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Finden Sie Die Drucker Der Familie Elzevier Und Ihre Druckenden Verwandten

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Finden Sie Die Drucker Der Familie Elzevier Und Ihre Druckenden Verwandten Hier finden Sie die Drucker der Familie Elzevier und ihre druckenden Verwandten B47b, 1.2016 Zur Familie gehörten: Lowijs Elzevier d.Ä. Thomas Erpen David van Hoogenhuysen Matthijs Elzevier und Cornelis van Hoogenhuysen Lowijs Elzevier d.J. François Hackes, Andries van Hoogenhuysen Gillis Elzevier Cornelis Hackes, Joost Elzevier Pieter Hackes Hendrik van den Keere d.J. Bonaventura Elzevier und Jacob Hackes Pieter van den Keere Isaac Elzevier Abraham Elzevier d.Ä. Abraham Goos Jan Roelants Jacob Elzevier Daniel Elzevier Hendrik Hondius d.Ä. Felix van Sambix d.J. Lowijs Elzevier (III.) Hendrik Hondius d.J. und Johan van Sambix Johan Elzevier Willem Hondius Pieter Elzevier Josse de Hondt d.Ä. Claes Pietersz Seyll Abraham Elzevier d.J. und Colette van der Keere Josse de Hondt d.J Jan van Waesberghe d.Ä. Hendrik de Hondt d.J. Jan van Waesberghe d.J. Peter Abraham de Hondt Jan van Waesberghe (III.) Pieter van Waesberghe d.Ä. Isaac van Waesberghe Abraham van Waesberghe Reed Elsevier Group plc Die Niederlande in den Golden Eeuw Die Niederlande waren durch Kauf, Erbschaft, Heirat und Eroberung seit 1477 habsburgisch. Kaiser Karl V. übertrug 1555 seinem Sohn Philipp II. die Nieder- lande und damit der spanischen Linie der Habsburger. Von Madrid aus versuchte Philipp II. die ständische Verfassung des »aufmüpfigen neuen Anhängsels« zu zerschlagen und das Vordringen der Reformation calvinistischer Prägung zu ver- hindern. Auf die Mitgliedschaft zu einer sektiererischen Verbindung oder die För- derung der Reformation stand die Todesstrafe. 1564 hielt Wilhelm von Oranien ein Plädoyer für die Religionsfreiheit. Er plädierte dafür, mehrere Konfessionen nebeneinander zu dulden. Mehr als 200 Adlige ver- langten in einer Bittschrift den Abzug der spanischen Truppen und die Aufhebung der Inquisition. Die Statthalterin Margarete von Parma (Schwester von Philipp II.) Jan Blaeu: Die Vereinigten Provinzen 1568 sagte daraufhin zu, sich für die Niederländer bei ihrem Bruder einzusetzen. Die Adligen sahen dies als Sieg an und verbreiteten das Gerücht, die Inquisitions- gerichte seien aufgehoben. Nachdem auch noch neue Bistümer eingerichtet wur- den, kam es 1566 zu einem Bildersturm der niederländischen Protestanten. Die Unruhe wurde durch den Statthalter Herzog von Alba, der 1567 Margarete von Parma abgelöst hatte, blutig niedergeschlagen. Tausende von calvinistischen Familien verließen die Niederlande. 1568 beginnt der 80jährige Unabhängigkeits- kampf gegen Spanien. 1573 wird Luis de Zúñiga y Requesen Statthalter. Er ver- suchte, sich mit den Aufständischen zu verständigen. Alle, die bereit seien, zum katholischen Glauben zurückzukehren, sollten amnestiert und straffrei bleiben. Die Provinzialstaaten von Holland und Zeeland tagten in Rotterdam und lehnten Requesens Angebot ab. Stattdessen verlangten die Provinzialstaaten den Abzug der spanischen Truppen aus den Niederlanden. Requesens verweigerte dies. Die Niederlande in den Golden Eeuw Spanien stand zu diesem Zeitpunkt vor dem Staatsbankrott (die amerikanischen Silberminen