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The Spaniards & Their Country
' (. ' illit,;; !•' 1,1;, , !mii;t( ';•'';• TIE SPANIARDS THEIR COUNTRY. BY RICHARD FORD, AUTHOR OF THE HANDBOOK OF SPAIN. NEW EDITION, COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME. NEW YORK: GEORGE P. PUTNAM, 155 BROADWAY. 1848. f^iii •X) -+- % HONOURABLE MRS. FORD, These pages, which she has been, so good as to peruse and approve of, are dedicated, in the hopes that other fair readers may follow her example, By her very affectionate Husband and Servant, Richard Ford. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAOK. A General View of Spain—Isolation—King of the Spains—Castilian Precedence—Localism—Want of Union—Admiration of Spain—M. Thiers in Spain , . 1 CHAPTER II. The Geography of Spain—Zones—Mountains—The Pyrenees—The Gabacho, and French Politics . ... 7 CHAPTER in. The Rivers of Spain—Bridges—Navigation—The Ebro and Tagus . 23 CHAPTER IV. Divisions into Provinces—Ancient Demarcations—Modern Depart- ments—Population—Revenue—Spanish Stocks .... 30 CHAPTER V. Travelling in Spain—Steamers—Roads, Roman, Monastic, and Royal —Modern Railway—English Speculations 40 CHAPTER VI. Post Office in Spain—Travelling with Post Horses—Riding post—Mails and Diligences, Galeras, Coches de DoUeras, Drivers and Manner of Driving, and Oaths 53 CHAPTER VII. SpanishHorsea—Mules—Asses—Muleteers—Maragatos ... 69 — CONTENTS. CHAPTER VIII. PAGB. Riding Tour in Spain—Pleasures of it—Pedestrian Tour—Choice of Companions—Rules for a Riding Tour—Season of year—Day's • journey—Management of Horse ; his Feet ; Shoes General Hints 80 CHAPTER IX. The Rider's cos.tume—Alforjas : their contents—The Bota, and How to use it—Pig Skins and Borracha—Spanish Money—Onzas and smaller coins 94 CHAPTER X. -
Pais Vasco 2018
The País Vasco Maribel’s Guide to the Spanish Basque Country © Maribel’s Guides for the Sophisticated Traveler ™ August 2018 [email protected] Maribel’s Guides © Page !1 INDEX Planning Your Trip - Page 3 Navarra-Navarre - Page 77 Must Sees in the País Vasco - Page 6 • Dining in Navarra • Wine Touring in Navarra Lodging in the País Vasco - Page 7 The Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve - Page 84 Festivals in the País Vasco - Page 9 • Staying in the Urdaibai Visiting a Txakoli Vineyard - Page 12 • Festivals in the Urdaibai Basque Cider Country - Page 15 Gernika-Lomo - Page 93 San Sebastián-Donostia - Page 17 • Dining in Gernika • Exploring Donostia on your own • Excursions from Gernika • City Tours • The Eastern Coastal Drive • San Sebastián’s Beaches • Inland from Lekeitio • Cooking Schools and Classes • Your Western Coastal Excursion • Donostia’s Markets Bilbao - Page 108 • Sociedad Gastronómica • Sightseeing • Performing Arts • Pintxos Hopping • Doing The “Txikiteo” or “Poteo” • Dining In Bilbao • Dining in San Sebastián • Dining Outside Of Bilbao • Dining on Mondays in Donostia • Shopping Lodging in San Sebastián - Page 51 • Staying in Bilbao • On La Concha Beach • Staying outside Bilbao • Near La Concha Beach Excursions from Bilbao - Page 132 • In the Parte Vieja • A pretty drive inland to Elorrio & Axpe-Atxondo • In the heart of Donostia • Dining in the countryside • Near Zurriola Beach • To the beach • Near Ondarreta Beach • The Switzerland of the País Vasco • Renting an apartment in San Sebastián Vitoria-Gasteiz - Page 135 Coastal -
La Ganadería Pirenaica
215 MUNIBE Sociedad de Ciencias ARANZADI San Sebastián Año 30 - Número 4 1978 - Páginas 215-238 La ganadería pirenaica PEDRO MONTSERRAT (*) SUMARIO: Presentación. I. Generalidades de Tena y la Ribera de Biescas. h) Los valles metodológicas. 1. Aspectos científicos bási- del río Ara. i) Los valles del Sobrarbe. j) Los cos. 2. Aspectos prácticos del problema. 3. valles ribagorzanos. k) El Urgellet y La Cer- Aspectos económicos y culturales. 4. Los sis- daña. 3. El apoyo ganadero prepirenaico. a) La temas agropecuarios de montaña. 5. Las ru- parte subcantábrica. b) El Prepirineo jaceta- tinas. no. c) El Prepirineo del Sobrarbe y Ribagorza. II. Los ambientes ganaderos pirenaicos. d) Los montes y campos del Urgel, Segarra y 1. Los ambientes de clima marítimo. a) El am- Solsonés biente vasco-navarro. b) Las comarcas gerun- denses. 