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Carte 2 : Déforestation Historique Dans Le Massif De Tsitongambarika (Fort-Dauphin) (© PHCF)

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Carte 2 : Déforestation Historique Dans Le Massif De Tsitongambarika (Fort-Dauphin) (© PHCF) Rabearivony, J., Rasamoelina, M., Ranirison, P., Raveloson, J., Rakotomanana, H., Raselimanana, A.P., Raminosoa, N.R., Zaonarivelo, J.R. 2015. Roles of a forest corridor between Marojejy, Anjanaharibe-Sud and Tsaratanana protected areas, northern Madagascar, in maintaining endemic and threatened Malagasy taxa. Madagascar Conservation & Development 10, 2: 85–92. http://dx.doi.org.104314/mcd.v10i2.7 Supplementary Material Supplementary Material 2. WWF/Foundation GoodPlanet/AirFrance 2013. Programme Holistique de Conservation des Forêts à Madagascar : Quatre années de mise en œuvre, Décembre 2008 à Octobre 2012. PHCF. Unpubl. Report. Programme Holistique de Conservation des Forêts à Madagascar Quatre années de mise en œuvre Octobre 2008 à Décembre 2012 L’équipe du PHCF Mars 2013 LISTE DES SIGLES ET ACRONYMES AFD Agence Française pour le Développement AFOLU Agriculture Forestry and Other Land-Use ALM Agricultural Land Management AP Aire Protégée BVPI Bassin Versant et Périmètres Irrigués CCBA Climate Community & Biodiversity Alliance CIRAD Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement CCNUCC Convention-Cadre des Nations-Unies sur les Changements Climatiques COBA Communauté locale de base COP Conference Of Parties CSA Centre de Services Agricoles CSSP Conservation Science and Species CT-REDD Comité Technique REDD DEA Diplôme d’Etudes Approfondies DP Document de Projet DRDR Direction Régionale pour le Développement Rural DREF Direction Régionale de l’Environnement et des Forêts ESA European Spatial Agency ESSA Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques; Université d’Antananarivo FCI Forest and Climate Initiative, WWF network. FFEM Fonds Français pour l’Environnement Mondial FORECA Forêts comme REservoirs de CArbone GCF Gestion Contractualisée des Forêts GES Gaz à Effet de Serre GIEC Groupe d’Experts Intergouvernemental sur l’Evolution du Climat GSDM Groupement Semis Direct de Madagascar IDH Indice de Développement Humain IEFN Inventaire Ecologique et Forestier National IFS Initiative For Sustainability IOGA Institut et Observatoire de Géophysique d’Antananarivo IRD Institut de Recherche pour le Développement JNRI Jurisdictional and Nested REDD Initiative LRI Laboratoire des Radio-Isotopes ; Université d’Antananarivo) MEF Ministère de l’Environnement et des Forêts MNP Madagascar National Parks MRV Monitoring Reporting and Verification NAP Nouvelle Aire Protégée NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development ONE Office National pour l’Environnement ONFI Office National des Forets International OSC Organisation de la Société Civile PAGS Plan d’Aménagement et de Gestion Simplifié PAM Programme Alimentaire Mondial PANA Programme d’Action National d’Adaptation au Changement Climatique PDDAA Programme Détaillé de Développement de l’Agriculture en Afrique PE3 Programme Environnemental 3 i PGESS Plan de Gestion Environnemental et de Sauvegarde Sociale PHCF Programme Holistique de Conservation des Forêts PNLCC Politique Nationale de Lutte contre le Changement Climatique PSA Programme Sectoriel Agricole PSDR Projet de Soutien au Développement Rural REALU Reducing Emissions from All Land-Uses REDD+ Réduction des Emissions issues de la Déforestation et de la Dégradation des forêts (REDD) et de l’accroissement des stocks en forêt (+) RMDH Rapport Mondial sur le Développement Humain RPP Readiness Preparation Proposal SAPM Système d’Aires Protégées de Madagascar SRA/SRI Système de Riziculture Améliorée/Intensive TGRN Transfert de Gestion des Ressources Naturelles UMLV Université Marne La Vallée - Paris-Est WCS Wildlife Conservation Society WWF World Wide Fund for Nature ii SOMMAIRE Liste des sigles et acronymes __________________________________________________ i LISTE DES FIGURES _________________________________________________________ ix LISTE DES TABLEAUX ________________________________________________________ x LISTE DES PHOTOS _________________________________________________________ xi LISTE DES CARTES __________________________________________________________ xii Chapitre 1 : LA RAISON D’ETRE DU PHCF ________________________________________ 1 A. CONTEXTE INTERNATIONAL ___________________________________________________ 1 B. CONTEXTE NATIONAL ________________________________________________________ 2 C. OBJECTIFS DU PHCF _________________________________________________________ 3 D. PRINCIPAUX AXES __________________________________________________________ 5 1. Volet Conservation et développement _______________________________________________ 5 1.1. Information et sensibilisation du public sur les effets et impacts du Changement climatique 5 1.2. Réduction de la déforestation