbeard (the alias of Edward Teach) during his reign of terror from 1716 to 1718. Blackbeard’s nimble vessel Queen Anne’s Revenge would hide in the inlet from patrolling British ships of the line that found these littoral waters too treacherous to chance. Blackbeard’s presence in the area is immortalized by the designation of the Blackbeard Island National Wildlife Refuge, located at the northern part of Sapelo Island.

The presented map was made in the years following the American Revolution, which had brought to an end Britain’s leading role in the mapping of America. The task now fell to the American publishing industry, still in its infancy, but with first-hand access to the new surveys that were documenting the rapid growth of the nation. In particular, there was a need for nautical charts for use by the expanding New England commercial fleets. The first American marine atlas, Mathew Clark’s A Complete Set of Charts of the Coast of America, was published in Boston in 1790. Two of Clark’s charts had been engraved by John Norman, who was inspired to launch his own enterprise. In January 1790, Norman published a notice in the Boston Gazette stating he was currently engraving charts of all the coast of America on a large scale. These were assembled and published as The American Pilot, Boston, 1791. Norman’s Pilot, the second American marine atlas, indeed the second American atlas of any kind, marked an advance over the earlier work of Mathew Clark.

Wheat & Brun, Maps & Charts Published in America before 1800, 607; Suarez, Shedding the Veil, p. 164

(#16369) $ 18,500

39 OGLETHORPE, James (1696-1785); and Samuel URLSPERGER (1685-1772).

A Map of the County of Savannah.

[Halle: 1741]. Engraved map. Royal arms of George II at the lower left, scale of miles along the lower portion of the map. Sheet size: 15 1/2 x 14 1/2 inches.

One of the earliest printed maps of Georgia.

Oriented with north to the north west, the right side of the map depicts the Georgia coast from Hilton Head island in the north (identified as Trench’s Island) to Ossabaw sound in the south, with Palachocolas shown on the Carolina side of the Savannah River at the upper left corner of the map. Few inland details are shown in Carolina, though the region south of the Savannah River is shown covered in trees with settlements, including Savannah, Ebenezer, Thunderbolt, Fort Argyle and more, and rivers and roads identified. The Royal Arms of George II are prominently displayed at the lower left, with a scale of miles running across the bottom of the sheet.

In 1730, English philanthropist and member of Parliament, General James Oglethorpe, began lobbying for a charter to establish a new English colony in America. He proposed that his colony of Georgia would serve as a refuge for unfortunate debtors, and as a barrier between Spanish Florida and the established English settlements. The following year, while Oglethorpe’s petition was still being considered, Leopold von Firmian, the Catholic Prince and Archbishop of Salzburg, issued an Edict of Expulsion, ordering all Protestants to leave his domain. A group of Salzberger exiles, under the leadership of Samuel Urlsperger, found refuge in the German city of Augsburg. When Oglethorpe heard of Ulsperger’s exiles, he suggested his colony as a haven for distressed Saltzburgers and other persecuted Protestants, and the charter was signed by George II the following year. Oglethorpe and the earliest colonists arrived in Georgia in February 1733, barely a year before the first fifty Salzbergers landed in March 1734. By the following May, the Salzbergers were established at Ebenezer, about twenty five miles north of Savannah. De Vorsey notes that as early as September 1734, Oglethorpe was sending maps of Georgia to the continent, where German Protestants were being encouraged to emigrate to Georgia. The first of these was a manuscript map of the County of Savannah, forwarded to the Georgia Trustees in London in February 1735, which was then used as the prototype for this printed map published later that year in a promotional tract by Ulsperger to encourage Salzberger immigrants to Georgia.

A foundation map on the early settlement of Georgia.

Cumming, The Southeast in Early Maps, #246; De Vorsey, “Maps in Colonial Promotion: James Edward Oglethorpe’s use of Maps in Selling the Georgia Scheme” in Imago Mundi, 38 [1986], p. 41.

(#27717) $ 19,500

40 POPPLE, Henry (d.1743).

A Map of the British Empire in America with the French and Spanish settlements adjacent thereto.

