DOCSLIB.ORG

Rapporto 2016-2017 La Situazione Dei Diritti Umani Nel Mondo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rapporto 2016-2017 La Situazione Dei Diritti Umani Nel Mondo Rapporto 2016-2017 La situazione dei diritti umani nel mondo infinito edizioni Stampato su carta FSC Traduzione dall’inglese di Anna Ongaro e Patrizia Carrera Revisione ed edizione italiana a cura di Beatrice Gnassi Consulenza editoriale: Riccardo Noury, portavoce della Sezione Italiana di Amnesty International Amnesty International – Sezione Italiana via Magenta 5, 00185 - Roma Tel: (+39) 06 44901 Fax: (+39) 06 4490222 [email protected] www.amnesty.it C.F. 03031110582 Fa fede il testo originale in lingua inglese Il presente Rapporto documenta il lavoro e le preoccupazioni di Amnesty International in tutto il mondo nel corso del 2016. L’assenza di un capitolo relativo a un paese o territorio non implica che durante l’anno non siano avvenute violazioni dei diritti umani o che non esistano motivi di preoccupazione per Amnesty International. La lunghezza della scheda su un dato paese non dove essere interpretata come termine di paragone per misurare la portata e la gravità delle preoccupazioni espresse da Amnesty International in merito a quel paese. Titolo originale: Amnesty International Report 2016/17 The state of the world’s human rights © 2017 Amnesty International Prima pubblicazione nel 2017 di Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street, London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom www.amnesty.org Index: POL 10/2552/2016 © 2017 Edizione italiana Amnesty International Sezione Italiana © Copyright Infinito edizioni, 2017 Prima edizione: febbraio 2017 Infinito edizioni S.r.l. Formigine (MO) Posta elettronica: [email protected] Sito Internet: www.infinitoedizioni.it Facebook: Infinito edizioni Twitter: @infinitoed Instagram: Infinito edizioni ISBN 9788868611910 Copertina: Infinito edizioni Impaginazione e grafica: Infinito edizioni Le fotocopie per uso personale del lettore possono essere effettuate nei limiti del 15% di ciascun volume/fascico- lo di periodico dietro pagamento alla SIAE del compenso previsto dall’art. 68, commi 4 e 5, della legge 22 aprile 1941 n. 633. Le fotocopie effettuate per finalità di carattere professionale, economico o commerciale o comun- que per uso diverso da quello personale possono essere effettuate a seguito di specifica autorizzazione rilasciata da CLEARedi, Centro Licenze e Autorizzazioni per le Riproduzioni Editoriali, Corso di Porta Romana 108, 20122 Milano, e-mail [email protected] e sito web www.clearedi.org. Finito di stampare nel mese di febbraio 2017 da Printì Srl – Manocalzati (Av) SS Variante 7/bis, zona industriale di Avellino Tel. 0825.67.57.66 INDICE GENERALE Indice alfabetico dei paesi 7 I Amnesty 11 Sezione Italiana di Amnesty International 12 Abbreviazioni 14 Introduzione 17 Africa Subsahariana 23 Americhe 177 Asia e Pacifico 269 Europa e Asia Centrale 375 Medio Oriente e Africa del Nord 513 Sedi regionali di Amnesty International Italia 619 Difendi i diritti umani nel mondo 621 INDICE ALFABETICO DEI PAESI Afghanistan 283 Albania 387 Algeria 527 Angola 37 Arabia Saudita 531 Argentina 191 Armenia 388 Australia 288 Austria 391 Azerbaigian 392 Bahamas 194 Bahrein 537 Bangladesh 290 Belgio 396 Benin 41 Bielorussia 398 Bolivia 195 Bosnia ed Erzegovina 400 Botswana 43 Brasile 197 Brunei Darussalam 293 Bulgaria 403 Burkina Faso 45 Burundi 48 Cambogia 295 Camerun 54 Canada 204 Ceca, Repubblica 406 Centrafricana, Repubblica 58 Ciad 62 Cile 207 Cina 298 Cipro 408 Colombia 210 7 Rapporto 2016-2017 Congo, Repubblica del 66 Congo, Repubblica Democratica del 68 Corea del Nord 305 Corea del Sud 308 Costa d’Avorio 75 Croazia 409 Cuba 216 Danimarca 412 Dominicana, Repubblica 219 Ecuador 222 Egitto 541 El Salvador 224 Emirati Arabi Uniti 548 Eritrea 78 Estonia 413 Etiopia 80 Figi 312 Filippine 313 Finlandia 414 Francia 416 Gambia 83 Georgia 419 Germania 422 Ghana 87 Giamaica 227 Giappone 316 Giordania 551 Grecia 425 Guatemala 229 Guinea 89 Guinea-Bissau 92 Guinea Equatoriale 94 Haiti 231 Honduras 234 India 318 Indonesia 324 Iran 555 Iraq 