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Supplementary Materials I Supplementary Materials I Table S1. PRISMA statement Reported on Section/topic # Checklist item page # TITLE Title 1 Identify the report as a systematic review, meta-analysis, or both. 1 ABSTRACT Structured summary 2 Provide a structured summary including, as applicable: background; objectives; data sources; study eligibility criteria, 1 participants, and interventions; study appraisal and synthesis methods; results; limitations; conclusions and implications of key findings; systematic review registration number. INTRODUCTION Rationale 3 Describe the rationale for the review in the context of what is already known. 1-2 Objectives 4 Provide an explicit statement of questions being addressed with reference to participants, interventions, comparisons, outcomes, 2 and study design (PICOS). METHODS Protocol and registration 5 Indicate if a review protocol exists, if and where it can be accessed (e.g., Web address), and, if available, provide registration 2 information including registration number. Eligibility criteria 6 Specify study characteristics (e.g., PICOS, length of follow-up) and report characteristics (e.g., years considered, language, 2-4 publication status) used as criteria for eligibility, giving rationale. Information sources 7 Describe all information sources (e.g., databases with dates of coverage, contact with study authors to identify additional studies) 2 in the search and date last searched. Search 8 Present full electronic search strategy for at least one database, including any limits used, such that it could be repeated. Supplementary Materials II Study selection 9 State the process for selecting studies (i.e., screening, eligibility, included in systematic review, and, if applicable, included in the 4 meta-analysis). Data collection process 10 Describe method of data extraction from reports (e.g., piloted forms, independently, in duplicate) and any processes for obtaining 4 and confirming data from investigators. Data items 11 List and define all variables for which data were sought (e.g., PICOS, funding sources) and any assumptions/simplifications 4 and made. Supplementary Materials I Table S2 Risk of bias in individual 12 Describe methods used for assessing risk of bias of individual studies (including specification of whether this was done at the 4-5 studies study or outcome level), and how this information is to be used in any data synthesis. Summary measures 13 State the principal summary measures (e.g., risk ratio, difference in means). 4 Synthesis of results 14 Describe the methods of handling data and combining results of studies, if done, including measures of consistency (e.g., I2) for 4 each meta-analysis. Risk of bias across studies 15 Specify any assessment of risk of bias that may affect the cumulative evidence (e.g., publication bias, selective reporting within 5 studies). Additional analyses 16 Describe methods of additional analyses (e.g., sensitivity or subgroup analyses, meta-regression), if done, indicating which were 4-5 pre-specified. RESULTS Study selection 17 Give numbers of studies screened, assessed for eligibility, and included in the review, with reasons for exclusions at each stage, 6 ideally with a flow diagram. Study characteristics 18 For each study, present characteristics for which data were extracted (e.g., study size, PICOS, follow-up period) and provide the 8-14 citations. Risk of bias within studies 19 Present data on risk of bias of each study and, if available, any outcome level assessment (see item 12). Supplementary materials Table S7; and Supplementary materials Figure 1 Results of individual studies 20 For all outcomes considered (benefits or harms), present, for each study: (a) simple summary data for each intervention group (b) Supplementary effect estimates and confidence intervals, ideally with a forest plot. materials Table S3 and S5; 24- 26 Synthesis of results 21 Present results of each meta-analysis done, including confidence intervals and measures of consistency. 15 and 23 Risk of bias across studies 22 Present results of any assessment of risk of bias across studies (see Item 15). 22 and 27 Additional analysis 23 Give results of additional analyses, if done (e.g., sensitivity or subgroup analyses, meta-regression [see Item 16]). 15-21 DISCUSSION Summary of evidence 24 Summarize the main findings including the strength of evidence for each main outcome; consider their relevance to key groups 27-30 (e.g., healthcare providers, users, and policy makers). Limitations 25 Discuss limitations at study and outcome level (e.g., risk of bias), and at review-level (e.g., incomplete retrieval of identified 31-32 research, reporting bias). Conclusions 26 Provide a general interpretation of the results in the context of other evidence, and implications for future research. 