waren erschöpft). In dieser Situation fordert Requesens von den niederländischen Bürgern 2.000.000 Gulden jährliche Steuern, die Fronten ver- härteten sich erneut. Die Erfüllung dieser Steuerforderung hätte die Einkünfte Spaniens einschließlich der amerikanischen Kolonien beträchtlich überstiegen. Am 29. Januar 1574 verloren die Spanier gegen die aufständischen »Wasser- geusen« (als Schimpfwort bedeutet dies Diebe) die Schlacht bei Middelburg; drei Monate später gewinnen die Spanier. Aufgrund ausbleibender Soldzahlungen be- gannen die spanischen, wallonischen und deutschen Söldner im Heer Requesens’ am 20. April 1574 zu meutern. Die Meuterer zogen plündernd und vergewalti- gend nach Antwerpen. Requesens konnte die Ausschreitungen der Söldner nicht unterbinden. Um den ausstehenden Sold zahlen zu können, verhandelte er mit Jan Blaeu: Leiden 1652 den Stadträten Antwerpens. Als Ergebnis sollten die Bürger der Stadt Antwerpen den Spaniern 500.000 Gulden zahlen. Weil diese Mittel nicht flüssig waren, er- hielten die Söldner statt Geld Seide und wertvolles Tuch und das Recht, die Stadt zu plündern. Um die Niederlande der spanischen Krone zu erhalten, mußte Requesens die Meuterer begnadigen. Der Friede von Gent, 1576, schafft für einige Jahre Frieden. Wallonien wird 1579 wieder habsburgisch und katholisch. 1581 lösen sich die sieben nördlichen Provinzen vom spanischen König und kön- nen 1587 die Republik der Vereinigten Niederlande ausrufen. Erst im Westfäli- schen Friedensschluß 1648 erfolgt die formelle Ausgliederung der Niederlande aus dem Heiligen Römischen Reich Deutscher Nation. Die Niederlande in den Golden Eeuw Eine religiöse Toleranz wurde jedoch nur gegenüber den Bewohnern der Nieder- lande gewährt; in ihren Kolonien, erobert von der 1602 gegründeten »Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie« (VOC) bzw. der 1621 gegründeten »Westindischen Compagnie« (WIC), unterdrückten die Holländer – wohl aufgrund ihrer eigenen erfolgreich verlaufenen Revolution, jegliche Freiheitsbestrebung. Das war die Zeit, in der in Antwerpen Christoffel Plantin und Lowijs Elzevier ihre Geschäfte eröffneten. Jan Blaeu: Gravenhage 1652 Lowijs Elzevier d.Ä. (Ludovicum Elsevirium, Elsevier, Elzevir, Lowys, Louys, Loys Delsevier, Louuis) war der Gründer der berühmten Druckerei Elzevier (Elsevier), die von 1583 bis 1712 bestand. Er stammt aus Leuven, wo er um 1542 geboren wurde. Sein Vater war vermutlich Hans van Leuven dit Helsevier (Johann Helsevier, Helschevier), der von 1565 bis 1588 als Buchbinder bei Plantin in Antwerpen, dem Zentrum der niederländischen Reformation, arbeitete. Die erste Druckermarke aus dem Jahr 1631 zeigt in der Mitte einen Wappenschild mit einem Baum, Lowijs Elzevier d.Ä. war um 1560 nach Antwerpen gekommen, wo er als Buch- einem Spruchband und einem unter dem Geäst binder bei Christoffel Plantin arbeitet. Um 1564 heiratet er Maycken Duverdyn stehenden Gelehrten. Links und rechts flankieren (Maijke de Verdeijen Verbois) aus Lüttich (Luik), erhält die Bürgerrechte und wird zwei Adler diesen Wappenschild. Mitglied der St.-Lucas-Gilde. Seine ersten Söhne Matthijs und Lowijs werden 1564/ 65 geboren. 1569 bringt er in einer prachtvollen Gestaltung »La magnifique et somptueuse Pompe funèbre faite aus obsèques de Charles Cinquième, célébrées en la ville de Bruxelles« heraus. 