562 Irlanda 429 Israele e Territori Palestinesi Occupati 568 Italia 431 Kazakistan 435 Kenya 96 8 Indice alfabetico dei paesi Kirghizistan 438 Kuwait 574 Laos 329 Lesotho 100 Lettonia 441 Libano 577 Libia 580 Lituania 442 Macedonia 443 Madagascar 103 Malawi 105 Maldive 331 Malesia 334 Mali 106 Malta 445 Marocco e Sahara Occidentale 587 Mauritania 109 Messico 236 Moldova 447 Mongolia 337 Montenegro 449 Mozambico 112 Myanmar 338 Namibia 115 Nauru 344 Nepal 345 Nicaragua 243 Niger 117 Nigeria 120 Norvegia 451 Nuova Zelanda 348 Oman 592 Paesi Bassi 452 Pakistan 350 Palestina 594 Papua Nuova Guinea 355 Paraguay 245 Perù 248 Polonia 454 Portogallo 457 Portorico 251 Qatar 598 Regno Unito 459 9 Rapporto 2016-2017 Romania 465 Ruanda 127 Russia 468 Senegal 130 Serbia 473 Sierra Leone 133 Singapore 357 Siria 601 Slovacchia 477 Slovenia 480 Somalia 136 Spagna 482 Sri Lanka 359 Stati Uniti d’America 252 Sud Sudan 140 Sudafrica 145 Sudan 152 Svezia 485 Svizzera 487 Swaziland 157 Tagikistan 489 Taiwan 363 Tanzania 159 Thailandia 364 Timor Est 368 Togo 161 Tunisia 608 Turchia 492 Turkmenistan 499 Ucraina 501 Uganda 164 Ungheria 506 Uruguay 260 Uzbekistan 509 Venezuela 262 Vietnam 370 Yemen 612 Zambia 168 Zimbabwe 170 10 I AMNESTY mnesty International è un movimento mondiale di oltre sette milioni di per- A sone che partecipano a campagne per un mondo dove tutti possano godere dei diritti umani. La sua visione è quella di un mondo in cui a ciascuna per- sona siano garantiti i diritti umani sanciti dalla Dichiarazione universale dei diritti umani e altri standard internazionali sui diritti umani. La missione di Amnesty International è di condurre ricerche e intraprendere azioni specifiche per prevenire e porre fine alle gravi violazioni di tutti i diritti umani: civili, politici, sociali, culturali ed economici. Dalla libertà d’espressione e d’associazione all’integrità fisica e mentale, dalla protezione dalla discriminazione al diritto all’alloggio, tutti i suddetti diritti sono indivisibili. Amnesty International è sovvenzionata principalmente dai propri soci e da libere donazioni. Nessun finanziamento è ricercato o accettato dai governi per le attività d’indagine e le campagne contro le violazioni dei diritti umani. Amnesty Interna- tional è indipendente da qualsiasi governo, ideologia politica, interesse economico o credo religioso. Amnesty International è un movimento democratico in cui le principali decisioni vengono assunte da rappresentanti di tutte le sezioni nazionali, che si riuniscono ogni due anni nel Consiglio internazionale. 11 LA SEZIONE ITALIANA DI AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL a Sezione Italiana sviluppa e coordina le attività delle diverse strutture locali Le il lavoro dei soci e dei sostenitori di Amnesty International nel paese. Oltre a ciò, intraprende azioni di sensibilizzazione, promozione, educazione ai diritti umani, campaigning, lobby nei confronti delle istituzioni e raccolta fondi. Lo staff cura la gestione dell’archivio soci, l’organizzazione delle campagne, i rapporti con la stampa e con le istituzioni, le iniziative nazionali di raccolta fondi, la produzione di materiale promozionale, le attività editoriali ecc. A livello nazionale, strutture di volontari spe- cializzati, i Coordinamenti, con conoscenze e competenze approfondite su paesi o su temi, svolgono un importante ruolo di collegamento con i ricercatori del Segretariato Internazionale. A livello locale operano le circoscrizioni, i gruppi, le antenne e i gruppi giovani. I gruppi sono la struttura base dell’attivismo di Amnesty International e svol- gono attività di mobilitazione, sensibilizzazione (manifestazioni, presenza in pubblico, partecipazione ad azioni ed eventi, raccolta fondi) e di campaigning (raccolta di firme e adesioni ad appelli). I princìpi ispiratori del modello di governance sono la democraticità e la rappre- sentatività degli attivisti e dei soci. L’organo di governo dell’associazione, il Comitato direttivo, è eletto ogni due anni dai soci nell’Assemblea generale ed è costituito da attivisti volontari. La Sezione Italiana ha reso pubblico il proprio Bilancio sociale per