MEMOIRS

of the NATIONAL MUSEUM OF

MELBOURNE AUSTRALIA

Director J. MCNALLY

Deputy Director and Editor EEMUNDD. GILL

PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE COUNCIL

12 APRIL 1971 Registered at the G.P.O., for transmission by post as a book BROWN PRIOR ANDERSON PTY LTD 5 EVANS STREET BURWOOD VICTORIA Bay Swvey 2

BENTHIC COMMUNITIES

Abstract The depth, substrate, flora and fauna of the 317 stations worked by the survey are listed and the benthic comnlunities represented are discussed.

h&odanc6lon new species and many ncw records were col- The benthic fauna of Port Phillip Bay was lected. Also it was found that some species collected over a period of six years, May 1957 collected by earlier workers such as the 1888- to May 1963. During this period collections 95 survey of the Royal Society of Victoria have werc made at 317 stations and all but six of become scarce, and are only taken now in the these were within Port khillip Heads. Six sta- Heads region. Also because previously there tions were worked within the 10 fm line along had been no systematic collecting beyond the the open coast for comparison with the stations sublittoral, many species only rarely taken have within the bay. Where substrate, flora and been found to be dominant in deeper water fauna changed rapidly, such as many areas communities, e.g. Pbesiastvea urvillei, Anadara close to shore, stations were close together. In trapezia, and Pecten alba. It was the informa- more uniform areas such as the central silty tion gained from the survey that decided the clay and clay basin within the 10 fm line, sta- Fisheries and Wildlife Department to open tions were more widely spaced. Port Phillip bay to the scallop fishing industry. Such a large (735 sq mi, 1900 sq km) and All identified species from the survey are listed complex geological area naturally has a variety systematicaliy and numbered. These irumbers of communities which can be considered on are used instead of names in the station lists. two levels, viz. (I) the major divisions which Where a number is followed by a question are more or less dependent on substrate and mark the identification is made by this author depth, and (2) the restricted communities and not the author for the biolo~gicalgroup con- within these major boundaries. Because of the cerned. considerable detail involved, it has not been The method of tabulation of the stations is possible to attempt a study of the latter, but the to list depth, substrate, flora and fauna follow- flora and fauna of a11 stations is listed and the ed by remarks if necessary. The boundaries of major communities are discussed. Thus the the major communities, and their affinities in present work is merely a basis on which it is other parts of the world, are discussed. hoped other workers will build by studying in It is unfortunate that systematic zoologists greater detail the communities which are shown could not be found to work certain groups in to exist. time for this publication, e.g. Porifera and Am- The methods of collecting by skin divers and phipoda. drcdge were to some extent selective, and the Reefs in the bay are limited in extent and author is sure that grab collecting and divers occur in less than six fathoms, but most support ivhs have the oppanimal communi- small areas would increase the number of spe- ties. The most diverse and interesting of these cies at many of the stations. In spite of this, 22 is the artificial reef of the Popes Eye Annulus, 130 Jr. HOPE BLACK

Area 59 (36),built last century in the form of Dictyota alternifida a circle with an opening to the N. It is con- D. apic~ihta structed of basalt, and has a jetty with light D. dichotonza on the W. side. The floor is of sand, where the D. furcellata molluscs include the marginellas and Xeno- Pachydictyoa furcellatum galea. This station and its surrounds has such P. paniculatum a unique fauna that it should be classified as a Diloplzus fastigiatus marine national reserve to preserve its in- Dilophus sp. habitants. Lobospira biscuspidata Plants Dictyopteris muelleri PHANEROGAMS Distromium? 1. Zostera nzuelleri Padina fraseri Taonia australasica 2. Z. tasmanica (= Heterozostera) 3. Naloplqila ovalis Zonaria turneriaraa Z. sinclairii 4. Cynzodocea antarctica (= Amphibolis) Bellotia eriophorz~m ALGAECHLORQPHYTA Carpoinitra costata I. Ulva lactz~ca Colpomenia sinuosa 2. Chaetonzorpha darwinii Ecklonia ra~liuta 3. C. indica Macrocystis angustifolia 4. Cladoplzora bainesii Durvillea pofatorum 5. C. fascicularis Xiphophora chondrophylla 6-6B. Cladophora sp. (1-3) Seirococcus axillaris 7. Bryopsis plumosa Acrocarpia paniculata 8. Caulerpa brownii Caulocystis cephalornitlzos 9. C. cactoides C. uvifera 10. C. flexilis Cystophora congesta 11. C. flexilis var. muelleri C. expansa 12. C. geminata C. grevillei 13. C. longifolia C. monilifera 14. C. longifolia f. crispata C. moniliformis 15. C. obscura C. retorta 16. C. remotifolia C. retroflexa 17. C. scalpelliformis C. siliquosa 18. C. simpliciuscula C. subfarcinata 19. C. trifaria C. torulosa 20. Codium duthiae Myriodesma integrifolia 20A. C. fragile novaezelandiae Sargassum decipiens 21. C. galeatum S. Izeteronzorphum 22. C. harveyi S. paradoxum 23. C. perrinae S. sonderi 24. Acetabularia peniculus S. verrucolosum PRAEOPWYTA 25. Ectocarpus confervoides 74. Liagora harveyiana 26. Feldmannia globifer 75. Delisea elegans 27. Sphacelaria furcigera 76. Celidium australe 28. Halopteris funiczilaris 77 G. glandulaefnltum 3 1. Cladostephus verticillatus 78. Pterocladia capillacea 32. Cutleria multifida 79. P. lucida BEWTHIC COMMUNITIES

Dasyphloea insignzs l 30. Ballia cwlkitricha Cheilosporum elegans 131. B. scoparia Coralliiza cuvierk 132. Ceramium sp. 1 C. oficinulis 133. Ceramium sp. 2 Jania fastigiuta 134. Ceramium sp. 3 Metagoniolithon stelligerum 135. Grifithsia teges Crateloupia filicina var. luxurians 136. Neomonospora grifithsoides Polyopes constrictus 1 37. Spongoclonium conspicuum Callophyllis ceratoclada 138. Sypridia opposita C. harveyana 139. Wrangelia protensa Gracilaria confervoides 140. Dasya naccarioides G. furcellata 141. D. villosa C. secundata 142. Neterosiphonia gunniana Melanthalia obtusata 143. H. nzuelleri Plocamium angustum 144. Acrosorium urzcinatum P. coccineum 145. Hymenena afinis P. costatum 146. Myriogramme gunniana P. mertensii 146A. M. sp. P. preissianum 147. Nitophyllum parvifolium Phacelocarpus labillardieri 148. N. SF'. Nizymenia australis 149. Phityrnophora imbricata Solieria mollis 150. Malaconema roeana S. robusta 151. Sarcotrichia dolichocystidea Areschougia laurencia 152. Lophurella periclados Ery throclonium muelleri 153. Polysiphonia blandi Rhabdonia coccinea 154. P. cancellata R. nigrescens 155. Brongniartella australis R. verticillata 156. Lopotlzalia verticillata Rhodophyllis goodwiniae 157. L. sp. ,Hypnea e~~i~copalis 158. Dictymenia harveyuna Hypnea sp. 159. Jeannerettia pedicellata Ectoclinium dentatum 160. Dasyclonium incisum Mychodea compressa 161. Lenormandia prolifera M. foliosn 162. L. smithiae M. hamata 163. Cladurus elatus M. membranacea 164. Coeloclonium opuntioides Dicranema grevillei 165. Luurencia clavata Stenogramme leptophylla 166. L. elata Gigartina brachiata 167. L. filiformis G. muelleriana 168. L. heteroclada Rhodoglossunz folziferum 169. L. lasmanica R. proliferum Botr,yocladia obovata Erythryrnenia nninclta HYDRBZOA Gloiosaccion brownii 1. Eudendrium capillare Rlzodyrnetzia a~~stra1i.s 2. Tubularia ralpl~ii Clzampia afllnis var. arcuata 3. T. larynx C. obsoieta 4. Fennaria disticha C. tasi.~zanica 5. Myriotlzela australis Antitlzamnion inucronatum 6. Obelia australis 132 J. MOPE BLACK

7. 0. geniculata f. subtropica P. membranaceum 8. Orthopy-xis crenata subti*opica Chondronephythya fusca 9. 0. caliculata Mopsella aurantia 10. Silicularia bilabiata subtropica IB.9~ zimmeri 11. Halecium delicatulum M. clavigera 12. Hebella calcarata M. klunzingeri 13. Hincksella corrugata Mopsea encrinula 14. Tlzyroscyphus marginatus Virgularia cf. mirabilis 15. Stereotheca elongata 16. Diphasia subcarinatn SCLERACTINIA 17. Amphisbetia minima 1. Plesiastrea urvillei 18. A. operculata 2. Homophyllia austr,alis 19. Sertularia unguiculata 3. Culicia hoflnzeisteri 20. Thuiaria lata 4. Monomyces radiatus 2 1. Dynamena quadridentata 22. Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus 23. S. SP. 24. Sertillarella simplex Harmothoe spinosa 25. S. robusta Malmgrenia plzillipensis 26. S. unduluta Paralepidonotus ampulliferus 27. Plum~~lariasefaceoides Polyeunoa sp. 28. P. wattsii Sigalion ovigerum 29. P. procumbens Eteone platycephala 30. Aglaophenia divaricata Eululia (Pterocirrus) magalhaensis 31. A. decurnbens Notophyllum splendens 3 1A. Halicornaria longirostris Phyllodoce duplex 32. Solanderia fusca Nerimyra longicirrata CORALLIMORPHARIA Eusyllis brevicirrata Syllis kinberginna 1. Corynactis australis Trypanosyllis zebra ~CTINIARIA Ceratonereis costae 2. Actinia tenebrosa C. mirabilis 3. Oulactis muscosa Nereis cockburnensis 4. Anthopleura aureoradiata N. (Neanthes) caudata 5. Epiactis nustraliensis Perinereis arnblyodonta 6. E. thomsoni P. nutia brevicirris 7. Phlyctenactis t~~berculosa Platynereis australzs 8. P. australis Glycera americana 9. Bunodactis rubrofusca Coniauda enzerita 10. Zsanemonia ausaalis Eunice antennata 11. bsophellia stela B. uustralis 12. Anthothoe albocincta E. tentaculata 13. Cricophorus nutrix E. ( Palolo ) siciliensis ZOANTHIDEA Lysidice ninetta Diopatra aciculata 14. Parazoanthus lividum Onuphis (Nothria) holobranchiata 15. El?izoanthus subulosum Oenone fulgida OCTOCORALLIA -T irrqhriqeri_r lgfuejl!i 1. Telesto smithi Arabella iricolor iricolor 2. Parerythropodium hicksoni Dorvillea australiensis Givr.riformia filigera Girolanu woodjonesi C. tentaculata C. australiense Chaetopterus vaviopedatus Neocirolana obesa Halploscoloplos kerguelensis Serolis tubevculata Armandia lanceolata Zuzara venosa Asychis glabra Cymodoce bidentata Pectinaria antipoda C. coronata Terebellides stroemi C. gaiinardii Polycirrus porcata C. muldens australis TheLepus setosus C. pubescens Amphitrite rubra C. tuberculosa Artacamella dibranchiata Cilicaea curtispina Axionice harrissoni C. latreillei Eupolymnia nebulosa Paracilicaea lzarnata Lanice conchilega P. septemdentala Pista typha Cymodopsis crassa Branchiomma cingulata Dynamenella parva Sabellastarte indica D. rubida S. longa Cerceis acuticaudata Myxicola infundibulum C. tridentata Spivorbis (Paralaeospira j antarcticus C. trispinosa S. (Paralaeospira) sp. Haswellia anomala Pomatoc,eros terraenovae Salmacina dysteri Serpula sp. Temporaria polytreina Petulomera lateralis Vernziliopsis acanthophora P. wilsoni V. infundibulum Dromidiopsis excavata Ebalia (Phlyxia) intermedia Philyra larvis 1. Phascolosorna nodtlliferum P. undecimspinosa 2. Golfingin sp. Nalicarcinus ovatus 3. Den~drostomumsp. N. rostratus Pavatymolus latipes 1. A nelassorhynchus adelaidensis Naxia deflexifrons 2. Bonellia gigas N. aurita 3. B. sp. N. tumida 4. Arhynchite hiscocki Notomithrax minor Leptomithrax gaimardii Carcinus maenus Nectocarcinus integrifrons 1. Balanus variegatus cirratus Ovalipes australiensis 2. Elmiizius modestus Actaea peroni 3. E. simplex Pilumnus acer P. etheridgei IS~PODA P. monilifer 1. Paridotea munda P. tomentosus 2. P. ungulata He~eropilumnusjimbriutu~ 3. Crabyzos longicaudatus Pilumnopeus serratifrons 4. Euidotea peronii Litoclzeira bispinosa J. HOPE BLACK

26. Pinnotheres gisum Herpefopama aspeiTsa 27. Leptograpsus variegatus' Grantia irnbricata 28. Cyclograpsus audomnii Callio~toma(Faulor) allport; 29. Paraguapsus quadridenlatus Cantharidella tiberiana 30. P. gaimardii Cantlzm-ides pulcherrimus 3 1. Myctryis platycheles C. ramburi Phasiaizotrocl~us apicinus P. eximius P. irisodontes 1. Terenochiton liratus P. rutilus 2. Subterenoclziton gabrieli Austrocochlea adelaidea 3. Poneroplax albida A. constricts 4. P. costata A. odontis 5. Kopionella mafthewsi Clarzculus aloysii 6. Craspedoplux variabilis C. limbatus 7. Acanthochiton bednalli C. plebejus 8. A. graniostratus Ethminiola tasnzanica 9. Meluroplax retrojecta Stomatella impertusa 10. Cryptoplax iredalei Subninella undulata 11. C. slriata Micrastraea aurea 3%. Pschnochiton elongatus Plzasianella australis 13. I. falcatus P. ventricosa 14. I. lineolatus Melanerita inelanotragus 15. I. variegat~ls Melarapha pruetermissa 16. Iscl7noradsia evanida M. unifasciata 16A. Aulucochiton cimolia Bembiciurn auratum 17. Heterozona cariosa B. melanostomum 18. H. fruticosa B. nanurn 19. Rlzyssoplax exoptanda Assiminea brazieri 20. R. tvicosta.lis A. ta~manica Serpulorbis sipho Velacumantus australis Notohaliotis ruber Zeaccrmant~rsdiemenensis Marinauris emmae Diala lauta Schisinotis laevigata D. monile Notomella candida D. pagodula Montfortula rugosa D. pulchra Anzblychilepas javanicensis Gucozeliana granaria A. omicron Eubitlium lawleyanum A. nigrita Hypotrochus monachus A. oblonga Ataxacerithium serotinum Cosinetalepas concatenatus Notosinister macu/osa Eligidion arldax Cingulina spira Cellana tramoserica Hipponyx conicus Patelloicla alticostatu Antisabia foliacea Chiazacm.ea flammae Capulus violucea Actinoleuca calamus Sigapatella calpy trueformis ?vTctoacniea gi-aiissa Zcauypzu inzmer~a N. mayi Conuber conicum N. scabrilirata Glossaulaux aulacoglossa Sigaretotrema umbikicatn Bulla botanica Ectosinum zonak Ralninoea brevis Lamellaria ssp. %d. ienera Notocypraea angustata Philine angasi N. comptoni Doridium queritor Xenogalea pyrum D. cyaneum Cymatiella lesueuri Aplysia parvula C. verrucosa A. sydneyensis Cabastana spengleri Pleurobranchaea maculosa C. waierhousei Ceratosoma brevicaudatum Pterynotus triformis Austrodoris pecularis Bedeva paivae Alloiodoris nivosus Lepsiella vinosa Doriopsilla aurea Dicathais textilosa D. carneola Dentimitrella austrina D. staminea D. franklinensis D. lincolnensis BIVALVIA D. menkeana Leionucula obliqua D. nubeculata Anadara trapezia D. pulla Barbatia pistachia D. semiconvexa B. squamosa Macrozafra angasi Modiolus cottoni Austrosipho grandis M. inconstans Cominalla eburnea Br~chidont~esrostratus C. Eineolata Lanistina ulmus Parcanassa buchavdi Mytilus planulatus P. pauperata Electroma georgiana Tavaniotha optata Propeamussim thetidis Niotha pyrrhus . Pecten alba Pleuroploca australasia Ghlamys asperrinzus Microcolus dunkeri Ostrea angasi Alocoxpira marginata Venericardia bimaculata A ustromitra tasrnanica Fulvia tenuicostata Mitra australis Phacosoma coerulea Eumitra glabra P. circinaria Amorena undulata Notocallista kingii Cryptospira pygmaeoides Clzioneryx cardioides Austroginella johnstoni Tawera gallinula Mitraguraleus mitralis Callanaitis disjecta Floroconus anemone Eumarcia fumigata Salinator fragilis Katelysia rhytiphora Siphonaria diemenensis K. scalar*ina Pullastra fabagella OPISTHOBRANCHIA P. galactites There were 88 species of Opisthobranchia Donncilla nitida recorded for Port Phillip by Burn 1966, but Notospisula cretacea most of these are seasonal in occurrence and N. trigonella unimportant when considering permanent eco- Electromactra arzferpdens logical communities; hence they have not been Soletellina biradiata listed here. S. donacioides J~ ROPE BLACK