London: “Engrav’d by Willm. Henry Toms”, “1733” [but circa 1735]. Folio (20 1/2 x 15 3/8 inches). Engraved map by William Henry Toms, with very fine full contemporary hand-colouring (with twenty-two integral inset views and plans) on 15 double-page and 5 single-page sheets, with full contemporary hand-colouring, mounted on guards throughout, with the double-page key map by Toms, with full hand-colouring. Expertly bound to style in half 18th-century russia over original 18th-century marbled paper-covered boards, spine gilt with red morocco spine label. Housed in a modern blue morocco-backed box.

A monument to 18th-century American cartography: a highly attractive fully-coloured copy of the first large- scale map of North America, and the first printed map to show the thirteen colonies. Popple maps with full contemporary colour are exceedingly rare.

Popple produced this map under the auspices of the Lord Commissioners of Trade and Plantations to help settle disputes arising from the rival expansion of English, Spanish and French colonies. “France claimed not only Canada, but also territories drained by the Mississippi and it’s tributaries - in practical terms, an area of half a continent” (Goss The Mapping Of North America p.122.) The present copy of Popple’s map, with its full contemporary hand-colouring, would have been particularly useful in these disputes. Mark Babinski in his masterly monograph on this map notes that ‘The typical coloring of fully colored copies ... is described best by a contemporary manuscript legend on the end-paper affixing the Key map to the binding in the King George III copy at the British Library: “Green - Indian Countrys. Red - English. Yellow - Spanish. Blue - French. Purple - Dutch.” The careful demarcation of the disputed areas by colour would have made the identification of whether a particular location was in one or another ‘zone’ a great deal easier. Thus the colouring adds a whole new dimension to a map that is usually only seen in its uncoloured state, and perhaps suggests that the copies with full hand-colouring were originally produced for some as-yet-unrediscovered official use to do with the international land disputes of the time.

Benjamin Franklin, on May 22, 1746, ordered two copies of this map, “one bound the other in sheets,” for the Pennsylvania Assembly. It was the only map of sufficient size and grandeur available - and the map is on a grand scale: if actually assembled it would result in a rectangle over eight feet square. Its coverage extends from the Grand Banks off Newfoundland to about ten degrees west of Lake Superior, and from the Great Lakes to the north coast of South America. Several of the sections are illustrated with handsome pictorial insets, including views of New York City, Niagara Falls, Mexico City, and Quebec, and inset maps of Boston, Charles-Town, Providence, Bermuda, and a number of others.

“Little is known of Henry Popple except that he came from a family whose members had served the Board of Trade and Plantations for three generations, a connection that must have been a factor in his undertaking the map, his only known cartographic work” (McCorkle America Emergent 21.)

Babinski has made a detailed study of the issues and states of the Popple map. This copy is in Babinski’s state 6: the imprint on sheet 20 reads “London Engrav’d by Willm. Henry Toms 1733” (i.e. without R. W. Searle’s name), sheet one includes the engraved figure “l” in the upper left corner just above the intersection of the two neat lines and engraved sheet numbers have been added to the upper right corners of each sheet. The key map is present here in the first state. Mark Babinski Henry Popple’s 1733 map (New Jersey, 1998) (ref); Brown Early Maps of the Ohio Valley 14; cf. Cumming The Southeast in Early Maps 216, 217; Degrees of Latitude 24, state 4 (but with engraved number to sheet 1); E. McSherry Fowble Two Centuries of Prints in America 1680-1880 (1987), 6, 7; cf. John Goss The Mapping of North America (1990) 55 (key map only); Graff 3322; Howes P481, “b”; Lowery 337 & 338; McCorkle America Emergent 21; Phillips Maps p.569; Sabin 64140; Schwartz & Ehrenberg p.151; Streeter Sale 676; Stephenson & McKee Virginia in Maps, map II-18A-B.

(#23298) $ 165,000 41 PTOLEMY, Claudius.

Prima Africae Tabula.

[Rome: Petrus de Turre, 4 November 1490]. Engraved map. Good condition apart from repairs to the centre fold and at the lower margin. Sheet size: 16 1/8 x 22 inches.