il 2015, uno strumento fondamentale per conoscere le attività svolte e i risultati raggiunti dall’orga- nizzazione. Il Bilancio sociale può essere consultato su: http://www.amnesty.it/bilancio-sociale-2015 12 La Sezione Italiana di Amnesty International AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL ITALIA: I NUMERI DEL 2015 65.599 soci e sostenitori di Amnesty Italia 1.782 attiviste e attivisti delle strutture territoriali 174 gruppi sul territorio nazionale 15 circoscrizioni che rappresentano Amnesty Italia a livello regionale 16 coordinamenti di volontari specializzati per tema e area geografica 117.234 attiviste e attivisti al di fuori delle strutture territoriali 555.792 firme raccolte online e dai gruppi 54 appelli e azioni urgenti pubblicati online 629 azioni urgenti distribuite a gruppi e attivisti 51 dipendenti e collaboratori a progetto della sede nazionale e della sede decentrata 331.190 fan su Facebook 263.451 follower su Twitter 506.665 visitatori unici su amnesty.it 1.100 incontri educativi e formativi 26.994 studenti e docenti coinvolti in attività educative 453 comunicati stampa e web news 6,82 mil € risorse economiche raccolte 13 ABBREVIAZIONI • Asean (Association of South-East Asian Nations) si riferisce ad Associazione delle nazioni del Sud- Est Asiatico. • Au (African Union) si riferisce a Unione africana. • Cedaw (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) si riferisce a Convenzione sull’eliminazione di ogni forma di discriminazione nei confronti delle donne.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Gendered Socio-Economic History of Malawian Women's
    “We faced Mabvuto”: A Gendered Socio-economic History of Malawian Women’s Migration and Survival in Harare, 1940 to 1980. A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY IREEN MUDEKA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Name of Adviser: Allen F. Isaacman, Name of Co-adviser: Helena Pohlandt McCormick October 2011 © IREEN MUDEKA Acknowledgements I owe a great debt of gratitude to many friends, colleagues and everyone who provided moral and intellectual support from the period when I started research on this dissertation until its completion. I am very thankful to all Malawian women and men in Rugare, Mufakose, Highfield and Mbare townships of Harare, Zimbabwe and to those in Mpondabwino and Mbayani townships of Zomba and Blantyre who took the time to talk to me about their personal lives. Because of their generosity, they became not just informants but my teachers, mothers, sisters and friends. In Harare, I especially want to thank Mrs. Tavhina Masongera of Rugare for going beyond sharing her life experiences with me to take me under her wing and provide a bridge between me and other women in the townships of Harare as well as of Malawi. Mrs. Masongera took the time to travel with me all the way to Malawi where she introduced me to many women who had lived in Harare during the colonial period. Without her, I would not have known where to begin as a migrant in a country that I was visiting for the very first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Informal Settlements and Squatting in Romania: Socio-Spatial Patterns and Typologies
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHIES – Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography 7.2 (2013) 65–75. ISSN-print: 1843–6587/$–see back cover; ISSN-online: 2067–2284–open access www.humangeographies.org.ro (c) Human Geographies —Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography (c) The author INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS AND SQUATTING IN ROMANIA: SOCIO-SPATIAL PATTERNS AND TYPOLOGIES Bogdan Suditua*, Daniel-Gabriel Vâlceanub a Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, Romania b National Institute for Research and Development in Constructions, Urbanism and Sustainable Spatial Development URBAN-INCERC, Bucharest, Romania Abstract: The emergence of informal settlements in Romania is the result of a mix of factors, including some social and urban planning policies from the communist and post-communist period. Squatting was initially a secondary