Theora fragilis A. sp. Pseudarcopagia victoria@ Scruparia ambigua HomaEina delloidalis Membrdnipora membranacva R. mariae M. perfragilis Hiatella australis M. papulifera Gastroclzaena tasmanica Conopeum reticulum Pholas australasiae Spiralaria denticulta Myadora brevis Bugularia dissimilis Cleidothearus albidus Pyrulell~zpyrula QfJadesma angasi Hiantopora ferox Laternula creccina Arachnopusia monoceros Caleschara denticulata Steganoporella magnilabris Amplisepia apama Thairopora cincta Euprymna tamanica T. mamillaris Pdiosepius notoides T. SP. Nototodarus sloanii gouldii Cellaria pzlnctata Sepioteuthis australis C. hirsuta Loligo sp. C. tenuirostris Octopus australis Didymozoum simplex Q. flindersi Beania c'rotali Q. pallidus B. magellanica 0. supersilioszls B. spinigera Hapalochlaena maculosa Dimetopia spicata Argonauta nodosa Cornucopina grandis C. tuba Bugula dentata Megerlena lamarckiana B. neritina B. sp. BRYOZOA Scrupocellaria cyclostoma Elzerina blainvillii S. diadema Bowerbankia sp. S. ornifhorlzyncus Arnatlzia australis S. scrupea A. biseriata S. scruposa A. inarmata Amastigia rudis A. tovtuosa Bugulopsis cuspidata A. sp. Caberea darwinii Crisia acropora C. glabra C. edwardsiana C. grandis C. tenuis C. sp. C. geniculata Canda arachnoides C. sp. C. renuis Berenicea sarniensis Menipea crystallina Stomatopora geminata M. sp. Idmidronea australis Celleporella hyalina Hornera foliacea Euthyroides episcopalis H. sp. Schizoporella biturrita P :nl"n,,nnnvn 0- '2 ULLr'LI'V~VIV1 i(y. U. S?. Aetea anguina Microporella ciliata A. sica Fenestrulina malusii BENTHHHG COMMUNITIES

F. "p. Mucropetraliella ellerii M. serrata M. watersi ASTEROIDEA Mucropeti~aliella sp. 1. Tosia australis Farasmittina trispinosa 2. T. magnifica P. macphersonae 3. Pentagonaster duebeni Smidlina sp. 4. Nectria nzacrobvaclzia Margaretta hirsuta 5. N. ocellata Retepora avicularis 6. N. m~~ltispina Retepora sp. 7. vernicina Rlz~~nchozoontubulosum 8. Austrofromia polypora Schizoretepora tessellata 9. Patiriella calcar Triphyllozoon monilifera 10. P. gunni Adeorza gvisea 10A. P. brevispina A. sp. l l. Paranepanthia grandis Ademzella cellulosa 12. Nepanthia hadracantlza A. gracilis 13. Plectaster decanus Adeonellopsis mucronata 14. Coscinasterias calamaria A. SP. 15. Allostichaster polyplax Celleporaria foliata 16. Uniophora granifera C. verrucosa C. albirostris C. marnillata Ophiomyxa australis C. prolifera Ophiacantha alternata C. sp. Oplziactes resiliens Celleporina costazii Amphipholus squanzata Vittaticella elegans A~nphiuraconstricts V. buskii A. poelica V. perforata A. elandiformis V. SP. A. (Ophiopeltis) parviscutata Costaticella hastata Ophiocentrus pilosus Scuticella lorica Ophiotlzrix caesipitosa S. margaritncea 0. sp. S. plagiostoma Ophiocoma canaliculata S. ventricosa Ophionereis sclzayeri Corrztiticella cornuta Oplziarachnella ramsayi Pterocella alata Oplziura kinbergi Claviporella aurita C. geminata Calpdium p onderosum l. Goniocidaris tubarlu f. imyressa Calwellia bicornis 2. Helioci~lariserythrogramma C. gracilis 3. Amblypneustes ovum 3A. Paclzycentrotus azistraliae 4. Eclzinocardium cordatum CRINOIDEA Comantlzus trichoptera Aporumeiru wii,>ur~i 1. Sttc!-,opus mc111:. Euantedon paucicirra 2. Pentacta australis Antenoid sp. 3. Steroderma sp. d. HOPE BLACK

Skaurothyone inconspicua Benthie Stations Thyone iaigra AREA2 (2011 Cucumella mutans Depth. 3 5 frn Paracaudina australis Substrate. Dark grey to blackish clay Leptosynapta dolabrifera Annelida. Bolychaeta 2 1, 28 Trochdota allani Mollusca. Bivalvia 29 . Pleurogona 15 REMARKS:This station E. of the shipping channel is situated on the clay of the Yarra Aplidiurn phortax R. mouth and has the barrenness expected of a Synoicum papilliferurn scoured channel. S. arenaceum AREA3 (202) Ritterella asymmetrica Depth. 2 5 fm Clavelina baudinensis Substrate. Sand Podoclavella cylindrica Algae. Rhodophyta 134 Polycitor gigantus Crustacea. Isopoda 12, Brachyura 6-7, 13 Sycozoa tenuicaulis Mollusca. Gastropoda 80, 96. Bavalvia 9-10, S. cerebriformis 19-20, 22-23, 29. Distaplia viridis D. stylifera AREA3 (203) Cystodites delleclziajei Depth. 2 5 fm Ciona intestinalis Substrate. Ironstone reef outcropping from Corella eumyota sand. The reef was covered with coral al- Perophora hutchisoni most to the exclusion of other growth. Asciclia sydneiensis Coelenterata. Scleractinea 1 A. gemmata Crustacea. Isopoda 12, Brachyura 4, 16 Ascidiella aspersa Mollusca. Gastropoda 68, 98. Bivalvia 13, 20, 22-23 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. Botryllus gracilis AREA5 (51) B. stewartensis Depth. 4 fm Botrylloides magnicoecus Substrate. Sand Symplegma viride Algae. Phaeophyta 73 Amphicarpa diptyclza Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 13, 16, 21-22, 25 Polyandrocarpa lapidosa Mollusca. Bivalvia 13 Oculinaria australis Bryozoa. 72, 76 Polycarpa pedunculata Echinodermata. Asteroidea 10A, Holothuroi- Styela etheridgii dea 1 S. plicata Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. Asterocarpa cerea Pyura irregularis AREA 5 (52) P. paclzyderrnatina Depth. 3-3 5 fm P. praeputialis Substrate. Sand P. fissa Algae. Phaeophyta 5 1 Microsmzis spiniferus Mollusca. Gastropoda 32, 24, 80, Bivalvia 5, M. australis 11A, 13 Herdmania nzomus Bryozoa. 72. 76 Molgula sabulosa Echinodermata. Asteroidea 15, Holothuroidea, M. janis 2. BENTHIC COMMUNITIES l39

AREA5 (53) REMARKS:Area 5 (51-58) is a uniform Depth. 2 5 fm habitat with a sand bottom through which oul- Substrate. Sand, with some broken shaley reef crops broken basalt reef. The sand has a Birnited Algae. Phaeophyta 5 1 fauna with Mytilus planulatu~ and Ostrea Annelida Polychaeta. 1, 20, 44 angasi dominant, and Pecten alba in the deeper Mollusca. Amphineura 12, 18, Gastropoda 15, water. 32, 34, Bpisthobranchia 10, Bivalvia 9, 13, AREA5 (165) 3 1 Depth. 6 fm Bryozoa. 72, 76 Substrate. Silty sand Echinoder~nata.Asteroidea 7. Algae. Rhodophyta 122 AREA5 (54) Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 26 Depth. 2-2 5 fm Mollusca. Bivalvia 9 Substrate. Sand and broken reef Ascidiacea. Pleurogolla 11, 18. Algae. Rhodophyta 83, 102 AREA5 (166) Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 10, 17 Depth. 6 fm Crustacea. Isopoda 15, 17 Substrate. Silty sand Mollusca. Amphincura 12, 18, Gastropoda 28, Algae. Chlorophyta 6, 14, Phaeophyta 32 32, 34, Bivalvia 9, 13, 38 Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 13, 22, 26 Bryozoa. 72, 76. Mollusca. Gastropoda 80, Bivalvia 9, 11A, 13 AREA 5 (55) Echmodermata. Holothuroidea i Dcpth. 2 5 fm Ascidiacea. Plcurogona 11, 13, 15, 18. Subsfrate. Brolten reef and sand AREA5 (167) Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 13 Depth. 7 fm Bryozoa. 72, 76. Substrate. Silty sand AREA5 (56) Phanerogams. l Depth. 3.5 fm Algae. Rhodophyta 121 Substrate. Reef Crustacca. Brachyura 7 Algae. Chlorophyta 14, 16, Rhodophyta 120- Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 13, 24 12 1 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15, 18. Coelenterata. Scleractinia 1 AREA5 (168) Annelida. Polychaeta 26 Depth. 1 5 fm Molluscs, Gastropoda 15, Bivalvia 9, 13, 23 Substrate. Sand and some shale Bryozoa. 72, 76. Phanerogarns. 1 AREA5 (57) AEgne. Chlorophyta 14 Depth. 2 fm Crustacea. Bsopoda 5, Brachyr~ra7, 13, 16, 26 Substrate. Sand Mollusca. Gastropoda 92, Bivalvia 9-10, 13. 23 Algae. Chlorophyta 14, 16 Echinoclerrnata. Asteroidea 1-2 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 13, 26 Ascidiacca. Plcurogona 15, 18 Bryozoa. 54, 68-69, 72, 74, 76, 79, 33-91 AREA5 (169) Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17,Pleurogona 10, 18. Algae. Chlorophyta 14 AREA5 (58) Ann~elida Polychaeta. 1, 3, 6, 20, 34, 44, 47 Depth. 2 fnl Crustacea Brachyura 7, 26 in Bivalvia 9 Substrate. Shelly sand Pdollusca. Bivalvia 9, 10, 13, Opisthobranchia 4 Algae. Rhodophyta 102 Echinodcrmata. Echi~oidea3. Coclentcrata. Actinaria 3 REMARKS:Thc series of stations Area 5 Crustacea. Brachyura 19, 24 (165-9) are typical of the Cclulerpa beds of Mollusca. Gastropoda 96, Bivalvia 9, 13, 26 the NW. section of the bay. Stations 167-168 Bryozoa. 72, 76. are on small isolated patches of Zostera. 140 T. HOPE

AREA 6 (63) Algae. Cholorophyta 1, 18, 20A, Phaeophyta Depth. 6-6.5 fm 71, Rhodophyta 83, 86, 105, 118, 120, Substrate. Silty sand 135-,136, 148, 152 Algae. Rhodophyla 139 Annelida. Polychaeta 44, 47 Crustacea. Brachyura 6 Crustacea. Isopoda 1, Brachyura 5, 7, 13, 29 Mollusca. Gastropoda 98, Bivalvia 9, 11A, 13 Mollusca. Gastropoda 12, 37-38, 70, 92, 95, Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1 97, Bivalvia 9, 13, 23, 26, 34 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 17, on Pecten alba. Echinodermata. Asteroidea 9, Ophiuroidea 4 AREA 6 (64) Ascidiacea. Pleuogona 2, 18. Depth. 6 fm REMARKS:This station was the wreck of the Substrate. Silty sand Albert William Barge and because of the shal- Algae. Rhodophyta 136 low water a number of species was found in Crustacea. Brachyura 6, 26 the lower eulittoral and sub-littoral. Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 118, 13, Opisthobran- AREA6 (136) chiata 4 Depth. 2.2 fm Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1 Substrate. Silty sand Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 17. Crustacea. Brachyura 7. AREA6 (65) AREA6 (137) Depth. 5 fm Depth. 2.5 fm Substrate. Sand with reef outcropping Substrate. Coarse sand with outcropping reef Coelenterata. Actinaria 3 Algae. Chlorophyta 8, Rhodophyta 125, 144, Annelida. Polychaeta 34 167 Crustacea. Isopoda 13, 17, Brachyura 6 Annelida. Polychaeta 1 Mollusca. Amphineura 20, Gastropoda 15, 51, Crustacea. Brachyura 13, 21, 25 66, Opisthobranchiata 4, Bivalvia 3, 9 Mollusca. Alnphineura 12, 20, Gastropoda 1, Bryozoa. 91-92, 94-95 32, 34, 38, 65, 66, 80, 89, 98, Bivalvia 3, 9, Echinodermata. Asteroidea 4, 7, Echinoidea 10, 13 2, 4, Holothuroidea 2 Bryozoa. 70, 75 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 9- 10, Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, 7, 14, 15, Ophiuroidea 2, 4, Echinoidea 2, Holothuroi- AREA 6 (66) dea 2 Depth. 5 fm Ascidiacea. Enterogona 5, 17, Pleurogona 4, Substrate. Silty sand. 17-18. Algae. Chlorophyta 8 Crustacea. Brachyura 4-5, 7, 13, 22 REMARKS:This is the area surrounding the Mollusca. Gastropoda 51, 66, Bivalvia 9 wreckage of the Kakariki. Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17. AREA6 (199) Depth. 8.5 fm AREA6 (67) Substrate. Silty clay. Depth. 5 fm Substrate. Silty sand REMARKS:Visibility was poor and the bot- Algae. Chlorophyta 8, Phaeophyta 51, Rhodo- tom appeared to be barren. phyta 136 AREA6 (200) Crustacea. Brachyura 4-5, 25 Depth. 8 fm Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 13, Opisthobranchiata 4 Substrate. Silty clay Ascidiacea. Enterogona 8. Annelida. Polychaeta 35. AREA6 (118) AREA7 (123) Depth. 0.5-1 fm Depth. 3.5 fm Substrate. Sandy silt with outcropping reef Substrate. Sand Phanersgams. 1 Coelenterata. Actinaria 1 1 Annelida. Polychaeta P, 14, 44, 50 AREA9 (62) Crustacea. Brachyura 13, 14, 22-23, 25 Depth. 2.f fm Mollusca. Bivalvia 3, 13 Substrate. Medium to coarse sand and shell Bryozoa. 53-54 f ragmenls Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, Ophiuroidea 5, Phanerogams. 3 Echinoidea 4, Rolothuroidea 1, 6 Algae. Chlorophyta 8, 12, 14, l6 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 8, 17, Pleurogona 9, 18. Mollusca. Gastropoda 97, Bivalvia 9, 15 REMARKS:There were numbers of stones Ascidiacea. Enterogona 8, Pleurogona 9. up to 10 X 5 cm which served as an attachment for mussels and ascidians. AREA9 (84) Depth. Sublittoral AREA7 (204) Substrate. Sand Depth. 2.5 fm Phanerogam. 1 Substrate. Sand with reef outcropping Coelenterata. Actinaria 3-4 Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 34 Annelida. Polychaeta 19 Crustacea. Xsopoda 12, Brachyura 13 Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 15, 30 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9- 10. Mollusca. Gastropoda 95, Bivalvia 9-10, 23, 25, 28, 301, 35, 43 AREA7 (205) Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 20. Depth 2.5 fm Substrate. Sand with reef outcropping REMARKS:The species (particularly the mol- Algae. Rhodophyta, 132 luscs) recorded at this station, are typical of Crustacea. Isopoda 12, Brachyura 6 shallow very sheltered water fauna of the bay. Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 18. REMARK:Stations 204-5 are both situated on a reef off Point Ormond. Depth. 1.5 fm Substrate. Fine sand with skeletal matter AREA7 (206) Algae. Chlorophyta 8, 12, 16, 18, Rhodophyta Depth. 4 fm 102, 120, 122, 154 Substrate. Sand with some pebbles Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 11, 20, 32, 35, 47, 50 Crustacea. Isopoda 12, Brachyura 7 Crustacea. Brachyura 4, 7, 13, 16, 25 Mollusca. Gastropoda 15, 32, 34, 65, 80, 92, Mollusca. Gastropoda 32, 34, 56, 79, Bivalvia 96. Bivalvia 9, 18-19, 22, 25, 29. 9-10, 25, Opisthobranchia 4 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 15 AREA7 (207) Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. Depth 2.5 fm Substrate. Sand AREA9 (179) Annelida. Polychaeta 14, 35, 44 Depth. 3.5 fm Crustacea. Isopoda 12, Brachyura 13 Substrate. Coarse sand with shells and pebbles Mollusca. Bivalvia 1 1A Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 28 Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 7. Mollusca. Gastropoda 32, 34, 56, 79, Bivalvia 9-10, 23, 25. AREA7 (208) Depth. 5 5 frn REMARKS:In Table A (Mem. Nat. Mus. Substrate. Sand 27) this position is recorded as Area 19 but Annelida. Polychaeta 47 in Chart 2 it is shown in the extreme SE. corner Crustacea. Xsopoda 12, Brachyura 4, 7, 13, 26 of Area 9. This is of little importance as both TVrolli~ssr Gastrnpnda 96; Bivalvia 9-10. 19. 22. positions fall in the extensive Caulerpa beds Opisthobranchia 4 of the NW. coast of Port Phillip Bay (Chart 3, Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4, Holothuroidea 1. Mem. 27). 142 J. HOPE BLACK

