PROJECT DESCRIPTION + DIPLOMA PROGRAM

A R C T I C S H E L T E R S Investigations into alternative accommodation at the

Spring term 2020 Hanne Ødesneltvedt

Tutors: Sverre Aaker Sondresen Eva Kun INDEX

Bergen School of Architecture Project description 18.06.20 Sandviksboder 59-61 a, 5841 Bergen [email protected] Diploma program 06.02.20 WHERE / CONTEXT This Diploma project takes place at the Among those tourists who actually choo- northernmost part of mainland Europe, se to visit other parts of Magerøya, hiking INTENTION HOW / PROCESS the island of Magerøya in Northern Nor- in the plains and outskirts is a popular The intention of this Diploma is therefo- The foundation of the diploma is a way. Each year the island is visited by se- activity, and there are several established re to present proposals for infrastructure thorough analysis based on interviews veral hundred thousand tourists. A vast paths on the island. Based on several that facilitates an alternative way to expe- with local experts, review of relevant lite- majority of these tourists come to the interviews with local experts on tourism rience the island closer to nature, but also rature, a physical field trip, a written essay, island with one goal in mind: visiting the and infrastructure, it seems that there are to be able to control the destruction of gathering of maps and photos, producti- North Cape Plateau. The Plateau is wide- very few places where tourists can actu- nature to a certen extent. on of sketches and more. The analysis ly known as the northernmost point, and ally experience nature, wildlife and his- has resulted in two final proposals, one is an icon circulating social media and the tory over time in these places, and at the as an accommodation for overnight stays internet in general. same time stay safe from the harsh cli- and the other as a small shelter for hikers. matic conditions. Weather may change in At the same time, Magerøya has more to a heartbeat, and local rescue operations During interviews with locals, two specific offer than just the northern location and are often carried out because of stranded locations emerged: Langnes and Knivs- the iconic plateau. The island has a uni- tourists. The island is notoriously known kjelodden. que arctic climate, animal wildlife and a for sudden avalanches, fog, heavy preci- bizarre and violent history. This combinati- pitation and wind. These conditions can on makes Magerøya an island where one be quite surprising and dangerous for an may experience lots of interesting things unprepared hiker. Hikers using the path, Knivskjelodden – but many people seem to be unaware Photo: Steinar Hansen of the possibilities. KNIVSKJELODDEN LANGNES Knivskjelodden is a rock formation on the During the interviews, several experts Langnes is a location on the west coast At the same time, the area surrounding northern part of the island, and the most mentioned this exact spot and the need of Magerøya, close to the fishing village Langnes is rich in historic locations, inclu- popular hiking destination on Magerøya. for supporting infrastructure because of Gjesvær. ding ruins and signs of the destruction Most people think of the North Cape Pla- the high number of yearly visitors. Becau- during World War 2. In 1944 the Germa- teau is the northernmost point, but in rea- se of this the proposal for this location is This area is known for its rich wildlife ny Nazis burnt the whole region to the lity Knivskjellodden is about 1 600 meters a shelter in which hikers can take refuge. population, specifically nesting birds on ground, and many locals fled for the mo- farther north. This is probably one of the Gjesværstappan with over a million birds. untains. In this location it is possible to reasons for its popularity. This makes it a popular location for wild- experience two pre-war houses that the life enthusiasts. Bird safaris by boat is a Nazis “forgot” to burn and one of the ca- The hike is 8,6 km and is estimated to take popular activity among tourists, but the- ves that was used as makeshift homes by 2,5h one way. This makes it a whole-day re are few places where one can actually locals during this period. trip where one are out in the bare nature stay the night and experience this wildlife For these reasons, there seems to be a for at least 5 hours. This means that most and climate upclose over time. possibility to construct an accommoda- people would like to have a small break tion where tourists can experience both during the hike, to eat, drink and enjoy Langnes is situated between Gjesvær history and wildlife up close. the landscape. As of June 2020, there is and the mountain Lilletuva. It is a 2,7 kilo- no place to get shelter from changing and meter long hike which is estimated to less than 1h one way. The terrain is flat and difficult weather. Hikers who have a break at Knivskjelodden looking at the North Cape Plateau Photo: Steinar Hansen humid, and is easily accessible from both land and sea. The fishing village around Langnes before 2. WW How the area looks today, two pre-war houses Owner of photo: Steinar Hansen Photo: Steinar Hansen KNIVSKJELODDEN LANGNES THE PROJECT On Knivskjelodden the proposed solution On Langnes the proposed solution is a Some of the historical elements will be is a simple shelter primarily to be used as small accommodation with facilities for clarified though signs. The pre-war- ho a day-time shelter where hikers can sit overnight stays for small groups of peo- uses will serve a museum, gallery and down, eat their food, enjoy the view and ple. The accommodation is to be served toilets. The intention is to make the area be protected from the weather. The shel- on a book-to-use, short time basis. available to experience whether one are a ter serves on a free-for-all basis and shall The objective is to locate it close to his- shelter-visitor or a hiker for the day. be open at all times for those in need. If toric sites, but at the same time close to necessary, it will also be possible to seek wildlife populations without causing dis- refuge for longer periods until weather turbance to animals or cause harm to the conditions change for the better. historic locations or nature. On this basis, Other elements such as toilets and in- users are able to experience the unique formation board by the parking area will wildlife and history during an overnight make the shelter collaborate with the stay. existing infrastructure and give the user a coherent experience of the area. Knivskjelvika / Knivskjelodden Photo: Steinar Hansen

