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ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KIMIA,PENENTUAN SIFAT FISIK,DAN KADAR SINEOL MINYAK ATSIRI PADADAUN Eucalyptuscitriodoradari PT.TOBA PULP LESTARI.TBK

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ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KIMIA,PENENTUAN SIFAT FISIK,DAN KADAR SINEOL MINYAK ATSIRI PADADAUN Eucalyptuscitriodoradari PT.TOBA PULP LESTARI.TBK ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KIMIA,PENENTUAN SIFAT FISIK,DAN KADAR SINEOL MINYAK ATSIRI PADADAUN EucalyptusCitriodoraDARI PT.TOBA PULP LESTARI.TBK SKRIPSI JEREMIA SITOHANG 150802007 PROGRAM STUDIS1 KIMIA FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019 Universitas Sumatera Utara ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KIMIA,PENENTUAN SIFAT FISIK,DAN KADAR SINEOL MINYAK ATSIRI PADA DAUN Eucalyptus Citriodora DARI PT.TOBA PULP LESTARI.TBK SKRIPSI Diajukan Untuk Melengkapi Tugas Dan Memenuhi Syarat Mencapai GelarSarjanaSains JEREMIA SITOHANG 150802007 PROGRAM STUDIS1 KIMIA FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUANALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019 Universitas Sumatera Utara PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI Judul :Analisis Kandungan Kimia, Penentuan Sifat Fisik, Dan Kadar Sineol Minyak Atsiri Pada Daun Eucalyptus CitriodoraDari PT.Toba Pulp Lestari.Tbk Kategori : Skripsi Nama : Jeremia Sitohang Nomor Induk Mahasiswa : 150802007 Program Studi : Sarjana (S1) Kimia Fakultas : Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sumatera Utara Disetujui di Medan, September 2019 Ketua Program Studi Pembimbing Dr. Cut Fatimah Zuhra, M.Si Prof. Dr. ZulAlfian, M.Sc NIP. 197405051999032001 NIP. 195504051983011002 Universitas Sumatera Utara PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KIMIA, PENENTUAN SIFAT FISIK, DAN KADAR SINEOL MINYAK ATSIRI PADA DAUN Eucalyptus Citriodora DARI PT.TOBA PULP LESTARI.TBK SKRIPSI Saya menyatakan bahwa Skripsi ini adalah hasil karya sendiri, kecuali beberapa kutipan dan ringkasan yang masing-masing disebutkan sumbernya. Medan, September 2019 Jeremia Sitohang 150802007 Universitas Sumatera Utara PENGHARGAAN Segala Puji dan syukur Saya Panjatkan kepada Allah Bapa, Putra, dan Roh Kudus Yang Maha Kasih, Oleh karena kasih dan anugrahNya, Ia tetap membimbing penulis dalam saat suka maupun duka sehingga dapat tersusun penulisan skripsi ini untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana Kimia di Universitas Sumatera Utara.Ucapan terima kasih yang tak terhingga kepada bapak Saya, Sahat Tahi Sitohang dan Mama terhebat, Lina Br. Simbolon yang selalu dan senantiasa mendukung didalam doa, memberi motivasi, nasehat bahkan semangat untuk penulis. Dan kepada abang saya Febricho Sitohang dan Kakak yang Paling saya sayangi Lisah U Sitohang yang dewasa dan pengertian yang senantiasa mendukung,memotivasi penulis agar tetap bersabar dan bertekun didalam doa, Tak lupa juga untuk seluruh keluarga besar yang selama ini memberikan bantuan, arahan, semangat dan dorongan yang luar biasa sehingga terselesaikan skripsi ini. Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada: 1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Zul Alfian, M.Sc selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang senantiasa mengarahkan, membimbing bahkan menyempurnakan hingga terselesaikan penulisan skripsi ini. 2. Ibu Dr. Cut Fatimah Zuhra, S.Si, M.Si. Selaku Ketua Program Studi Kimia FMIPA USU dan Ibu Dr. Sovia Lenny, S.Si, M.Si. selaku Sekretaris Program Studi Kimia FMIPA USU yang turut memberikan arahan, Perbaikan dan mensahkan Skripsi ini. 3. Dra. Nurhaida Pasaribu, MSi selaku dosen Penasehat akademik yang selalu memberikan nasehat dan arahan dalam perkuliahan dan Penelitian 4. Keluarga besar Laboratorium Kimia Analitik, terkhusus teman-teman Asisten Stambuk 2015 serta Adik-adik asisten 2016 yang turut memberikan doa dan dukungan semangat terhadap penulis dalam menyempurnakan skripsi ini. Medan, September 2019 Jeremia Sitohang Universitas Sumatera Utara ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KIMIA, PENENTUAN SIFAT FISIK, DAN KADAR SINEOL MINYAK ATSIRI PADA DAUN Eucalyptus Citriodora DARI PT.TOBA PULP LESTARI.TBK ABSTRAK Daun Eucalyptus Citriodora merupakan salah satu jenis eukaliptus yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan Sebagai minyak atsiri. 1,8 Sineol merupakan komponen utama dalam minyak Eucalyptus yaitu berada Pada 50-60 % yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku minyak Kayu Putih, Parfum dan di bidang Industri.Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa Kimia, Sifat Fisik dan kadar sineol dari daun Eucalyptus Citriodora dengan metode GC-MS. Daun Eucalyptus Citriodora diambil dari PT. Toba Pulp Lestari,Tbk. Minyak dari daun diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode hidrodestilasi dengan alat sthal. Berdasarkan Hasil analisis kualitatif menggunakan GC-MS terdapat sebelas kandungan senyawa didalam daun EucalyptusCitriodora, diantara α-Pinene; 1- Limone; 1,5 Cyclooctadiene; 1,8 Sineol; 1-P- Menthen-8-YL-Asetat; 3-Cycloheksana; 1-Metanol; α-Terpinyl Asetat; Phenol; Butylhidroxytoluena; Trans-Metil- dihidrojasmonate; ISO – Sitronelol; ISO – Propil Myristat; Propiltetradekanoat; dan Octadecanoic Acid. Berdasarkan data kuantitatif dari GC-MS diperoleh kadar sineol sebesar 17,07% v/v. Hasil Analisa uji Sifat Fisik dengan menggunakan metode titrimetri didapatkan kadar bilangan Keasaman minyak atsiri sebesar 2,8N dan didapatkan kadar bilangan Ester pada minyak atsiri sebesar 12N Pada suhu ruang 26,010C. Kata kunci : Eucalyptus Citriodora, Hidrodestilasi, 1,8 Sineol, Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrofotometry Universitas Sumatera Utara ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL CONTENT , PHYSICAL PROPERTIES DETERMINATION, AND CINEOL IN ATSIRI ESSENTIAL OILIN THE LEAVES OF Eucalyptus Citriodora FROM PT.TOBA PULP LESTARI.TBK ABSTRACT Eucalyptus Citriodora leaf is one type of eucalyptus that has the potential to be developed as an essential oil. 1.8 Sineol is a major component in Eucalyptus oil which is located at 50-60% which can be used as raw material for eucalyptus oil, perfume and in industry. The purpose of this research is to determine the content of chemical compounds, physical properties and levels of sineol from leaves Eucalyptus Citriodora with GC-MS method. Eucalyptus Citriodora leaves were taken from PT. Toba Pulp Lestari, Tbk. Oil from the leaves is obtained by using the hydrodestilation method with a sthal tool. Based on the results of qualitative analysis using GC-MS there are eleven compounds in the leaves of Eucalyptus Citriodora, among α-Pinene; 1-Limone; 1.5 Cyclooctadiene; 1.8 Cineol; 1-P- Menthen-8-YL-Acetate; 3-Cycloheksana; 1-Methanol; α-Terpinyl Acetate; Phenol; Butylhidroxytoluena; Trans-Methyl-dihydrojasmonate; ISO - Citronelol; ISO - PropilMyristat ;Propiltetradekanoat; and Octadecanoic Acid. Based on quantitative data from GC-MS, a sineol level of 17.07% v / v was obtained. The results of the analysis of the Physical