AREA9 (180) AREA10 (103) Depth. 3 h Depth. 2-25 frn Substrate. Sand Subtrate. Clayey sand Crustacea. Brachyura 4, 7, 113, 16, 25 Algae. Chlorophyta 6, Phaeophyta 52, Rhodo- Mollusca. Gastropoda 32, 34, 56, 79, Bivalvia phyta 105, 122, 152, 167 9-10, 25 Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 1, 8, 10, 21, 25 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 13, 15. Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 52 AREA10 (11) Crustacea. Isopoda 2, 17, Brachyura 13, 29 Depth. 8 5 fm Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 13 Substrate. Silty sand Bryozoa. 2, 25, 48, 64-65, 90-91 Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 3 Echinodermata, Asteroidea 1, 9, 15-16, Echi- Mollusca. Gatsropoda 15, 58, 80, 88, Bivalvia noidea 2, Holothuroidea 1. 3, 9, 11A, 13, 15 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, Holothuroidea 2 AREA10 (104) Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 11, 15. Depth. 2.5 fm AREA 10 (12) Substrate. Sand-clay-silt Depth. 7 fm Algae. Rhodophyta 105, 122 Substrate. Silty sand Annelida. 1 Coelenterata. Corallimorparia 1 Crustacea. Isopoda 2, 17 Mollusca. Bivalvia 3, 11A, 13, 21 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 13 Ascidiacea. Enterogom 8, 11, Pleurogona 10, Bryozoa. 2, 25, 48, 64-65, 72, 91. 15. AREA10 (13) AREA10 (105) Depth. 6 5 fm Depth. 2.5 fm Substrate. Silty sand Substrate. Sand-silt-clay Annelida. Polychaeta 44, 47 Algae. Chlorophyta 8, Rhodophyta 122 Crustacea. Brachyura 3, 7, 22, 25 Annelida. Polychaeta 1 Mollusca. Gastropoda 32, Bivalvia 9-10, 11A Crustacea. Isopoda 2, 17 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 10, 15. Bryozoa. 2, 25, 48, 64-65, 90-91. AREA10 (14) Depth. 7.5 fm AREA10 (106) Substrate. Silty sand Depth. Phanerogams. 3 Substrate. Sand-silt-clay Annelida. Polychaeta 44, 47 Algae. Rhodophyta 122 Crustacea. Brachyura 3, 16, 21, 25 Annelida. Polychaeta 1 Mollusca. Gastropoda 28, 32, 56, 58, 65, Crustacea. Isopoda 2, 17 Bivalvia 9-10, 1lA, 12 Mollusca. Gastropoda, 92, 95, Bivalvia 9, 22- Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4, Holothuroidea 1 23, 27, 29, 35. Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 10, 15. REMARKS:Stations 103-6 are sitnated in the AREA10 (15) vicinity of Point Cook Pier and together illus- Depth. 4 fm trate the community of the area. Substrate. Sand AREA10 (193 j Phanerogam. 1 Algae. Chlorophyta 8, 14, 16, Phaetophyta 57, Depth. 6 fm Rhodophyta 122, 157 Substrate. Junction of sand and silty sand Annelida. Polychaeta 47 Bryozoa. 6-7 Crustacea. Brachyura 3, 25 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2, Holothuroidea 1. Mollusca. Gastropoda 28, 32, 34, 58, Bivalvia REMARKS.This station is in the transition 9, 13 zone from the Caulerpa to the more barren Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15, 20. silty sand with its restricted fauna. BENTHHC CO

AREAPO (194) Crustacea. Isopoda 18 Depth. 8 fm Ascidiacea. PIeurogona 15. Substrate. Silty sand AREA11 (195) Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4, Holothuroidea 1 Depth. 10.5 fm REMARKS.This dredge haul, like 193, crossed Substrate. Silty clay the transition zone. Annelida. Polychaeta 1 AREA11 (125) Crustacea. Brachyura 4. Depth. 8.5 fm AREA11 (212) Substrate. Silty sand Depth. 8 fm Crustacea. Brachyura 13 Substrate. Sandy silt Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 1 1A, 13, 15, 21 Annelida. Polychaeta 14, 21, 36, 44, 47, 50, 53 Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1-2, 6 Bryozoa. 6, 53-54, 77 Ascidiacea. 15 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 10. REMARKS:This station has a fauna typical of the communities living on the silty sand at AREA12 (110) Depth. 8.5 fm depths from 7-10 fm. The dominant marker species are Mytilus planulatus, Pecten alba, Substrate. Sand-silt-clay Ostrea angasi, Strichopus mollis and Pyura Algae. Rhodophyta 156 praeputialis. Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 3, 6 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9 AREA11 (190) Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1-2. Depth. 5.5 fm Substrate. Sand and shell fragments AREA12 (111) Algae. Chlorophyta 12, 16, 18, Rhodophyta Depth. 9 fm 122 Substrate. Sand-silt-clay Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 32, 34, 50 Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 3, 6 Crustacea. lsopoda 11, Brachyura 7-8, 13, 16, Mollusca. Bivalvia 1, 9, 11A 21-22, 25 Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4, Holothuroidea ~ollusc~.Gastropods 15, 32, 34, 58, 65, Opis- 1-2, 9 thobranchia L?, Bivzl~ia8, 10, 13, 15, l? Ascidiacea. Enterogona 8, 18, Pleurogona 10. Bryozoa. 69 REMARKS:Stations 110-11 have the same Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4 fauna which is a mixture derived from the Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 18. bivalvia-Stichopus sand community and the REMARKS:This station is on the transition deeper water annelid fauna of the zone between the Caulerpa dominated sand silty clays to the south. fauna and the holothurian-Pyura fauna of the AREA12 (112) silty sand. Depth. 9 fm AREA11 (191) Substrate. Silty clay Depth. 5.5 fm Coelenterata. Hydroida 3, 6, Actinaria 1 Substrate. Sand Annelida. Polychaeta 1 Algae. Rhodophyta 101, 122 Mollusca. Bivaliva 1, 9, 11A Crustacea. Brachyura 16, 25 Echinodermata. Eckioidea 4, Holothuroidea Echinodermata. Asteroidea 15, Ophiuroidea 5, 1-2, 9 13 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 18. Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. AREA12 (113) AREA11 (192) Depth. 10 fm Depth. 5 fm Substrate. SiIty clay Substrate. Silty sand Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 3, 6 Algae. Chlorophyta 12, 16, 18 Annelida. Polychaeta 1 144 HOPE BLACK

Mollusca. Opisthobranchia 4, Bivalvia E, 9 Algae. Phaetophyta 42, 5 1, Rhodophyta 135 Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1-2, 9 Coelenterata. Octocorallia 10 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 18. Annelida. Polychaeta l, 26, 35, 40 AREA12 (114) Crustacea. Brachyura 4, 7, 13 Depth. 10 Em Mollusca. Amphineura 2, Gasteropoda 15, 32, Substrate. Silty clay 34, 65, 80, 88-89, 92, 98, Opisthobranchia Annelida. Polychaeta 1 4, 9, Bivalvia 9-10, 11A, 13-15, 18, 21 Mollusca. Bivalvia 2, 9, 21. Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1-2, Echinoidea 4, Holothuroidea 1, 6. AREA12 (194) Depth. 11 fm AREA13 (93) Substrate. Silty clay Depth. 2 fm Crustacea. Brachyura 8, 13 Substrate. Sand Mollusca. Opisthobranchia 11- 12 Algae. Phaeophyta 46, Rhodophyta 101, 135, Bryozoa. 6, 48-49, 53-54 152 Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 5, Echinoidea 4, Coelenterata. Actinaria 6 Holothuroidea 8-9. Amelida. Polychaeta 44 Crustacea. Psopoda 12, 17 AREA12 (198) Mollusca. Amphineura 9, 12, 17, 20, Gastro- Depth. 9 fm poda 1, 15, 32, 38, 49, 80, 88-89, Bivalvia Substrate. Clayey silt 9, 11A, 13 Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 5 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, 14, Echinoidea 4. Ascidiacea. Enterogona 18, Pleurogona 19. AREA13 (94) REMARKS:This station is close to the dump- Depth. 2 fm ing buoy and the silty clay of that station has Substrate. Sand spread from it. Annelida. Polychaeta 44 AREA12 (211) Crustacea. Brachyura 4-5, 13, 22, 25 Depth. l1 fm Mollusca. Amphineura 9, 12, 17, 20, Gastro- Substrate. Silty clay poda 4, 35, 66, Bivalvia 9, 13, 19 Annelida. Polychaeta 2 1 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1. Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4, Holothuroidea 9. AREA13 (209) AREA13 (82) Depth. 6.6 fm Depth. 4 fm Substrate. Silty clay Substrate. Sand Annelida. Polychaeta 36 Coelenterata. Octocorallia 10 Crustacea. Brachyura 13. Crustacea. Isopoda 12, Brachyura 6, 13, 25-26 AREA13 (210) Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 13 Depth. 9 fm Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1. Substrate. Silty clay AREA13 (83) Annelida. Polychaeta 21, 36, 44, 53 Depth. 6.3 fm Mollusca. Bivalvia 1, 9, 13, 42 Substrate. Sand Bryozoa 6 Coelenterata. Octocorallia 10 Echinoderrnata. Ophiuroidea 7, Echinoidea 4, Crustacea. Brachyura 6-7, 13, 25 Holothuroidea 9. Mollusca. Gastropoda 32, 65, 68, Bivalvia AREA14 (4) 11A, 21, 26 Depth. 4 frn Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4. Substrate. Reef AREA13 (92) Algae. Pnaeophyta 51, Xhodophyta 102, 109, Depth. 4 fm 141, 157, 167 Substrate. Sand Coelenterata. Scleractinia 1 BENTHIC COMMUNITIES

Annelida. Echiuroidea 3 AREA14 (175) Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 22, 25 Depth. 2.5 fm Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 13 Substrate. Sand and reef Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. Annelida. Polychaeta 2, 20, 3 1, 42-43 Crustacea. Bracyhura 8 AREA 14 (5) Mollusca. Amphineura 19, Gastropoda 1, 15, Depth. 3.3 fm 34, 38, 80, Bivalvia 9, 9-llA, 13-14, 19, Substrate. Reef 21, 41 Algae. Chlorophyta 16, Rhodophyta 141 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 18. Coelenterata. Scleractinia 1 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 10. AREA16 (142) Depth. 2.5 fm AREA 14 (8) Subtrate. Silty sand Depth. 3.5 fm Phanerogams 1 Substrate. Sand with reef outcropping Algae. Chlorophyta 12, 14, Phaeophyta 57, Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 34, 44 Rhodophyta 101, 105, 154 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 13 Annelida. Polychaeta 44, 47 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. Crustacca. Isopoda 17, Brachyura 7, 22, 25 Mollusca. Gasteropoda 34, Bivalvia 9-10, l lA, AREA14 (95) 13 Depth. 1.6 fm Echinodermata. Asteroidea 14. Substrate. Sand Algae. Chlorophyta 2,22, Phaeophyta 64, Rho- AREA16 (143) dophyfa 167 Depth. 3.3 fm Annelida. 1, 7, 47, 68 Substrate. Silty sand and shell Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 16, 21, 23, 26 Phanerogams. 1 Mollusca. Arnphineura 9, 12, 17, 20, Gastro- Algae. Chlorophyta 22, Phaeophyta 57, Rho- poda 15, 22, Bivalvia 9 dophyta 101, 105, 154 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, 14, Echinoidea 2. Crustacea. lsopoda 17, Brachyura 13 MolIusca. Amphineura 17, Gastropoda 22, 32- AREA14 (116) 34, 56, Bivalvia 9-10, 13, 25 Depth. 3 frn Echinodermata. Echionidea 2. Substrate. Sand and reef Algae. Chlorophyta 8, 11. AREA16 (282) Depth. 5 fm AREA14 (117) Substrate. Silty clay Depth. 2fm Annelida. Polychaeta 44 Substrate. Sand and reef Crustacea. Brachyura 25 Algae. Chlorophyta 8, 14, Rhodophyta 105, Mollusca. Gastropoda 98, Bivalvia 10, 15, 19, 139 Bpisthobranchia 4 Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 2 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2, Holothuroidea 1 Mollusca. Gastropoda 32, 34, 66, Bivalvia 9, Ascdiacea. Pleurogona 15. 13, 41 Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 5 AREA16 (283) Ascidicacea. Pleurogona 15, 18. Depth. 2.25 frn Substrate. Clayey sand REMARKS:The reef had a large population of Annelida. Polychaeta 11, 37, 39 but it has not been possible to have Crustacea. Brachyura 4, 25 the collection worked in time for publi- Mollusca. Gastropoda 80, Bivalvia 9, 23, 25, 29 cation in this volume. Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2, Holothuroidea d. B40 J. HOPE BLACK