2. Los grandes valles pirenaicos: a) III. Bases para un desarrollo ganadero pi- Valles del Irati-Abaurreas. b) El Salazar. c) renaico. a) Programas educativos. b) La ex- Los valles roncaleses. d) La Mancomunidad plotación correcta del agua pirenaica. c) Las de Ansó-Fago. e) Los valles de Hecho. f) Los explotaciones forestales. d) Los grandes valles de Aisa, Borau y Canfranc. g) El valle complejos turísticos y e) Conclusión. * * * PRESENTACION.—El presente ensayo, de- cumbir en la contaminación creciente que pro- dicado a ecología de sistemas, iba destinado voca. a investigadores del Centro pirenaico de Bio- Este trabajo, lejos de haber perdido ac- logía experimental (Publ. ord. inter. Ser. tualidad, debe contribuir ahora al despertar Cient. n.º 18, mayo 1976), con ocasión de la de nuestra conciencia colectiva, desencade- 16.ª Reun. -
Map of La Rioja Haro Wine Festival
TRAVEL AROUND SPAIN SPAIN Contents Introduction.................................................................6 General information......................................................7 Transports.................................................................10 Accommodation..........................................................13 Food.........................................................................15 Culture......................................................................16 Region by region and places to visit..............................18 Andalusia........................................................19 Aragon............................................................22 Asturias..........................................................25 Balearic Islands...............................................28 Basque Country................................................31 Canary Islands.................................................34 Cantabria........................................................37 Castille-La Mancha...........................................40 Castille and León.............................................43 Catalonia........................................................46 Ceuta.............................................................49 Extremadura....................................................52 Galicia............................................................55 La Rioja..........................................................58 Madrid............................................................61 -
Spanish Study Tour 2020
Sample Itinerary Salamanca Weekday Mornings- 9.00 - 13.00 Language School in Salamanca. Afternoon Activities- Guided Tour of the Cathedral and Ieronimus Tower, Contemporary Art Museum; Salsa Classes; Treasure Hunt/ Gincana. Breakfast, lunch and dinner provided by host family. Spanish Study Granada School of Languages students on Mornings from 9.00-13.00 - Language School the 2017 Spanish Study Tour. in Granada. Tour 2020 Afternoon Activities- Guided Tour of the Alhambra, Explore the Albaycin, Flamenco lessons, Spanish Cultural workshop, Museums, How do I register my interest? City Exploration, Tour de Fantasmas and more. Breakfast, lunch and dinner provided by host family. Contact: Ben Anderson 1st Weekend Tour of Segovia & Ávila: Roman Aqueduct, [email protected] Alcázar de Segovia, Alfresco lunch in La Plaza 08 8301 4800 Mayor Tour of Ávila, including the fortress wall, Church of Saint Teresa and Ávila Cathedral. Parent Information Evening: 2nd Weekend Seville: La Giralda, La Catedral, Plaza de España, School of Languages, Alcazar, Barrio Santa Cruz, and more. Friday 22nd March @ 6.30pm 225 Torrens Road, West Croydon. Salamanca- Granada www.schooloflanguages.sa.edu.au 3rd April - 25th April 2020. Government of South Australia Department for Education Salamanca Segovia and Ávila Salamanca Segovia and Ávila Salamanca was are historic cities in Castilla Leon. Segovia elected the is home to the Roman Cultural Capital Aqueduct of Segovia, of Europe in 2003. built in the 1st century It is the heartland of Spanish language education AD and the Alcazar of and derives almost 100% of its economy from the Segovia (King’s summer residence). -