effect of the relocation process and demolition of housing in communist urban renewal projects, and also a voluntary social and hous- ing policy for the poorest of the same period. Extension and multiple forms of informal settlements and squatting were performed in the post-communist era due to the inappropriate or absence of the legislative tools on urban planning, prop- erties' restitution and management, weak control of the construction sector. The study analyzes the characteristics and spatial typologies of the informal settlements and squatters in relationship with the political and social framework of these types of housing development. Key words: Informal settlements, Squatting, Forced sedentarization, Illegal building, Urban planning regulation. Article Info: Manuscript Received: October 5, 2013; Revised: October 20, 2013; Accepted: November 11, 2013; Online: November 20, 2013. Context child mortality rates and precarious urban conditions (UN-HABITAT, 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Informal Urbanism: the Slow Evolution of a New Form
    Informal Urbanism: The Slow Evolution of a New Form THE INFORMAL CITY One billion people live in slums worldwide.1 This accounts for a staggering one in six people globally, and the num- ber is climbing rapidly. The UN estimates that by 2030 it will be one in four people and by 2050 it will be one in three, for a total of three billion people.2 The vast major- ity of slum dwellers reported in the UN document are those living in the informal settlements of the developing world. Informal settlements vary in their characteristics, but what they have Dan Clark in common is a lack of adequate housing and even basic services such as University of Minnesota roads, clean water, and sanitation. In addition, residents often have no legal claim to the land they have built upon. Consequently, these neighborhoods develop outside the political and legal structure that defines the formal city. Existence outside these abstract organizational structures has a pro- found impact upon the spatial reality of these settlements. New construc- tion happens where and when it is needed, unconstrained by the principles of planning that regulate construction and guarantee integration of ser- vices elsewhere. In fact, the process at work in most informal settlements is a nearly perfect reversal of that at work in the formal city: buildings come first, and roads, utilities, and government follow later. How does this affect its form in comparison to the rest of the city? The building stock is normally shorter and less structurally robust. Its arrange- ment is often organic and more closely follows the terrain.
    [Show full text]
  • Chileshe, Mutale
    Economic shocks, poverty and household food insecurity in urban Zambia: an ethnographic account of Chingola Mutale Chileshe CHLMUT001 Town Cape of Thesis Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Environmental and Geographical UniversityScience University of Cape Town September 2014 Supervisor: Dr. Jane Battersby-Lennard The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. Univeristy of Cape Town DECLARATION I, Mutale Chileshe, hereby declare that the work on which this thesis is based is my original work (except where acknowledgements indicate otherwise) and that neither the whole work nor any part of it has been, is being, or is to be submitted for another degree in this or any other university. I authorise the University to reproduce for the purpose of research either the whole or any portion of the contents in any manner whatsoever. Signed: ___________________________ Date: 18/09/2014 ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my husband, Kelvin Chola Chibangula, for his unwavering encouragement, patience, and support of every kind. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completion of this doctoral dissertation was possible with the support of several people. First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr Jane Battersby for her patient, highly critical and equally encouraging supervisory role. Her dedication to my work is very much appreciated.