AREA17 (178) Echinodermata. Asteroidea l? Echinoidea 23, Depth. 5.5 fm Holothuroidea l? Substrate. Silty sand Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 20. Algae. Chlorophyta 12, 14, Rhodophyta 1 AREAl8 (41) 120, 132, 139, 142, 144, 148, 157 Depth. 3.5 fm Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 26, 27, 44, 47 Substrate. Fine to medium sand Crustacea. Brachyura 13, 25, 29 Algae. Rhodophyta 122, 151 Mollusca. Amphineura 12, 17, Gastropoda Coelenterata. Actinaria 6 Bivalvia 9-llA, 13 Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 16 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 11. Mollusca. Opisthobranchia 12, Bivalvia 9, 1 lA. AREA17 (171) 15, 35 Depth. 4 5 fm Ascidiacea. Enterogona 1, Pleurogona 3. Substrate. Sandy silt AREA18 (182) Algae. Chlorophyta 1, 12, 14, Rhodophyta 105, Depth, fm 120, 132, 139, 142, 144, 148, 157 Substrate. Sand and shell fragments. Amelida. Polychaeta 26, 47 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 11A AREAl8 (183) Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1. Depth. 3.3 fm Substrate. Sand with skeletal fragments AREA17 (172) Mollusca. Bivalvia 13. Depth. 3 fm Substrate. Sandy silt and reef AREA18 (186) Algae. Chlorophyta 1, 14, Rhodophyta 132 Depth. fm Annelida. Polychaeta 26 Substrate. Fine sand Crustacea. Brachyura 22 Phanerogams. 3 Mollusca. Gastropoda 1, Bivalvia 13 Porifera. Tethya corticalis? Bryozoa 26. Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4 REMARKS:This station is on the edge of the AREA17 (173) Caulerpa community as indicated by the Halo- Depth. 2 fm plzila ovalis and the specimens of silty sand Substrate. Sand fauna. Algae. Chlorophyta 1, 14, 16, Rhodophyta 132 Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 16 AREAl8 (187) Mollusca. Gastropda 15, 34, 96, Bivalvia 9, Depth. 6.3 fm 13. 23. Substrate. Sand Algae. Chlorophyta 12, 14? AREA18 (59) Mollusca. Bivalvia 10, 11A, 13 Depth. 6 fm Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1 Substrate. Fine sand Ascidiacea. 13? Algae. Chlorophyta 8, 14 Mollusca. Gastropods 15, 32, 34-35, Bivalvia REMARKS: The Caulerpa is scattered at this 10-11A, 13, 41 station which is on the transition from sand Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 5, Holothuroidea to silty sand- 1 AREA18 (188) Ascidiacea. Pleurogona- 9-10, 13. Depth. 6.6 fm AREA18 (60) ~ubstrate.Sand De~th.5 fm. Mollusca. Bivalvia 11A. ~ubstrate.Fine to medium sand AREA18 (189) Algae. Xhociophyra 122, 151 Depth. 6.75 fm Crustacea. Brachyura 16 Substrate. Fine sand Mollusca. Bivalvia 3, 10-llA, 41 Mollusca. Bivalvia 1 1A, 13. BENTHIC COMMUNITIES 144

REMARKS:This station falls within the Crustacea. Brachyura 25 Caulerpa community and the dominant species Mollusca. Gastropoda 80, 96, Bfvalvia llA, 19 were recorded though not collected. Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 5, Echinodermata, AREAl8 (307) Echinoidea 4. Depth. 6 fm REMARKS:This is on the transition from the Substrate. Silty sand with some pebbles inshore Caulerpa to the central silty clay. Phanerogams. 3 AREA19 (305) Algae. Chlorophyta 12, 14, Rhodophyta 122 Depth. 9 fm Annelida. Polychaeta 47, 52 Substrate. Silty sand Crustacea. Brachyura 14, 25 Algae. Chlorophyta 8 Mollusca. Bivalvia 11A, 13, 15, 21, Opistho- Crustacea. Brachyura 8, 13 branchia 4 Mollusca. Gastropoda 80, 96, Bivalvia 9-10, Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4. 11A, 19 AREA18 (308) Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 2 Depth. 6 fm Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17, Pleurogona 10. Substrate. Silty sand Algae. Rhodophyta 122 AREA19 (306) Annelida. Polychaeta 52 Depth. 8.3 fm Crustacea. Brachyura 4, 8, 13-14, 22 Substrate. Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 1IA, 13, Opisthobranchia Algae. Chlorophyta 8 4 Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 36, 39, 44, 47, 50 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2, Holothuroidea Mollusca. Gastropoda 80, 96, Bivalvia 9-10, 1, 8. llA, 13 AREA19 (179) Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2, Holothuroidea 1, Depth 3.3 fm 8 Substrate. Coarse shelly sand and small pebbles Ascidiacea. Enterogona 8. Crustacea. Brachyura 4, 7 AREA20 (124) Mollusca. Bivalvia 9-10, 23, Opisthobranchia 4 Depth. 12 fm Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 13, 15. Substrate. Silty clay REMARKS: The specimens collected are very Annelida. Polychaeta 50 similar to Area 9 (178) and both of them are Crustacea. Brachyura 8 probably influenced by the Werribee River. Mollusca. Bivalvia 9-10, 1 1A, 15, 19, 33 AREA19 (181) Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, Echinoidea 4. Depth. 3.5 fm Substrate. Coarse shelly sand AREA20 (309) Algae. Chlorophyta 12, 14 Depth. 1 1 fm Crustacea. Brachyura 4, 7 Substrate. Silty clay Mollusca. Gastropoda 32, 34, 56, 79, 96, Annelida. Polychaeta 36 Bivalvia 9-10, 25, Opisthobranchia 4 Crustacea. Brachyura 14 Ascidiacea. Pleui-ogona 13, 17. Mollusca. Bivalvia 21 REMARKS:This station is also in the Caulerpa Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 7, Echinoidea 4, community and is a continuation of the line Holothuroidea 8 from the Werribee River. Ascidiacea. Enterogona 8. AREA19 (304) AREA21 (115) Depth. 7 fm Depth. 11 fm Substrate. Silty sand Substrate. Silty clay Algae. Chlorophyta 14, 16 Coelcnterata. Hydrozoa 6 Coelenterata. Corallimorpharia 1 Crustacea. Bracyura 13 148 J. HOPE BLACK

Mollusca. Gastropods 94, Bivalvia 9, 13, 21 Algae. Phaeophyta 5 1 Bryozoa. 54 Annelida. Pslychaeta 4, Echiuroidea 3 Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 7,Echinoidea 4, Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 13, B5 Holothuroidea 8-9 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 16 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17. Ascidacea. Enterogona 8, 17. AREA21 (176) AREA23 (9) Depth. 12 fm Depth. 5.25 fm Substrate. Silty clay Substrate. Sand Algae. Rhodophyta 132 Algae. Rhodophyta 89, 102, 109, 157, B67 Annelida. Polychaeta 36 m moll us ca. Bivalvia 9, 13. Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 11A, 13, 21 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2, Echinoidea 4 AREA23 (68) Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17, Pleurogona 15 on Depth. 8.5 fm Pecten alba. Substrate. Clayey sand Crustacea. Brachyura 13 AREA22 (119) Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 11A Depth. 11.5 fm Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 4, 7, Holothuroid- Substrate. Silty sand dea 2 Annelida. Polychaeta 36 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 11, Pleurogona 12. Crustacea. Brachyura 4, 7, 23, 25 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9-10, 11A, 40 AREA23 (69) Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2, Echinoidea 4, Depth. 8 fm Holothuroidea 2, 8 Substrate. Silty clay Ascidiacea. Enterogona 10, 17- 18, Pleurogona Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 11A 12. Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17, Pleurogona 12. AREA23 (1) AREA23 (70.) Depth. 4.75 fm Depth. 9 fm Substrate. Sand Substrate. Silty clay Mollusca. Cephalopoda 7 Crustacea. Brachyura 13 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 11A Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17-18, Pleurogona 12, AREA23 (2) 17-18. Depth. 4.75 fm Substrate. Silty sand AREA23 (71) Algae. Phaeophyta 47, 57 Depth. 11 fm Crustacea. Brachyura 13 Substrate. Silty clay Mollusca. Opisthobranchia 4, Bivalvia 15 Crustacea. Brachyura 13 Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4. Mollusca. Bivalvia 1 Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 5 AREA23 (3) Ascidiacea. Enterogona 18. Depth. 4.25 fm Substrate. Sand AREA24 ( 122) Algae. Chlorophyta 8, Phacophyta 51, Rhodo- Depth. phyta 88, 102, 109, 141, 157, 167 Substrate. Sand Coelenterata. Actinaria 6 Coelenerata. Actinaria 3 Mollusca. Bivalvia 3. Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 24, 37, 47, 53, Echiu- roidea 3 AREA23 (7) Moiiusca. Gatsropoda 35, 80, Bivaivia 9, i 3, i9 Depth. 4.75 fm Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1 Substrate. Sand Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15, 18. BENTWIC COMMUNITIES

AREA25 (128) Phanerogams 1, 3 Depth. 5 fm Algae. Phaeophyta 41 Substrate, Silty clay Annelida. Polychaeta 2 I, 58 Amelida. Polychaeta 34, 37, 39, 41, 44 Crustacea. Brachyura 11, 25 Mollusca. Opisthobranchia 4, Bivalvia 9-10, Mollusca. Bivalvia 10 on Halophila 13, llA, 15 Cephalopoda 11 Echinodennata. Asteroidea 15, Holothuroidea 1 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 10, Holothuroidea Ascidiacea. Enterogonia- 17, Pleurogona 15. I, 5-6. AREA25 (129) AREA26 (301) Depth. 1.5 fm Depth. 2-5fm Substrate. Clayey sand Substrate. Clayey sand Coelenterata. Actinaria 12 Algae. Chlorophyta 12, Phacophyta 41, 45, Annelida. Polychaeta 11, 35 Rhodophyta 151 Crustacea. Brachyura 25, 30 Cmstacea. Brachyura 1, 13, 21-22, 25 Mollusca. Bivalvia 11A, 39 Mollusca. Bivalvia 10, 13, 24 Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 14, Echinoidea Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 9. 2, Holothuroidea 5-6. REMARKS:Pholas austvalasiae is known to AREA27 (41) occur in the off-shore platforms along the W. Depth. 1.5 fm side of the bay, but it was only at this site that Substrate. Silty sand with reef outcropping it was collected in quantity on the survey. Algae. Chlorophyta 12, 16, 22, Phaeophyta 57A, Rhodophyta 102, 110, 122, 133, 167 AREA25 (299) Porifera. Several species of sponges Depth. 5 fm Coelenterata. Actinaria 6 Substrate. Clay Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 13, 16, 19, 21, 25 Algae. 12 Mollusca, Amphineura 17, Gastropoda 1, 22, Crustacea. Brachyura 23, 25 26-27, 32, 34, 38, 52-53, 56, 88-89, 90, Mollusca. Bivalvia 10, 15 Bivalvia 2, 9-10, 13, 23, 25-26, 34 Bryozoa. 6 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, 7, 9-10, 14-15, Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 8 Ophiuroidea 1, Echinoidea 2-3, Hoiothu- Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17. roidea 1-2, 5-6 AREA26 (126) Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17, Pleurogona 11. Depth. 3.5 fm AREA27 (47) Substrate. Silty clay Depth. 3 fm Phanerogams 1 Substrate. Silty clay Algae. Chlorophyta 12, Phaeophyta 45 Algae. Chlorophyta 6A, 12 Annelida. Polychaeta 39, 44, 47 Porifera. Two species of sponges Crustacea. Brachyura 25 Annelida. Polychaeta 1 Mollusca. Gastropoda 56, Bivalvia 2, 10, 33 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 118, 13 Echinodennata. Asteroidea 9-10, 14, Ophiu- Echinodermata. Asteroidea 10, f 4. roidea 8-9, Holothuroidea 1, 8 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 8, 17, Pleurogona 9, AREA27 (48) 15. Depth. 3 fm Substrate. Silty clay REMARKS:This area is comparatively barren Porifera. Two species of sponges with Stichopus mollis and Ascidia gemmata the Annelida. Polychaeta 4 1 dominant species. Mollussca. Opisthobranchia 4, 11, Bivalvia 9, AREA 26 (300) i iA Depth. 3 fm Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 9 Substrate. Clayey sand Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 10. B 50 Y. HOPE BLACK

Depth. 6 fm AREA27 (49) AREA27 (302) Substrate. Silty clay Depth. 4 fm Ponfera. One cream sponge Substrate. Silty clay Crustacea. Cirripedia 1, Brachyura 14 Annelida. Polychaeta 41 Mollusca. Gastropoda 96, Bivalvia 9, 13, 15 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 23 Echinodermata. I-Iolothuroidea 1. Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 8, Holothuroidea 5, 8 AREA27 (50) Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 9. Depth. 5 fm Substrate. Silty clay AREA28 (140) Porifera. Yellow and blue sponge Depth. 3 fm Crustacca. Cirripedia 1, Brachyura 14 Substrate. Silty sand Mollusca. Gastropoda 96, Bivalvia 9, 15 Phanerogams. 1 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 10. Algae 57A, Rhodophyta 102, 105, 154, 158 AREA27 (138) Porifera, Several species of sponges Depth. 2 5 fm Annelida. Polychaeta 44 Substrate. Silty sand Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 25 Algae. Chlorophyta 12, 14, 22, Phacophyta Mollusca. Gastropoda 79, 98, Bivalvia 9- 10, 13 57A, Rhodophyta 102, 105, 154 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1 Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 34, 44 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 9, 11, 15. Crustacea. Isopoda 17, Brachyura 7, 19 AREA28 (141) Mollusca. Gastropoda 7 1, Opisthobranchia 10, Depth. 3.5 fm Bivalvia 9, 13. Substrate. Silty sand REMARKS:The dominant animal was Mytilus Phanerogams. 3 planulatus. Algae. Phaeophyta 57A, Rhodophyta 102, 105, AREA27 (139) 154 Depth. 1 5 fm Crustacea. Brachyura 13, 21, 26 in Mytilus Substrate. Silty sand with reef outcropping 2 ft. Mollusca. Gastropoda 34, Bivalvia 9, 13, 41 above the sand Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 1, Echinoidea 2, Phanerogams 1, 3 Holothuroidea 1 Algae. Chlorophyta 12, Phacophyta 57A, Ascdiacea. Pleurogona 17. Rhodophyta 102, 105, 154 Porifera. Abundant on reef AREA28 (285) Annelida. Polychaeta 37, 47 Depth. 3 fm Crustacea. Psopoda 17, Brachyura 7 Substrate. Silty sand. Mollusca. Gastropoda 71, Bivalvia 9, 13, 19 Algae. Chlorophyta 17 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 16, Echinoidea 2, Annelida. Polychaeta 4 Holothuroidea 1. Crustacea. Cirripedia 1, Isopoda 11, Brachyura 0 c LJ Area 27 (284) Mollusca. Amphineura 9, 17, Gastropoda 15, Depth. 1 25 fm 32, 34, 79, Bivalvia 2, 10, 13, 25 Substrate. Silty sand with basalt pebbles Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1, 6, 8 Algae. Chlorophyta 14, 16, Rhodophyta 120, Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17, Pleurogona 13, 18. 159 Annelida. Polychaeta 44, 59 AREA28 (286) Crustacea. Brachyura 4, 7 Depth. 5 fm Mollusca. Gastropoda 15, 22, 32, 34, 52, 65, Substrate. Silty clay Bivalvia 9, 23 A~melida.Polychaeta 1, 11, 21, 3 1, 37, 39, 41, -bchinodermata. Asteroidea 10, i5, Zlphiuroidea 44,49 2 Crustacea. Brachyura 22 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 20. Mollusca. Bivalvia 15. AREA28 (316) Algae. Chlorophyta 9 Depth. 6 fm Ar-nnelida. Polychaeta 21 Substrate. Silty sand Mollusca. Gastropoda 98, Bivalvia 9-18, P lA Annelida. Polychaeta 14 Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1. Mollusca. Gastropoda 38, 80. AREA30 (130) AREA28 (315) Depth. 6 fm Depth. 5 fm Substrate. Sand-clay-silt Substrate. Silty sand Algae. Phaeophyta 5 1 Phanerogams. 3 Porifera. Two species Algae. Chlorophyta 12 Coelentarata. Hydrozoa 6-7, 27, Bctocorallia 3 Crustacea. Brachyura 25 Annelida. Polychaeta 26, 82, Echiuroidea 3 Mollusca. Bivalvia 1 1A, 13 Crustacea. Isopoda 17, 26 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2, Holothuroidca 1 Mollusca. Gastropoda 11, 15, 22, 32, 34, 38, Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17. 49, 79, 98, Bivalvia 9, 118, 13, 15, 26, 38, 41 AREA29 ( 107) Bryozoa 26, 82, 91 Depth. 2.5 fm Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, 10A, 14, Echi- Substrate. Sand Algae. Chlorophyta 12, Rhodophyta 151, 152 noidea 2 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 18. Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 18, Actinaria 12 Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 14, 44 AREA30 (135) Crustacea. Brachyura 13 Depth. 2 fm Mollusca. Gasteropoda 97, Bivalvia 9, 13 Substrate. Sand with outcropping reef Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1 Algae. Chlorophyta 1, Phacophyta 46? 57A? Ascidiacea. Pleurogona. Porifera. Abundant sponges on reef REMARKS:This station is on and around Mollusca. Gastropoda 1, 3, 34, 38, 49, 79, Portarlington Pier. Cephalopoda 11, Bivalvia 9, 15 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, Echinoidea 2, AREA29 (174) Holothuroidea 1 Depth. 6.25 fm Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 18. Substratc. Sandy silt Algae. Rhodophyta 133 AREA30 (278) Depth. 8 fm Mollusca. Gastropoda 98, Bivalvia 9, 11A, 21 Substrate. Silty sand Bryozoa. 26, 92 Porifera. Red finger sponge Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1 Crustacea. Isopoda 23, 24, Brachyura 7, 13, Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17, Pleurogona 13, 15. 21, 25 REMARKS:The fauna was very sparse, and Mollusca. Gastropoda 91, Bivalvia 1, 10, 1 lA, the only algae Ceramium sp. was attached to 13 Pecten alba. Echinodermata. Astcroidea 2, Holothuroidea 1 AREA29 (287) Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17? Pleourogona 13: Depth. 5 5 fm 15. Substrate. Sand-silt-clay AREA30 (279) Algae. Chlorophyta 17 Depth. '7 fm Crustacea. Brachyura 13 Substrate. Sand-clay-silt Mollusca. Bivalvia 10, 11A, 15 Porifera. Wed finger sponge Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4, Holothuroidea 1 Crustacea. Brachyura 21 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15, 18. Mollusca. Gastropoda 92, Bivalvia 1, 10, 1 lA, AK~A29 (3i7) Il? J Depth. 4 50 fm Echinodermata. Astroidea 2, Holothuroidea 1 Substrate. Silty sand Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17? Pleurogona 13, 15. 152 MOPE BLACK