et la dégradation des forêts __________________________ 5 1.3. Accroissement des stocks de carbone forestier (dimension «+» de REDD+)______________ 6 1.4. Diffusion de pratiques alternatives aux cultures sur brûlis ___________________________ 7 2. Volet comptabilité carbone ________________________________________________________ 8 2.1. Potentiel de réduction d’émissions du PHCF (dimension REDD) _______________________ 8 2.2. Potentiel d’accroissement des stocks de carbone forestier du PHCF (dimension « + » de REDD+) 9 2.3. Contribution à la stratégie nationale REDD+ ______________________________________ 9 2.4. Contribution aux discussions méthodologiques internationales ______________________ 10 E. PRINCIPALES DIFFICULTES RENCONTREES ______________________________________ 10 1. Volet Conservation et Développement ______________________________________________ 10 1.1. Contraintes biophysiques et climatiques ________________________________________ 10 1.2. Contraintes liées aux facteurs sociaux __________________________________________ 11 1.3. Contraintes intrinsèques au projet _____________________________________________ 11 2. Volet Comptabilité Carbone _______________________________________________________ 12 2.1. Evolutions méthodologiques : ________________________________________________ 12 2.2. Gestion des partenariats : ____________________________________________________ 12 2.3. Dispersion et difficultés d’accès aux sites _______________________________________ 12 F. PRINCIPAUX POINTS A RENFORCER/ PERSPECTIVES POUR LA PHASE II _______________ 13 1. Volet Conservation et Développement ______________________________________________ 13 2. Volet Comptabilité carbone _______________________________________________________ 13 Chapitre 2 : LA METHODOLOGIE DU PHCF ______________________________________ 14 A. CADRE GLOBAL DU VOLET CONSERVATION ET DEVELOPPEMENT ___________________ 14 1. Introduction ___________________________________________________________________ 14 2. Approche adoptée par le PHCF ____________________________________________________ 14 2.1. Approche paysage et principes gouvernant le PHCF _______________________________ 14 2.2. Deux niveaux d’intervention __________________________________________________ 17 3. Chronogramme général du déploiement des activités __________________________________ 24 4. Système de suivi du projet pendant la phase I du PHCF _________________________________ 25 B. CADRE GLOBAL DU VOLET COMPTABILITE CARBONE _____________________________ 26 1. Introduction : __________________________________________________________________ 26 2. Choix méthodologique : __________________________________________________________ 27 iii 2.1. Potentiel de réduction d’émissions du PHCF (dimension REDD) ______________________ 27 2.2. Potentiel d’accroissement des stocks de carbone forestier du PHCF (dimension « + » de REDD+) 28 3. Périmètre d’étude de la dimension REDD : ___________________________________________ 28 3.1. Définition des forêts : _______________________________________________________ 28 3.2. Définition de la déforestation : ________________________________________________ 28 3.3. Période de référence : ______________________________________________________ 28 3.4. Région de référence : _______________________________________________________ 29 3.5. Compartiments carbone : ____________________________________________________ 29 3.6. Gaz à effet de serre : ________________________________________________________ 29 C. SPECIFICITES DE LA COMPTABILITE CARBONE DU PHCF ___________________________ 30 1. Potentiel de réduction d’émissions du PHCF (dimension REDD) ___________________________ 30 1.1. Evaluation des stocks de carbone forestier au démarrage du PHCF ___________________ 30 1.2. Projection de la déforestation et des émissions de CO2 correspondantes ______________ 34 2. Evaluation du potentiel d’accroissement des stocks de carbone forestier (dimension « + » de REDD+) ____________________________________________________________________________ 36 3. Préparation du plan de suivi du PHCF _______________________________________________ 37 3.1. Délimitation des zones de fuite _______________________________________________ 37 3.2. Etude « Produits bois » : _____________________________________________________ 38 3.3. Développement conjoint d’un Système d’Information Géographique et du GéoPHCF ____ 39 4. Recherches scientifiques associées _________________________________________________ 39 4.1. Evaluation des coûts de la REDD+ _____________________________________________ 39 4.2. Etude institutionnelle, sociale et politique de la mise en place du mécanisme REDD+ ____ 40 Chapitre 3 : résultats et enseignements du PHCF _________________________________ 41 A. POUR LE VOLET CONSERVATION ET DEVELOPPEMENT ____________________________ 41 1. Résultats globaux sur le volet Conservation et développement
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