The Northern Light / Aurora Borealis above Langnes and Lietuva Photo: Steinar Hansen COMMON AND DIFFERENT ATTRIBUTES

Due to severe weather and climate condi- with elevated sleeping area, protected tions on Magerøya (and the arctic coast in entrance and walls at a certain angle to general), construction principles and the make the most of the sun. Another area use of specific materials are of importan- of focus in the design are natural light ce. phenomena such as the midnight sun and northern lights (Aurora Borealis). An important aspect is that these con- structions need to be designed to wit- For both constructions it is also of im- hstand heavy wind, rain and snow, while portance to keep interference with natu- also giving the user the ability to enjoy na- re as low as possible. The main reason ture, nearby history and wildlife.Because for this is the climatic conditions in the of the different locations and purposes, arctic which makes it harder for plants the shelter and accommodation have dif- and vegetation to grow. ferent challenges and qualities. Therefo- re, they are developed differently in both Interference such as heavy foundations form and materials. and excavations may cause geological scars that may be difficult to fix should At the same time, both constructions there be a need to remove the constru- bear resemblance to traditional building ctions in the future. An answer to this techniques from arctic indigenous popu- is using stilts and similar techniques to lations as well as newer theories of clima- anchor the building. te adaptation, such as an open space SpringDIPLOMA term 2020 PROGRAM Hanne Ødesneltvedt

Tutors: Sverre Aaker Sondresen Eva Kun InvestigationsARCTIC into alternative SHELTERSaccommodation at the North Cape Bergen School of Architecture Sandviksboder 59-61 a, 5841 Bergen [email protected]

FEBRUARY 2020 WHERE 8 WHAT 9 WHY 10 HOW 12 TIMELINE 14 CLIMATIC FACTORS 16 INDEX WILDLIFE 18 THE TOURISM 20 CONSEPT MODEL 22 FRAMEWORK 24 SITE VISIT 26 CV 27 REFERENCES 30