    [Show full text]
  • UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT of INDIANA SOUTH BEND DIVISION in Re FEDEX GROUND PACKAGE SYSTEM, INC., EMPLOYMEN
    USDC IN/ND case 3:05-md-00527-RLM-MGG document 3279 filed 03/22/19 page 1 of 354 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF INDIANA SOUTH BEND DIVISION ) Case No. 3:05-MD-527 RLM In re FEDEX GROUND PACKAGE ) (MDL 1700) SYSTEM, INC., EMPLOYMENT ) PRACTICES LITIGATION ) ) ) THIS DOCUMENT RELATES TO: ) ) Carlene Craig, et. al. v. FedEx Case No. 3:05-cv-530 RLM ) Ground Package Systems, Inc., ) ) PROPOSED FINAL APPROVAL ORDER This matter came before the Court for hearing on March 11, 2019, to consider final approval of the proposed ERISA Class Action Settlement reached by and between Plaintiffs Leo Rittenhouse, Jeff Bramlage, Lawrence Liable, Kent Whistler, Mike Moore, Keith Berry, Matthew Cook, Heidi Law, Sylvia O’Brien, Neal Bergkamp, and Dominic Lupo1 (collectively, “the Named Plaintiffs”), on behalf of themselves and the Certified Class, and Defendant FedEx Ground Package System, Inc. (“FXG”) (collectively, “the Parties”), the terms of which Settlement are set forth in the Class Action Settlement Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) attached as Exhibit A to the Joint Declaration of Co-Lead Counsel in support of Preliminary Approval of the Kansas Class Action 1 Carlene Craig withdrew as a Named Plaintiff on November 29, 2006. See MDL Doc. No. 409. Named Plaintiffs Ronald Perry and Alan Pacheco are not movants for final approval and filed an objection [MDL Doc. Nos. 3251/3261]. USDC IN/ND case 3:05-md-00527-RLM-MGG document 3279 filed 03/22/19 page 2 of 354 Settlement [MDL Doc. No. 3154-1]. Also before the Court is ERISA Plaintiffs’ Unopposed Motion for Attorney’s Fees and for Payment of Service Awards to the Named Plaintiffs, filed with the Court on October 19, 2018 [MDL Doc.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of the Appropriateness of Compost Toilets in Sri Lanka: 17 Key Questions
    Assessment of the Appropriateness of Compost Toilets in Sri Lanka: 17 Key Questions (Report 2 of 3 from "Evaluation of the Appropriateness of Ecological Sanitation in Relation to the Social, Cultural and Economic and Financial Context of Sri Lanka") Constanze Windberg, Consultant The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily constitute an endorsement by UNICEF. © UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND Regional Office for South Asia 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY OF RESEARCH ON KEY QUESTIONS A - P .................................................................. i FINDINGS OF RESEARCH ON KEY QUESTIONS A - P Question a: Is the dry composting toilet appropriate for any age group?.................................. 1 Question b: Is the dry composting toilet appropriate for pregnant women? ............................. 2 Question c: Does dry composting toilet require special user’s instructions for menstruating women?............................................................................................. 2 Question d: Does the content, texture and humidity of excreta influence the performance of composting toilet? ........................................................................ 3 Question e: Does the nature, composition and pH of the additive (ash, sawdust, soil…) influence the performance of dry composting toilet?............................................. 3 Question f: Do air humidity and temperature in the composting chamber influence performance? ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Study of Land Administration Systems with Special Reference to Armenia, Moldova, Latvia and Kyrgyzstan
    LAND ADMINISTRATION REFORM: Indicators of Success, Future Challenges Tony Burns, Chris Grant, Kevin Nettle, Anne-Marie Brits and Kate Dalrymple Version: 13 November 2006 A large body of research recognizes the importance of institutions providing land owners with secure tenure and allowing land to be transferred to more productive uses and users. This implies that, under appropriate circumstances, interventions to improve land administration institutions, in support of these goals, can yield significant benefits. At the same time, to make the case for public investment in land administration, it is necessary to consider both the benefits and the costs of such investments. Given the complexity of the issues involved, designing investments in land administration systems is not straightforward. Systems differ widely, depending on each country’s factor endowments and level of economic development. Investments need to be tailored to suit the prevailing legal and institutional framework and the technical capacity for implementation. This implies that, when designing interventions in this area, it is important to have a clear vision of the long-term goals, to use this to make the appropriate decisions on sequencing, and to ensure that whatever measures are undertaken are cost-effective. This study, which originated in a review of the cost of a sample of World Bank- financed land administration projects over the last decade (carried out by Land Equity International Pty Ltd in collaboration with DECRG), provides useful guidance on a number of fronts. First, by using country cases to draw more general conclusions at a regional level, it illustrates differences in the challenges by region, and on the way these will affect interventions in the area of land administration.