AREA30 (280) AREA31 (133) Depth 8 fm Depth. 8.5 fm Substrate. Sandy gravel Sabstrate. Silty clay Algae. Phacophyta 46, Rhodophyta 103, 124, hnelida. Polychaeta 34? 34?, 39' 135, 156, 158, 159 Crustacea. Brachyura 21 Porifera. Large number including Tethya sp. Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 15 Coelenterata. Actinaria 7 Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1, 5? Crustacea. Pspoda 17 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 11. Mollusca. Amphineura 9, 12, Gastropoda 22, AREA31 (134) 25, 38, 52-53, 64, 88, 90, Bivalvia 13 Depth. 9.5 fm Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1-2, Echinoidea 2, Substrate. Silty clay Holothuroidea 1. Crustacea. Brachyura 21 AREA3 1 (10) Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 15 Depth. 5.25 fm Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2? Holothuroidea Substrate. Silty sand with broken rock 1, 5 Algae. Phacophyta 68 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 11. Porifera. Very common Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 6, 27, Actinaria 7, AREA31 (273) Octocorallia 2 Depth. 8 fm Annelida. Polychaeta 1-2, 20, 26, 41, 43-44, Substrate. Silty clay 50, 54 Porifera. Red branching sponge Crustacea. Brachyura 3, 4, 7 Mollusca. Opisthobranchia 4, 9, Bivalvia 1, Mollusca. Amphineura 20, Gastropoda 1, 3, 10, 1 lA, 13, Cephalopoda 9 11, 15, 32, 34, 49, Bivalvia 9-10, 11A, 13, Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2, Holothuroidea 1 41, Cephalopoda 9 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 13, 15. Echinodermata. Crinoidea 6, Asteroidea 1, 10, AREA3 1 (275) 14, 15, Ophiuroidea 5, Echinoidea 2-3, Holo- Depth. 3 fm thuroidea 1 Substrate. Sand with broken shell and pebbles Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 11, 15-16, 19. Annelida. Polychaeta 3 6? REMARKS:This station is sitaated at the Crustacea. Brachynra 7 Prince George Light. The specimen was col- Mollusca. Bivalvia 10, 21 lected from the rocks at the base and the sur- Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. rounding silty sand. The piles of the light were completely encrusted with Mytilus planulatus, AREA31 (276) while the sea-floor under the piles was carpeted Depth. 8 fm witih smaller specimens. Substrate. Silt-sand-clay Annelida. Polychaeta 34, 36, 39 AREA31 (131) Mollusca. Gastropoda 65, Bivalvia 9-10, 1 1A, Depth. 8 fm 13 Substrate. Sand-clay-silt Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2. Annelida. Polychaeta 47, 53, 56 Crustacea. Brachyura 21 AREA31 (310) Mollusca. Gastropoda 22, Bivalvia 8, 19. Depth. 3.5-5.5 fm AREA32 (132) Substrate. Sand and reef Depth. 8.5 fm Algae. Chlorophyta 16? Phaeophyta 68 Substrate. Silty clay Coelenterata. Octocorallia 10 Crustacea. lsopoda 17, 26, Brachyura 21 Annelida. Polychaeta 1 XKIYI~IIUPCILL. II..=-- P-~~&~+-~A~UUoLLVyVUU Il, Pv~lctn~o~ar~,-h-7.-~- 98,017;~thab:~nc~~4, -I uuLuVuu. u~aC~~juiu 13 Bivalvia 9-10, 2 1A Mollusca. Bivalvia 10, 13 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 11, 18. Ascidiacea. Enterogona 18? BENTHHC CO

AREA32 (277) AREA35 (739 Depth. 13 fm Depth. 9 fm Substrate. Junction of silty clay and clay Substrate. Clayey sand Annelida. Polychaeta 34, 36, 38 Crustacea. Brachyura 25-26 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 13, 21 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9 Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 4, 7, Echinoidea Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1 4, Holothuroidea 8, 9 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 8, Pleurogona 16. Ascidiacea. Enterogona 18, Pleurogona 10. AREA35 (121) REMARKS:This station has a typical central Depth. 11 fm mud basin fauna. Subsirate. Silty clay Annelida. Echiuroidea 3 AREA33 (177) Crustacea. Brachyura 13, 22 Depth. 12 fm Mollusca. Bivalvia 13 Substrate. Silty clay Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2 Coelcnterata. Actinaria 1 1 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 18, Pleurogona 17-18. Anneldia. Polychaeta 34, 44, 56? Crustacea. Brachyura 7-8 AREA36 (74) Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 11A, 13 Depth. 8 fm Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 7, Echinoidea 4, Substrate. Silty sand Holothuroidea 9 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 11A Ascidiacea. Entcrogona 8, 17- 18, Pleurogona Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. 18. REMARKS:This was a very barren station AREA34 (120) with scattered clumps of Mytilus planulatus Dcpth. 11 fm approximately 50 cm apart. Substrate. Silty clay AREA36 (75) Porifera. Large yellow sponge Depth. 8 fm Mollusca. Gastropoda 34, Bivalvia 9-10, 1 lA, Substrate. Sand 13 Porifcra. Some sponges Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2, Echinoidea 4, Annelida. Polychaeta 40, 44 Holothuroidea 2 Crustacea. Brachyura 7-8 Ascidiacca. Enterogonia 17, Pleurogona 15, 17. Mollusca. Bivalvia 9 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, Holothuroidea 2, AREA35 (71) 6 Depth. 11 fm Ascidiacea. Enterogona 8, Pleurogona 13?, 15? Substrate. Silty clay Annelida. Polychaeta 1 AREA36 (76) Crustacea. Brachyura 7-8 Depth. 5 fm Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 11A Substrate. Sand Bryozoa. 53-54, 69, 96 Porifera. Some sponges Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4 Annelida. Polychaeta 40, Echiuroidea 3 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17? Crustacea. Cirripedia 3, Brachyura 8 Mollusca. Amphineura 16A, Gastropoda 96, AREA35 (72) Bivalvia 9, 13, 16, 19 Depth. 9 fm Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. Substrate. Silty clay Annelida. Polychaeta l?, 44 AREA36 (77) Crustacea. Brachyura 7-8 Depth. 4 fm 18-ll....-a c,ot~n-nA~ Q&, Ei~~->l,ri?Q I 1 h 11 Sijh~t_rateSand ~vlullua~a.uuenvyvuu /v .-LT-- z, A AL A, Echinodennata. Ophiuroidea 7 Porifera. A few sponges Ascidiacea. Enterogona 18. Annclida. Polychaeta 40, 44 154 J. HOPE

Crustacea. Cirrigedia 3, Brachyura 8, 13, 22 Mollusca. Opisthobrancl-~ia1, 6, 15, Bivalvia Mollusca. Amphineura 9, Gastropoda 15, 32, 10, 15, 35, Cephalopoda 2 35, Bivalvia 9, 13, 15, 19 Bryozoa. 6 Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 2, 6. Echinodermata. Asteroidea 10, Holothuroidea 1 AREA34 (78) Ascidiacea. Enterogona 18. Depth. 4 fm AREA37 (298) Substrate. Sand Depth. 4.5 fm Mollusca. Bivalvia 9 Substrate. Clay Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 8 (single speci- Mollusca. Bivalvia 13, Cephalopoda 2 men) Bryozoa 6. Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. AREA38 (127) REMARKS:The single specimen of Lepto- Depth. 5 fm synapta dolabrifera was out of its usual Substrate. Silty clay environment and had probably arrived by Algae. Chlorophyta l? mischance. Annelida. Polychaeta 44 AREA 37 (4) Mollusca. Opisthobranchia 4, Bivalvia 9-10, Depth. 2 fm 11A, 33 Substrate. Silty clay and some reef Echinodermata. Asteroidea 9, 14, Holothuroi- Algae. Chlorophyta 12, Phaeophyta 57A, Rho- dea 1 dophyta 141, 154 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 13, Pleurogona 9, 15. Porifera. Several species of sponges Annelida. Polychaeta 11, 35, 39 AREA38 (311) Crustacea. Isopoda 17, Brachyura 13, 21, 25, Depth. 4 fm 30 Substrate. Clay Mollusca. Amphineura 15, Gastropoda 15, 32, Algae. Chlorophyta 12 34, 97-98, Opisthobranchia 1, Bivalvia 2, Annelida. Polychaeta 35, 41 9-10, 15, 23, 26, 35, Cephalopoda 10 Mollusca. Bivalvia 10 in Caulerpa Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, 7, 9, 10A, Echi- Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 9 noidea 2 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 8. Ascidiacea. Enterogona 23, 18, Pleurogona 11, AREA39 (42) 20. Depth. 1.25 fm REMARKS:This station on Thompson's Reef, Substrate. Sand Stingarce Bay, Geelong, has the typical shel- Phanerogams. 1 tered reef and silty clay fauna. Algae. Phacophyta 57A AREA37 (296) Mollusca. Gastropoda 22, 38, 52, 56, 80, 101, Depth. 2 fm Bivalvia 2, 8, 10, 33 Substrate. Clay Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, Echinoidea 3, Algae. Chlorophyta 12 Molothuroidea 1 Annelida. Polychaeta 35 Ascidiacca. Pleurogona 9. Crustacea. Brachyura 25 AREA39 (43) Mollusca. Castropoda 97, Opisthobranchia 1, Depth. 2 50 fm 4, 6, 15, Bivalvia 35, Cephalopoda 2 Substrate. Silty sand Ascidiacea. Enterogona 1X. Phanerogams. 1 AREA37 (297) Algae. Phaeophyta 57.4 Depth. 1 fm Annelida. Polychaeta 15 Substrate. Clay Crustacea. Brachyura 7-8, 21, 22, 25 Ph2nrmg~ms 1, 3 Moll~!sca. Gasteropndz 22, Biva!via 10 Algac. Chlorophyta 12 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 10 Annelida. Polychaeta 35 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 1 1, 15. BENTHPC COMMUNITIES

AREA39 (4-4) AREA39 (314) Depth. 3.50 Em Depth. 4.50 Em Substrate. Silty sand Substrate. Silty clay Phanerogams. 1 Algae. Chlorophyta 12? Algae. Chlorophyta 12, Phacophyta 578 Annelida. Polychaeta 10, 39 Mollusca. Gastropda 56, 102, Bivalvia 10. Crustacea. Isopoda 7, 17, Brachyura 25 Mollusca. Opisthobranchia 4, Bivalvia 1lA, 15 AREA39 (45) Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4, Holothuroidea 1 Depth. 3.50 fm Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17, Pleurogona 15. Substrate. Silty sand AREA40 (101) Phanerogams. 1, 3 Depth. 1 fm Algae. Phacophyta, 57A Substrate. Sand Porifera. Some yellow sponges Phanerogams. 1 Crustacea. Brachyura 16, 25 Algae. Chlorophyta 1, 16, Phaeophyta 57A Mollusca. Gastropoda 80, Bivalvia 9-10, 11A, Porifera. A wide variety 13 Annelida. Polychaeta 20 Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 9. Crustacea. Brachyura 11, 16, 22, 25, 29 AREA39 (46) Mollusca. Gastropoda 22, 32, 34, 38, 51-52, Depth. 3 fm 53, 56, 88, 97-98, Opisthobranchia 10, 15, Substrate. Silty clay 33 Phanerogams. 1, 3 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, 10, 14- 15, Ophiu- Algae. Phaeophyta 578 roidea 5, Echinoidea 4, Holothuroidea 1 Porifera. Four species of sponges Ascideacea. Pleurogona 15, 18. Crustacea. Cirripeda 1, Isopoda 17, 23, Brach- AREA40 (102) yura 25 Depth. 5 fm Moilusca. Bivalvia 9-10, 1 1A, 13 Substratc. Silty sand Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4, Holothuroidea 1 Crustacea. Brachyura 16 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 18? Mollusca. Bivalvia 15 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 10, Holothuroidea 1 AAl?~~39 (3 12) Ascidiacea. Enterogona 8, PIcurogona 18. Depth. 4 fm REMARKS:Station 101 was situated in and Substrate. Silty clay-clay around the Clifton Springs jetty where the Annelida. Polychaeta 41 Zostera was dense. A dredge run was made Crustacea. Isopoda 7, 17 for this station on a course due N. on a con- Mollusca. Bivalvia 10 tiuous bed of Zostera until a depth of 3.5 fm Echinodermata. Asteroidea 14, Ophiuroidea was reached. After this depth the Zostera oc- 8-9, Holothuroidea 8-9 curred in broken patches with sand between the Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. clumps. These clumps continued to 4.75 fm AREA39 (313) where Naloyhilus ovulis replaced the Zostera. Depth. 1 5 fm Station 102 is at the end of the dredge run. Substrate. Sand passing into silty sand as dredge AREA42 (38) moved N. of shore Depth. Intertidal and sub-littoral to 1 fm Phanerogams. 1 Substrate. Sand Algae. Chlorophyta 12, Phaeophyta 45, 57A, Algae. Phacophyta 66, Rhodophyta 91, 102 Rhodophyta 154 Coelenterata. Actinaria 3, 6, 9 Crustacea. Isopoda 7, 17 Annelida. Polychaeta 18, 20, 43 Moiiusca. Casrropoda 22, 34, 38, 52-53, 86, Crustacea. lsopocia 16, Brachyura 4, 15, 24 97, 99, Bivalvia 2 Mollusca. Amphineura. 5, 14- 15, 17, Gastro- Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. poda 3, 5, 8, 12, 30-31, 39, 67, 76, 80, 95, 256 J. HOPE BLACK

