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Vocal Range Profile of Chorists After the Tongue-Trill Technique Associated Rev. CEFAC. 2016 Maio-Jun; 18(3):626-634 doi: 10.1590/1982-0216201618315415 Artigos originais Perfil de extensão vocal em coristas após técnica de vibração de língua associada a escalas Vocal range profile of chorists after the tongue-trill technique associated with scales Amanda Thaís Lima(1) Jonia Alves Lucena(2) Ana Nery Barbosa de Araújo(2) Zulina Souza de Lira(2) Adriana de Oliveira Camargo Gomes(2) (1) Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. RESUMO UFPE, Recife-PE, Brasil. Objetivo: identificar o efeito imediato da técnica de vibração sonorizada de língua associada à variação (2) Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, tonal sobre o perfil de extensão vocal de coristas, analisando o tempo de prática de canto, naipe e tempo UFPE, Recife-PE, Brasil. de execução do exercício. Métodos: estudo transversal quantitativo, com 13 cantores, sendo oito mulheres e cinco homens, com Conflito de interesses: inexistente média de idade de 39±20,11 anos, pertencentes a diferentes naipes. O perfil de extensão vocal foi obtido a partir da análise pelo software Vocalgrama da CTS Informática. As amostras foram coletadas em três momentos: antes, após um minuto e após dois minutos de aplicação da técnica de vibração sonorizada de língua associada à variação tonal. Resultados: seis coristas (46,2%) aumentaram o valor do perfil de extensão vocal, após dois minutos de execução da técnica. Os naipes sopranos e tenores apresentaram valores médios maiores do perfil de extensão vocal após dois minutos de exercício. Em relação ao tempo de prática de canto, não houve dife- rença entre os grupos no valor do perfil de extensão vocal em nenhum dos três momentos considerados. Conclusão: a técnica de vibração sonorizada de língua associada à variação tonal não interferiu no perfil de extensão vocal dos coristas estudados. Entretanto, o tempo de execução do exercício parece influen- ciar nos resultados. DECRITORES: Canto; Avaliação; Acústica; Treinamento da Voz; Resultado do Tratamento ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify the immediate effect of the sonorous tongue-trill technique associated with tonal variation on the vocal range profile of chorists, analyzing time spent on choral singing, voice types and exercises. Methods: quantitative cross-sectional study, with 13 singers, eight women and five men, mean age of 39± 20.11 years, with different voice types. The vocal range profile was obtained using Vocalgrama Recebido em: 24/09/2015 Aceito em: 04/05/2016 software (CTS Informática). Samples were collected at three different times: before, after one minute and after two minutes of applying the sonorous tongue-trill technique associated with tonal variation. Endereço para correspondência: Results: six chorists (46.2%) showed an increase in vocal range profile after two minutes of the techni- Adriana de Oliveira Camargo Gomes que. Sopranos and tenors obtained higher mean vocal range profile at any of the three times considered. Rua Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n Cidade Universitária Conclusion: the sonorous tongue-trill technique associated with tonal variation had no effect on the vocal Departamento de Fonoaudiologia range profile of the chorists under study. However, time spent on exercises and voice types seemed to Recife/PE have an influence on the results. CEP: 50740-525 E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Singing; Evaluation; Acoustics; Voice Training; Treatment Outcome Lima AT, Lucena JA, Araújo ANB, Lira ZS, Gomes AOC Perfil de Extensão vocal e técnica de vibração de língua Perfil de Extensão vocal e técnica de vibração de língua | 627 INTRODUÇÃO essa variação na extensão fonatória. Por isso, uma voz A voz dos cantores de corais é caracterizada pela com melhor qualidade e performance em relação ao riqueza de detalhes nos parâmetros de ressonância, controle de frequência e intensidade vocais frequente- 14 amplificação sonora e extensão vocal, de modo que a mente está relacionada a um gráfico de ampla área . voz seja emitida de forma afinada e harmoniosa, já que Sabe-se que os exercícios de vibração de língua esse estilo não permite a mudança do tom original da trazem benefícios à qualidade vocal3,8,9,15,16 e que o música 1,2. treino com variações tonais é utilizado nos aqueci- Além de possuir uma dinâmica heterogênea que mentos vocais de ensaios, com o intuito de se aumentar reúne diferentes faixas etárias, cantores amadores a tessitura vocal para o canto. Nesse contexto, associar e profissionais, os coristas agrupam-se em naipes as variações tonais dos vocalizes, que favorecem a de acordo com suas qualidades específicas vocais e otimização da flexibilidade vocal, à técnica de vibração realizam diferentes ajustes laríngeos e de trato vocal de língua, que melhora o equilíbrio na emissão da para alcançar os objetivos determinados pela música voz, pode influenciar o resultado do perfil de extensão e pelo regente, em termos de qualidade, expressão, vocal. extensão vocal e extensão dinâmica1,3,4. Cabe aqui ressaltar que os conceitos de