    [Show full text]
  • Homelessness in Developing Countries
    The Nature and Extent of Homelessness in Developing Countries CARDO* University of Newcastle upon Tyne DFID Project No. R7905 * Now incorporated into the Global Urban Research Unit (GURU) Summary Highlights Homelessness in Developing Countries What is homelessness? The number of homeless people worldwide is estimated to be between 100 million and one billion, depending on how we count them and the definition used. However, little is known about the causes of homelessness or the characteristics of homeless people in developing countries. A study by CARDO* in the School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, at the University if Newcastle upon Tyne, set out to explore the nature and extent of homelessness in nine developing countries. Most of the countries studied did not have had little or no reliable data on the numbers of homeless people. Several did not have any official definition of homelessness with which to conduct a census. In some countries, street sleepers are actually discounted for census purposes because they have no official house or address. The common perception of homeless people as unemployed, drunks, criminals, mentally ill or personally inadequate is inappropriate. In developing countries homelessness is largely a result of the failure of the housing supply system to address the needs of the rapidly growing urban population. The study found that homeless people: o Have often migrated to the city to escape rural poverty or to supplement rural livelihoods o Are generally employed in low paid, unskilled work o Often choose to sleep on the streets rather than pay for accommodation, preferring to send the money to their families o Are frequently harassed, evicted, abused or imprisoned o Suffer poor health with a range of respiratory and gastric illnesses o Are victims of crime, rather than perpetrators if it o Are predominantly lone males but increasingly couples and families with children Homeless women and children are most often the victims of family abuse.
    [Show full text]
  • Regularización De Asentamientos Informales En América Latina
    Informe sobre Enfoque en Políticas de Suelo • Lincoln Institute of Land Policy Regularización de asentamientos informales en América Latina E d é s i o F E r n a n d E s Regularización de asentamientos informales en América Latina Edésio Fernandes Serie de Informes sobre Enfoque en Políticas de Suelo El Lincoln Institute of Land Policy publica su serie de informes “Policy Focus Report” (Enfoque en Políticas de Suelo) con el objetivo de abordar aquellos temas candentes de política pública que están en relación con el uso del suelo, los mercados del suelo y la tributación sobre la propiedad. Cada uno de estos informes está diseñado con la intención de conectar la teoría con la práctica, combinando resultados de investigación, estudios de casos y contribuciones de académicos de diversas disciplinas, así como profesionales, funcionarios de gobierno locales y ciudadanos de diversas comunidades. Sobre este informe Este informe se propone examinar la preponderancia de asentamientos informales en América Latina y analizar los dos paradigmas fundamentales entre los programas de regularización que se han venido aplicando —con resultados diversos— para mejorar las condiciones de estos asentamientos. El primero, ejemplificado por Perú, se basa en la legalización estricta de la tenencia por medio de la titulación. El segundo, que posee un enfoque mucho más amplio de regularización, es el adoptado por Brasil, el cual combina la titulación legal con la mejora de los servicios públicos, la creación de empleo y las estructuras para el apoyo comunitario. En la elaboración de este informe, el autor adopta un enfoque sociolegal para realizar este análisis en el que se pone de manifiesto que, si bien las prácticas locales varían enormemente, la mayoría de los asentamientos informales en América Latina transgrede el orden legal vigente referido al suelo en cuanto a uso, planeación, registro, edificación y tributación y, por lo tanto, plantea problemas fundamentales de legalidad.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing Citizenship and Gender from Below
    Bea Wittger Squatting in Rio de Janeiro Urban Studies To my mother Bea Wittger completed her doctorate in Latin American History from the Univer- sity of Cologne. Her research interests include Gender, Intersectionality, Citizen- ship, Social Movements, Urban History, with special focus on Brazil. Bea Wittger Squatting in Rio de Janeiro Constructing Citizenship and Gender from Below This study was accepted as a doctoral dissertation by the Faculty of Arts and Hu- manities of the University of Cologne and has been kindly supported by the Fede- ral Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the Research Network for Latin America Ethnicity, Citizenship, Belonging. An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of li- braries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative desig- ned to make high quality books Open Access for the public good. The Open Access ISBN for this book is 978-3-8394-3547-2. More information about the initiative and links to the Open Access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche National- bibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http:// dnb.d-nb.de This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDeri- vatives 4.0 (BY-NC-ND) which means that the text may be used for non-commercial pur- poses, provided credit is given to the author. For details go to http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ To create an adaptation, translation, or derivative of the original work and for commercial use, further permission is required and can be obtained by contacting rights@transcript- publishing.com Creative Commons license terms for re-use do not apply to any content (such as graphs, figures, photos, excerpts, etc.) not original to the Open Access publication and further permission may be required from the rights holder.
