Downloaded by [New York University] at 00:12 07 August 2016 Chinese and Indian Warfare – from the Classical Age to 1870

Downloaded by [New York University] at 00:12 07 August 2016 Chinese and Indian Warfare – From the Classical Age to 1870 This book examines the differences and similarities between warfare in China and India before 1870, both conceptually and on the battlefield. By focusing on Chinese and Indian warfare, the book breaks the intellectual paradigm requiring non- Western histories and cultures to be compared to the West, and allows scholarship on two of the oldest civilizations to be brought together. An international group of scholars compare and contrast the modes and conceptions of warfare in China and India, providing important original contributions to the growing study of Asian military history. Kaushik Roy is Guru Nanak Professor in the Department of History at Jadavpur University, India and Global Fellow at PRIO, Norway. Peter Lorge is Assistant Professor in Chinese History at Vanderbilt University, USA. Downloaded by [New York University] at 00:12 07 August 2016 Asian states and empires Edited by Peter Lorge Vanderbilt University The importance of Asia will continue to grow in the twenty-first century, but remarkably little is available in English on the history of the polities that consti- tute this critical area. Most current work on Asia is hindered by the extremely limited state of knowledge of the Asian past in general, and the history of Asian states and empires in particular. Asian States and Empires is a book series that will provide detailed accounts of the history of states and empires across Asia from earliest times until the present. It aims to explain and describe the formation, maintenance and collapse of Asian states and empires, and the means by which this was accomplished, making available the history of more than half the world’s population at a level of detail comparable to the history of Western polities. In so doing, it will demonstrate that Asian peoples and civilizations had their own histories apart from the West, and provide the basis for understanding contemporary Asia in terms of its actual histories, rather than broad generaliza- tions informed by Western categories of knowledge. 1 The Third Chinese Revolutionary Civil War, 1945–49 An analysis of Communist strategy and leadership Christopher R. Lew 2 China’s Southern Tang Dynasty, 937–976 Johannes L. Kurz 3 War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740–1849 Kaushik Roy Downloaded by [New York University] at 00:12 07 August 2016 4 The Military Collapse of China’s Ming Dynasty, 1618–44 Kenneth M. Swope 5 China’s Second Capital – Nanjing under the Ming, 1368–1644 Jun Fang 6 Rethinking the Decline of China’s Qing Dynasty Imperial activism and borderland management at the turn of the nineteenth century Daniel McMahon 7 Civil–Military Relations in Chinese History From ancient China to the communist takeover Edited by Kai Filipiak 8 Chinese and Indian Warfare – From the Classical Age to 1870 Edited by Kaushik Roy and Peter Lorge 9 The East Asian War, 1592–1598 International relations, violence, and memory Edited by James B. Lewis 10 Warfare in Pre-British India – 1500 BCE to CE 1740 Kaushik Roy Downloaded by [New York University] at 00:12 07 August 2016 This page intentionally left blank Downloaded by [New York University] at 00:12 07 August 2016 Chinese and Indian Warfare – From the Classical Age to 1870 Edited by Kaushik Roy and Peter Lorge Downloaded by [New York University] at 00:12 07 August 2016 First published 2015 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2015 selection and editorial matter, Kaushik Roy and Peter Lorge; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Kaushik Roy and Peter Lorge to be identified as authors of the editorial matter, and of the individual authors as authors of their contributions, has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN: 978-0-415-50244-3 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-74276-2 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear Downloaded by [New York University] at 00:12 07 August 2016 The editors respectfully dedicate this volume to Professor Jeremy Black, who has done so much to support and promote the study of non- Western military history. Downloaded by [New York University] at 00:12 07 August 2016 This page intentionally left blank Downloaded by [New York University] at 00:12 07 August 2016 Contents Notes on contributors xii Introduction 1 KAUSHIK ROY AND PETER LORGE PART I Military theory/theories of warfare in China and India 15 1 