12 13 WHERE

Nordkapp municipality

71° 01' 00" N / 25° 47' 00" E

892 km2 3. 178 inhabitants

Administration center: Honningsvåg

County: Troms og

1 About 300 000 tourists each year

14 15 THE PLACE

Honningsvåg, Magerøya

70° 58' 33" N / 25° 58' 59" E

436.6 km2 Magerøya 2484 inhabitants

16 17 W H E R E Honningsvåg, a town on the W H A T SHELTER SAMI island Magerøya in Small cabins/lodges that can noun The Sami are indigenous who county in Finnmark, . accommodate small groups of 1. have their traditional settle- It is the northernmost town in people for short term stays in a place giving temporary prote- ments in Norway, Sweden, mainland Europe, located abo- the arctic nature. A cabin built to ction from bad weather or dan- Finland and Russia. The land ve the arctic circle at 71 degrees withstand the extreme artic cli- ger. that the sami traditionally inha- north. Honningsvåg has 2 484 mate and give the users a spe- ”huts like this are used as a shel- bit is called Sápmi. The Sami residents but people also live in cial experience close to nature ter during the winter” population lives in all the co- smaller areas on the island such without damaging it. The cabins untries that have divided Sáp- as Norvågen, Gjesvær, Skars- 2 will be shaped by the qualities 2. mi between them, both insi- våg and Kamøyvær. from midnight sun in summer a tiny airport and several interna- and challenges of the various a shielded or safe condition; de and outside the traditional As many other seaports Hon- to the polar nights during win- tional cruise docs in the centre of sites. A wish is that the cabins protection. settlement area.6 ningsvåg´s main industry was ter. Its proximity to the Barents the town. But at the same time merge with the terrain and pro- ”he hung back in the shelter of traditionally fishing, but in recent Sea means heavy weather all all of them are often shut down vide the most important, shelter. a rock” 3 years tourism has grown to be- year including blizzards, extre- during heavy weather. This me- come a big part of the daily bu- me wind and rain, fog and rough ans that the island is frequently siness. seas. isolated up to several hours or Due to its location, the area has The town is connected to main- days during winter. an extreme weather change land through a tunnel under sea,

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18 19 W H Y Honningsvåg is located only 30 number of tourists suddenly out- busses and then shipped to the I have chosen Magerøya and gives room for the project to de- kilometers from The North Cape number the local population by North Cape Plateau. This me- Honningsvåg as the location for velop in several different directi- Plateau which is famous of being far. The high number of tourists ans that most tourists do not my diploma for several reasons. ons which I regard as a quality. “the northernmost point in Euro- generates extraordinary income get to experience the life in Hon- First and foremost, I want to pe except from Svalbard”, but for the tourism industry, which ningsvåg and the nature surro- challenge myself when it comes Together with the rest of Finn- in reality Knivskjerodden is ca. is predominantly owned by pri- unding it. to building in extreme weather. I mark and Nord-Troms, Mager- 1600 meters further north. But vate corporations. The cruise want to go back to the first part øya also has a different war his- because of The North Cape Pla- passengers are often routed di- of the study where we learn to tory than the rest of the country. teau´s majestic steep cliffs and rectly from the dock into rented arrange for the most needed When Soviet troops entered easier access makes the plateau - shelter, sleep, eat, toilet etc. into eastern Finnmark in 1944, the main tourist attraction in the How to have few facilities but still the Germans razed and burned area. The fact that Honningsvåg be able to maximize the experi- down almost all the villages of is the closets town to The North With this project I would like to present an alternative to ence. Some of the challenges North-Troms and Finnmark. This Cape Plateau results in 250-300 this “tourism machinery” and give both tourists and locals will be to create something that led to a major restoration project, 000 tourists each year. the ability to experience the spectacular area of Magerøya. works both summer and winter which included Honningsvåg.7 At peak seasons during the because there are big contrasts summer months, several crui- were some of the important se ships and tourist busses en- ones are light and landscape. ter the city. This means that the The island as a tourist attraction

20 21 The macro scale will be to get an overview of Finnmark’s war history. Where the reconstructi- on of the cities is particularly in- Visit the site for a deeper understanding of the place teresting. and the people. Interview, pictures, excursions,1:1. H O W 8 In the process of the diploma I The Meso scale will be about Study the existing tourism that explores the landscape want to work in three different understanding the qualities and and wildlife. scales. I will work with them at challenges in Nordkapp muni- the same time, but the main fo- cipality. Tourists (tourist gaze), Study the climate and ecology of the area, how to build cus will vary throughout the se- inhabitants, climate, materials, with nature and not against it. mester. infrastructure etc.

10 Mapp local materials. The micro scale deals with how the design of the project is to be Explore in models in different terrain and weather facilitated specific plots, how the conditions. cabins are connected to each other and the function of them.