tessitura e Contudo, antes de cantar é imprescindível o aqueci- extensão vocal diferem entre si, sendo que a primeira mento da musculatura vocal, pois é o momento que abrange todos os tons do mais grave até o mais ocorre a preparação e associação entre os sistemas agudo que uma pessoa consegue produzir, mantendo respiratório, laríngeo e ressonantal, além de favorecer qualidade e conforto vocais2,17,18 enquanto a extensão a longevidade e saúde vocal, melhora na qualidade e abrange o limite de sons emitidos além dos sons aumento na frequência e intensidade da voz5-7. naturais da tessitura, ou seja, a totalidade de frequ- Um dos exercícios realizados no aquecimento ências, desde a mais elevada até a mais baixa que vocal é a Técnica de Vibração Sonorizada de Língua um indivíduo é capaz de produzir, não importando a (TVSL) que implica na produção do /r/ vibrante de qualidade11,19. forma prolongada associada ao som laríngeo. É uma A extensão vocal é influenciada por fatores técnica comprovada na prática clínica e em estudos como idade, sexo, profissão e patologias e cirurgias que evidenciaram resultados positivos na qualidade laríngeas19-21 e o treino vocal pode maximizar a tessitura 3,8-10 da emissão e ajuste da voz . Pode ser associada da voz20,21. à variação tonal em forma de vocalizes, por meio de Portanto, considerando-se que uma das bases da escalas musicais ascendentes que promovam maior ciência é a verificação da evidência do efeito de um flexibilidade da musculatura vocal e, consequente- tratamento22 e que o uso de recursos instrumentais mente, favoreçam a extensão vocal para o canto4,6. deve ser criteriosamente usado como complemento A extensão vocal pode ser avaliada por meio útil de diagnóstico da avaliação clínica22-25 torna-se de equipamentos instrumentais, como a fonetografia relevante a comprovação do efeito desses exercícios ou o vocalgrama, que permitem a mensuração e associados, por meio de medidas instrumentais, em análise do perfil de Extensão Vocal (PEV), por meio da populações específicas, como no presente estudo. frequência fundamental mínima e máxima, expressa em Hertz (Hz) e em semitons (st) como também a A despeito de se saber que a extensão vocal intensidade mínima e máxima, expressa em decibels representa os limites fisiológicos do sujeito e que é a (dB). Portanto, o PEV é uma combinação de medidas tessitura vocal a mais passível de melhora, com treino que permite a avaliação da extensão fonatória máxima vocal, vale ressaltar que a medida obtida no PEV não em função da extensão dinâmica da voz, traduzidas se restringe à extensão vocal e sim, à associação de 26 em um gráfico (fonetograma ou vocalgrama) cuja área medidas de extensão e intensidade vocais . pode ser mensurada em cm2 ou em porcentagem11-14. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar Desse modo, é importante destacar que o o efeito imediato da técnica de vibração sonorizada de valor da área do perfil de extensão vocal não repre- língua associada à variação tonal sobre a mudança de senta apenas a variação em frequências e semitons porcentagem do perfil de extensão vocal de coristas, que um indivíduo consegue emitir (extensão fonatória), após um e dois minutos de técnica, considerando-se o mas também as intensidades máximas e mínimas que tempo de prática de canto, naipe e tempo de execução ele é capaz de alcançar (extensão dinâmica) durante do exercício. Rev. CEFAC. 2016 Maio-Jun; 18(3):626-634 628 | Lima AT, Lucena JA, Araújo ANB, Lira ZS, Gomes AOC MÉTODOS mesmo dia, com tempo de aproximadamente trinta O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética minutos no total, para cada sujeito. em Pesquisa do Centro de Ciências da Saúde da 1) O sujeito foi solicitado a emitir a vogal /ε/ em Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, sob o número glissando ascendente até a altura máxima e CAAE: 02751412.0.0000.5208 parecer 76929. Todos descendente até a altura mínima que era capaz os participantes assinaram o termo de consentimento de emitir, na intensidade mais fraca possível; em livre e esclarecido, antes da coleta dos dados. seguida, a mesma emissão, na intensidade mais Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de abordagem forte possível. Ambas foram registradas no gráfico quantitativa, sendo mensuradas a frequência funda- do Perfil de Extensão Vocal (PEV) do software mental (em Hz) e a intensidade (em dB), no mesmo Vocalgrama, na curva dos fracos e na curva dos momento, em duas situações: antes (pré-técnica) e fortes, respectivamente, conforme instruções do 13 após (pós-técnica) a aplicação da técnica de vibração próprio programa . sonorizada de língua associada à variação tonal em 2) Aplicação da técnica vocal por meio do exercício glissandos ascendentes e descendentes. de vibração de língua associada ao glissando A amostra foi composta por 13 cantores coristas, descendente desde a altura média confortável sem queixas vocais, com idade média de 39 (±20,11) ao sujeito até o tom mais baixo que conseguisse anos, sendo cinco homens e oito mulheres, que fazem produzir, dentro de sua tessitura vocal, durante parte do Coral Universitário da Instituição.
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