98, 108, 1110, Opisthobranchia 4, 10, 14 Algae. Phaeophyta 55, 57A, 73, Rhodophyta Bryozoa. 72 102-103, 124, 159, 144 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, 10, 15-16, Echi- Annelida. Polychaeta 3 1, 4.4 noidea 2, Holothuroidea 1, 6 Mollusca. Bivalvia 13, 23 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 14, 18. Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15, 18. REMARKS:This station was worked from the AREA42 (281) shore by intertidal collecting and by divers Depth. 2 fm working from the shore to 1 fm. The area Substrate. Sand and reef traversed was from Indented Head southward Phanerogams. 1 for two miles. Algae. Phaeophyta 57A, 64, Rhodophyta 9 1, AREA42 (108) 102, 107, 154 Depth. 2 fm Porifera. Some sponges Substrate. Sand Coelenterata. Scleractinia l? Algae. Phaeophyta 69-70, Rhodophyta 136, Polychaeta 449 53 150, 155-156, 158 Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 21 23 Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 8 Mollusca. Amphineura 17, 20, Gastropoda 3, Annelida. Polychaeta 21 22, 25, 38, Bivalvia 10 Crustacea. Brachyura 11, 13-14, 16, 25-26 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2, 10A, 16, &hi- Mollusca. Gastropoda 5, 17, 32, 34, 49, 56, noidea 75-76, 80, 88, 37, Bivalvia 9-10, 13, 23 P1eurOgOna 19. Echinodermata. Asteoridea 14-15, Ophiuroidea AREA42 (288) 5 Depth. 2 fm Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 14-15, 18. Substrate. Sand and rock pebbles REMARKS:This station is at St Leonards Phanerogams. 1 Pier. Crustacea. Brachyura 4, 25 Mollusca. Gastropoda 92, Bivalvia 13, 23 AREA42 (109) Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. Depth. 2.5 fm AREA42 (289) Substrate. Sand and broken shell Depth 2 fa Algae. Rhodophyta 125, 150, 152, 156, 158- Sand 159, 164 Annelida. Polychaeta 21, 29, 34 Annelida. Polychaeta 22, 25, 35, 39 Crustacea. Brachyura 4 Crustacea. Brachyura 7-8, 13-14, 16, 25 Mollusca. Opisthobranchia 4, Gastropoda 70, Mollusca. Gastropoda 78, Bivalvia 9-10, 13 Bivalvia 23 Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1. Echinodermata. Ophiuroidca 9. AREA42 (264) AREA43 (25 1) Depth. 4 fm Depth. 10.5 fm Substrate. Sand Substrate. Sand-clay-silt Phanerogams. 1 Annelida. Polychaeta 53? Algae. Chlorophyta. Crustacea. Brachyura 6 REMARKS:This dredge haul was almost bar- Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 7, 15, Echinoidea ren in contrast to the next station (265) which 4 had a varied flora. These two stations are in Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17. Coles Channel. AREA43 (263) AREA42 (265) Depth. 9 fm Depth. 3.5 fm Substrate. Silty clay Substrate. Sand Phanerogams. 1, 4 Phanerogams. 1, 3 Annelida. Polychaeta 36 BENTHPC COMMUNITIES

Crustacea. Brachyura 8 AREA47 (28) Mollusca. Bivalvia 1, 118, 42-43 Depth. 8.25 fm Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 7, Echinoidea 4. Substrate. Silty sand AREA43 (274) Mollusca. Bivalvia 11A Depth. 6 fm Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4 Substrate. Silty sand Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. Porifera. Orange branching sponge Annelida. Polychaeta 4 1, 53 AREA47 (29) Mollusca. Bivalvia 1lA, 13, 15, 43 Depth. 5 fm Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4, Holothuroidea 1 Substrate. Coarse sand Ascidiacea. Enterogona 8? 17, Pleurogona 19? Algae. Chlorophyta 4, Rhodophyta 139 REMARKS:This station situated at the meet- Coelenterata. Actinaria 7 ing point of several communities contains ele- Crustacea. Cirripedia 1, Brachyura 22 ments of fauna derived from the surrounding Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 1lA, 13, Cephalopoda 10 communities and does not belong to any one Ascidiacea. Enterogona 8, Pleurogona 15, 18. type. AREA43 (303) AREA47 (30) Depth. 3.5 Em Depth. 3 fm Substrate. Sand with shell and pebbles Substrate. Sand Phanerogams. 1 Algae. Chlorophyta 4, 16, Phacophyta 68, Algae. Phaeophyta 32, 169 Rhodophyta 135, 167 Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 6, 24, 28, Actinaria 12 Porifera. Yellow sponge Crustacea. Brachyura 4, 14 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 13, 26 Mollusca. Gastropods 82, 88, 96, Bivalvia Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 5 9-10, 11A Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 13. Bryozoa. 91 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 14 AREA47 (31) Ascidiacea. Enterogona 8. Depth. 3 fm AREA44 (262) Substrate. Sand Depth. 13 fm Algae. Chlorophyta 4, 16 Substrate. Clay Mollusca. Bivalvia 11A. Annelida. Polychaeta 53 Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 7, Echinoidea 4, AREA47 (258) Holothuroidea 8-9. Depth. 8.5 fm AREA45 (261) Substrate. Clay Depth. 13 fm Annelida. Polychaeta 53 Substrate. Clay Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 7, Echinoidea 4, Annelida. Polychaeta 53 Holothuroidea 8-9. Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 7, Echinoidea 4, Holothuroidea 8-9. AREA47 (259) AREA46 (260) Depth. 10.5 fm Depth. 11 fm Substrate. Clay Substrate. Clay Annelida. Polychaeta 36 Annelida. Polychaeta 53 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 11A, 15 Echinoderrnata. Ophiuroidea 7, Echinoidea 4, Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 7, Echinoidea 4, Holothuroidea 8-9. Holothuroidea 8-5. REMARKS:Stations 260-2 are typical oi the REMARKS:This station is on the juriciion ol sparse annelid echinoderm fauna of the clay several fauna1 communities and contains rep- basin. rescntatives of each of them. 158 J. HOPE BLACK

AREA48 (32) Mollusca. Gashopoda 32, 34, 96, Bivalvia 15, Depth. 2.5 fm 2 3 Substrate. Sand Echinodermata. Asteroidea P? Algae. Chlorophyta 1, 28A Ascidiacea. PIeurogona 15, 18. Mollusca. Amphineura 7, Gastropoda 53, 93, Bivalvia 13, 22, 27. AREA50 (229) AREA48 (33) Depth. 2.5 fm Depth. 2 fm Substrate. Sand Substrate. Sand Phanerogams. 1, 3-4 Mollusca. Bivalvia 27. Algae. Phaeophyta 41, Rhodophyta 74, 80, 97 Mollusca. Bivalvia 10 REMARKS:A very barren area between two Bryozoa. 34 similar faunas 32 and 34. Echinodennata. Asteroidea 10. AREA48 (34) Depth. 1.5 fm AREA50 (230) Substrate. Sand Depth. 3 fm Algae. Chlorophyta 1 Substrate. Sand Porifera. Some sponges Phanerogam. 1 Mollusca. Amphineura 6, Gastropoda 12, 23, Algae. Chlorophyta 8-9, 16, Phacophyta 42, Bivalvia 9 574 65, 67, Rhodophyta 143 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 9, 14, Echinoida 4. Mollusca. Amphineura 13, Bpisthobranchia 7, Gastropoda 25, 28, 32, 34, 39, 58, 65, 88, AREA48 (257) 96, Bivalvia 4, 9-10, 23 Depth. 4 fm Echinodermata. Asteroidea 10A. Substrate. Coarse sand Algae. Chlorophyta 8 AREA50 (23 1) Annelida. Echiuroidea 3? Depth. 2 fm Mollusca. Bivalvia 10 Substrate. Sand and pebbles Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. Algae. Chlorophyta 8-9, Phaeophyta 42, 57A, REMARKS:This station is off Frankston Pier. 65, 67, Rhodophyta 143 AREA49 (236) Mollusca. Gastropoda 28, 34, 39, 58, 65, 88, Depth. 0 5 fm Bivalvia 9-10. Substrate. Clayey sand AREA50 (232) Phanerogam. 1 Annelida. Polychaeta 35, 38, 44, 47 Depth. 2 fm Crustacea. Isopoda 2, Brachyura 5 Substrate. Sand. Mollusca. Gastropoda 30, 47-48, 51-52, 55,65. REMARKS:This station on the edge of the William Sand was barren. AREA49 (237) Depth. 0 5 fm AREA50 (233) Substrate. Clayey sand Depth. 2 fm Phanerogam. 1 Substrate. Sand Annclida. Polychaeta 1, 35-36, 44 Phanerogams. 1 Crustacea. Brachyura 25. Porifera. On oysters AREA50 (228) Annelida. Polychacta 44? Depth. 3 5 fm Crustacea. Isopoda 11, 14, 23, Brachyura 7, Substrate. Sand 11, 13 Aigac. Ci~ivrvpliyia2, g?, i G, Pi~acupi~yia56, Molius~a.Bivalvia 9, 13 Rhodophyta 153, 158 Echinodermata. Crinoidea 3, Ophiuroidca 2, 10 Crustacca. Brachyura 7, 14, 16, 25 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15, 18. BENTHlC COMMUNITIES 159

AREA50 (238) Crustacea. Brachyura '7, 84, 16 Depth. 1 fril Mollusca. Gastropoda 78. Substrate. Clayey sand REMARKS:The sand is ridged and moving. Phanerogam. 1 The ridges are approximately 2.5 cm high and Algae. Chlorophyta 16, 24, Rhodophyta 92 with 10 cm between crests. Crustacea. Brachyura 7 Mollusca. Castropoda 22, 34, 38, 54, 80, AREA52 (252) Bivalvia 23. Depth. 13 fm Substrate. Clay AREA50 (266) Annelida. Polychaeta, 50, 53 Depth. 2.5 Em Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 7, Echinoidea 4, Substrate. Sand Holothuroidea 8-9 Phanerogams. 4 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17, Plcurogona 14. Algae, Phaeophyta 57A, Rhodophyta 154, 164 AREA53 (253) Mollusca. Bivalvia 15 Depth. 12 fm Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 20 on Cymodocea Substrate. Clay stems. Coelenterata. Rydrozoa 28 AREA50 (267) Annelida. Polychaeta 36, 41, 50, 53 Depth. 2.5 fm Crustacea. Brachyura 8 Substrate. Sand and reef Mollusca. Bivalvia 13, 15 Phanerogams. 1, 3 Sryozoa. 22, 53 Echinodermata. Crinoidea 1. Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 7. AREA54 (254) AREA51 (250) Depth. 10 fm Depth. 3.5 fm Substrate. Sand-silt-clay Substrate. Coarse sand Annelida. Polychaeta 44? Phanerogam. 1 Mollusca. Bivalvia 2 1 Algae. Rhodophyta 158, 164, 169 Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 7, 14, Echinoi- Porifera. Some sponges dea 4, Holothuroidea 8-9. Crustacea. Isopoda 14, Rrachylira 7, 16, 22 AREA55 (22) Mollusca. Gastropoda 25, 63, Bivalvia 9-10, Depth. 4.5 fm 14,25 Substrate. Sand Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 2, 15, 18. Algae. Chlorophyta 22, Rhodophyta 141, 157 Porifera. A number of sponges AREA51 (270) Crustacea. Cirripedia 1 Algae. Rhodophyta 90 Mollusca. Castropoda 49, 79, Bivalvia 9, 13 Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 11, 24, 35 Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 12 Crustacea. Isopoda 14 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 18, Pleurogona 15. Mollusca. Bivalvia 9 Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1, 9 AREA55 (35) Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 20 Depth. 3.5 fm REMARKS:This station in Symonds Channel Substratc. Sand had a, very large population1 of Mytilus planu- Algae. Phacophyta 42, 47, 51, 61, Rhodo- latus, most larger than 18 mm. phytae 90, 155 Coelenterata. Actinaria 5, Octocorallia 2 AREA51 (271) Annelida. Echiuroidea 3 Depth. 6 fm Crustacea. Isopoda 1, Brachyura 7, 13, 20 Substratc. Sar~ci MG!!usc~. Gastr~pedz!68, 93, 98, Rivalvia 18, Algae. Rhodophyta 90 Ccphalopoda 7 Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 22, 28 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 1. 160 J. HOPE BLACK

AREA55 (39) AREA55 (148) Depth. 2 fm Depth. 3.5 %m Substrate. Sand Substraie. Sand Algae. Chlorophyta 1-2, Phaeophyta 32, 71, Algae. Chlorophyta 23, Phaecophyta 47, 64, Rhodophyta 154 132 Annelida. Polychaeta 12, 40, Echuroidea 1-2 Coelenterata. Scleractinea 1 Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 13, 16, 29 Annelida. 1, 13, 18, 20, 25-27, 61 Mollusca. Amphineura 4, 8, 12, Gastropoda 1, Crustacea. Cirripedia 2 15, 56, Opisthobranchia 2, 10, Bivalvia 2, Mollusca. Gastropoda 38, Bivalvia 3, 12, 41 9-10, 13, 23, 25, 34 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, Echinoidea 4, Bryozoa. 54, 95, 96 Holothuroidea 1-2, 6 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, 14-16, Echinoi- Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 10. dca 2, Holothuroidea 6 AREA55 (149) Ascidiacea. Enterogona 7. Depth. 2.5 fm Substrate. Sand AREA55 (144) Algae. Phaeophyta 43, 47 Depth. 10 fm Crustacea. Brachyura 8, 13, 21 Substrate. Sand-clay-silt Mollusca. Gastropoda 4, Bivalvia 3, 9 Coelenterata. Octocorallia 3 Bryozoa. 33, 41, 53 Annelida. Polychaeta 44, Sipunculoidea 3 AREA55 (255) Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 11A Depth. 6 fm Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 8 Substrate. Sand Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. Annelida. Polychaeta 53 AREA58 (145) Crustacea. Brachyura 7-8 Mollusca. Bivalvia 11A Depth. 8.75 frn Echinodermata. Holothuroidea S?, 9? Substrate. Sand-clay-silt Ascidiacca. Enterogona S?, 17, Pleurogona 4?, Annelida. Polychaeta 44? 15. Mollusca. Bivalvia 13 AREA56 (256) Echinodermata. Bphiuroidea 5, Holothuroidea Depth. 4 fm 8-9 Substrate. Sand Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. Annelida. Polychaeta 35-36, 53 AREA55 (146) Crustacea. Brachyura 4, 13 Mollusca. Bivalvia 10, 118, 13, 15 Depth. 8 fm Ascidiacea. Enterogona 8?, 17?, Pleurogona 15. Substrate. Sandy silt Annelida. Polychaeta 36 AREA56 (295) Mollusca. Bivalvia 1, 118, 13 Depth. 3 frn Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4 Substrate. Sand and dune limestone reef Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. Algae. Chlorophyta 2, 11, 13, Phacophyta 28, 31, 56, Rhotophyta 82-83, 96, 99, 111, 131, AREA55 (147) 168 Depth. 5.5 fm Mollusca. Gastropoda 1, 23, 37, 49, 82, Bi- Substrate. Sandy silt valvia 9, 37, Opisthobranchia 15 Crustacea. lsopoda 12, 18, 26, Brachyura 25 Bryozoa. 60, 63, 85, 87, 90, 96 Mollusca. Amphineura 2, 20, Gastropoda 11, Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 2 15, 19, 32, 65, 80, Bivalvia 13, 15, 37-38, Ascidiacea. Enterogona l, 12, Pleilrogoi~a7, Cephalopoda !l 14. Brachiopoda. 1 REMARKS:This station outside the Heads is Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2, Bphiuroidea 8. off Barwon Heads. BENTHHC C