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22 23 November - Norwegian military mission and T I M E L I N E Norway, the first Norwegian a selection of the history of Finnmark Sweden, forces from Britain Russia joint arrived at Kirkenes. It ownership of was established civilian The recovery of parts of board and relief efforts Finnmark took ca. 8-9 The fish Finnmark. 11 for restoration started. years. They started The establis- became an Soviet forces withdrew Husbanken: to provide shelter/ 11 hment of the important Russians and Autumn - from Finnmark. created, homes for the people Saami parlia- commodity Norwegians Germans responsible for who returned. In the 13 17 ment and Norwegi- ravaged in 15 fighting Soviet compensation first part of this period, each other’s many lived in makeshift nordsamisk: ans settled in forces until for the war 11 11 11 11 11 16 Sámediggi. Finnmark. land. November 6. damage. homes. 900 1300 1200 1700 1923 1947 - 1953 1940 1944 1946 1947 1989 13/1400

Harald Hårfa- War Second World Håkon 5. built October - Forced eva- Finnmarkskontoret: Gjenreisninghus: Ar- gre: After the the fortress cuation of the popula- Administration cre- chitectual competition saga tradition, Vardøhus The border tion. One-third hid and ated in Harstad to for house types that he was the 11 in Vardø. with the Soviet avoided evacuation. As coordinate and or- could be built quickly. first king of Union was the Germans moved ganize the recovery. However, mangy people Norway12 Border conflict confirmed by west they burned 800 employees.16 chose to build their own with Sweden 11 treaties. 11 and Russia. down all the buildings. houses to avoid loans. Rivalry over 10,400 homes, bridges, Finnmark 14 telephone lines and po- The border German between wer plants and fishing with Finland occupation of Norway and 11vessels were destroyed. 11 was confirmed Finnmark. Russia. by treaties. 11 Without major 11 19 damage. 18 24 25 C L I M A T I C F A C T O R S MIDNIGHT SUN: The place is known for its The bedrock The midnight sun signifies that the sun is over the horizon complicated coastline, deep The mainland in the Nort- all day. This occurs north of the northern polar circle and fjords and large plains. The hern Cape: mainly sand- 20 south of the southern polar circle. vegetation is poorer than in stone and shale. Days of midnigth sun in Nordkapp: 81 inner parts of Finnmark. Th- Magerøya: sandstone date: 12.05-01.08 ere are over 200 plant spe- and slate but also smal- cies, most of which are Ar- ler areas with gabbro and DARK SEASON: ctic. There is no productive granite.24 The Dark season is the time of year when the solar center forest in the municipality, but (sometimes counted as the upper edge of the sun) does in some places it can grow 21 not cross the site’s horizon at noon. mountain birch and willow Days without sun: 66 grove. 23 Date: 19.11-24-01 The Norwegian Atlantic cur- rent makes the coast nor- NORTHEN LIGHT: mally ice free even in winter. The Northern Lights are a light phenomenon that occurs when energy-rich particles are thrown from the Sun to Earth.22 25

26 27 Birdlife: At the Gjesværstappan Nature Reindeer: In summer the reindeer are The king crab is originally from the Paci- Reserve has a diverse bird life during the grazing on Magerøya. Normally you see fic Ocean. In the 1960s, the crab species period April to September. There are milli- them by the road or futher out in the was introduced to Murmansk by Soviet ons of birds and some of the species you landscape. But it can also happend that biologists. Today, the crab species has W I L D L I F E can see are sea eagles, puffins, ales, co- some of them walks in to a garden or in spread along parts of the Norwegian co- rmorants and thieves. Honningsvåg center. ast. It is undesirable in Norwegian waters but has become a commercial species for Norwegian crab fishermen in the Nort- hern Cape region.26

28 29 Unique object THE TOURIST 27 28 Romantic gaze GAZE

Collective gaze

T H E T O U R I S M Spectatorial gaze Typical characters In my social science essay, I wrote about : How the concept of ”The tourist gauze” has described the development of tourism in recent decades, and how can this help to in- Reverential gaze terpret today’s tourism in ? 29 Anthropological gaze

Environmental gaze Everyday chores Mediatised gaze

Family gaze 30

Mutual gaze types of tourist gazes Different Elements for the tourist gaze to occur Specific characters