Spanish Colonial Law and the Constitution of Cádiz
Florida International University College of Law eCollections Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship 2013 Pre-constitutional Law and Constitutions: Spanish Colonial Law and the Constitution of Cádiz M C. Mirow Florida International University College of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ecollections.law.fiu.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, European Law Commons, and the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation M C. Mirow, Pre-constitutional Law and Constitutions: Spanish Colonial Law and the Constitution of Cádiz , 12 Wash. U. Global Stud. L. Rev. 313 (2013). Available at: https://ecollections.law.fiu.edu/faculty_publications/110 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at eCollections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of eCollections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Pre-constitutional Law and Constitutions: Spanish Colonial Law and the Constitution of Cádiz M.C. Mirow* The Spanish Constitution of Cádiz of 1812 has recently gained the attention of constitutionalists and legal historians as an essential step in the development of world constitutionalism generally and Latin American constitutionalism more specifically. This interest in the Constitution of Cádiz, or the Spanish Constitution of 1812, has increased due to its bicentennial in 2012 and by the rolling bicentennials of independence of Latin American republics. The events leading to the Constitution of Cádiz and its implementation throughout the Spanish Empire are closely related to both initial independence movements in Latin America and to their subsequent constitutional practices and texts.1 There are fewer studies concerning the pivotal role the extant Spanish colonial law (derecho indiano) played in these events.2 * Professor of Law and Associate Dean of International & Graduate Studies, FIU College of Law, Miami; Investigador Honorario, Escuela Libre de Derecho, Mexico City, Mexico. -
Mapspain: Administrative Boundaries of Spain
Package ‘mapSpain’ September 10, 2021 Type Package Title Administrative Boundaries of Spain Version 0.3.1 Description Administrative Boundaries of Spain at several levels (CCAA, Provinces, Municipalities) based on the GISCO Eurostat database <https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco> and 'CartoBase SIANE' from 'Instituto Geografico Nacional' <https://www.ign.es/>. It also provides a 'leaflet' plugin and the ability of downloading and processing static tiles. License GPL-3 URL https://ropenspain.github.io/mapSpain/, https://github.com/rOpenSpain/mapSpain BugReports https://github.com/rOpenSpain/mapSpain/issues Depends R (>= 3.6.0) Imports countrycode (>= 1.2.0), giscoR (>= 0.2.4), leaflet (>= 2.0.0), png (>= 0.1-5), rappdirs (>= 0.3.0), raster (>= 3.0), sf (>= 0.9), slippymath (>= 0.3.1), utils Suggests knitr, rgdal, rmarkdown, testthat (>= 3.0.0), tibble, tmap (>= 3.0.0) VignetteBuilder knitr Config/testthat/edition 3 Encoding UTF-8 LazyData true RoxygenNote 7.1.2 X-schema.org-applicationCategory cartography X-schema.org-isPartOf https://ropenspain.es/ X-schema.org-keywords rOpenSpain, tiles, r, maps, spatial, rstats, r-package, municipalities, Spain, gisco, provinces, ign, administrative-boundaries, ccaa, static-tiles NeedsCompilation no 1 2 mapSpain-package Author Diego Hernangómez [aut, cre, cph] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8457-4658>, rOpenSpain), EuroGeographics [cph] (for the administrative boundaries.), Instituto Geográfico Nacional [cph] (for the administrative boundaries.) Maintainer Diego Hernangómez <[email protected]> Repository CRAN Date/Publication 2021-09-10 12:10:06 UTC R topics documented: mapSpain-package . .2 addProviderEspTiles . .4 esp_clear_cache . .5 esp_codelist . .6 esp_dict_region_code . .8 esp_getTiles . .9 esp_get_can_box . 12 esp_get_capimun . 14 esp_get_ccaa . 17 esp_get_country . -
Spain, Spanish Architecture Has Received Many Different Influences and Has Had Many Different Expressions