AREA57 (294) AREA58 (91) Depth. 10 fnl Depth. 6 fm Substrate. Sand and reef Substrate. Sand Algae. Rhodophyta 100 Phanerogam. P Annelida. Polychaeta 16 Annelida. Polychaeta 23, 57. Bryozoa. 13, 27, 45, 54, 68, 81, 83-84, 92, AREA58 (150-4) 96, 107 Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 10 Depth. 3-6.5 frn Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 19. Substrate. Sand and reef AREA58 (80) Algae. Chlorophyta 2, 9-10, 12, 14, 18-19, Depth. 2 5 fm Phaeophyta 41, 54-55, 58, 62, 69, Rhodo- Substrate. Sand and reef phyta 76, 81, 84, 94, 104, 113-114, 119, Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 4, 6, 14, Actinaria 147, 160, 163 10, 12 Crustacea. Isopoda 16, 21, Brachyura 2, 7, 12, Annelida. Polychaeta 5 1 14 Crustacea. Isopoda 14, 20, 26, Brachyura 7, 21 Mollusca. Gastropoda 1-2 Mollusca. Gastropoda 29, 37 Bryozoa. 8, 14-15, 20, 22, 34, 45, 55, 62, 66, Bryozoa. 23, 84. 68, 79-80, 90, 98-99, 103-104, 109 Echinodemata. Crinoidea 4, Astcroidea 6, 10, AREA58 (81) Bphiuroidea 2, 4, 5, 10, Echinoidea 2, Holo- Depth. 2 fm thuroidea 4 Substrate. Sand Ascidiacea. Enterogona 9. Phanerogam. 3? Crustacea. Brachyura 7 REMARKS:These four stations in Lonsdale Mollusca. Gastropoda 1, 13, 37 Bight show that this area is very uniform with Bryozoa. l01 a large algal and bryozoai population. The Echinodermata. Asteroidea 10A. majority of species collected occurred at the AREA58 (88) four stations but in addition each station had a few species peculiar to it, and these are listed Depth. 7 fm Substrate. Sand below. Coeienrerata. Hydrozoa 15-16, 19 AREA58 (150) Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 10, 20 Depth. 3 fm Phanerogams. 1, 4 Mollusca. Gastropoda 22-23, 25, 58, 65, 86, 88-89, 96, 101, Opisthobranchia 11, Bi- Algae. Phaeophyta 65 Crustacea. lsopoda 6, 11-12, 26 valvia 8, 37 Mollusca. Gastropoda 3. Bryozoa. 1, 12, 19, 32, 50, 56, 61, 63, 65, 67, 70, 89, 96, 102, 110, 112. AREA58 (151) AREA58 (89) Depth. 3.5 fm Depth. Intertidal collecting Phanerogams. 4 Substrate. Sand Algae. Phaeophyta 67 Phanerogam. 1 Crustacea. Isopoda 6, 11-12, 26 Crusiacea. Brachyura 5, 15, 19, 30 Mollusca. Gatsropoda 23, 40, 76, 89, 91, 98, Mollusca. Gaslropoda 51, 57, 92-93, 95, Bi- 100 valvia 6, 24, 35-36 Echinodermata. Crinoidea 2, 6 Bryozoa. 47, 80. Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 14, 19. AREA58 (90) AREA58 (152) Depth. 6 fm Depth. 3.5 fm Su'osilaie. Said Pha~erogams.4 Phancrogam. 1 Crustacea. Isopoda 6, 11-12, 26 Coelenterata. Actinaria 8, Scleractinia 1. Mollusca. Gatsropoda 98. 162 J. HOPE

AREA58 (153) Coelenterata. Actinaria 6 Depth. 6.5 fm Annelida. Polychaeta 20, 24 Algae. Phaeophyta 65 Cuustacea. Isopoda 41, 23, 26, Brachyura 3 Mollusca. Gastropoda 3, 7, 14, 25, 29, 31, AREA58 (154) 36-39, 49, 62 on 98, 76, 82, 93, 98, 104, Depth. 5 fm. 108, Bivalvia 5, 9, 37 REMARKS:This flora and fauna was con- Bryozoa. 24, 33, 42-43, 84 fined to the combined station list. Ascidiacea. Enterogona 1-2, 16, Pleurogona 5. AREA58 (223) AREA59 (24) Depth. 2 fm Depth. 1.5 fm Substrate. Sand Substrate. Sand and piles of pier Phanerogams. 4 Porifera. Abundant sponges Algae. Phaeophyta 5 1-52 Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 5, 17, Actinaria 12 Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 20, 28-29, 30. Annelida. Polychaeta 31, 33, 44, 47, 51, 60, Bryozoa. 38. Sipunculoidea 1 AREA58 (290) Mollusca. Gastropoda 1, 3, 82, 108, Bivalvia 12 Depth. 7 fm Bryozoa. 10, 26, 47, 51, 60, 84, 86, 91-92, 95 Substrate. Sand Echinodermata. Crinoidea 5, Asteroidea 1, 5-6, Phanerogam. 1 10A, 15-16, Ophiuroidea 1, 5, 10, 12-14, Coelenterata. Scleractinia 4 Echinoidca 2 Crustacea. Brachyura 12 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 1, 2, 16, Pleurogona Mollusca. Gatsropoda 6 5. 9, 14, 15, 19. Bryozoa. 8-9, 22, 38, 45-46, 53, 56, 80, 84-85, REMARKS:This station was at Portsea Pier, 88, 95-97, 102 the piles, and the surrounding sand. Echinodcrmata. Crinoidea 5, Ophiruoidea 3 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 4. AREA59 (25) REMARKS:This station is on the dune lime- Depth. 2.5 fm stone platform on the ocean side of Point Substrate. Sand Nepean. Phanerogam. 1 Coelenterata. Actinaria 7, 12 AREA58 (293) Crustacea. lsopoda 26, Brachyura 7 Depth. 6 fm Mollusca. Gastropoda 22, 32, 34, 38, 62, 89, Substrate. Sand with dune limestone reef 98, Bivalvia 11A Algae. Chlorophyta 11, Phaeophyta 47, 56, Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, Holothuroidea 6. Rhodophyta 78, 93, 130, 166 Coelentrata. Actinaria 15, Octocorallia 4-5 AREA59 (36) Crustacea. Brachyura 1 Depth. 2-6 fm Mollusca. Amphineura 1, 10 Substrate. Sand and artificial reef Bryozoa. 35, 73, 108 Algae. Chlorophyta 10, 15, 17, 19-21, Phaeo- Echinodermata. Echinoidea 3A phyla 28-29, 31, 41, 46-50, 56, 574 61, Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 19. 73, Rhodophyta 78-79, 82, 87, 93-96, 101, 106, 127-128, 136, 138, 168 AREA59 (23) Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 1, 8, 10, 23-24, 26, Depth. 2 5 frn 30-32, Actinaria 13, Octocorallia 1, 5-9, Substrate. Sand and dune limestone reef Scleractinia 34 Algae. Chlorophyta 1, 8, 15, Phateophyra 46, Annelida. Polychaeta 17, 20, 23, 25-26, 31, 57.4, 62, 65-66, 71, Rhnctnphyta 82, 138, 44, 48, 51 140, 168-169 Crustacea. lsopoda 6, 16, 26, Brachyura 4, 7, Porifera. Red sponge 10, 17, 19-21 BENTHIC COMMUNITIES 163

MoZEnsca. Amphinema 10, 20, Gastropoda 1, Annelida. Pslychaeta 47 3-5, 10, 13, 21-22, 34, 37, 59, 60, 67, Mollusca. Gastropoda 32, 38, 71, 82, Opis- 91-72, 74, 76, 82, 89, 96-97, 101, 105- thobrancbia Rostangia arbuta in sponge, Bi- 107, 110, Opisthobranchia 13, Bivalvia 10, valvia 9, 118-12 15, 20, 37, 41 Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 9 Bryozoa. 1, 4, 8, 11-12, 14, 16-17, 19, 21-23, Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15? 26, 28-29, 30, 33, 36-40, 44-45, 52-54, REMARKS:The large number of sponges 56-59, 63, 67, 76, 80, 83-85, 91, 95-96, were thc habitat for numerous amphipods and 98-100, 102, 104-106, 111-113 isopods. Echinodermata. Crinoidea 1, 4-5, Asteroidea 3, AREA59 (214) 14-15, Ophiuroidea 1-2, 4-5, 10, Echinoidea Depth. 6 fm 1, 4 Substrate. Sand Ascidiacea. Enterogona 5-6, 9, Pleurogona 5, Phanerogams. 1, 4 14-15, 19. Algae. Chlorophyta 8? Rhodophyta 75, 108, REMARKS:This station is the artificial reef 116, 159 of the Popes Eye Annulus and its surround. Annelida. 1 Crustacea. Isopoda 15, 17, Brachyura 11, 25 AREA59 (79) Mollusca. Bivalvia 10, Cephalopoda 2 Depth. 2 fm Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 5, 10, Holo- Substrate. Sand thuroidea 2. Algae. Chlorophyta 8, 15, 20-21, Phaeophyta AREA59 (224) 42, 44, 46, 51, 57A, 59, 65, 69, 71, Rho- Depth. 9 fm dophyta 82, 85, 94, 96, 107-108, 112, 140, Substrate. Sand 149, 159, 169 Algae. Phaeophyta 73, Rhodophyta 94, 158, Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 8, 17, 24, Actinaria 2 159, 161 Annelida. Polychaeta 23 Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 11, 16 Crustacea. Isopoda 10, Brachyura 12 Mollusca. Bivalvia 10. Mollusca. Gastropoda 1, 77, 82, Bivalvia 9 Brvozoa. 12. 98 REMARKS: A comparatively barren station. ~chinodermita.Asteroidea 1, Ophiuroidea 10 AREA59 (225) Ascidiacea. Enterogona 15. Depth. 8.75 fm REMARKS:This station is the Quarantine substrate.Sand with pebbles Jetty, . Algae. ehlorophyta 8, 19, Phaeophyta 578 AREA59 (87) Bryozoa. 3, 64, 99. Depth. 7.5 fm AREA59 (226) Substrate. Sand Depth. 8 fm Algae. Phaeophyta 42, 68, Rhodophyta 99, Substrate. Sand 1012, 117, 125, 128, 161 Phanerogam . 1 Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 9, 11, 17-18 Algae. Chlorophyta 19, Phaeophyta 42. 48, Annelida. Bolychaeta 5 1 574 60, 73, Rhodophyta 80, 88, 94, 102, Crustacea. Isopodz 12, Brachyura 12 137, 142, 158 Bryozoa. 7, 56, 81, 101, 108 Mollusca. Bivalvia 10. Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 10. AREA59 (213) AREA59 (227) Depth. 8 fm Depth. 8 fm Substrate. Dune limestone with only 2 5 cm of Substrate. sand sand and a iarge area ul' bare ruck Crustacea. Brachyura 14. Algae. Phaeophyta 578 REMARKS:The ripple-marked and scoured Porifera. Abundant sponges sand was barren except for the crab. 164 J. HOPE

AREA59 (234) Porifera. Various sponges Depth. 8 fan Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 4, 6, Actinaria 12, Substrate. Sand Octocorallia 5-6 Phanerogam. l Annelida. Polychaeta 7, 34 Algae. Chlorophyta 8, 16, Phaeophyta 28, 3 1, Crustacea. Isopoda 6, 21,23-24, 26, Brachyura Rhodophyta 85, 126, 145-146 19, 21 Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 10. Mollusca. Gastropoda 1, 12, 62 on 1, 65, 67- AREA60 (85) 68, 95, 97-98, 110, Opisthobranchia 4, 10, Depth. 6 fm Bivalvia 3, 9-10, 13, 23 Substrate. Sand Echinodermata. Crinoidea 1, 6, Asteroidea 1, Algae. Chlorophyta 1, 19, Phaeophyta 61, Rho- 14, Ophiuroidea 4-5, Echinoidea 3, Rolo- dophyta 91, 94, 129, 146, 155, 158, 162 thuroidea 2-4 Crustacea. Brachyura 17 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 7, 10, 19. Mollusca. Bivalvia 11A. AREA61 (239) AREA60 (86) Depth. 4 fm Depth. 11 fm Substrate. Sand Substrate. Completely barren scouring sand. Phanerogam. l Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 44 AREA60 (215) Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 13, 21 Depth. 6 fm Mollusca. Amphineura 11, Gastropoda 1, Bi- Substrate. Almost barren sand with rock frag- valvia 9 ments Bryozoa. 47, 65, 94 Bryozoa. 5 Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 10 AREA60 (235) Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 19. Depth. 8 fm Substrate. Sand REMARKS:This station like (37) is located Phanerogam. 1 on S. Channel Fort. Algae. Rhodophyta 91, 120 AREA61 (240) Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 11 Depth. 2 fm Mollusca. Bivalvia 9 (dead) Substrate. A bare sand floor Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 6, 2 1. Mollusca. Gastropoda 96, Bivalvia 1, 19. AREA60 (268) AREA61 (241) Depth. 1.5 fm Depth. 7.5 fm Substrate. Sand with shell Substrate. Silty sand Phanerogam. 1 Annelida. Polychaeta 36, 53? Algae. Phaeophyta 25-27 Crustacea. Isopoda 17, Brachyura 8 Coelenterata. Nydrozoa 3 Mollusca. Bivalvia 43 Mollusca. Bivalvia 10 Bryozoa. 7 Bryozoa. 17. Echinodermata. Crinoidea 3, Ophiuroidea 7, REMARKS:On sandbank W. of Mud Island. Holothuroidea 9. AREA60 (269) AREA61 (242) Depth. 1.5 fm Depth. 11 fm Substrate. Fine shell sand Substrate. Silty sand Algae. Rhodophyta 140. Algae. Chlorophyta 12 AREA61 (37) Annelida. Polychaeta 21, 37, 45 Depth. 4 fm Crustacea. Isopoda 17, Brachyura 7, 13 Subsrrare. Sand and artificial rock piadorm iviolusca. Bivaivia 9, iiA, 13 Algae. Chlorophyta 22, Phaeophyta 5 1, 64, Bryozoa. 5, 19 Rhodophyta 82, 169 Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17?, Pleurogona 15. AREA62 (96) AREA63 (17) Depth. 6 fm Depth. 3.5 fw Substrate. Sand Substrate. Sand Crustacea. Isopoda 12, Brachyura 7-8, 21-22 Chlorophyta. 1 Mollusca. Gastropoda 15, 36, 80, 96, 106, Algae. Phacophyta 31, Rhodophyta 139, 155, Bivalvia 9, 1IA, 13 159 Bryozoa. 93 Crustacea. Cirripedia 1 Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 5-6, 15. Mollusca. Gastropoda 80, 96, Bivalvia 9 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15, 17. AREA62 (98) Depth. 6 fm AREA63 (18) Substrate. Sand Depth. 3 fm Mollusca. Bivalvia 11A. Substrate. Sand Algae. Chlorophyta 8, Phaeophyta 31, Rhodo- AREA62 (99) phyta 139, 155, 159 Depth. 6 fm Annelida. Polychaeta 56? Substrate. Coarse sand and shell Crustacea. Isopoda 11-12 Porifera. Branching sponge Mollusca. Gastropoda 88, 96, Bivalvia 9 Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 22 Echinodermata. Holothuroidea 1. Mollusca. Gastropoda 15, Bivalvia If A Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1 AREA63 (19) Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 18. Depth. 2.5 fm Substrate. Sand AREA62 (243) Algae. Phaeophyta 3 1, Rhodophyta 139, 155, Depth. 11 fm 159 Substrate. Silty sand Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 15 Algae. Phaeophyta 5 l? Mollusca. Gastropoda 80, 96, Bivalvia 9, 13 Annelida. Polychaeta 53? Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 18? Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 13 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9; 11A, 13, 21 AREA63 (20) Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17, Pleurogona 15, Depth. 2.5 fm Substrate. Sand AREA62 (244) Algae. Phaeophyta 63, Rhodophyta 139 Depth. 9.5 fm Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 20 Substrate. Silty sand grading to clay Crustacea. Brachyura 13, 22 Annelida. Polychaeta 36, 53 Mollusca. Gastropoda 80, 96. Crustacea. Brachyura 8, 13 Mollusca. Gastropoda 80 AREA63 (21) Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 7, Echinoidea 4, Depth. 2.5 fm Holothuroidea 8-9. Substrate. Sand Algae. Phaeophyta 31, 73, Rhodophyta 139, AREA63 (16) 155, 159 Depth. 4 fm Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 44 Substrate. Sand Crustacea. Brachyura 8, 16 Algae. Rhodophyta 139 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 13 Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 6 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 17? Annelida. Polychaeta 1 REMARKS:Stations 17-21 on the N. shore Crustacea. Isopoda i of Safety Bay are a series of close inshore Mollusca. Gastropoda 80, 96, Bivalvia 9 stations, together giving a picture of the com- Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. munity inhabiting the locality. 166 J. HOPE BLACK