30 31 C O N C E P T M O D E L

32 33 F R A M E W O R K

SCALE SCALE SCALE SCALE SCALE MA JUNE FEBRURAR MARCH APRIL 14 19 23 6 PHASE 1 10 Defining program 2. Tutorial w. Sverre 6-7. Tutorial w. Sverre Research - history and weather study 2. deliver project description 8. hand in a brief project 6. Deadline Diploma Program Preparation - site visit 5-6. 2. presentation: present descrition before pres. - collect data 11. external review w, invited Prepare for 2. diploma presentation scales externals PHASE 2 Define the architecture program 15 20 24 7 11 Materials Site model/s (1:500) 12. external review w, invited 11. Tutorial w. Sverre Site visit 11. Tutorial w. Sverre 12. lecture: structual design Investigate design in models externals 15. hand in project des- Reviews/Exam + tutorials by Engineer Reflect and rethink PHASE 4 cription 13. lecture: sustainability + Make base drawings Narrative tutorials. Prepare for 3. diploma presentation Spatial illustrations 16 21 25 8 12 Model photos Build exhibitions 16. Tutorial w. Sverre 18. exhibition preview, 20-25 Site visit: 18-19. Tutorial w. Sverre 20. hand in project descripti- CA,TC Alta - Hammerfest - 23. lecture: indoor climate on before presentation - Honningsvg and building physics + tutori-

Lectures als by Engineer

Presentations 17 22 26 9 13 21. lecture: sustainability 24. exhibition must be 29. Tutorial w. Sverre 24. lecture: sustainability + w. focus on Landscape + completed by 17:00 tutorials by Marco C tutorials by Nancy 27. EAM 25. Kim Christensen Engi- 23-24. 3. presentation: 30. Consensus meeting neer drawings and models in 26. lecture: relationship btw construction and architecture by André F to tutors Tutorials

submissions PHASE 3 18 Redefine concept 27 Develop project trough final drawings Architectural proposal Strengthen the project in every step Details 1:50 and 1:5 Models in different scales

34 35 SITE VISIT CV EDUCATION 20-25 february 2020 Bergen School of Architecture 20. Bergen Alta Hammerfest 2015 – 2020 Master in architecture (MNAL), 5th year student

21. Hammerfest Universitat International de Catalunya 2018 School of Architecture 22. Hammerfest Honningsvåg (Hurtigruten) Exchange student, 1 semester

Hanne Ødesneltvedt 2014 – 2015 University of Stavanger 23. Honningsvåg 07.02.1994 Løbergvegen 29 Economy and administration, 1 year 24. Honningsvåg 3719 Skien Norway 2013 – 2014 University of South-Eastern Norway +47 90619171 25. Honningsvåg Alta Bergen [email protected] Mathematics and Physics , 1 year

36 37 MASTER COURCES Semester 3 - Complex Context Autumn 2019 Tutors: André Fontes and Tom Chamberlaine PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE BAS Exploring the complex of an aging city - a city suitable and usable for all ages and cultures - regardless Børve Borchsenius of people’s abilities or disabilities. The project shall have an urban understanding, in Bergen - in suruban Summer of 2019 territories. understanding the relationship of a building and the urban context. Architecture office Open Space - universal design Semester 2 - Tutors: Vibeke Jensen and Charlotte Erckrath Asplan Viak AS Spring 2019 Collective of 6 students Summer of 2018 1. Making a book about the theme universal design. Mapping our observations and learnings throughout Architecture office BAS the whole semester. (The book will be published) 2. Body mapping -Study how our body works with focus on joints. To understand the body to be able to understand others. 3. Action in space/Space mapping - Study a movement on the mezzanine to discover its qualities. EFD induction 4. Making a ramp on the mezzanine from one floor to another. The goal was to make a universal space Summer of 2017 which has as many possibilities as possibly. Induction heating technology Semester 1 - Service secretary logistics Autumn 2018 Computational Design (Rhino) UiC Lectures, assignments and exam in the software History of Art and Architecture Greek - Today English II Learning outcomes: How to present and write about architecture in English. Design Studio III The task consisted of creating a project in the area by the historic Romanesque wall from 15-10 BC in Barcelona, Barri Còtic.