An important early map of north western Africa, from an edition of Ptolemy’s ‘Cosmographia’ containing some of the finest Ptolemaic plates ever produced

This important map is from the 1490 Rome edition of Ptolemy’s Cosmographia:. It shows the majority of Morocco and Algeria, with Spain in outline to the north.

All the maps are printed from the same plates as the Rome edition of 1478. ‘The copper plates engraved at Rome ... [were] much superior in clarity and craftsmanship to those of the 1477 Bologna edition ... Many consider the Rome plates to be the finest Ptolemaic plates produced until Gerard Mercator engraved his classical world atlas in 1578’ (Shirley p.2). Skelton echoes Shirley’s sentiments: ‘The superior craftsmanship of the engraved maps in the Rome edition, by comparison with those of the [1477] Bologna edition, is conspicuous and arresting. The cleanliness and precision with which the geographical details are drawn; the skill with which the elements of the map are arranged according to their significance, and the sensitive use of the burin in working the plates - these qualities ... seem to point to the hand of and experienced master, perhaps from North Italy’ (Claudius Ptolomaeus Cosmographia Rome 1478, Amsterdam, 1966, p.VIII). A number of authorities have suggested an engraver from either Venice or Ferrara. In any event, the prints from these fine copper plates rank as some of the earliest successful intaglio engravings, quite apart from their undeniable cartographic importance.

Another aspect of these maps which stands out is the fine roman letters used for the place names on the plates: in an apparently unique experiment, these letters were not engraved with a burin but punched into the printing plate using metal stamps or dies.

According to Skelton the 1490 edition of Ptolemy, from which this map came, was issued ‘in response to the geographical curiosity aroused by the Portuguese entry into the Indian Ocean... [The printer, Petrus de Turre (Pietro de la Torre) used the plates of the 1478 edition, which still showed little wear and produced excellent impressions’ (op.cit. p.X).

Cf. BMC IV,p.133; Campbell pp.131-133; cf. Goff P-1086; cf. Hain 13541; IGI 8128; cf. Klebs 812.7; cf. Proctor 3966; cf. Sabin 66474; cf. Sander 5976; cf. Skelton Claudius Ptolomaeus Cosmographia Rome 1478, Amsterdam, 1966,p.XIII; cf. Stevens, Ptolemy 42; cf. Stilwell P-992.

(#18306) $ 5,500

42 PTOLEMY, Claudius.

Secunda Africae Tabula.

[Rome: Petrus de Turre, 4 November 1490]. Engraved map. Good condition apart from small repair to the centre fold and at the lower right corner. Sheet size: 16 1/8 x 22 inches.

An important early map of north Africa, from an edition of Ptolemy’s ‘Cosmographia’ containing some of the finest Ptolemaic plates ever produced

This important map is from the 1490 Rome edition of Ptolemy’s Cosmographia:. It shows the majority of Tunisia and Libya, with Sardinia and Sicily in outline to the north.

(#18307) $ 5,500

43 RATZER, Bernard (fl. 1756-84) & William FADEN (1750-1836).

The Province of New Jersey, Divided into East and West, commonly called the Jerseys.

London: Wm. Faden, December 1st, 1777. Copper-engraved map. Good condition. Sheet size: 32 x 24 inches.

The first state of one of the finest and most celebrated maps of New Jersey, made during the Revolutionary War

This elegant composition depicts New Jersey in finely engraved detail at a large scale of 7 miles to an inch. The map was the grandest representation of the state made up to that time, taking in the entire breadth of the state, as well as the Hudson Valley, most of Long Island, eastern Pennsylvania and all of Delaware Bay. It captures the state’s rich topography, including the Jersey Highlands and the Palisades in the north and the broad Pine Barrens and coastal marshes in the south. The county divisions, major roads and towns are all carefully depicted, indicating that New Jersey was, by the standards of the time, heavily populated, having over 120,000 inhabitants.