    [Show full text]
  • Twenty Years on Poverty and Hardship in Urban Fiji
    Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde Vol. 168, no. 2-3 (2012), pp. 195-218 URL: http://www.kitlv-journals.nl/index.php/btlv URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-101733 Copyright: content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License ISSN: 0006-2294 JENNY BRYANT-TOKALAU Twenty years on Poverty and hardship in urban Fiji Here [in Suva], if we work everyday we can feed ourselves. Five days or 7 days you have to work hard. In farms you don’t have to do much because once you have upgraded all the facilities on your farm it is easy for you. If you earn any amount of money here it will not be sufficient for your family. In Rakiraki [if] you’ve got $50 you earn every week you can provide for your family very well because [of] all the things you can get from the farm. But here if you go to the shop, $200 is nothing for you. Life is better on the farm. (Interview with Hassan 2007.) I was brought up by a single parent – my Mum only. When I was young my grand- parents looked after me in the village (in Rewa). I was educated in the village school from class 1 to class 6. My mum works at domestic duties. I was lucky to come to Suva for my further education. These families helped my Mum with school fees. Since I am not really a clever girl in school I left in Form 5, then I started to have a family at a very young age.
    [Show full text]
  • La Urbanización Informal En Europa En El Siglo XX: Una Historiografía1
    27 ISSN: 2238-9091 (Online) La urbanización informal en Europa en el siglo XX: una historiografía1 Noel A. Manzano Gómez2 Resumen El presente texto realiza un análisis historiográfico intentando abarcar la literatura existente sobre la urbanización informal en territorio europeo, comparando textos que describen este tipo de fenómenos en Francia, España, Portugal, Italia, Grecia, la ex Yugoslavia, Rusia, Alemania, Austria, Suecia y Reino Unido. Se propone como una herramienta abierta que, describiendo en breves líneas las particularidades de los procesos informales en dichos países, y las políticas urbanísticas llevadas a cabo frente a ellos, permita ulteriores investigaciones de tipo comparativo sobre el fenómeno de la informalidad, entendido de un modo amplio, entre el contexto brasileño y europeo. Palabras clave Urbanización informal; Historiografía; Planeamiento Urbano; Europa. Informal urbanization in Europe in the twentieth century: a historiography Abstract The article presents an historiographical analysis trying to embrace the existing liter- ature on informal urbanization in European territory. Comparing texts that describe this type of phenomena in France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, the former Yugosla- via, Russia, Germany, Austria, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The text is proposed as an open tool that, describing in a few lines the particularities of informal processes in those countries, and the urban policies carried out to answer them, allows fur- ther comparative research on the phenomenon of informality, understood in a broad way, between the Brazilian and European context. Keywords Informal urbanization; Historiography; Urban Planning; Europe. Artigo recebido: maio de 2018 Artigo aprovado: julho de 2018 pg 27 - 56 O Social em Questão - Ano XXI - nº 42 - Set a Dez/2018 28 Noel A.
    [Show full text]