32 FUNDING Funding 27 Describe sources of funding for the systematic review and other support (e.g., supply of data); role of funders for 33 the systematic review. From: Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med 6(7): e1000097. Table S2. Data extraction form Traditional Mexican diet definition Association between the traditional Mexican diet and health outcomes Author Author Year Year and country Country Study design Journal title or publication format Population characteristics Study design Dietary pattern assessment method Years/period represented Dietary pattern definition Geographical location represented Comparators Population represented Time point of measurement Diet assessment method Results Dietary pattern description Covariates Table S3. Methodology used to categorise foods in the traditional Mexican diet in all included studies Main foods Limited foods Vegetables Peas, White (inc. Other First author Year Fruits Pulque and Meat lentils, Fish and Pumpkin, Vanilla Pulque and bread Chile or Greens, Milk Soups or Batrachia grains/ Turkey or Coffee/so Solid Dessert Addedd Maize Beans Squash (incl. Amaranth fermented Avocado and ayocotes seafood (inc. Eggs Roots chia and and Onion Insects Honey Sage Meats Fruits alcoholic Oil and Eggs Milk salsas nopal, cheese stews n Wheat chicken da fats s sugars Tuna) beverages organs and other charales) other seeds chocolate maguey and rice drinks refined legumes tomato) grains Aguirre-Beltran 1994 11 1 1 1 1 Allen 1992 1 Almaguer Gonzalez 2018 11 1 1 Algert 1998 11 1 Anderson 1946 11 1 11 1 Avila-Nava 2017 11 1 Barros 1999 Beals 1943 Berdan 2017 11 1 1 1 Bertran-Vila 2010 11 1 11 1 Bertrán 2005 11 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 Bertrán 2006 11 1 1 Burgos-Monzon 2013 11 1 111 1 Carrera 2007 Casillas 1984 111 1 Castelló Yturbide 1986 11 1 1 Cook 1980 11 1 1 11 1 1 1 Crocker Sagastume 2004 11 1 Davalos Hurtado 1994 1 Flores 2010 Flores y Escalante 2004 11 1 1 11 11 1 1 1 García Chávez 2017 Garcia Uriguen 2012 Harris 2004 Katz 1990 11 1 1 11 Kittler 2007 Llamas 1935 11 1 1 Long-Solis 2005 11 1 1 Lopez Alonso 1974 1 Márquez-Morfín 1991 11 1 1 McMurry 1991 11 11 Méndez y Mercado 1993 11 1 1 Mercado 2012 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 Moreno-Altamirano 2017 Murtaugh 2008 11111 Ojeda-Granados 2017 11 1 Ortiz de Montellano 1990 11 1 1 1 1 Quevedo 2004 11 1 1 1 1 Quiñones Tapia 2019 11 1 Quiroz 2004 Ravussin 1994 Rendon 1947 11 1 Robles-Ordaz 2017 11 1 1 Rodríguez Morán 2009 Roman et al 2013 Romero-Gwynn 1994 Santiago-Torres 2015 11 11 1 1 11111 Santiago-Torres 2016 Santley et al. 1979 11 1 1 1 1 Shamosh 2014 11 1 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 Soustelle 1970 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 11 Tseng 1997 11 1 11 UNESCO 2010 Vargas 1984 1 Vargas 1988 1 Vargas 2003 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 Velasco 1995 11 Weitlaner 1952 Wentworth 1936 1 Wicke 1959 11 1 1 1 Wyatt 1998 39 33 24 21 17 9 7 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 4 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 8 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 % of documents that mention item 90% 55 75% 46 50% 31 25% 15 90% 54 75% 45 50% 30 25% 15 Grains and tubers Grains Roots and tubers (excluding jícama ) Total Others*: mentions Wheat Chi ncha yo Sweet Yuca Oca, olluco, Total añu, ñame, Total First author Year bread, Breakfast te/ potato (guacamote (grains Unspecific Amaranth Maize Rice Rye Barley Oat Millet Quinoa mentions Unspecific Potato boniato, Ayatito Tule Malanga mentions pasta or cereals chayote (yams, , mandioca, and (grains) macal, flor (tubers) tortillas root boniato) cas sava) de tigre, tubers) pochote Aguirre-Beltran 1994 11 2 02 Allen 1992 11 1 11 5 1 1 6 Almaguer Gonzalez 2018 11 2 1 1 1 3 5 Algert 1998 11 2 1 13 Anderson 1946 11 01 Avila-Nava 2017 11 01 Barros 1999 11 2 1 1 2 4 Beals 1943 11 01 Berdan 2017 11 01 Bertran-Vila 2010 11 01 Bertrán 2005 11 1 3 1 1 1 3 6 Bertrán 2006 11 01 11 1 3 03 Burgos-Monzon 2013 Carrera 2007 111 14 111 37 Casillas 1984 11 2 02 Castelló Yturbide 1986 11 2 11 1 1 4 6 Cook 1980 11112 Crocker Sagastume 2004 11 2 02 Davalos Hurtado 1994 1111134 Flores 2010 1111 15 1 16 Flores y Escalante 2004 11111111 1 9 11 1 1 1 5 14 García Chávez 2017 11111 1611 28 Garcia Uriguen 2012 11 2 02 Harris 2004 11 1 3 1 1 4 Katz 1990 111123 Kittler 2007 11 1 3 1 1 1 3 6 Llamas 1935 111 12 Long-Solis 2005 1111 4 0 4 Lopez Alonso 1974 1111134 Márquez-Morfín 1991 1111134 McMurry 1991 11 01 Méndez y Mercado 1993 11 1 3 03 Mercado 2012 11 1 1 1 5 1 1 2 7 Moreno-Altamirano 2017 1 1 01 Murtaugh 2008 0 00 Ojeda-Granados 2017 11 2 02 Ortiz de Montellano 1990 11 2 02 Quevedo 2004 11 2 1 1 1 3 5 Quiñones Tapia 2019 11 2 02 Quiroz 2004 111 3 1 14 Ravussin 1994 11 1 3 1 1 4 Rendon 1947 11 1 3 1 1 2 5 Robles-Ordaz 2017 1 1 01 Rodríguez Morán 2009 111123 Roman et al 2013 11 2 02 Romero-Gwynn 1994 11 1 1 4 115 Santiago-Torres 2015 111 14 0 4 Santiago-Torres 2016 11 2 02 Santley et al.
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