Faden based his rendering of the state largely on the manuscript works of Bernard Ratzer, a British military surveyor most famous for his map of New York City. Ratzer’s rendezvous with New Jersey cartography stemmed from the resolution of the bitter boundary dispute between that state and New York that had raged for over a century. In 1764, George III charged Samuel Holland and William De Brahm with settling the boundary, and their demarcation was finally surveyed by Ratzer in 1769. Ratzer’s line is noted on the map as “The boundary settled by commissioners in 1769”. Two of Ratzer’s New Jersey manuscripts, one dealing with the boundary question, and another featuring Monmouth and Ocean Counties are today preserved in the Faden Collection at the Library of Congress. Faden supplemented Ratzer’s work with surveys of the northern part of the state made by Gerard Bancker. Curiously, it seems that Bancker’s work found its way to Faden, by way of John Murray, the Earl of Dunmore, the former governor of Virginia, who was given a draft by Bancker when he stopped in at New York on his way back to London.

An interesting feature present on the map are the two lines bisecting the state, being the boundary lines between the archaic colonies of East and West Jersey. In 1664, Charles II granted the New Jersey charter jointly to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. Berkeley sold his share to John Fenwick, a Quaker who, in turn, passed it on to a consortium that included William Penn. The king elected to renew only Carteret’s charter to the colony, and from 1676 the already small province was split into two awkward colonies. One of the lines present on this map is “Keith’s Line” referring to the 1687 demarcation of the boundary by surveyor George Keith. While the two colonies were reunited under a royal governor in 1702, certain private land ownership questions predicated on the partition necessitated that an internal line of dividion persist, which was redemarcated as the “Lawrence Line” in 1743.

The map is embellished with a very fine cartouche, formed by trees framing a bucolic scene inhabited by farm houses and raccoons. The lower left of the map is adorned with a table of astrological observations. This copy is an excellent example of this important map, featuring a strong impression and good margins.

BMC Maps 10:251; Degrees of Latitude, 47, state 1; Guthorn, British Maps of the American Revolution, p.39; Schwartz & Ehrenberg, Mapping of America, p.193; Snyder, The Mapping of New Jersey, pp.57-59; Stevens & Tree 37a

(#20871) $ 27,500

44 SANSON, Nicholas & Guillaume SANSON (d. 1703).

Amerique Septentrionale.

Paris: Chez Pierre Mariette, 1669. Copper-engraved map, period hand-colouring in outline. Sheet size: 16 3/8 x 23 1/2 inches.

A lovely, rich impression of the first state of among the most important French maps of North America of the second half of the 17th century, produced by the country’s most esteemed family of cartographers.

This very influential map was the official successor to Nicolas Sanson’s 1650 map of North America. When Nicolas Sanson, regarded as the father of the renaissance of cartography under Louis XIV, died in July, 1667, he left his flourishing business in the care of his eldest son Guillaume. The younger Sanson continued his father’s partnership with the Mariette family, who were prominent Parisian printers. Guillame was determined to publish a new, updated edition of his father’s Cartes Generales de toutes parties du Monde, the first French general atlas, originally published in 1657. The map of North America that appeared in the atlas, although masterful, was now considered to be geographically outdated.

The present map, which appeared in the second edition of the atlas, featured updated toponymy, and is geographically based on Nicolas Sanson’s wall map of 1666 (of which only two copies survive). While California is shown to be an island, in line with popular perception, unlike the map from 1650, it no longer attempts to build a geographical mythology in the place of the Pacific Northwest, which was then totally unknown. Appropriately the magnificent baroque title cartouche, which features swags and ribbons held aloft by putti, has been placed to fill this enigmatic space.

Cartographically the map appears to be based on Sanson’s maps of “Le Canada, ou Nouvelle France” and “Le Nouveau Mexique, et La Floride.” Lake Erie is shown in a recognizable form and the entire Great Lakes network is shown in greater detail than his father’s map, although the western lakes are still open-ended. On the East coast, Long Island is shown and the shape of the Outer Banks is improved. Several Indian tribes are identified in New Mexico where the R. del Norte (Rio Grande) mistakenly flows from an interior lake and empties into the Mar Vermeio ou Mer Rouge (Gulf of California). Iceland now appears in the Atlantic, as well as a bit of Britain. The map proved to be highly successful, and was sourced on numerous occasions by other mapmakers.

The present copy is an example of Burden’s first state of the map; a second state would be issued in 1690.