Opportune moments in early Chinese military thought: the concept of ji 機 in the Warring States period manuscript Cao Mie’s Battle Array 17 EARNEST CALDWELL 2 Yuddha and Vijaya: concepts of war and conquest in ancient and early medieval India (up to CE 1300) 32 KRISHNENDU RAY PART II Technology, geography and warfare 55 3 Chinese border garrisons in an international context: Downloaded by [New York University] at 00:12 07 August 2016 Liaodong under the early Ming dynasty 57 DAVID M. ROBINSON 4 Elephants in pre- modern India 74 DEBRAj CHAKRABORTY 5 British- India and Afghanistan: 1707–1842 91 KAUSHIK ROY x Contents 6 Technological advance in the war against the Mongols 121 KAI FILIPIAK 7 Bringing in the big guns: on the use of artillery in the Ming–Manchu war 134 KENNETH M. SWOPE 8 Battles, boats and bridges: Mughal amphibious warfare, 1571–1612 146 PRATYAY NATH 9 Indo- Portuguese naval battles in the Indian Ocean during the early sixteenth century 166 K.S. MATHEW 10 The politics of military control in the west coast: Marathas, Mughals and the Europeans, 1650–1730 181 AMARENDRA KUMAR PART III Military culture, state and society 201 11 Command, control and castration: eunuch supervisors in the armies of the Tang dynasty 203 DAVID A. GRAFF 12 The cultural construction of war in Tang frontier poetry 214 MING jIANG 13 Martial values in painting: Chinese bannerman painters at the Qing Court 224 NIXI CURA Downloaded by [New York University] at 00:12 07 August 2016 14 Disorder in the general staff: a corruption case during the First Jinchuan War (1747–1749) 234 ULRICH THEOBALD 15 Fortified walls and social ordering in China’s late eighteenth- century revolts 246 DANIEL MCMAHON Contents xi 16 Total war: military supply and civilian resources during China’s era of rebellions 257 ELISABETH KASKE 17 European military experience in South Asia: the Dutch and British armies in Sri Lanka in the eighteenth century 289 CHANNA WICKREMESEKERA 18 Military revolution and state formation reconsidered: Mir Qasim, Haider Ali and transition to colonial rule in the 1760s 302 DOUGLAS M. PEERS 19 Contrasting Indian and British concepts of race and authority in the East India Company armies 324 MICHAEL H. FISHER 20 The East India Company, the Indian Army and the China Wars, 1839–1860 347 ROB jOHNSON Index 368 Downloaded by [New York University] at 00:12 07 August 2016 Contributors Earnest Caldwell is a lecturer in Chinese Law at the School of Oriental and African Studies, specializing in the study of Chinese law, legal linguistics, socio-legal studies and comparative constitutional law. His research on tradi- tional and contemporary Chinese legal and political thought has been published in several journals including the Law and History Review, Chicago- Kent Law Review and Early China. Debraj Chakraborty has recently completed his doctoral research on environ- mental and medical history of pre- colonial India from the Department of History, Visva- Bharati (Santiniketan, India). He had been junior Research Fellow of the Indian Council of Historical Research, New Delhi. Nixi Cura is Programme Director, Arts of China, at Christie’s Education London/ University of Glasgow and serves concurrently as Honorary Research Fellow at Glasgow. Her research interests include art of the Qing (1644–1911), especially during the Qianlong reign (1736–1795), collecting and antiquarian practices in the Qing, Republican (1911–1949) and Manchukuo (1932–1945) periods, and contemporary Chinese visual culture. In 2002 she co- founded and remains active on the board of the Arts of China Consortium. Kai Filipiak is Privatdozent and teaches Chinese history at the University of Leipzig. He is author of two books: on the history of Chinese martial arts (2001) and the impact of military conflicts on the Chinese state during the Ming dynasty (2008). He is currently preparing a conference volume entitled Civil–Military Relations in Chinese History: From Ancient China to the Communist Takeover. Downloaded by [New York University] at 00:12 07 August 2016 Michael H. Fisher holds the Danforth Chair in History at Oberlin College, USA. He has published various books on interactions between Asians and Europeans in Asia and Europe including: Inordinately Strange Life of Dyce Sombre: Victorian Anglo Indian M.P. and Chancery ‘Lunatic’ (London: Hurst; New York: Columbia University Press; Delhi: Foundation Books, 2010); Counterflows to Colonialism: Indian Travellers and Settlers in Britain, 1600–1857 (Delhi: Permanent Black, 2004); and Travels of Dean Mahomet (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997).

Load more