1562/63 wird er beschuldigt, eine ketzerische Schrift gedruckt zu haben. 1570 geht er seines calvinistischen Glaubens wegen verfolgt, als Buchbinder nach Wesel, dem damaligen Zufluchtsort der niederlän- dischen Protestanten vor dem Statthalter Herzog von Alba. 1572 kehrt er nach Flandern zurück und läßt sich 1575 als Buchbinder an der 1462 gegründeten Universität in Douai nieder. 1580 geht er, wieder aus religiösen Gründen, als Buchbinder nach Leiden, der damals nach Amsterdam zweitgrößten Stadt Hollands, mit der 1575 von Willelm I. von Oranien gegründeten Universität. In diesem Jahr verlegt er auf eigene Rech- nung »J. Drusii Ebraicarum quaestionum sive quaestionum ac responsionum libri duo«. Er ist wohl nicht mittellos nach Leiden gekommen, denn er kann sich sehr schnell zwei Häuser kaufen. 1581 heißt es in einer Eintragung in den Ratslisten Die zweite Druckermarke (1611) zeigt eine Taube, um- wunden von einer Schlange in Form eines Uroboros. Lowijs Elzevier d.Ä. über Elzevier: »Rapenburch gaende naerde Houstraet. Loys d’Elsevier boucke- binder van loeven heeft hier ghewoont een Jaer, Mayken zyn wyff, Thys, Gillis, Louijs, Joost, Aernt, Mayken, heur beider kinderen. Paul Reynders van Loeven, syn knecht.« 1583 besitzt er einen Buchladen an der (Gracht) Rapenburg in der Nähe und auf dem Gelände der Universität. Diese stellt ihm die Räumlichkeiten bis 1595 kostenlos zur Verfügung; erst ab diesem Zeitpunkt muß eine jährliche Miete von 75 Gulden gezahlt werden. Wegen des schlechten Absatzes seiner wenigen Verlagswerke und in der Buch- handlung muß er bei dem Drucker und Verleger Christoffel Plantin Druckkosten von 1.270 Gulden schuldig bleiben und verpfändet deshalb seine beiden Häuser in Leiden (möglicherweise auch, um sie vor der ihn beobachtenden Inquisition zu retten). 1583 erklärt er vor Gericht, daß Plantin berechtigt sei, die beiden Häuser zu erhalten, da er seine Schulden bei diesem nicht fristgemäß bezahlt hatte. 1586 erhält er mit einem jährlichen Gehalt von 72 Gulden (1594: 84 Gulden, 1611: 100 Gulden) die Stelle eines »Bedell vanden Rectoor« (»Boucverccoper ende pedel vande Universiteyt«) an der Universität in Leiden; er hatte für die Die dritte Druckermarke zeigt in einem Oval Justitia mit unverbundenen Augen auf einem Podest. Sie hält in Universität, einem ehemaligen Nonnenkloster, einige Büchersammlungen zu ihrer rechten Hand aufgerichtet ein Schwert, links hält vorteilhaften Bedingungen erwerben können, was wohl seine Anstellung bewirkte. sie leicht erhoben eine Waage. Die umlaufende Devise Nach 1616 ist Simon van Swieten, mit dem er später durch Isaac Elzevier ver- (von Rombertus Doyema) lautet (mit einem Setzfehler): wandt ist, zum zweiten Pedell bestellt. Erst 1594 erwirbt Lowijs d.Ä. (3 Tage nach »OCULI DOMINI SUPER IUSTOS SPALM 34«, Die Augen des seinem Sohn Matthijs) das Bürgerrecht.Sein Sohn Matthijs wird zwei Jahre später Herrn merken auf die Gerechten (und seine Ohren auf Hilfspedell der Universität und im selben Jahr auch Teilhaber im Geschäft. ihr Schreien), Psalm 34:16. 1592 beginnt seine eigentliche Verlagsarbeit mit dem von Paul Merula heraus- gegebenen »Eutropius«; Lowijs Elzevier d.Ä. wird berühmt für seinen sauberen Lowijs Elzevier d.Ä. Druck
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