Burden, The Mapping of North America I, 404; (first state) McCorkle, New England in Early Printed Maps, 669.4; McLaughlin, California as an Island, 45; Wagner, Cartography of the Northwest Coast of America, 399; Tooley, “California as an Island,” 8 in Tooley,The Mapping of America.

(#25686) $ 3,250

45 SANSON, Nicholas & Guillaume SANSON (d. 1703).

Amerique Septentrionale.

Paris: Chez Pierre Mariette, 1669. Copper-engraved map, period hand colouring in outline. Sheet size: 18 x 24 inches.

The most important French map of North America of its generation, produced by the country’s most esteemed family of cartographers

This very influential map was the official successor to Nicolas Sanson’s 1650 map of North America. When Nicolas Sanson, regarded as the father of the renaissance of cartography under Louis XIV, died in July, 1667, he left his flourishing business under the charge of his eldest son Guillaume. The younger Sanson continued his father’s partnership with the Mariette family, who were prominent Parisian printers. Guillame was determined to publish a new, updated edition of his father’s Cartes Generales de toutes parties du Monde, the first French general atlas, originally published in 1657. The map of North America that appeared in the atlas, although masterful, was now considered to be geographically outdated.

The present copy is an example of Burden’s first state of the map; a second state would be issued in 1690.

(#25685) $ 2,750

46 SAUTHIER, Claude Joseph (1736-1802).

A Topographical Map of the Northn Part of New York Island, Exhibiting the Plan of Fort Washington, now Fort Knyphausen, with the Rebels Lines to the Southward, which were Forced by the Troops under the Command of the Rt. Honble. Earl Percy, on the 16th Novr 1776, and Survey’d immediately after by Claude Joseph Sauthier. To which is added the Attack made to the Northd. By the Hessians. Survey’d by Order of Lieut. Genl. Knyphausen.

London: William Faden, March 1st, 1777. Copper-engraved map, with original outline colour, in excellent condition. Sheet size: 22 1/2 x 15 1/8 inches.

One of the very few Revolutionary War battle plans that relate to the City of New York. Sauthier’s delineation of upper Manhattan was the most accurate and detailed to date.

After the British occupation of New York, George Washington evacuated Manhattan, with the exception of Fort Washington at the northern tip of the island. The British under Sir William Howe moved north and attacked the main American army at White Plains in October 1776. However, the Americans still retained control of Fort Washington behind their forward lines.

On November 16, the British mounted a six-column attack on the fort that forced the patriots to surrender. Washington’s decision not to evacuate Fort Washington was one of his most serious tactical errors of the war. Almost three thousand men were taken prisoner and the British seized large quantities of supplies and weapons. Four days later General Cornwallis was sent to take Fort Lee on the opposite New Jersey shore, but the Americans stationed there had retreated.

Sauthier illustrated the four phases of the attack with the letters A through D. The key at the right identifies the first attack as that by General Knyphausen, the second by Matthews and Cornwallis, the third as a feint, and the fourth by Lord Percy. Sauthier’s original manuscript, on which the present map is based, currently resides in the Faden Collection at the Library of Congress.

Cumming, British Maps of Colonial America, pp. 72-74; Guthorn, British Maps of the American Revolution, 100/5 & 12; Nebenzahl, Atlas of the American Revolution, pp. 90-91; Nebenzahl, Bibliography of Printed Battle Plans of the American Revolution, 116; Wallis, The American War of Independence, 116.

(#19639) $ 7,500

47 SAYER, Robert (1725-1794) & John BENNETT (d.1787), publishers.

The Theatre of War in North America, with the Roads, and a Table of Distances ... A Compendious Account of the British Colonies in North-America.

London: R. Sayer & J. Bennett, 20 March 1776. Engraved map, period hand-colouring in outline. Inset table of distances titled “Evan’s Polymetric Table of America.” Three columns of letterpress text beneath the map titled “A Compendious Account of the British Colonies in North-America” including a small table of the populations of the colonies at the bottom of the middle column. Sheet size: 30 1/2 x 22 1/2 inches.

Rare broadside map published early in the war to satisfy the public demand for news relating to the Revolution in the colonies.