AREA63 (159) Substrate. Silty sand grading to clay Depth. 10 fnl Annelida. Polychaeta 36, 551 Substrate. Clay Mollusca. Bivalvia 1 1A, 13, 15 Annelida. Polychaeta 53? Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 7, Echinoidea 4, Crustacea. Brachyura 13, 26 in Mytilus planu- Holothuroidea 8-9 latus Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 1 1A, 13 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2, Echinoidea 4, AREA63 (247) Holothuroidea 2 Depth. 7 fm Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 10, 17 attached to Substrate. Fine sand Pecten alba Mollusca. Bivalvia 1 1A, 13 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. REMARKS:This station is on the edge of the clay and has a mingling of the silty sand and AREA63 (248) clay faunas. Depth. 4.5 fm AREA63 (160) Substrate. Coarse sand Depth. 5 fm Annelida. Echiuroidea 3? Substrate. Sand-clay-silt Mollusca. Bivalvia 11A Crustacea. Brachyura 13?, 26 on Mytilus planu- Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15. latus Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 13 AREA63 (249) Echinodermata. Asteroidea 14 Depth. 4.5 fm Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15, 17. Substrate. Sand Algae. Rhodophyta 122, 156 AREA63 (161) Porifera. Several sponges Depth. 4 fm Annelida. Echiuroidea 3? Substrate. Coarse sand Mollusca. Bivalvia 11A Annelida. Polychaeta 1 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 17. Crustacea. Brachyura 26 Mollusca. ~ivalvia9, 13 AREA64 (163) Echinodermata. Asteroidea 14 Depth. 2 fm Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15, 17. Substrate. Reef and sand AREA63 (162) Algae. Phaeophyta Depth. 2 fm Annelida. Polychaeta 44, 53 Substrate. Sand Crustacea. Brachyura 7 Annelida. Polychaeta 1 Mollusca. Amphineura 12, Gastropoda 1, 19, Crustacea. Brachyura 8, 26 34, 77, 80, 93, Bivalvia 1, 3, 9, 13, 24, 31-32 Mollusca. Bivalvia 9, 13 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 16 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15, 17. Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17, Pleurogona 15, 17. AREA63 (245) REMARKS:This station and the following 164 Depth. 9 fm are on the granite reefs at the base of Martha Substrate. Silty sand Cliff. Annelida. Polychaeta 2 1 Crustacea. Brachyura 13, 25 AREA64 (164) Mollusca. Bivalvia 11 A, 13 Depth. 1.5 fm Ascidiacea. Enterogona 17, Pleurogona 13, 15. Substrate. Reef and sand Algae. Phaeophyta 51?, 61 REMARKS: A scallop ground. Porifera. Sponges abundant AREA63 (244) eoeleiiteI aia. Scielaciiriia Depth. 8.5 fm Annelida. Polychaeta 25 Substrate. Sand Crustacea. Brachyura 22 BENTHPC COMMUNITIES 167 h4ollusca. Gastropoda 2, 8-9, 37, 65, 77-78, Annelida. Pslychaeta If, 25, 47, 51, 5% 98, Opisthobranchia 4, Bivalvia 3, 9, 12-13> Crustacea. Brachyura 7 20, 31, 41, Cephalopoda 9, B B Mollusca. Bivalvia 11A Echinodermeta. Asteroidea 1, 14, Ophiurodiea Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 17. 5, Echinoidea 2, Holothuroidea 1, 6. AREA68 (155) AREA66 (291) Depth. 5.5 fm Depth. 10 fm Substrate. Sand Substrate. Sand Phanerogam. 1 Phanerogams. 1, 4 Porifera. Two red branching sponges Algae. Chlorophyta 10, Phaeophyta 57, Rhodo- Annelida. Polychaeta 20 phyta 76, 79, 81-82, 94, 98, 100, 108, 123, Crustacea. Isopoda 12, Brachyura 4, 7-8,21,25 128, 130, 146A, 165 Mollusca. Gastropoda 25, 32, 34, 56, 88, Crustacea. Isopoda 4, 6, 18 Bivalvia 13, 26 Bryozoa. 8-9, 31, 45, 53, 56, 70-71, 96 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1, Holothuroidea 1. Ascidiacea. Enterogona 9, Pleurogona 19. Depth. 7.5 fm AREA66 (292) Substrate. Sand Depth. 10 fm Porifera. Several sponges Substrate. Sand and dune limestone reef Annelida. Polychaeta 44? Algae. Phaeophyta 51 Mollusca. Bivalvia 10, 11A, Cephalopoda 3 Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 28, 31 Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1 Annelida. Polychaeta 8, 23, 50, 55 Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 13? Crustacea. Isopoda 6, 18, Brachyura 19-20 Mollusca. Amphineura 10, 20, Gastropoda 6, AREA68 (157) 24, 73, 103 Depth. 6 fm Bryozoa. 9, 53, 56, 70-71, 75, 96 Substrate. Sand Echinodermata. Asteroidea 3-4, 8, 12-13, Porifera. Sponges Ophiuroidea 10 Crustacea. Brachyura 4 Ascidiacea. Enterognna 9, Pleurogona 19; Mollusca. Gastro~oda98, 104, Bivalvia 9-10 Asteroidea 1 REMARKS:The reefs on this open coast have Echinodermata. Holothuroidea l. abundant sponges which harbour several spe- cies, including the small brittle star. AREA 68 (158) Depth. 8 fm AREA67 (216) Substrate. Fine sand Depth. 4 fm Annelida. Polychaeta 53 Substrate. Sand Crustacea. Isopoda 11-12, 17, Brachyura 13 Phanerogam. l? Mollusca. Gastropoda 96, Bivalvia 13, 15. Algae. Chlorophyta 16? Porifera. A few sponges AREA68 (218) Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 35 Depth. 5 fm Crustacea. Brachyura 7, 11, 25 Substrate. Sand with shell Mollusca. Bivalvia 9-10, 13, 23 Algae. Rhodophyta 122 Echinodermata. Bphiuroidea 5 Porifera. Some sponges Ascidiacea. Enterogona 7, 17, Pleurogona 6, Coelenterata- HydrOzOa 28 15, 19. Echinodermata. Asteroidea 1. AREA67 (217) AREA68 (219) Depth. 3.5 fm Depth. 6.75 fm Substrate. Fine sand with shell Substrate. Fine sand Phanerogam. l? Porifera. Some sponges Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 6, 28 Discussion Mollusca. Gastrolsoda 98, Bivalvia l lA Echinodermata. Echinoidea 4?, Holothuroidea Biological Conzmunities l? Port Phillip is a broad shallow bay with a narrow opening to the ocean on the S. ex- AREA68 (220) tremity. This opening, between the low dune Depth. 7.5 fm limestone cliffs of Point konsdale and Point Substrate. Fine sand with many dead shells Nepean, is only 2 miles (3 2 km) wide with Crustacea. Brachyura 3, 13-14 a dredged depth on the limestone bar of 50 ft Echinodermata. Ophiuroidea 9, Echinoidea 4, (15 m). Each side of the bar the depth in- Holothuroidea 1. creases rapidly, and a scour hole has a depth of approximately 280 feet (Keble 1946). Spot AREA69 (97) diving and dredging in the entrance channel Depth. 6.5 fm indicates that the bottom is barren sand, pro- Substrate. Sand bably due to the scour by the strong currents Annelida. Polychaeta 1, 14 and daily rip tides. This in contrast with the Mollusca. Gastropoda 15, Bivalvia 11A, 13, 21. rich flora and fauna of the underwater limc- stone platforms that run out from the bases of AREA69 (100) the two points for about 0 5 mile (0 8 km) Depth. 3 fm both within and outside the heads at depths of Substrate. Sand 2-3 fm. Porifera. Brown sponges abundant Port Phillip is a drowned river system (Meble Crustacea. Brachyura 14, 22 1946, Bowler 1966) and the contours of the Mollusca. Bivalvia 1 1A former valley are reproduced in the bathy- Ascidiacea. Pleurogona 15?, 17. metric contours, but the overall impression is of an irregular saucer with gcntly sloping sides AREA69 (221) and a flat central area of 13 fm. The slopes are Depth. 4 fm more gentle towards the N. so that the deepest Substrate. Sand area is slightly S. of the central E-W. line, and Coelenterata. Hydrozor: 31, 3IA, Oetocorallia there is a long shallow W. extension to foriil 1 Corio Bay. Annelida. Polychaeta 30 The biological cornmullities fall into two Crustacea. Isopoda 17, Brachyura 7, 14, 21, parts governed by substrate. The major portion 25 of the bay has sediments ranging from gravels Mollusca. Gastropoda 63 on Fulvia, Bivalvia to clays and comprising approximately 90 per 11A, 15 cent of the area. The other 10 per cent consists Bryozoa. 65, 87 of reefs, usually in shallow water, of a variety Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2, Echinoidea 2 of rock types. These reefs are the seaward Ascidiacea. Enterogona 3. extensions of the rock forming the adjacent shoreline. AREA69 (222) The fauna associated with these two sub- Depth. 5 fm stratc types can be divided into two sections Substrate. Sand (Petersen 19 13) : 1. The infauna comprising Porifera. Some sponges all living on and in the sedimentary sea Coelenterata. Hydrozoa 3, 31, 31A floor, and 2. The epifauna aniinals living Annelida. Polychaeta 5: 9: 24, 26 upon a firm surface of rock, shell or vegetation. Crustacea. Isopoda 17, Brachyura 21-22 A third group (not considered to any extent) Moiiusca. Bivalvia 1U, 11A, 15 is the pelagic animals which are of course Echinodermata. Asteroidea 2 intimately related and often dependent upon Ascidiacea.. Pleurogona 15. the benthic community. BENTHHC @OMMUNlTIE% 169

The limited facilities both of manpower and Corio Bay where the clays and silty clays ex- equipment made it impossible to make quanti- tend to the shoreline. The fauna of this sub- tative collections, and the abundance of species slrate is not uniform, but different con~munities has been based on the reports of the divers and occur with the changing grain size and position the processing of the collected material. The in relation to the Heads, which area is com- author is fully aware of the limitations of this paratively barren. The sand of Areas 24 and method, but hopes that observations and de- 36 has sparse fauna consisting mostly of the ductions are accurate enough to give a picture bivalves Mytilus planulatus, Ostrea angasi, of the ecological communities present and their Chioneryx candioides and Phacosoma coerulea, approximate limits, so as to form a foundation the ascidian Pyura praeputialis, the crab Noto- for further detailed work. mithrax minor, as well a large Bonellia sp. As the sediments comprise the grcater pro- which it was impossible to collect complete. portion of the bay, it is proposed to deal with It was found in large numbers at some stations, them first. The communities are governed by and although the divers made repeated efforts depth, substrate and degree of shelter, or per- to collect whole specimens, they never suc- haps more correctly the degree of flushing ceeded in obtaining more than the long cream afforded by the daily tidal movement. Thus and chocolate proboscis. they appear to zone the sides of the saucer in On the NW. shore, including Areas 5, 9-10 a series of parallel bands almost comparable and portions of 6, 7, 11, 16-19 inclusive, and with the intertidal zones of a rock platform. on portions of 28-29, 40 on the S. shore of The central basin situated within the 10 fm Corio Bay, as well as Areas 48, 55 between line has a substrate of fine sediments which are Frankston and Mornington, there are extensive silty clays in the W. half and in Corio Bay, while beds of the green alga Caulerpa brownii and the S. sector has a clay substrate. The com- C. remotifolia. The dominant species of the munity is an echinoderm-annelid one, the dom- epifauna associated with the Caulerpa is the inant being Echinocardum corda- bivalve Electroma georgiana, but it is also tum, A~nphiuraelandiforinis, Trochodota allani found in association with Zostera and other and Leptosynapta dolabrifeua. In the N. silty algae which afford it a suitable attachment. clays the dominant annelid is Chaetopterus The fauna of the Caulerpa beds is large and vartopedatus, but in the S. claps 2M;lxicola tn- varied as can be seen from the station lists. fundibulum, Ostraea angasi and Peclen alba also occur spasmodically, the latter a migrant Zostera beds occur on sand in Capell Sound from the silty sand and sand. The silty sand and on the E. shores of the Bellarine Peninsula substrate forms a narrow band surrounding as well as on the silty and clayey sands of Swan these clay sediments except in the SW. where Bay and Corio Bay. These beds are often fringed there is a sharp division between the clay and on their seaward side by Cymodocea antauctica sand at the 10 fm line. and Halophila ovalis, which line the deeper The silty sand band is wide in the NW. sector channels. The Zostera provides shelter and a and it also extends into Corio Bay. The dom- stable substrate for a large number of animals inant animals are Amplzrites rubra, Pecten alba, that are not adapted to the greater movement Stichopus mollis and Pyura praeputialis, with of the pure sand. Associated with the Zostera the following species often present-Ostuaea are a number of animals including A~nphitrites angasi, Tosia nzagnifica and Pentacta australis. rubra, Carcinus nzaenus and Matelysia rhyti- In the NW. there are extensive Mytilus planu- phora. latus beds, and associated with them an orange The very well sheltered Swan Bay has a branching sponge and the bryozoan Amalthia fauna typical of such conditions, of which tortuosa. the Tellinid bivalve Nomalina is indicative. From the shore to approximately 6 fm the In the bay the moiiusc is the cioseiy aiiied substrate is sand of varying grain size, except species Macoma deltoidalis, and the associated for Swan Bay, and the W. and N. shores of fa-una includes the annelids Hormothoe spinosa, 170 J. HOPE

Curiformia tentuculuta, Chaetopterus vario- 3. Tertiary ironstone of the Miocene clays pedalis and Amphitrites rubra, as well as the and sandstones of the N. and E. shores. On crabs Philyra Eaevis and Lidochiera bispinosa. these ironstone reefs the star coral Plesiasfrea The substrates which occur in Corio Bay urvillei occurs in some cases almost to the ex- indicate faunas similar to those within 7-13 fm clusion of other species. It is recorded as a in the main bay. However, the shallower water dominant species at Area 3 (203), 5 (56), 14 (5 fm maximum) produces a larger and more (4-5), 55 (148), and 58 (90). varied population. In the deep water with a 4. The granites of Martha Point extend clay substrate Echinocardium cordatum and seawards and form off-shore reefs-Areas 63 Leptosynapta dolabrifera occur, but the ophiu- (163) and 64 (164). roid is Amphiura constricts. On the N. shore, The flora and fauna, though very large and which has substrates of clayey sand (Area 26) varied, are typical of similar temperate regions, and silty sand (Area 27), the bivalve Anadara and can be paralleled by populations in both trapezia occurs from the sub-littoral to 5 fm. the N. and S. hemisphere. In spite of over a Associated with it is a comparatively rich fauna century of intensive habitation of its shores by --Areas 26 (126), 27 (41). man, the greater part of the bay had been little Reefs arc formed by outcrops of the main altered at the time of this survey. Hobson Bay rock types occurring round the bay, and are has definitely suffered as shown by the molluscs as follows: and bryozoans recorded previously and on the 1. The dune limestone of the Heads region. present survey (Macpherson 1966, Vigeland These platforms are very rich in both species 1971). and numbers of specimens of flora and fauna. The greatest single change that the bay has Being S. of the Nepean Bay bar, they have the suffered in recent years has been the intensive benefit of the daily flushing by the tide. Brace- scallop fishing of the early 1960s. The extent bridge Wilson collected this region and made of the alteration has not yet been fully assessed, extensive collections of all the major groups but some spot dredging by the author has shown of algae and animals. This was repeated by the that the Caulerpa community has been spread present survey as shown by stations Area 58 to the W. of its previous limits. This is probably ( 150-4) and many of those of Area 59. due to the dredges moving the skeletal material The Popes Eye Annulus Area 59 (36) is of the W. sands on to the silty sand and so included here although it is a man-made struc- providing a firm substrate. ture of basalt blocks. References 2. The Oligocene basalt (Gill 1961) of the GILL, E. D., 1961. Eustasy and the Yarra Delta. Proc. NW. shore from Corio Bay to Williamstown R. Soc. Vict. 74: 125-133. dips under the bay floor and outcrops as com- KEBLE. R. A.. 1944. The sunklands of Port Philli~ and Bass Strait. Man. naln. Mus. Vict. 14: 6$- paratively soft reefs. These carry a typical rich ILL.*AA reef population and an infauna of burrowing KNOX, G. A., 1969. The natural history of Canter- annelids and molluscs such as Pholas australa- bury. Melbourne. 620 pp. MORTON,J., and MILLER,M,, 1968. The New Zea- siae. At Area 25 (129) the basalt is overlain land seashore. Auckland. 638 pp. by a thin layer of clayey sand through which PETERSEN,C. G. J., 1913. Valuation of the sea 2. Rep. Danish biol. Sfat. 21: 1-44. the Pholas projects its siphons to the surface. THORSON,G., 1957. Bottom communities. Treatise Other stations on this type of reef are Area on marrne ecology and paleoecolo,oy (Geo. Soc. 6 (137), 13 (93-94), 27 (41, 139) and 28 Amer. Mem. 67) 1 Ecology, pp. 441-534. All other references are to this Memoir or the pre- (141). vious one (No. 27) on this Survey.