RCHI ATECTURE IN C EMA O C MIC A D NCE ITER LATURE U M SIC AI PNTING HOT POGRAPHY CU S LPTURE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI ATECTURE IN Due to the temporal and geographic amplitude of the history of C EMA Spain, Spanish architecture has received many different influences and has had many different expressions. O C MIC The real development came with the Romans who left behind in A Hispania some of their most amazing monuments. The Muslim D NCE invasion in 711 meant a radical change during the eight ITER centuries that followed and produced great step forwards in the LATURE culture and the architecture. Córdoba, the capital of the U Umayyad dynasty and Granada, capital of the Nasrid dynasty, M SIC became cultural centers of great importance. AI Many Spanish architectural structures, even big parts of the NTING P cities, have been given the status of World Heritage Site given HOT their artistic relevance. Spain is the second country with more POGRAPHY places with the status of World Heritage Site granted by the CU UNESCO, the first one is Italy. S LPTURE PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE RCHI MEGALITHIC ARCHITECTURE IBERIAN AND CELTIC ARCHITECTURE TECTURE During the Stone Age the Castro de Baroña The Castro culture, A Galicia most widespread megalith that arose in the north and in the IN Cueva de Menga in the Iberian Peninsula was C EMA Antequera the dolmen. The plans of center of the these funerary chambers used to be pseudocircles or Peninsula and that O trapezoids, formed by huge stones stuck on the ground was directly or indirectly related to C MIC and with others above them as a roof. -
P O R T E X P L O R E R & S H O P P I N G G U I
NOTES l a n t i c O c e a A t n FRANCE Bilbao Barcelona Madrid TUGAL PORT EXPLORER POR Ibiza & SHOPPING GUIDE Lisbon S e a a n n e r a Cadiz e r i t e d Gibraltar M ALGERIA Cadiz MOROCCO ©1995 Magellan GeographixSM Santa Barbara, CA GENERAL INFORMATION Located in southern HISTORY The Phoencians founded a trading post on the long narrow Spain, Cadiz sits on a sliver of land jutting out strip of land in southern Spain in 1100 b.c. The settlement was into the bay. Almost entirely surrounded by water, considered ones of the earliest in Europe. Cadiz is believed to be the oldest city in Europe. War and conquest saw the city change hands many times through the Formidable walls still stand, protecting and centuries. Carthaginians, Romans, Visigoths and Moors all claimed providing Cadiz with a skyline like no other. control of Cadiz at some point in time. The old quarter is composed of picturesque Columbus sailed from Cadiz on his second and fourth voyages to buildings, parks, and gardens intertwined with America. A golden age of trade with the Americas followed and it narrow cobblestone streets and squares. A relaxed was during this time Cadiz became one of the wealthiest and most and easygoing city, Cadiz is easy and fun to cosmopolitan cities in Spain. explore. Museums, restaurants and quaint shops are plentiful. Modern Cadiz is an industrial center and an important shipping port. Millions visit Cadiz each year as a tourist destination and for the In the spring, the normally quiet city erupts with a legendary carnival celebrations. -
Infrastructures, Mobility and Water Management. the Iberian Peninsula in the Imperial and Post-Imperial Context
Special Volume 6 (2016): Space and Knowledge. Topoi Research Group Articles, ed. by Gerd Graßhoff and Michael Meyer, pp. 220–249. Ernst Baltrusch – Ignacio Czeguhn – Stefan Esders – Hans Gerhard Kopp – Cosima Möller – Manfred G. Schmidt – Christian Wendt Infrastructures, Mobility and Water Management. The Iberian Peninsula in the Imperial and Post-Imperial Context Edited by Gerd Graßhoff and Michael Meyer, Excellence Cluster Topoi, Berlin eTopoi ISSN 2192-2608 http://journal.topoi.org Except where otherwise noted, content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 Ernst Baltrusch – Ignacio Czeguhn – Stefan Esders – Hans Gerhard Kopp – Cosima Möller – Manfred G. Schmidt – Christian Wendt Infrastructures, Mobility and Water Management. The Iberian Peninsula in the Imperial and Post-Imperial Context This paper investigates the way in which technical and normative knowledge relating to infrastructures, mobility and water