“This map was published in early 1776 and sold in the streets of London for one shilling. It had text printed below the map which described colonies in detail” (Nebenzahl, Atlas of the American Revolution). The map itself is based largely on the French mapping by D’Anville (see Faden’s map after D’Anville in Sayer and Bennett’s American Atlas), although apparently also borrows from other sources. It depicts the colonies from Labrador to East Florida and as far west as a vast Louisiana. The complicated table of distances was no doubt included on the map to give the British public a better understanding of the vastness of the American continent, and in turn of the large scale of the theatre of war. The text below the map is quite interesting, describing the limits of each colony and their respective principal towns, harbours, rivers, etc. The small population table includes a breakdown not only of the total populations of each colony, but also the number of both white and African American men “able to bear arms.”

Stevens and Tree note three issues of this first edition of the map, with the present example being their earliest, also noting a succeeding edition dated November 1776 cut from an entirely new plate.

Stevens & Tree, “Comparative Cartography” 58a, in Tooley, The Mapping of America; Phillips, A List of Maps of America, p. 588; Nebenzahl, Atlas of the American Revolution, endpapers; Sellers & Van Ee, Maps and Charts of North America and the West Indies 145; McCorkle, New England in Early Printed Maps 776.26.

(#24783) $ 22,500

48 SPEED, John (c.1552-1629).

America with those known parts in that unknowne worlde, both people and manner of buildings Described and inlarged...

London: Thomas Bassett and Richard Chiswell, [1676]. Copper engraved map, engraved by Abraham Goos. Inset of Greenland and the Arctic. Side borders composed of ten figures in native costume, upper border comprised of eight city views. Sheet size: 16 3/8 x 21 inches.

Speed’s famous map of North and South America, among the most decorative maps of the seventeenth century.

This famous map by Speed, first issued in 1626, was when issued among the most accurate depictions of the east coast of North America. The large depiction of California as an island is after the rare map by Briggs and was the first such depiction to appear in an atlas. Numerous ships and sea monsters appear in both the Atlantic and Pacific. “Decorating the whole are three attractive borders. The two sides illustrate the natives of the continent, the left bears those of the north and the right those of the south” (Burden). The city views along the top depict Havana, St. Domingo, Cartagena, Mexico, Cusco, Moca, Rio de Janiero and Oldina. “Despite the map’s obvious attention to the English presence in North America, none of the eight towns represented ... are from that part. This is owing to the relative lack of any contemporary views to draw upon” (Burden).

The present copy is an example of the fourth state, published in 1676, with Bassett and Chiswell’s imprint in the lower left. Tooley notes that while the copperplate is unchanged from the previous state (save for the addition of the aforementioned imprint) that “the text on the reverse is not only reset but rewritten. There is no fleuron heading, New York and Maryland are mentioned for the first time in the text to Virginia ... and Hochelaga, Quebec and Tadusac added to the description of Canada” (Tooley).

Burden, The Mapping of North America I: 217 (state 4); Tooley, “California as an Island,” 5 in Tooley, The Mapping of America; McLaughlin, The Mapping of California as an Island 3.

(#25645) $ 5,500

49 THORNTON, John (1641-1708) & Samuel (fl.1703-39).

A Large Draught of the North Part of China Shewing the Passages and the Chanells into the Harbour of Chusan.

London: William Mount & Thomas Page, [1734]. Copper-engraved sea chart, in excellent condition, apart from an expertly repaired centre fold, and mild creases where the map folded. Sheet size: 23 x 35 1/2 inches.

A very fine sea chart of China’s Zhejiang Province, from the celebrated Third Book of ‘The English Pilot’

This elegant and large sea chart captures China’s modern day Zhejiang province. Located on the East China sea, just below the Yangtze Delta, this region was of major interest to European traders during the eighteenth- century. It features the major port of Zhousan (Chusan), and was the location of the entrance of the Grand Canal of China. The canal, construction of which began in the 5th-century B.C., was then the oldest and longest man-made waterway in the world, which allowed barges to travel hundreds to Beijing.