38 39 nord-troms-etter-1945 05.02 17 Photo: A makeshift home for a family in Kvænangen in Nord-Troms, 1945. J. Utheim / Norwegian REFERENCES Technical Museum https://www.norgeshistorie.no/andre-verdenskrig/artikler/1737-gjenreisningen-av-finn- 1 https://snl.no/Nordkapp 3.02 mark-og-nord-troms-etter-1945 05.02 2 Photo: Honningsvåg. Schnoph. (u,d). https://snl.no/Honningsv%C3%A5g 05.02 18 Photo: Honningsvåg. Ruiner rundt kirka. Repro: Mary Vik. 1945. https://digitaltmuseum. 3 Definition of shelter. https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/shelter 05.02 no/021017648348/honningsvag-ruiner-rundt-kirka-som-var-eneste-bygningen-som-sto-igjen-etter 05.02 4 Photo: Ground-Plan, Roof-Plan, and Section of Eskimo Men’s House. Edward Sheriff Curtis. (u.d) 19 Photo: Et gjenreisningshus i Honningsvåg. Ola Hanche-Olsen. (u,d). http://www.omnia.ie/index. https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/objects/ground-plan-roof-plan-and-section-of-eskimo-mens-house php?navigation_function=2&navigation_item=%2F2022608%2FFBIB_FBib_04010_047&repid=1 05.02 05.01 20 https://snl.no/midnattssol 04.02 5 Photo: Swedish Sami and a dog outside the doorway of a gamme. Lindahl, Axel. 1906. Norsk Fol- 21 https://snl.no/m%C3%B8rketid 04.02 kemuseum. https://digitaltmuseum.no/011013387568/svenske-samer-og-en-hund-utenfor-dorapningen- 22 https://snl.no/nordlys 04.02 til-en-gamme-fem-voksne-og 14.04 23 https://snl.no/Nordkapp 04.02 6 Definition of sami. Berg-Nordlie.M, Harald.G. https://snl.no/samer. 14.04 24 https://snl.no/Nordkapp 04.02 7 https://snl.no/Norge_under_andre_verdenskrig 04.02 25 Photo: Hornvika. (u,d). https://www.google.com/search?q=hornvika&sxsrf=ACYBGNQnnsQ9AF- 8 Photo: Finnmark. Wikipedia. (u,d). http://www.kartnorge.net/finnmark/ 06.02 HAPOfpqKLH9WNCiusMbA:1581001280260&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj13cvd- 9 Photo: Kirkeporten. 2016. https://etstortstykkenorge.blogspot.com/2016/06/kirkeporten.html 06.02 mL3nAhXD5KYKHbDxBQgQ_AUoAXoECBMQAw&biw=1609&bih=752&dpr=2#imgrc=oRNXVdXvk7qxEM 10 Mapp: Nordkapp. https://snazzymaps.com/ 06.02 06.01 11 https://snl.no/Finnmarks_historie 05.02 26 https://www.nordkapp.no/no/fakta/226-dyreliv 04.02 12 https://snl.no/Harald_H%C3%A5rfagre 05.02 27 Urry, John og Jonas Larsen. 2011. The Tourist Gaze 3.0. SAGE publications, London. 13 Photo: Seien sløyes av Olaf Løkke, bak står Karl Johnsen. 1940. Honningsvåg. Elisabeth Meyer. 28 Photo: Globusen på Nortkapplatået, Hanne Ødesneltvedt, 2017 https://digitaltmuseum.no/021015842921/seien-i-honningsvag 05.02 29 Photo: Reindeers on Magerøya, Hanne Ødesneltvedt, 2017 14 Photo: Flyfoto av Vardøhus festning. Vardø. Sverre Sørsdal 1935. https://digitaltmuseum. 30 Photo: Man on ski, Kjell-Vidar Forsberg (u,d) no/021015792169/flyfoto-av-vardohus-festning-vi-ser-festningvollen-formet-i-stjerneformasjonen 05.02 https://www.nrk.no/finnmark/stengte-veier-og-skredfare-i-nordkapp_-_-men- vi-er-ikke-radlo- 15 Photo: Honningsvåg. Tyske soldater fra Porsangneset på vei til fotballkamp. 1941-1944. Egel Wal- se-1.14859747 (30.01.20) ter. https://digitaltmuseum.no/021015901266/fussballspieler-in-honningsvag 05.02 31 Photo: Honningsvåg church, Honningsvåg kirke (u,d) https://www.nordkapp.no/no/attraksjoner/ 16 https://www.norgeshistorie.no/andre-verdenskrig/artikler/1737-gjenreisningen-av-finnmark-og- item/honningsvag-kirke (30.01.20)

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