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Profil D'ecosysteme Hotspot De Madagascar Et Des Iles

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Profil D'ecosysteme Hotspot De Madagascar Et Des Iles PROFIL D’ECOSYSTEME HOTSPOT DE MADAGASCAR ET DES ILES DE L’OCEAN INDIEN VERSION FINALE DECEMBRE 2014 Cette version du Profil d’écosystème, basée sur la version approuvee par le Conseil des bailleurs du CEPF a été modifiée en décembre 2014 afin d’intégrer des cartes plus precises et de corriger quelques erreurs factuelles au niveau du chapitree 12 et des annexes - Page i Préparé par: Conservation International - Madagascar Sous la Coordination de : Pierre Carret (CEPF) Avec l’appui technique de: Moore Center for Science and Oceans - Conservation International Missouri Botanical Garden Et les conseils du Groupe Consultatif Régional Léon Rajaobelina, Conservation International - Madagascar Richard Hughes, WWF Ŕ Western Indian Ocean Edmond Roger, Université d’Antananarivo, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales Christopher Holmes, WCS Ŕ Wildlife Conservation Society Steve Goodman, Vahatra Will Turner, Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International Ali Mohamed Soilihi, Point focal du FEM, Comores; Xavier Luc Duval, Point focal du FEM, Maurice Maurice Loustau-Lalanne, Point focal du FEM, Seychelles Edmée Ralalaharisoa, Point focal du FEM, Madagascar Vikash Tatayah, Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Andry Ralamboson Andriamanga, Alliance Voahary Gasy Idaroussi Hamadi, CNDD- Comores Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles Luc Gigord, Conservatoire botanique du Mascarin, Réunion Claude- Anne Gauthier, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris Jean-Paul Gaudechoux, Commission de l’Océan Indien Equipe responsable de la rédaction des différents chapitres: Pierre Carret (CEPF) Harison Rabarison, Nirhy Rabibisoa, Setra Andriamanaitra, Evah Andriamboavonjy, Patricia Ramarojaona, Narindra Mbolasoa Ramahefamanana (Equipe de consultants- Madagascar) ; Luciano Andriamaro, Michele Andrianarisata, Harison Randrianasolo, Ando Rabearisoa, Andriambolantsoa Rasolohery, Jeannicq Randrianarisoa (Conservation- International) ; Aurelia Labedan, Guy Rafamatanantsoa, Mathieu Souquet, Yannick Giloux, Vincent Florens, Yahaya Ibrahim, Gérard Rocamora (Equipe de consultants- Autres Iles de l’Océan Indien) Equipe responsable du chapitre sur les Zones Clés de Biodiversité et les services écosystémiques Rachel Neugarten, Miroslav Honzák, Hedley Grantham, Kellee Koenig, Max Wright, Luciano Andriamaro, Andriambolantsoa Rasolohery, Madeleine Bottrill, Andres Cano, David Hole, Daniel Juhn, Leonardo Saenz, Marc Steininger, Will Turner (Conservation International Ŕ Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International Ŕ Madagascar) Page ii Le CEPF remercie toutes les personnes et institution suivantes qui ont participé aux consultations et contribué au Profil: Madagascar Wealth Accounting and the valuation of Ecosystem Services (WAVES) Direction Générale Eau Comité National sur la Gestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières Direction Générale de la Météorologie (GIZC) Direction Générale de l’Environnement (DGE) Association Vondrone Ivon’ny Fampandrosoana (VIF) Direction Générale des Mines Service d’Appui à la Gestion de l’Environnement (SAGE) Direction de Conservation de la Biodiversité et du Système Association RENIALA des Aires Protégées (DCBSAP) Groupe d’Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates (GERP) Direction Changement Climatique Madagascar National Parks (MNP) Direction de la Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles Moore Center for Science Vice Primature en charge du Développement et de Amphibian Specialist Group/IUCN l’Aménagement du Territoire Madagascar Biodiversity Partnership (MBP) Laboratoire de Recherche Appliquée (LRA) Agence Francaise de Developpement (Bureau de Réseau des Educateurs et Professionnels de la Conservation Madagascar) (REPC) Délégation de la Commission Européenne à Madagascar Conservation International Banque Mondiale, Madagascar Office Conservatoire Botanique de Brest Fondation Tany Meva Mauritius WWF Madagascar The Peregrine Fund (TPF) Forestry Services Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales (DBEV)- National Parks and Conservation Services (NPCS) Faculté des Sciences Agricultural Research and Extension Unit (AREU) BIOTOPE Madagascar The Mauritius Herbarium Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Ministry of Fisheries Projet Minier Ambatovy Mauritius Oceanography Institute (MOI) Alliance Voahary Gasy (AVG) UNDP-GEF Small Grants Réseau de la Biodiversité de Madagascar (REBIOMA) MMCS L’homme et l’environnement Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Naturevolution Reef Mauritius Association Vahatra La Vallée de Ferney Centre National de Recherches sur l’Environnement BCM Ltd (Mauritius) (CNRE) Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG) Seychelles Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural (FOFIFA) Ministry of Environment and Energy (MEE) Association Nationale d’Actions Environnementales Project Coordinating Unit (UNDP/GEF/Gvt) (ANAE) Seychelles National Parks Authority (SNPA) Kew Madagascar Conservation Center Island Conservation Society (ICS) Departement de Biologie Animale (DBA)- Faculté des Seychelles Islands Foundation (SIF) Sciences Shark Research Foundation, Seychelles (SRFS) ASITY Madagasikara Artisanal Shark Fishers Association (ASFA) Madagascar Voakajy (MAVOA) Marine Research Institute, Seychelles (MRIS) Association du Réseau des Systèmes d’Information Nature Seychelles Environnementale (ARSIE) Plant Conservation Action group (PCA) Office National pour l’Environnement (ONE) TAGGS Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust Terrestrial Restoration Action Association of Seychelles California Academy of Sciences (CAS) (TRASS) Institut National de la Statistique de Madagascar (INSTAT) Ministry of Environment and Energy (Praslin) Fondation pour les Aires Protégées et la Biodiversité de University of Seychelles Madagascar (FAPBM) Sustainability for Seychelles (S4S) Turtle Survival Alliance (TSA) Port Glaud Environment Club (CBO) Voahary Salama Belombre Action Team (CBO) Blue Ventures p. i La Réunion, Mayotte, Iles Eparses Comores Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises (Iles Eparses) Direction Nationale de l’Environnement et des Forêts Direction de l’Environnement de l’Aménagement et du Ministère de l’Environnement Logement (DEAL) - Réunion Commissariat de l’Environnement Brigade Nature de l’Océan Indien Direction Générale de Tourisme Office National des Forêts CNDRS Parc National de La Réunion Syndicat des Pêches Comoriens Réserve Naturelle Nationale Marine de La Réunion PNUD/AFD Réserve Naturelle Nationale de l’Etang Saint Paul Dahari Conservatoire du Littoral Association de Développement Culturel de Maoueni Conservatoire botanique national de Mascarin Itsandra Insectarium Réunion Commissariat Général du Plan Aquarium de La Réunion ONG ULANGA Ngazidja Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de La Réunion - MHN Direction Général du Plan et des statistiques Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris Ŕ Direction Maison de Tourisme du Patrimoine Naturel Etat Major des forcées armés comorienne Globice Projet PNDH (FIDA/FEEM) Vie Océane Projet de mise en place du réseau national d’Aire protégée Kelonia Chambre de Commerce, d’Industrie d’Agriculture et Croix Rouge de La Réunion d’Artisanat Ile de La Réunion Tourisme (IRT) Direction de la pêche Direction de l’Environnement de l’Aménagement et du Université des Comores Logement - DEAL Mayotte ONG AIDE Comité départemental du tourisme de Mayotte ONG APG (protection du cœlacanthe) Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie de Mayotte Syndicat National des agriculteurs Sociéte d’études ornithologiques de La Réunion (SEOR) PNUD PNUD-GEF- Small Grants Program Agence Française de Développement (AFD) p. ii RÉSUMÉ EXÉCUTIF .................................................................................................................. 6 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 11 2. CONTEXTE DE L’ÉTUDE ............................................................................................... 14 2.1. Les fondations : expérience des investissements précédents du CEPF .......................... 14 2.2. Processus et démarche pour le développement du Profil d’Ecosystème ....................... 17 2.3. Processus de consultation ............................................................................................... 19 3. IMPORTANCE BIOLOGIQUE DU HOTSPOT ............................................................ 21 3.1. Géographie, géologie et climat....................................................................................... 21 3.2. Biomes, habitats et écosystèmes .................................................................................... 25 3.3. Diversité spécifique et endémisme : Biodiversité terrestre (inclus zones humides) ...... 28 3.4. Diversité spécifique et endémisme : Biodiversité marine .............................................. 35 4. OBJECTIFS DE CONSERVATION ................................................................................ 38 4.1. Objectifs liés aux espèces ............................................................................................... 39 4.2. Objectifs liés aux sites .................................................................................................... 46 4.3. Corridors de conservation : unités de planification pour la conservation ...................... 76 5. ZONES CLÉS POUR LA BIODIVERSITÉ ET SERVICES ÉCOSYSTÉMIQUES (ZCB+) À MADAGASCAR ....................................................................................................... 84 5.1. Importance des services écosystémiques à Madagascar ...............................................
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