Properties test using the titrimetry method obtained the acidity of the essential oil number of 2.8N and the content of the Esther number of the essential oil of 12N at room temperature of 26.010C. Keywords: Eucalyptus Citriodora, Hydrodestilation, 1.8 Cineol, Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrophotometry Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR ISI Halaman PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI i PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ii PENGHARGAAN iii ABSTRAK iv ABSTRACT v DAFTAR ISI vi DAFTAR TABEL vii DAFTAR GAMBAR viii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ix BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latar Belakang 1 1.2. Permasalahan 4 1.3. Pembatas Masalah 4 1.4. Tujuan Penelitian 5 1.5. Manfaat Penelitian 5 1.6. Metodologi Penelitian 5 BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1. Tanaman Eukaliptus 7 2.2. Taksonomi Tanaman Eukaliptus 8 2.2.1. Taksonomi Eukaliptus Citriodora 8 2.3. Aplikasi Produk Eukaliptus Citriodora 10 2.4 Komponen Minyak Kayu Putih (Eukaliptus oil) 12 2.4.1. Sineol 15 2.4.2 Biosintesis Minyak Atsiri 17 2.5. Sifat Fisika – Kimia Minyak Kayu Putih 19 2.6. Randemen dan Mutu Minyak Kayu Putih (Eukaliptus oil) 22 2.7 Pengolahan Daun Minyak Kayu Putih (Eukaliptus oil) 23 2.7.1 Penyulingan 24 2.7.1.1 Penyulingan Air 25 2.7.1.2 Penyulingan Uap Langsung 26 Universitas Sumatera Utara 2.8. Analisa Komponen Minyak Essensial 28 2.8.1. Kromatografi Gas – Mass Spektrometri GCMS 28 2.8.2. Kegunaan alat GCMS 30 2.8.3. Prinsip dan Cara Kerja GCMS 31 2.8.4. Instrumentasi GCMS 34 2.8.4.1. Instrumentasi Gas Chromatography 35 2.8.4.2. Instrumentasi Mass Spectrometry 36 BAB 3METODE PENELITIAN 3.1. Waktu dan Tempat 39 3.2. Alat dan Bahan 39 3.2.1. Alat 39 3.2.2. Bahan 40 3.3. Preparasi Daun Kayu Putih (Eucalyptus Citriodora) 40 3.3.1. Pengambilan Daun Eucalyptus Citriodora 40 3.3.2. Perajangan Daun Eucalyptus Citriodora 40 3.4 Identifikasi Daun Eucalyptus Citriodora 41 3.5. Destilasi Minyak Atsiri dari daun Eucalyptus Citriodora dengan alat Stahl 41 33.6 Analisa Kualitatif Kandungan Senyawa Minyak Kayu Putih 3.6. (Eucalyptus oil) dengan GC-MS 41 3.7. Pembuatan Larutan Baku Standar Sineol 27 3.7.1. Pembuatan Larutan Standar Sineol 3.7.2. Pembuatan Kurva Baku 42 3.8 Analisa Kuantitatif Kadar Sineol dalam Minyak Atsiri dari daun Eucalyptus Citriodora(Eucalyptus oil) dengan GC-MS 42 3.9 Pengukuran Sifat Fisiko-Kimia Minyak Atsiri daun Eucalyptus Citriodora 3.9.1. Penentuan Bilangan Asam 3.9.2. Penentuan Bilangan Ester 42 3.10. Bagan Penelitian 43 3.10.1. Destilasi Minyak Atsiri Dari daun Eucalyptus Citriodora (eukalyptus oil) dengan alat Stahl 43 3.10.2. Analisa Kualitatif Minyak Atsiri dari daun Eucalyptus Citriodora (eucalyptus oil) dengan GC-MS 44 3.10.3. Pembuatan Larutan Baku Standar Sineol 45 Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR TABEL Nomor Judul Tabel Halaman Kandungan Kimia dari Daun minyak esensial Eukaliptus 2.1 Globulus 10 2.2 Standar Mutu Minyak Kayu Putih (SNI 06-3954-2006) 23 2.3 Spesifikasi Alat Instrument GCMS 21 4.1 Hasil Isolasi Minyak Atsiri dengan Alat Stahl 46 Data Kualitatif GCMS Minyak daun Eucalyptus 4.2 Citriodora 47 4.3 Data Hasil Pengukuran Kadar Sineol Data Persamaan Garis Regresi dengan Metode Least 4.4 square 49 4.5 Senyawa yang diduga dengan data Puncak Fragmentasi 53 4.6 Penentuan Nilai Bilangan Asam 60 4.7 Penentuan Nilai Bilangan Ester 61 Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR GAMBAR
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