management, which the Romans began developing in the republican period, was functionalized for the purpose of expanding the empire in the Iberian Peninsula, starting with the establishment of Roman provincial rule and continuing into the Islamic epoch.It also examines how that knowledge was entrenched in the individual Iberian provinces, and adapted to reflect specific local features. In addition to shedding light on how imperial concepts manifested themselves in the appropriation of space in specific contexts, the example of the Iberian Peninsula elucidates bothhow the knowledge in question was adapted to meet ‘regional-political’ objectives once the imperial frame of reference fell away and how it was ultimately restructured,modified and legitimized to reflect overriding religious considerations.The paper also provides examples indicating the degree to which antique concepts lent themselves to transformation while simultaneously representing both a potential and a challenge for any subsequent rulers. -
Advisory Body Evaluation (ICOMOS)
Decision WHC 36 COM 8B.62: Old Town of Segovia and its The World Heritage Committee, Aqueduct (Spain) 1. Having examined Documents WHC-12/36.COM/8B.Add and No 311bis WHC-12/36.COM/INF.8B1.Add, 2. Refers the examination of the proposed buffer zone for the Old Town of Segovia and its Aqueduct, Spain, back to the State Party in order to allow it to: 1 Basic data o Provide a textual description and justification of the buffer zone boundary. This should consider views to and from State Party the property and include an appropriate analysis; Spain o Provide detailed information regarding the protection Name of property afforded the buffer zone by the Special Plans for the Historical Areas of Segovia (PEAHIS), and on how the Old Town of Segovia and its Aqueduct loop of aqueduct and buffer zone outside the Special Plan area (Plano UNESCO 8) will be protected. Location Autonomous community of Castile-Leon Modification Province of Segovia The minor boundary modification request now submitted is Spain for a buffer zone of 401,44 ha surrounding the entire property including the full length of the Aqueduct to a Inscription variable width as shown on the maps attached to Annexes 1985 1-7 to the submission extending a minimum of 50 m from the property boundary. The buffer zone incorporates all Brief description the declared Historic Areas (from 1941 to 1978) and the The Roman aqueduct of Segovia, probably built c. A.D. Pintoresque Landscape (declared in 1947) and takes into 50, is remarkably well preserved. -
Ethnicity and Identity in a Basque Borderland, Rioja Alavesa, Spain
ETHNICITY AND IDENTITY IN A BASQUE BORDERLAND: RIOJA ALAVESA, SPAIN By BARBARA ANN HENDRY A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1991 Copyright 1991 by Barbara Ann Hendry ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The help of numerous individuals in Spain and the United States enabled me to complete this dissertation— it is difficult to adequately acknowledge them all in these few short pages. To begin, without the generous hospitality, friendship, and assistance of many people in Rioja and Rioja Alavesa in 1985 and 1987, this research would not have been possible. For purposes of confidentiality, I will not list individual names, but, thank all of those in Albelda de Iregua, San Vicente de la Sonsierra, Brihas, Elciego, Laguardia, and, especially, Lapuebla de Labarca, who graciously let me share in their lives. Friends in the city of Logroho were also supportive, especially Charo Cabezon and Julio Valcazar. Stephanie Berdofe shared her home during my first weeks in the field, and buoyed my spirits and allayed my doubts throughout the fieldwork. Carmelo Lison Tolosana welcomed me to Spain and introduced me to several of his students. Maribel Fociles Rubio and Jose Lison Areal discussed their respective studies of identity in Rioja and Huesca, and helped me to formulate the interview schedule I used in Rioja Alavesa. They, and Jose's wife. Pilar, provided much warm hospitality during several brief trips to Madrid. iii The government administrators I interviewed in Rioja Alavesa and Vitoria were cooperative and candid.