In 1671, the London cartographer John Seller (fl.1664-97) commenced work on The English Pilot, a work that intended to challenge Dutch hegemony in the sea atlas market. Intended to be published in four books covering different regions of the globe, Seller published an uncompleted book on ‘Oriental navigation’ in 1675. Unable to continue this Herculean endeavour, Seller sold his rights to John Thornton, the official hydrographer to the English East India Company. Thornton took up the project with great fervour, publishing his first editions in 1689. Thornton did not publish his first edition of the Third Book, detailing navigation in the East Indies, until 1703. While Thornton largely based his charts on those of earlier Dutch cartographers, most notably those found in Pieter Goos’ Zee-Spiegel and Lucas Janz Waghenaer’s Mariner’s Mirror, The English Pilot proved to be enormously popular. When John Thornton died in 1708, his brother Samuel took over the business and added to and modified existing charts. All four books were produced in editions until the 1760s, the Third Book ran into twelve editions up to 1761. The project succeeded in giving the English dominance in the sea chart market as the eighteenth-century progressed.

Cf. Phillips, Atlases, 4278-36; Verner & Skelton (eds.), John Thornton - The English Pilot: The Third Book (Facsimile 1703 edition)

(#19538) $ 3,750

50 WALLIS, John (d. 1818).

The United States of America laid down from the best authorities, agreeable to the Peace of 1783.

London: John Wallis, 3 April 1783. Engraved map, period hand-colouring in outline. Sheet size: 18 7/8 x 22 11/16 inches.

A cartographic rarity: the first separately engraved map of the United States following the Articles of Peace which ended the American Revolution and the first English map to depict the American flag. A celebrated icon of the end of the American Revolution.

Following the signing of the Preliminary Articles of Peace in January 1783, English map makers rushed to issue depictions of the new United States. The most famous of these, the most decorative, and by far the rarest, was the present map by John Wallis. The first maps to be published in England following the Articles of Peace were technically by Carington Bowles and Sayer and Bennett, who published maps on 4 February and 9 February, respectively. These maps, however, were simply reworkings of existing copper plates with minor changes to reflect the treaty. The Wallis map, however, published on 3 April 1783, was the earliest separately engraved map of the United States to be published.

The chief feature of this scarce map is its celebrated cartouche, elegantly crafted with portraits of the most famous of American patriots “joined by symbolic figures who pay tribute to America’s newly won status as an independent nation” (Deak). On the left, George Washington stands in full uniform walking beside Lady Liberty, her cap perched atop her staff; above their heads the Angel of Fame blows her trumpet, with a laurel wreath clutched in her left hand; to the right of the title sits Benjamin Franklin, inscribing a large book, perhaps drafting the articles of peace or writing the history of the conflict, with the Greek Goddess of Wisdom Athena (or Minerva, the Roman counterpart) pointing to his words, with an owl perched on her helmet, symbolizing the ability to see even in the dark; behind the pair stands a blindfolded Justice with sword in hand standing amongst tall pine trees, perhaps a reference to the American “Appeal to Heaven” flags of the war; above the cartouche is a 13-star American flag, the earliest depiction of the flag of the United States on an English map. Interestingly, the Abel Buell map, published in America subsequent to Wallis, included similar symbolic figures (i.e. Fame, Liberty and the U.S. flag).

Cartographically, the Wallis map depicts the newly-independent United States from as far north as Newfoundland to as far south as Cape Canaveral, Florida and extends west beyond the Mississippi. As in the Mitchell map, the individual states are shown without western boundaries. The hand-colouring on the map delineates the American (green), French (red) and Spanish (yellow) boundaries. The map is quite detailed, drawing from a variety of sources including Mitchell, Anville, and Sayer and Bennett , with many towns and cities identified, as well as rivers, lakes, Indian tribes, etc.

The map is an incredible rarity. The last copy we could trace on the market was with Goodspeed’s in 1937.

Ristow, American Maps and Mapmakers, p. 63; McCorkle, New England in Early Printed Maps 783.21; Sellers & Van Ee, Maps and Charts of North America and the West Indies 754; Degrees of Latitude 69; Fowble 18; Deak 174; Hart 90; Stokes, American Historical Prints 1783-A5.

(#25514) $ 70,000